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Ratvaj M, Maruščáková IC, Popelka P, Fečkaninová A, Koščová J, Chomová N, Mareš J, Malý O, Žitňan R, Faldyna M, Mudroňová D. Feeding-Regime-Dependent Intestinal Response of Rainbow Trout after Administration of a Novel Probiotic Feed. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1892. [PMID: 37370408 DOI: 10.3390/ani13121892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Intensive fish farming is associated with a high level of stress, causing immunosuppression. Immunomodulators of natural origin, such as probiotics or phytoadditives, represent a promising alternative for increasing the immune function of fish. In this study, we tested the autochthonous trout probiotic strain L. plantarum R2 in a newly developed, low-cost application form ensuring the rapid revitalization of bacteria. We tested continuous and cyclic feeding regimes with regard to their effect on the intestinal immune response and microbiota of rainbow trout. We found that during the continuous application of probiotic feed, the immune system adapts to the immunomodulator and there is no substantial stimulation of the intestinal immune response. During the cyclic treatment, after a 3-week break in probiotic feeding and the reintroduction of probiotics, there was a significant stimulation of the gene expression of molecules associated with both cellular and humoral immunity (CD8, TGF-β, IL8, TLR9), without affecting the gene expression for IL1 and TNF-α. We can conclude that, in aquaculture, this probiotic feed can be used with a continuous application, which does not cause excessive immunostimulation, or with a cyclic application, which provides the opportunity to stimulate the immunity of trout, for example, in periods of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Ratvaj
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ivana Cingeľová Maruščáková
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Peter Popelka
- Department of Food Hygiene, Technology, and Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Adriána Fečkaninová
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Jana Koščová
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Natália Chomová
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Jan Mareš
- Department of Zoology, Fisheries, Hydrobiology and Apiculture, Mendel University, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Malý
- Department of Zoology, Fisheries, Hydrobiology and Apiculture, Mendel University, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Rudolf Žitňan
- Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra, National Agricultural and Food Center, 95141 Lužianky, Slovakia
| | - Martin Faldyna
- Veterinary Research Institute, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Mudroňová
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
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Sabová L, Cingeľová Maruščáková I, Koleničová S, Mudroňová D, Holečková B, Sabo R, Sobeková A, Majchrák T, Ratvaj M. The adverse effects of synthetic acaricide tau-fluvalinate (tech.) on winter adult honey bees. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 92:103861. [PMID: 35398274 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Currently several pyrethroids (e.g., flumethrin and tau-fluvalinate) are used in apiculture worldwide as acaricides/miticides. The long half-lives of pyrethroids in synthetic acaricides applied to hive matrices, may adversely affect the health of bee colony. The potentially adverse effects of synthetic acaricide/miticide tau-fluvalinate (tech.) on winter honeybees were assessed in this study (OECD 245 2017). No dose-dependent mortality in in vitro reared winter honeybees was observed after chronic oral 10-day exposure to syrup (50% w/v) spiked with a maximum concentration of 750 μg a.i./kg diet and its 1/10 concentration. The No Observed Effect Concentration is ≥ 750 μg a.i./kg diet. Tau-fluvalinate testing for the sublethal effects on bee immune system showed up-regulated gene expression encoding abaecin, lysozyme, and defensin in both tested groups, however the expression of hymenoptaecin gene was reduced. Moreover, tau-fluvalinate significantly induced levels of DNA damage in exposed bees, which can result in adverse genotoxic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Sabová
- University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia.
| | | | - Simona Koleničová
- University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Dagmar Mudroňová
- University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Beata Holečková
- University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Rastislav Sabo
- University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Anna Sobeková
- University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Tomáš Majchrák
- University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Marek Ratvaj
- University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
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Cingeľová Maruščáková I, Schusterová P, Popelka P, Gancarčíková S, Csank T, Fečkaninová A, Ratvaj M, Mudroňová D. Effect of autochthonous lactobacilli on immunologically important molecules of rainbow trout after bacterial infection studied on intestinal primoculture. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2021; 119:379-383. [PMID: 34687878 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the aquaculture industry is one of the fastest growing industries. Intensive aquaculture has a negative impact on fish health. Probiotic bacteria are often used due to beneficial effect to health of host, e.i. decrease of diseases outbreaks, immunomodulatory effect or better utilization of feed. The aim of this work was to study the influence of probiotic bacteria on the immune response of trout intestinal cells in primoculture infected with pathogenic bacteria. In the experiment, we tested the effect of pre-treatment of intestinal cells with an autochthonous strain of Lactobacillus plantarum R2 Biocenol™ (CCM 8674) following infection with the most serious salmonid pathogens - Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida (CCM 1307) and Yersinia ruckeri (CCM 6093). Tested probiotic strain reduced inflammation after A. salmonicida infection through decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines. In contrast, after infection with Y. ruckeri, which causes immunosuppression, the probiotic strain stimulated immunity by up-regulation of expression of proinflammatory cytokines and suppressed the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines. These results are a prerequisite for the immunomodulatory potential of the strain, but its action must be confirmed in subsequent in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Cingeľová Maruščáková
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Petra Schusterová
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Popelka
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Soňa Gancarčíková
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Tomáš Csank
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Adriána Fečkaninová
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmacognozy and Botany, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Marek Ratvaj
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Dagmar Mudroňová
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81, Košice, Slovak Republic.
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