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Boutefnouchet C, Aouras H, Khennouchi NCEH, Berredjem H, Rolain JM, Hadjadj L. Algerian postcaesarean surgical site infections: A cross-sectional investigation of the epidemiology, bacteriology, and antibiotic resistance profile. Am J Infect Control 2024; 52:456-462. [PMID: 37805027 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2023.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical site infections (SSIs) are one of the most common health care-associated infections in low and middle-income countries. The aims of this cross-sectional descriptive study were to estimate the frequency of postcaesarean infection with associated clinical characteristics and the antibiotic resistance profile of bacterial isolates. METHODS Patients who underwent a cesarean section at the obstetrics and gynecology department of the hospital in Annaba, Algeria were included. Each woman was followed postoperatively for 30 days and sociodemographic data were collected. Culture-based microbiological methods were used to identify the causative bacteria and determine their antibiotic resistance phenotype and molecular characterization. RESULTS Among 1,810 patients, we recorded 36 (1.9%) SSIs. Most patients had undergone an emergency delivery (75%) and low educational level (72.2%). The most frequent maternal pathologies were Body Mass Index ≥ 30 (63.9%), scarred uteri (58.3%), anemia (55.6%), and an American Society of Anaesthesiologists score between II and III (33.3%). Of the 43 bacteria isolated, Enterobacteriaceae were the most frequent (62.8%), predominated by Escherichia coli strains (43.5%), a majority of which were extended-spectrum β-lactamases carriers (62.9%). Although gram-positive cocci were less frequent (37.2%), a majority of Enterococcus faecalis (56.2%) were observed and 2 strains of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium harboring the vanA gene were identified. CONCLUSIONS Extensive surveillance of at-risk populations should be integrated to prevent the occurrence of SSIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chahinez Boutefnouchet
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Microbiologie Appliquée, Département de Biochimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Badji Mokhtar-Annaba, Algeria; Aix Marseille University, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Marseille Cedex 05, France; IHU Méditerranée Infection, France
| | - Hayet Aouras
- Etablissement Hospitalier de Santé Abdallah Nouaouria "'El Bouni"' Annaba, Algeria
| | - Nour Chems El Houda Khennouchi
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie des substances naturelles et applications, Université L'arbi Ben M'hidi, Oum El Bouaghi, Algeria
| | - Hajira Berredjem
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Microbiologie Appliquée, Département de Biochimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Badji Mokhtar-Annaba, Algeria
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- Aix Marseille University, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Marseille Cedex 05, France; IHU Méditerranée Infection, France
| | - Linda Hadjadj
- Aix Marseille University, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Marseille Cedex 05, France; IHU Méditerranée Infection, France.
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Fiore M, Corrente A, Di Franco S, Alfieri A, Pace MC, Martora F, Petrou S, Mauriello C, Leone S. Antimicrobial approach of abdominal post-surgical infections. World J Gastrointest Surg 2023; 15:2674-2692. [PMID: 38222012 PMCID: PMC10784838 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v15.i12.2674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Abdominal surgical site infections (SSIs) are infections that occur after abdominal surgery. They can be superficial, involving the skin tissue only, or more profound, involving deeper skin tissues including organs and implanted materials. Currently, SSIs are large global health problem with an incidence that varies significantly depending on the United Nations' Human Development Index. The purpose of this review is to provide a practical update on the latest available literature on SSIs, focusing on causative pathogens and treatment with an overview of the ongoing studies of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fiore
- Department of Women, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli,” Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Antonio Corrente
- Department of Women, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli,” Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Sveva Di Franco
- Department of Women, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli,” Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Aniello Alfieri
- Department of Women, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli,” Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Maria Caterina Pace
- Department of Women, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli,” Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Francesca Martora
- Unit of Virology and Microbiology, “Umberto I” Hospital, Nocera Inferiore 84018, Italy
| | - Stephen Petrou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
| | - Claudio Mauriello
- Department of General Surgery, “Santa Maria delle Grazie” Hospital, Pozzuoli 80078, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Leone
- Division of Infectious Diseases, “San Giuseppe Moscati” Hospital, Avellino 83100, Italy
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Mutlu S, Ozkaya E. Evaluation of Pregnancy, Delivery, and Postpartum Effectiveness of Maternity School Trainings Organized Based on the Guideline of Ministry of Health in Turkey: A Comparative Study. Int J Prev Med 2022; 12:173. [PMID: 35070206 PMCID: PMC8724798 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_391_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are uncertainties and contradictions in the literature about the effectiveness of maternity schools. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of prenatal trainings performed in an institutional and disciplined manner. Methods This study was prospectively conducted between 2018 and 2019, and 245 primiparous pregnant women who gave birth in our hospital were examined. On a volunteer basis, a study group (n = 108) was created including patients who attended the maternity school trainings and a control group was created including patients who did not attend these trainings (n = 137). Both groups were compared in terms of caesarean section rates, active phase periods of birth, visual analogue scale (VAS) during active labor, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) score, time from birth to first skin contact, newborn Apgar scores, and admission rates to the neonatal intensive care unit. Results Cesarean section rates were significantly lower in the maternity school group (21.1% versus 29.19%). In the maternity school group, the active phase period of delivery was shorter (p < 0.001), VAS was lower during active labor (p < 0.001), and EDPS score was lower (p < 0.001). Education level was higher in the maternity school group than in the control group (p < 0.001). Conclusions Institutional and disciplined antenatal pregnancy trainings provide significant benefits during pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum period depression by especially reducing the rates of cesarean section and postpartum depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Mutlu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Enis Ozkaya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zeynep Kamil Women and Children's Health Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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Alsammani MA, Nasralla K. Fetal and Maternal Outcomes in Women With Major Placenta Previa Among Sudanese Women: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2021; 13:e14467. [PMID: 33996326 PMCID: PMC8118616 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.14467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Placenta previa is a major obstetric problem with high rates of fetomaternal mortality and morbidity. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and fetal and maternal outcomes of major degree placenta previa among Sudanese women. Method This is a prospective descriptive study conducted in the period from January 1 to June 30, 2109, at Omdurman Maternity Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan. Fetal and maternal complications associated with major degree placenta were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results The total number of deliveries was 22,000, of which 87 cases were of major degree placenta previa, giving a prevalence rate of 0.4%, the hysterectomies rate was 23% (n= 20), and the total maternal deaths were 6.9% (n= 6). Intraoperative interventions used to control the bleeding were multiple hemostatic sutures in 34.5% (n=30) of cases, followed by uterine backing (20.7%; n= 18), and uterine artery ligation (12.6%; n=11). The common reported maternal complications were bladder injuries (28.7%; n= 25) followed by bowel injuries (4.6%; n=5). Of all mothers, 48.27% (n=42) were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Of all deliveries, 26.4% (n=23) were preterm, and 38% (n=33) of neonates were admitted to the newborn intensive care unit (NICU), and 9.2% (n=8) were fresh stillbirth (FSB). Conclusion Neonatal complications were comparable to other studies but maternal deaths were relatively high. The study indicated the need for effective management protocols and more training of the medical staff in order to overcome the problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Alkhatim Alsammani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, SAU.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Bahri, Khartoum, SDN
| | - Khalid Nasralla
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, SAU
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Dégbey C, Kpozehouen A, Coulibaly D, Chigblo P, Avakoudjo J, Ouendo EM, Hans-Moevi A. Prevalence and Factors Associated With Surgical Site Infections in the University Clinics of Traumatology and Urology of the National University Hospital Centre Hubert Koutoukou Maga in Cotonou. Front Public Health 2021; 9:629351. [PMID: 33643993 PMCID: PMC7902708 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.629351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Study the prevalence and factors associated with the occurrence of surgical site infections in University Clinics of Trauma-Orthopedics, Reconstructive Surgery and Urology in a developing country. Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive and analytical study of 384 people operated on during the period of 2019. Logistic regression was used to study the factors associated with surgical site infections. The associations between the dependent variable and the other variables were assessed by the odds ratio (OR) followed by their 95% confidence interval. Results: The prevalence of surgical site infections was 7.81% CI 95% = (5.12-10.51). The factors linked to the surgical site infections in the studied population were the patient's admission method [OR = 2.74; 95% CI = (1.08-6.95)] and the length of the postoperative stay [OR = 8.75; 95% CI = (2.83-26.98)]. The interview and direct observation identified health care system dysfunctions, medical errors, patient monitoring and financial unavailability as factors that could favor the onset of surgical site infections. Conclusion: Interventions should be focused on the factors identified for the effective management of operated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyriaque Dégbey
- Regional Institute of Public Health, University of Abomey-Calavi, Ouidah, Benin.,University Hospital Hygiene Clinic, National University Hospital Centre Hubert Koutoukou Maga, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Alphonse Kpozehouen
- Regional Institute of Public Health, University of Abomey-Calavi, Ouidah, Benin
| | - Drissa Coulibaly
- Regional Institute of Public Health, University of Abomey-Calavi, Ouidah, Benin
| | - Pascal Chigblo
- University Clinic for Traumatology-Orthopedics and Reconstructive Surgery, Centre National University Hospitalier Hubert Koutoukou Maga, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Josué Avakoudjo
- University Urology Clinic, National University Hospital Centre Hubert Koutoukou Maga, Cotonou, Benin
| | | | - Aristote Hans-Moevi
- University Clinic for Traumatology-Orthopedics and Reconstructive Surgery, Centre National University Hospitalier Hubert Koutoukou Maga, Cotonou, Benin
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Romero Viamonte K, Salvent Tames A, Sepúlveda Correa R, Rojo Manteca MV, Martín-Suárez A. Compliance with antibiotic prophylaxis guidelines in caesarean delivery: a retrospective, drug utilization study (indication-prescription type) at an Ecuadorian hospital. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2021; 10:12. [PMID: 33436096 PMCID: PMC7805169 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-020-00843-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis is essential for preventing surgical site infection (SSI). The aim of this study was to evaluate compliance with international and local recommendations in caesarean deliveries carried out at the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Service of the Ambato General Hospital, as well as any related health and economic consequences. METHODS A retrospective indication-prescription drug utilization study was conducted using data from caesarean deliveries occurred in 2018. A clinical pharmacist assessed guidelines compliance based on the following criteria: administration of antibiotic prophylaxis, antibiotic selection, dose, time of administration and duration. The relationship between the frequency of SSI and other variables, including guideline compliance, was analysed. The cost associated with the antibiotic used was compared with the theoretical cost considering total compliance with recommendations. Descriptive statistics, Odds Ratio and Pearson Chi Square were used for data analysis by IBM SPSS Statistics version 25. RESULTS The study included 814 patients with an average age of 30.87 ± 5.50 years old. Among the caesarean sections, 68.67% were emergency interventions; 3.44% lasted longer than four hours and in 0.25% of the deliveries blood loss was greater than 1.5 L. Only 69.90% of patients received preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis; however, 100% received postoperative antibiotic treatment despite disagreement with guideline recommendations (duration: 6.75 ± 1.39 days). The use of antibiotic prophylaxis was more frequent in scheduled than in emergency caesarean sections (OR = 2.79, P = 0.000). Nevertheless, the timing of administration, antibiotic selection and dose were more closely adhered to guideline recommendations. The incidence of surgical site infection was 1.35%, but tended to increase in patients who had not received preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis (OR = 1.33, P = 0.649). Also, a significant relationship was found between SSI and patient age (χ2 = 8.08, P = 0.036). The mean expenditure on antibiotics per patient was 5.7 times greater than that the cost derived from compliance with international recommendations. CONCLUSIONS Surgical antibiotic prophylaxis compliance was far below guideline recommendations, especially with respect to implementation and duration. This not only poses a risk to patients but leads to unnecessary expenditure on medicines. Therefore, this justifies the need for educational interventions and the implementation of institutional protocols involving pharmacists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Romero Viamonte
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Technical University of Ambato, Ambato, Ecuador
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | | | - María Victoria Rojo Manteca
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Provincial Pharmacists Chamber, Ávila, Spain
| | - Ana Martín-Suárez
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Mekonnen AG, Mittiku YM. Surgical site infection and its association with rupture of membrane following cesarean section in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies. Matern Health Neonatol Perinatol 2021; 7:2. [PMID: 33388090 PMCID: PMC7777267 DOI: 10.1186/s40748-020-00122-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Surgical site infection occurs within 30 days after a surgical procedure and involves the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and soft tissue. Surgical site infection following cesarean section is a common postoperative complication and is associated with maternal morbidity and mortality in resource-limited settings. Even though the proportion of surgical site infection and some risk factors were reported by kinds of literature, varying results were stated across studies. There is also limited knowledge on the association between postpartum surgical site infection and the rupture of membrane. Hence, this systematic review and meta-analysis was designed to estimate the pooled proportion of surgical site infection and its association with rupture of membrane following cesarean section in Africa. Methods Studies published from January 01, 2000 to January 30, 2020 were searched from MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, Medscape, Web-science and CINAHL databases to search relevant published articles. We also performed a manual search of reference lists of key articles to retrieve additional relevant articles. Initially, 559 records were identified and 15 studies included in the analysis. The statistical analysis was performed using STATA 11. Heterogeneity between-study was explored by forest plot and inconsistency index (I2). The publication bias was checked by a funnel plot and Egger’s test. Pooled estimates of proportion and odds ratio were calculated by a random-effects model with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results The overall pooled proportion of surgical site infection following cesarean section was 10.21% (I2 = 86.8, p < 0.000; 95% CI = 8.36, 12.06). The odds of developing surgical site infection among women who had the rupture of membrane before delivery were nearly 6 times higher than those who had not a rupture of the membrane (AOR = 5.65, 95% CI: 3.95–8.07). Conclusions The proportion of surgical site infections following the cesarean section is relatively high. Women who had rupture of the membrane before delivery were more likely to develop surgical site infections following the cesarean section. Due attention should be given to the provision of prophylactic antibiotics that can reduce surgical site infection after cesarean delivery. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40748-020-00122-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alemayehu Gonie Mekonnen
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Science, Debre Berhan University, Po. Box. 445, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia.
| | - Yohannes Moges Mittiku
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Berhan University, Po. Box. 445, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
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MUTLU S, YURTÇU E. KARABÜK İLİNDEKİ; GEBELERİN, GEBE YAKINLARININ, SOSYAL ÇEVRELERİNİN VE SOSYO-EKONOMİK ŞARTLARININ DOĞUM ŞEKLİNE ETKİLERİ. KONURALP TIP DERGISI 2020. [DOI: 10.18521/ktd.597745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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