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Wu J, Li J, Wu Y, Yang M, Chen Y, Wang N, Wang J, Yuan Z, Yi J, Yang C. Betulinic acid mitigates zearalenone-induced liver injury by ERS/MAPK/Nrf2 signaling pathways in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 177:113811. [PMID: 37179046 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA) is a mycotoxin commonly found in cereals and feedstuffs, which can induce oxidative stress and inflammation to cause liver damage in humans and animals. Betulinic acid (BA) is extracted from pentacyclic triterpenoids of many natural plants and has anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidation biological activities in many studies. However, the protective effect of BA on liver injury induced by ZEA has not been reported. Therefore, this study aims to explore the protective effect of BA on ZEA-induced liver injury and its possible mechanism. In the mice experiment, ZEA exposure increased the liver index and caused histopathological impairment, oxidative damage, hepatic inflammatory responses, and increased hepatocyte apoptosis. However, when combined with BA, it could inhibit the production of ROS, up-regulate the proteins expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 and down-regulate the expression of Keap1, and alleviate oxidative damage and inflammation in the liver of mice. In addition, BA could alleviate ZEA-induced apoptosis and liver injury in mice by inhibiting the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and MAPK signaling pathways. In conclusion, this study revealed the protective effect of BA on the hepatotoxicity of ZEA for the first time, providing a new perspective for the development of ZEA antidote and the application of BA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jiayan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - You Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Mengran Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yunqin Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Naidong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Ji Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Zhihang Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jine Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Chenglin Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
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Zhao H, Wu L, Zhang Y, Feng S, Ding Y, Deng X, Feng R, Li J, Ma T, Huang C. Betulinic acid prevents liver fibrosis by binding Lck and suppressing Lck in HSC activation and proliferation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 296:115459. [PMID: 35714879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hypericum japonicum Thunb. ex Murray (Hypericaceae), named 'Tianjihuang' is a traditional Chinese medicine with hepatoprotective, antibacterial, and antitumour effects. Betulinic acid (BA) is its active constituent and has been found to have a number of biological effects, including antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and anti-malarial therapeutic properties. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and acute alcoholic liver injury have both been proven to benefit from BA. BA's effects and mechanism on liver fibrosis are still unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of BA on lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (Lck), a non-receptor Src family kinase, that reduces liver fibrosis by inhibiting the phosphorylation of the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathways through the interaction of Lck and SOCS1. MATERIALS AND METHODS A liver fibrosis model was established in vivo with CCl4 using haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, Masson staining, immunohistochemical staining, and immunofluorescence staining. Hepatic stellate cells were induced with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 in vitro, using Western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, and a cell scratch assay. RESULTS In a CCl4-induced mouse hepatic fibrosis model and in TGF-β1-activated HSC-T6 cells, BA markedly reduced fibrosis, as demonstrated by the dramatic downregulation of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and type I collagen alpha-1 (Col1α1) protein levels in vivo and in vitro. BA significantly suppressed the activity and expression of Lck in vitro. Overexpression of Lck may diminish the effect of BA on liver fibrosis. In vitro, BA also greatly increased the expression of suppressor of cytokine signalling 1 (SOCS1) while it considerably inhibited the expression of p-JAK and p-STAT1. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that BA promotes the expression of SOCS1 by the inhibiting the interaction between Lck and SOCS1, followed by the inhibition of JAK/STAT phosphorylation to prevent the progression of liver fibrosis. Therefore, BA could be used as a promising natural supplement for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizi Zhao
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Shiqi Feng
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yuhao Ding
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xin Deng
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Rui Feng
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jun Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Taotao Ma
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Cheng Huang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
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Park SY, Hisham Y, Shin HM, Yeom SC, Kim S. Interleukin-18 Binding Protein in Immune Regulation and Autoimmune Diseases. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071750. [PMID: 35885055 PMCID: PMC9313042 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural soluble antagonist and decoy receptor on the surface of the cell membrane are evolving as crucial immune system regulators as these molecules are capable of recognizing, binding, and neutralizing (so-called inhibitors) their targeted ligands. Eventually, these soluble antagonists and decoy receptors terminate signaling by prohibiting ligands from connecting to their receptors on the surface of cell membrane. Interleukin-18 binding protein (IL-18BP) participates in regulating both Th1 and Th2 cytokines. IL-18BP is a soluble neutralizing protein belonging to the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily as it harbors a single Ig domain. The Ig domain is essential for its binding to the IL-18 ligand and holds partial homology to the IL-1 receptor 2 (IL-1R2) known as a decoy receptor of IL-1α and IL-1β. IL-18BP was defined as a unique soluble IL-18BP that is distinct from IL-18Rα and IL-18Rβ chain. IL-18BP is encoded by a separated gene, contains 8 exons, and is located at chr.11 q13.4 within the human genome. In this review, we address the difference in the biological activity of IL-18BP isoforms, in the immunity balancing Th1 and Th2 immune response, its critical role in autoimmune diseases, as well as current clinical trials of recombinant IL-18BP (rIL-18BP) or equivalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Yong Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Yasmin Hisham
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Hyun Mu Shin
- System Immunology, Wide River Institute of Immunology, Collage of Medicine, Seoul National University, Hongcheon-gun 25159, Korea;
| | - Su Cheong Yeom
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea;
| | - Soohyun Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea;
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-457-0868
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Zheng LY, Zou X, Wang YL, Zou M, Ma F, Wang N, Li JW, Wang MS, Hung HY, Wang Q. Betulinic acid-nucleoside hybrid prevents acute alcohol -induced liver damage by promoting anti-oxidative stress and autophagy. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 914:174686. [PMID: 34883073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic abuse is one of the most serious causes of liver diseases worldwide. Although detailed molecular pathogenesis of alcohol-induced liver damages remains elusive with intensive debates, it has been widely recognized that hepatic damage caused by free radicals generated from alcohol metabolism is one of the most critical factors for alcohol-induced liver diseases. Betulinic acid is a potent antioxidant with additional known pharmacological safety characteristics and minimal toxicity. However, poor solubility limited its usage. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of BAN, a betulinic acid and nucleoside hybrid with good water solubility, in reversing acute liver damages using an established alcohol overdose animal model. The results indicated that BAN is an extremely promising therapeutic agent against acute alcohol-induced liver damage. BAN effectively protects liver from alcohol damage by reducing serum ALT level by up to 47%, as well as liver oxidative stress indicated by significantly increased SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px levels. Moreover, hepatic FXR activation and a corresponding downstream anti-oxidative stress transcriptional cascade including Nrf2, HO-1, and NOQ1 induce the protective role of BAN. On the other hand, BAN administration also leads to increase cellular autophagy response, as indicated by the key ATG protein activation. We concluded that BAN, comparing with Betulinic acid, prevents acute alcohol-induced liver damages more effectively, with the dual mechanisms of neutralizing oxidative stress and promoting autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yun Zheng
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Pharmacology of Liver Diseases, Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xi Zou
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Pharmacology of Liver Diseases, Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan-Li Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Prevention, Henan Institute of Reproductive Health Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Min Zou
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Pharmacology of Liver Diseases, Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fang Ma
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Pharmacology of Liver Diseases, Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Pharmacology of Liver Diseases, Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jia-Wen Li
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Pharmacology of Liver Diseases, Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ming-Sheng Wang
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Pharmacology of Liver Diseases, Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hsin-Yi Hung
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 701, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Qiang Wang
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Prevention, Henan Institute of Reproductive Health Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, China; High& New Technology Research Center, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, China.
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Zheng T, Song Z, Qiang J, Tao Y, Zhu H, Ma J, Xu P. Transport Stress Induces Skin Innate Immunity Response in Hybrid Yellow Catfish ( Tachysurus fulvidraco♀ × P. vachellii♂) Through TLR/NLR Signaling Pathways and Regulation of Mucus Secretion. Front Immunol 2021; 12:740359. [PMID: 34712228 PMCID: PMC8545808 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.740359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The transport of live fish is a necessary step for commercial production. The skin of teleost fish is the first non-specific immune barrier against exogenous stimuli, and it plays an important protective role under transport stress. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore the skin responses to transport stress in hybrid yellow catfish (Tachysurus fulvidraco♀ × Pseudobagrus vachellii♂) through transcriptome and biochemical analyses. Water samples were collected during a simulated transport treatment. Biochemical indexes and/or gene expression in blood, skin, and mucus in fish in control groups and transport-stress groups (0 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 16 h) were assayed. The levels of total ammonia-nitrogen and nitrite-nitrogen in the water increased with increasing transport time. Comparison of skin transcriptomes between the control group and the group subjected to 16 h of transport revealed 1547 differentially expressed genes (868 up-regulated and 679 down-regulated). The results of the transcriptome analysis were validated by analyses of the expression levels of selected genes by qRT-PCR. The results indicated that the toll-like receptors and nod-like receptors signaling pathways mediate the skin's immune response to transport stress: tlr9, mfn2, and ikbke were significantly up-regulated and nfkbia and map3k7cl were significantly down-regulated under transport stress. With increasing transport time, lysozyme activity and the immunoglobulin M content in skin mucus first increased and then decreased. The number of mucous cells peaked at 8 h of transport stress, and then decreased. The mucus cells changed from types II and IV to types I, II, III, and IV. The amounts of red and white blood cells and the levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit first increased and then decreased during 16 h of transport stress. Together, the results showed that the skin responds to transport stress by activating the immune signaling pathway and regulating mucus secretion. These findings have important biological significance for selecting strains that tolerate transport, as well as economic significance for optimizing the transport conditions for scaleless fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zheng
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhuo Song
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jun Qiang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Yifan Tao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Haojun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Junlei Ma
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Pao Xu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
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