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Ratvaj M, Maruščáková IC, Popelka P, Fečkaninová A, Koščová J, Chomová N, Mareš J, Malý O, Žitňan R, Faldyna M, Mudroňová D. Feeding-Regime-Dependent Intestinal Response of Rainbow Trout after Administration of a Novel Probiotic Feed. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1892. [PMID: 37370408 DOI: 10.3390/ani13121892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Intensive fish farming is associated with a high level of stress, causing immunosuppression. Immunomodulators of natural origin, such as probiotics or phytoadditives, represent a promising alternative for increasing the immune function of fish. In this study, we tested the autochthonous trout probiotic strain L. plantarum R2 in a newly developed, low-cost application form ensuring the rapid revitalization of bacteria. We tested continuous and cyclic feeding regimes with regard to their effect on the intestinal immune response and microbiota of rainbow trout. We found that during the continuous application of probiotic feed, the immune system adapts to the immunomodulator and there is no substantial stimulation of the intestinal immune response. During the cyclic treatment, after a 3-week break in probiotic feeding and the reintroduction of probiotics, there was a significant stimulation of the gene expression of molecules associated with both cellular and humoral immunity (CD8, TGF-β, IL8, TLR9), without affecting the gene expression for IL1 and TNF-α. We can conclude that, in aquaculture, this probiotic feed can be used with a continuous application, which does not cause excessive immunostimulation, or with a cyclic application, which provides the opportunity to stimulate the immunity of trout, for example, in periods of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Ratvaj
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ivana Cingeľová Maruščáková
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Peter Popelka
- Department of Food Hygiene, Technology, and Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Adriána Fečkaninová
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Jana Koščová
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Natália Chomová
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Jan Mareš
- Department of Zoology, Fisheries, Hydrobiology and Apiculture, Mendel University, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Malý
- Department of Zoology, Fisheries, Hydrobiology and Apiculture, Mendel University, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Rudolf Žitňan
- Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra, National Agricultural and Food Center, 95141 Lužianky, Slovakia
| | - Martin Faldyna
- Veterinary Research Institute, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Mudroňová
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
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Konieczka P, Ferenc K, Jørgensen JN, Hansen LH, Zabielski R, Olszewski J, Gajewski Z, Mazur-Kuśnirek M, Szkopek D, Szyryńska N, Lipiński K. Feeding Bacillus-based probiotics to gestating and lactating sows is an efficient method for improving immunity, gut functional status and biofilm formation by probiotic bacteria in piglets at weaning. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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Karaffová V, Mudroňová D, Mad’ar M, Hrčková G, Faixová D, Gancarčíková S, Ševčíková Z, Nemcová R. Differences in Immune Response and Biochemical Parameters of Mice Fed by Kefir Milk and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Isolated from the Kefir Grains. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9040831. [PMID: 33919782 PMCID: PMC8070708 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The health benefits of kefir consumption have been well-known for hundreds of years. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of kefir milk and the probiotic strain Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Ž2 isolated from kefir grains on the immune response and selected parameters of the lipid and liver enzymatic profiles of mice. Mice fed with kefir milk showed significantly increased phagocytic activity and percentages of B cells in the blood and increased gene expression for mucins and percentages of CD8+ lymphocytes in the gut. By applying kefir, we achieved a significant reduction in serum LDL cholesterol and an LDL/HDL ratio that favored an increase in HDL cholesterol. Regarding the hepatic enzymes, in particular a significant reduction in ALT activity was observed. L. paracasei Ž2 alone stimulated the immune response more markedly compared with kefir milk. Regarding the systemic level, we observed increases in the proportion of all T cells (CD3+), CD4+ lymphocytes and the ratio of CD4+:CD8+ cells, and regarding the local intestinal level we noted a significant increase in gene expression for mucins (MUC-1 and MUC-2) and IgA. Moreover, we confirmed the formation of a biofilm on the surface of the forestomach only after the application of L. paracasei Ž2 alone, but not after kefir administration. The results confirmed the hypothesis that the final effect of the probiotic does not correspond with the effect of the individual strain but is the result of mutual interactions of the microorganisms presented in a preparation, and therefore in the case of multi-strain probiotics, in vivo testing of the complex preparation is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viera Karaffová
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia; (V.K.); (Z.Š.)
| | - Dagmar Mudroňová
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia; (M.M.); (D.F.); (S.G.); (R.N.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Marián Mad’ar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia; (M.M.); (D.F.); (S.G.); (R.N.)
| | - Gabriela Hrčková
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 04001 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Dominika Faixová
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia; (M.M.); (D.F.); (S.G.); (R.N.)
| | - Soňa Gancarčíková
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia; (M.M.); (D.F.); (S.G.); (R.N.)
| | - Zuzana Ševčíková
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia; (V.K.); (Z.Š.)
| | - Radomíra Nemcová
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia; (M.M.); (D.F.); (S.G.); (R.N.)
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Kuo JT, Chang LL, Yen CY, Tsai TH, Chang YC, Huang YT, Chung YC. Development of Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization as a Rapid, Accurate Method for Detecting Coliforms in Water Samples. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2020; 11:bios11010008. [PMID: 33374317 PMCID: PMC7824014 DOI: 10.3390/bios11010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Coliform bacteria are indicators of water quality; however, most detection methods for coliform bacteria are time-consuming and nonspecific. Here, we developed a fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) approach to detect four types of coliform bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Citrobacter freundii, simultaneously in water samples using specific probes for 16S rRNA. This FISH method was applied to detect coliform bacteria in simulated water and domestic wastewater samples and compared with traditional detection methods (e.g., plate counting, multiple-tube fermentation (MTF) technique, and membrane filter (MF) technique). Optimal FISH conditions for detecting the four types of coliforms were found to be fixation in 3% paraformaldehyde at 4 °C for 2 h and hybridization at 50 °C for 1.5 h. By comparing FISH with plate counting, MTF, MF, and a commercial detection kit, we found that FISH had the shortest detection time and highest accuracy for the identification of coliform bacteria in simulated water and domestic wastewater samples. Moreover, the developed method could simultaneously detect individual species and concentrations of coliform bacteria. Overall, our findings indicated that FISH could be used as a rapid, accurate biosensor system for simultaneously detecting four types of coliform bacteria to ensure water safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Tar Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China University of Science and Technology, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (J.-T.K.); (C.-Y.Y.); (Y.-C.C.); (Y.-T.H.)
| | - Li-Li Chang
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan;
| | - Chia-Yuan Yen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China University of Science and Technology, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (J.-T.K.); (C.-Y.Y.); (Y.-C.C.); (Y.-T.H.)
| | - Teh-Hua Tsai
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Chi Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China University of Science and Technology, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (J.-T.K.); (C.-Y.Y.); (Y.-C.C.); (Y.-T.H.)
| | - Yu-Tang Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China University of Science and Technology, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (J.-T.K.); (C.-Y.Y.); (Y.-C.C.); (Y.-T.H.)
| | - Ying-Chien Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China University of Science and Technology, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (J.-T.K.); (C.-Y.Y.); (Y.-C.C.); (Y.-T.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-22782-1862; Fax: +886-22786-5456
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Konieczka P, Nowicka K, Madar M, Taciak M, Smulikowska S. Effects of pea extrusion and enzyme and probiotic supplementation on performance, microbiota activity and biofilm formation in the broiler gastrointestinal tract. Br Poult Sci 2018; 59:654-662. [PMID: 30070146 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2018.1507017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
1. The effects of supplementation of broiler chicken diets with pea meal, carbohydrase enzymes and a probiotic were investigated for potential performance improvement. 2. Raw or extruded pea meal (cv Model, grown in Poland) was included in a wheat-soybean meal-based diet at 250 g/kg. The diets were unsupplemented (control) or supplemented with either carbohydrase enzymes (200 U/kg xylanase and 10 U/kg β-glucanase in feed) or a probiotic (Bacillus subtilis), or both. The diets were fed to Ross 308 broilers aged 9-28 days. 3. After two additional days, chick gastrointestinal tracts were excised and analysed for the presence of Bacillus subtilis biofilm; and the ileal and caecal digesta were analysed for bacterial enzyme activities and to determine the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). 4. Feeding the pea-based diet supplemented with the probiotic compromised feed utilisation, due to higher feed intake. The addition of enzymes to the raw, but not the extruded, pea containing diet partially ameliorated this effect (pea form × additives; P < 0.002). 5. In the ileal digesta, interactions between the dietary treatments were observed for the activities of all bacterial glycolytic enzymes and for SCFA concentrations. β-glucosidase, α-galactosidase and β-glucuronidase were highest in birds fed the diet containing extruded pea supplemented with the probiotic and enzymes (pea form x additives; P = 0.018 to P < 0.006). In the caecal digesta, interactions were observed for bacterial enzyme activities, but not for total SCFA concentration. Biofilm formation in the caecum indicated that the probiotic strain was metabolically active in the broiler gut. 6. In conclusion, supplementation of diets containing raw or extruded pea meal with enzymes and a Bacillus subtilis spore-based probiotic modulated microbiota activity but had no clear effects on broiler performance. Probiotic administration did not cause excessive fermentation in the ileum and caecum but enhanced Bacillus subtilis spp. biofilm formation in the caecum, which may be indicative of a beneficial effect on gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Konieczka
- a Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition , Polish Academy of Sciences , Jabłonna , Poland
| | - K Nowicka
- a Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition , Polish Academy of Sciences , Jabłonna , Poland
| | - M Madar
- b Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology , University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice , Kosice , Slovakia
| | - M Taciak
- a Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition , Polish Academy of Sciences , Jabłonna , Poland
| | - S Smulikowska
- a Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition , Polish Academy of Sciences , Jabłonna , Poland
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Yadav R, Shukla P. An overview of advanced technologies for selection of probiotics and their expediency: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:3233-3242. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1108957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Yadav
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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