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Cardoso PIFDC, Grisi CVB, Vieira ÉDA, de Almeida DKL, Cardarelli HR. Cereal flours with Bacillus coagulans and beta-glucan: Technological properties and sensory acceptability. Food Chem 2024; 448:139146. [PMID: 38569414 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop three formulations of cereal flours: control cereal flour (CCF), probiotic cereal flour (PCF), and symbiotic cereal flour (SCF), and porridges from the flours were manufactured as a functional food. No significant differences were observed in the microbiological quality and the color of the flours for 150 days. The technological and functional potential of the flours were variously improved with the addition of Bacillus coagulans as a probiotic and beta-glucan as a prebiotic. The addition of beta-glucan fiber did not change the viability of the probiotic, which was higher than 7.45 log CFU/g for SCF and 7.13 log CFU/g for PCF until the end of the storage period. All porridge samples showed non-Newtonian fluid behavior with pseudoplastic characteristics; and the PCF and SCF porridges differed regarding the parameters of hardness (1.10 to 1.38 N), adhesiveness (5.88 to 8.86 mJ), cohesiveness (0.78 to 0.95) and gumminess (0.93 to 1.52 N) over time. The addition of the beta-glucan prebiotic interfered with these attributes due to its gelling capacity in the presence of water. The PCF obtained the best sensory acceptance scores when compared to the other formulations. The addition of Bacillus coagulans and beta-glucan did not interfere with thermographic behavior. The SCF differed in the observed crystallinity parameters from CCF and PCF, with the presence of larger solids and agglomerates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Izabela Felinto da Costa Cardoso
- Postgraduation Program in Food Science and Technology, Department of Food Engineering, Technology Center, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | - Érica de Andrade Vieira
- Postgraduation Program in Food Science and Technology, Department of Food Engineering, Technology Center, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Dayanne Kelly Lopes de Almeida
- Department of Food Technology, Center for Technology and Regional Development, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Haíssa Roberta Cardarelli
- Postgraduation Program in Food Science and Technology, Department of Food Engineering, Technology Center, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil; Department of Food Technology, Center for Technology and Regional Development, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
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2
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Walden KE, Hagele AM, Orr LS, Gross KN, Krieger JM, Jäger R, Kerksick CM. Probiotic BC30 Improves Amino Acid Absorption from Plant Protein Concentrate in Older Women. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:125-137. [PMID: 36515888 PMCID: PMC10850210 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-10028-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Weizmannia coagulans GBI-30, 6086 (BC30) has previously been shown to increase protein digestion in an in vitro model of the stomach and small intestine and amino acid appearance in healthy men and women after ingestion of milk protein concentrate. The impact of ingesting BC30 with other protein sources or in other demographics is largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of adding BC30 to a 20-g dose of a blend of rice and pea protein on postprandial changes in blood amino acids concentrations in healthy, older women. Healthy, older females (n = 30, 58.5 ± 5.2 years, 165.4 ± 6.8 cm, 65.6 ± 8.8 kg, 23.7 ± 3.2 kg/m2) completed two separate 14-day supplementation protocols separated by a 3-week washout period. Participants were instructed to ingest a 20-g protein dose of a blend of rice and pea protein concentrates (ProDiem Plant Protein Solutions, Kerry) with (PPCBC30) or without (PPC) the addition of 1 × 109 CFU BC30 (Kerry). Body composition and demographics were assessed upon arrival to the laboratory. Upon ingestion of their final assigned supplemental dose, blood samples were taken at 0 (baseline), 30-, 60-, 90-, 120-, 180-, and 240-min post-consumption and analyzed for amino acid concentrations. Alanine (p = 0.018), tryptophan (p = 0.003), cysteine (p = 0.041), essential amino acids (p = 0.050), and total amino acids (p = 0.039) all exhibited significantly (p ≤ 0.05) greater AUC with PPCBC30 when compared to PPC. In addition, tryptophan (p = 0.003), cysteine (p = 0.021), essential amino acids (p = 0.049), and total amino acids (p = 0.035) displayed significantly greater (p ≤ 0.05) concentration maximum (CMax) values in PPCBC30 when compared to PPC. Finally, time to reach CMax (TMax) was similar between conditions with 80% of all measured amino acids and amino acid combinations achieving CMax at a similar time (~ 60 min). Only phenylalanine TMax was found to be different (p = 0.01) between the two conditions with PPC displaying a greater proportion of TMax values after 30 min. Following qualitative (non-inferential) assessment, 88% of all measured outcomes achieved a higher AUC with PPCBC30 and 100% of all outcomes achieved a higher CMax with PPCBC30. In concert with previous findings in a younger mixed gender cohort with milk protein, the addition of BC30 to a daily 20-g dose of plant protein concentrate in healthy older women improved AUC and CMax values in several individual amino acids and amino acid combinations. Retrospectively registered on April 6, 2022, at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT05313178.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie E Walden
- Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO, USA
| | - Anthony M Hagele
- Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO, USA
| | - Logan S Orr
- Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO, USA
| | - Kristen N Gross
- Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO, USA
| | - Joesi M Krieger
- Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO, USA
| | | | - Chad M Kerksick
- Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO, USA.
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3
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Bailey T, Franczyk AJ, Goldberg EM, House JD. Impact of cooking on the protein quality of Russet potatoes. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:8131-8142. [PMID: 38107092 PMCID: PMC10724643 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite being low in crude protein, on a fresh weight basis, given their overall contribution to the North American diet, potatoes contribute approximately 2%-4% of the population's protein intake. However, the quality of the protein remains ill-defined. To that end, Russet potatoes were secured and subjected to various cooking conditions (raw [control], boiled, baked, microwaved, and fried [3, 6, and 9 min]) to determine the impact of cooking method on protein quality, as determined by amino acid score (AAS) and indices of in vivo true fecal protein digestibility (TFPD%; rodent bioassay) and in vitro protein digestibility (pH-drop, pH-Stat, and simulated gastrointestinal digestion both static and dynamic). The AAS of raw Russet potatoes was 0.67 ± 0.01, with histidine being the limiting AA. Frying led to a significant reduction in the AAS, however, other cooking methods yielded similar results to the raw control. The TFPD% of raw potato was low (40.5% ± 3.9%) and was significantly enhanced to over 80% with all cooking methods. Similar patterns were observed with all in vitro measures, however, all methods yielded higher values for the raw control samples. Final protein digestibility-corrected AAS (PDCAAS; product of AAS and TFPD%) values ranged from 0.27 (raw) to a high of 0.57 (boiled), with cooked values being comparable to other plant-based protein sources, including grains, and some nuts and pulses. In vitro PDCAAS values followed similar trends. This study defined the protein quality of cooked Russet potatoes and provides data for use in defining the quality of total protein consumed in the North American diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taryn Bailey
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional SciencesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
| | - Adam J. Franczyk
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional SciencesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
| | - Erin M. Goldberg
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional SciencesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
| | - James D. House
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional SciencesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
- Richardson Centre for Food Technology and ResearchUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
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Li T, Rui Z, Mao L, Chang Y, Shao J, Chen Y, Han Q, Sui X, An N, Li H, Feng H, Jiang T, Wang Q. Eight Weeks of Bifidobacterium lactis BL-99 Supplementation Improves Lipid Metabolism and Sports Performance through Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Cross-Country Skiers: A Preliminary Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:4554. [PMID: 37960207 PMCID: PMC10648242 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Probiotics in the form of nutritional supplements are safe and potentially useful for strategic application among endurance athletes. Bifidobacterium animalis lactis BL-99 (BL-99) was isolated from the intestines of healthy Chinese infants. We combined plasma-targeted metabolomics and fecal metagenomics to explore the effect of 8 weeks of BL-99 supplementation on cross-country skiers' metabolism and sports performance. (2) Methods: Sixteen national top-level male cross-country skiers were recruited and randomly divided into a placebo group (C) and a BL-99 group (E). The participants took the supplements four times/day (with each of three meals and at 21:00) consistently for 8 weeks. The experiment was conducted in a single-blind randomized fashion. The subject's dietary intake and total daily energy consumption were recorded. Blood and stool samples were collected before and after the 8-week intervention, and body composition, muscle strength, blood biochemical parameters, plasma-targeted metabolomic data, and fecal metagenomic data were then analyzed. (3) Results: The following changes occurred after 8 weeks of BL-99 supplementation: (a) There was no significant difference in the average total daily energy consumption and body composition between the C and E groups. (b) The VO2max and 60°/s and 180°/s knee joint extensor strength significantly increased in both the C and E groups. By the eighth week, the VO2max and 60 s knee-joint extensor strength were significantly higher in the E group than in the C group. (c) The triglyceride levels significantly decreased in both the C and E groups. In addition, the LDL-C levels significantly decreased in the E group. (d) The abundance of Bifidobacterium animalis increased two-fold in the C group and forty-fold in the E group. (e) Plasma-targeted metabolomic analysis showed that, after eight weeks of BL-99 supplementation, the increases in DHA, adrenic acid, linoleic acid, and acetic acid and decreases in glycocholic acid and glycodeoxycholic acid in the E group were significantly higher than those in the C group. (f) Spearman correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between Bifidobacterium animalis' abundance and SCFAs, PUFAs, and bile acids. (g) There was a significant correlation between the most significantly regulated metabolites and indicators related to sports performance and lipid metabolism. (4) Conclusions: Eight weeks of BL-99 supplementation combined with training may help to improve lipid metabolism and sports performance by increasing the abundance of Bifidobacterium, which can promote the generation of short-chain fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids, and inhibit the synthesis of bile acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tieying Li
- Sports Nutrition Center, National Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
- Key Lab of Sports Nutrition, State General Administration of Sport of China, Beijing 100029, China
- National Testing & Research Center for Sports Nutrition, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zihan Rui
- College of Exercise Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Letian Mao
- College of Exercise & Health Science, Xi’an Physical Education University, Xi’an 710068, China
| | - Yashan Chang
- Sports Nutrition Center, National Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
- Key Lab of Sports Nutrition, State General Administration of Sport of China, Beijing 100029, China
- National Testing & Research Center for Sports Nutrition, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jing Shao
- Sports Nutrition Center, National Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
- Key Lab of Sports Nutrition, State General Administration of Sport of China, Beijing 100029, China
- National Testing & Research Center for Sports Nutrition, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Sports Nutrition Center, National Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
- Key Lab of Sports Nutrition, State General Administration of Sport of China, Beijing 100029, China
- National Testing & Research Center for Sports Nutrition, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qi Han
- Sports Nutrition Center, National Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
- Key Lab of Sports Nutrition, State General Administration of Sport of China, Beijing 100029, China
- National Testing & Research Center for Sports Nutrition, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xuemei Sui
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Nan An
- Sports Nutrition Center, National Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
- Key Lab of Sports Nutrition, State General Administration of Sport of China, Beijing 100029, China
- National Testing & Research Center for Sports Nutrition, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Haoqiu Li
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010110, China
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010110, China
| | - Haotian Feng
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010110, China
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010110, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- College of Exercise & Health Science, Xi’an Physical Education University, Xi’an 710068, China
| | - Qirong Wang
- Sports Nutrition Center, National Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
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Marttinen M, Anjum M, Saarinen MT, Ahonen I, Lehtinen MJ, Nurminen P, Laitila A. Enhancing Bioaccessibility of Plant Protein Using Probiotics: An In Vitro Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:3905. [PMID: 37764689 PMCID: PMC10535511 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As plant-based diets become more popular, there is an interest in developing innovations to improve the bioaccessibility of plant protein. In this study, seven probiotic strains (Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis B420, B. lactis Bl-04, Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus HN001, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei Lpc-37, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Lp-115, and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis Ll-23) were evaluated for their capacity to hydrolyze soy and pea protein ingredients in an in vitro digestion model of the upper gastrointestinal tract (UGIT). Compared to the control digestion of protein without a probiotic, all the studied strains were able to increase the digestion of soy or pea protein, as evidenced by an increase in free α-amino nitrogen (FAN) and/or free amino acid concentration. The increase in FAN varied between 13 and 33% depending on the protein substrate and probiotic strain. The survival of probiotic bacteria after exposure to digestive fluids was strain-dependent and may have affected the strain's capacity to function and aid in protein digestion in the gastrointestinal environment. Overall, our results from the standardized in vitro digestion model provide an approach to explore probiotics for improved plant protein digestion and bioaccessibility of amino acids; however, human clinical research is needed to evaluate the efficacy of probiotics on amino acid absorption and bioavailability in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maija Marttinen
- IFF Health and Biosciences, Danisco Sweeteners Oy, Sokeritehtaantie 20, 02460 Kantvik, Finland
| | - Mehreen Anjum
- IFF Health and Biosciences, Danisco Sweeteners Oy, Sokeritehtaantie 20, 02460 Kantvik, Finland
| | - Markku T. Saarinen
- IFF Health and Biosciences, Danisco Sweeteners Oy, Sokeritehtaantie 20, 02460 Kantvik, Finland
| | | | - Markus J. Lehtinen
- IFF Health and Biosciences, Danisco Sweeteners Oy, Sokeritehtaantie 20, 02460 Kantvik, Finland
| | - Päivi Nurminen
- IFF Health and Biosciences, Danisco Sweeteners Oy, Sokeritehtaantie 20, 02460 Kantvik, Finland
| | - Arja Laitila
- IFF Health and Biosciences, Danisco Sweeteners Oy, Sokeritehtaantie 20, 02460 Kantvik, Finland
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Fan Z, Jia W. Lactobacillus casei-Derived Postbiotics Elevate the Bioaccessibility of Proteins via Allosteric Regulation of Pepsin and Trypsin and Introduction of Endopeptidases. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37410960 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The potential of probiotics to benefit digestion has been widely reported, while its utilization in high-risk patients and potential adverse reactions have focused interest on postbiotics. A variable data-independent acquisition (vDIA)-based spatial-omics strategy integrated with unsupervised variational autoencoders was applied to profile the functional mechanism underlying the action of Lactobacillus casei-derived postbiotic supplementation in goat milk digestion in an infant digestive system, from a metabolomics-peptidomics-proteomics perspective. Amide and olefin derivatives were proved to elevate the activities of pepsin and trypsin through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic forces based on allosteric effects, and recognition of nine endopeptidases and their cleavage to serine, proline, and aspartate were introduced by postbiotics, thereby promoting the generation of hydrophilic peptides and elevating the bioaccessibility of goat milk protein. The peptides originating from αs1-casein, β-casein, β-lactoglobulin, Ig-like domain-containing protein, κ-casein, and serum amyloid A protein, with multiple bioactivities including angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory, osteoanabolic, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory, antimicrobial, bradykinin-potentiating, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities, were significantly increased in the postbiotic supplementation group, which was also considered to potentially prevent necrotizing enterocolitis through inhibiting the multiplication of pathogenic bacteria and blocking signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells inflammatory pathways. This research deepened the understanding of the mechanism underlying the postbiotics affecting goat milk digestion, which established a critical groundwork for the clinical application of postbiotics in infant complementary foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zibian Fan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Wei Jia
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- Shaanxi Research Institute of Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
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A AJ, Suresh A. Oral microbial shift induced by probiotic Bacillus coagualans along with its clinical perspectives. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2023; 13:398-402. [PMID: 37124834 PMCID: PMC10131115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2023.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
When used in adequate amounts, Probiotics are considered to beneficially affect host health in many respects. Bacillus coagulans, with its probiotic characteristics, has recently attracted the attention of many researchers and food manufacturers due to its high tolerance in extreme environments because of its spore-forming nature. Several beneficial effects of B. coagulans have been estimated as it exhibits properties of both the genera Bacillus as well as Lactobacillus. Recent literature has proven that B. coagulans has therapeutic effects on intestinal diseases including acute diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, antibiotic-related diarrhea, constipation, and colitis via modulation of the microbial composition, host immunity, and general metabolism. Due to the evidence supporting various probiotic effects of B. coagulans, the administration of many B. coagulans strains has been studied in the prevention and management of several oral diseases and conditions. The current review summarizes the probiotic characteristics and clinical, microbiological changes associated with the application of B. coagulans in oral health and diseases along with its future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysha Jebin A
- Department of Periodontics, Krishnadevaraya College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Aparnna Suresh
- Umm Al Quwain Specialised Dental Center, Emirates Health Services-Ministry of Health, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Piscitelli J, Hens B, Tomaszewska I, Wollenberg L, Litwiler K, McAllister M, Reddy M. Effect of Food and a Proton-Pump Inhibitor on the Absorption of Encorafenib: An In Vivo- In Vitro- In Silico Approach. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:2589-2599. [PMID: 37037186 PMCID: PMC10155203 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Encorafenib is a kinase inhibitor indicated for the treatment of patients with BRAF mutant melanoma and BRAF mutant metastatic colorectal cancer. To understand the effect of food and coadministration with a proton-pump inhibitor (PPI), in vitro, in vivo, and in silico data were generated to optimize the clinical dose, evaluate safety, and better understand the oral absorption process under these conditions. Study 1 evaluated the effect of food on the plasma pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability after a single oral dose of encorafenib 100 mg. Study 2 evaluated the same end points with coadministration of encorafenib and rabeprazole (PPI perpetrator). The in vitro gastrointestinal TIM-1 model was used to investigate the release of encorafenib and the amount available for absorption under different testing conditions (fasted, fed, and with the use of a PPI). The fasted, fed, and PPI states were predicted for the encorafenib commercial capsule in GastroPlus 9.8. In study 1, both AUCinf and AUClast decreased by 4% with the administration of a high-fat meal. The Cmax was 36% lower than with fasted conditions. All 3 exposure parameters in study 2 (AUCinf, AUClast, and Cmax) had mean changes of <10% when encorafenib was coadministered with a PPI. Using the in vitro gastrointestinal simulator TIM-1, the model demonstrated a similar release of drug, as the bioaccessible fraction, in the 3 conditions was equal (≥80%), predicting no PPI or food effect for this drug formulation. The modeling in GastroPlus 9.8 demonstrated complete absorption of encorafenib when formulated as an amorphous solid dispersion. To obtain these results, it was crucial to integrate the amorphous solubility of the drug that shows a 20-fold higher solubility at pH 6.8 compared with crystalline solubility. The increased amorphous solubility is likely the reason no PPI effect was observed compared with fasted state conditions. The prolongation in gastric emptying in the fed state resulted in delayed plasma Tmax for encorafenib. No dose adjustment is necessary when encorafenib is administered in the fed state or when coadministered with a PPI. Both the TIM-1 and physiologically based pharmacokinetic model results were consistent with the observed clinical data, suggesting that these will be valuable tools for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Piscitelli
- Pfizer Inc., Global Product Development, La Jolla, California 92121, United States
| | - Bart Hens
- Pfizer Inc., Drug Product Design, Sandwich CT13 9NJ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Lance Wollenberg
- Pfizer Inc., Early Clinical Development, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Kevin Litwiler
- Pfizer Inc., Global Product Development, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Mark McAllister
- Pfizer Inc., Drug Product Design, Sandwich CT13 9NJ, United Kingdom
| | - Micaela Reddy
- Pfizer Inc., Early Clinical Development, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
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Prokopidis K, Giannos P, Kirwan R, Ispoglou T, Galli F, Witard OC, Triantafyllidis KK, Kechagias KS, Morwani-Mangnani J, Ticinesi A, Isanejad M. Impact of probiotics on muscle mass, muscle strength and lean mass: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14:30-44. [PMID: 36414567 PMCID: PMC9891957 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics have shown potential to counteract sarcopenia, although the extent to which they can influence domains of sarcopenia such as muscle mass and strength in humans is unclear. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to explore the impact of probiotic supplementation on muscle mass, total lean mass and muscle strength in human adults. A literature search of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted through PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library from inception until June 2022. Eligible RCTs compared the effect of probiotic supplementation versus placebo on muscle and total lean mass and global muscle strength (composite score of all muscle strength outcomes) in adults (>18 years). To evaluate the differences between groups, a meta-analysis was conducted using the random effects inverse-variance model by utilizing standardized mean differences. Twenty-four studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis exploring the effects of probiotics on muscle mass, total lean mass and global muscle strength. Our main analysis (k = 10) revealed that muscle mass was improved following probiotics compared with placebo (SMD: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.10-0.74, I2 = 57%, P = 0.009), although no changes were revealed in relation to total lean mass (k = 12; SMD: -0.03, 95% CI: -0.19 - 0.13, I2 = 0%, P = 0.69). Interestingly, a significant increase in global muscle strength was also observed among six RCTs (SMD: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.33-1.06, I2 = 64%, P = 0.0002). Probiotic supplementation enhances both muscle mass and global muscle strength; however, no beneficial effects were observed in total lean mass. Investigating the physiological mechanisms underpinning different ageing groups and elucidating appropriate probiotic strains for optimal gains in muscle mass and strength are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Prokopidis
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Society of Meta-research and Biomedical Innovation, London, UK
| | - Panagiotis Giannos
- Society of Meta-research and Biomedical Innovation, London, UK.,Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Richard Kirwan
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Francesco Galli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lipidomics and Micronutrient Vitamins Laboratory and Human Anatomy Laboratory, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Oliver C Witard
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Konstantinos K Triantafyllidis
- Society of Meta-research and Biomedical Innovation, London, UK.,Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton & Somerset NHS Foundation Trust, Taunton, UK
| | - Konstantinos S Kechagias
- Society of Meta-research and Biomedical Innovation, London, UK.,Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jordi Morwani-Mangnani
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Andrea Ticinesi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Masoud Isanejad
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Zheng X, Liu B, Wang N, Yang J, Zhou Q, Sun C, Zhao Y. Low fish meal diet supplemented with probiotics ameliorates intestinal barrier and immunological function of Macrobrachium rosenbergii via the targeted modulation of gut microbes and derived secondary metabolites. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1074399. [PMID: 36466900 PMCID: PMC9713824 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1074399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The unsuitable substitution ratio of fish meal by plant protein will reshape the intestinal microbial composition and intestine immunity. However, previous studies were mostly limited to investigating how different feed or probiotics characterized the microbial composition but ignored the biological interactions between bacteria and host physiology through secondary metabolites. Therefore, this study integrates the apparent indicators monitoring, 16S rDNA sequencing, and metabonomics to systematically investigate the effects of cottonseed protein concentrate (CPC) substitution of fish meal and Bacillus coagulans intervention on gut microbes, secondary metabolites, and intestinal immunity of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Prawns were fed with three diets for 70 days: HF diets contained 25% fish meal, CPC in LF diets were replaced with 10% fish meal, and LF diets supplemented with 2 × 108 CFU/g diet B. coagulans were designated as BC diets. Results showed that CPC substitution induced a significant decrease in digestive enzyme activities (trypsin and lipase) and gut barrier protein PT-1 expression and a significant increase in γ-GT enzyme activity and inflammatory-related factors (Relish and Toll) expression. B. coagulans treatment mitigated the negative changes of the above indicators. Meanwhile, it significantly improved the expression levels of the barrier factor PT-1, the reparative cytokine IL-22, and Cu/Zn-SOD. CPC substitution resulted in a remarkable downregulated abundance of Firmicutes phyla, Flavobacterium spp., and Bacillus spp. B. coagulans treatment induced the callback of Firmicutes abundance and improved the relative abundance of Sphingomonas, Bacillus, and Ralstonia. Functional prediction indicated that CPC substitution resulted in elevated potential pathogenicity of microbial flora, and B. coagulans reduces the pathogenesis risk. Pearson's correlation analysis established a significant positive correlation between differential genera (Sphingomonas, Bacillus, and Ralstonia) and secondary metabolites (including sphingosine, dehydrophytosphingosine, amino acid metabolites, etc.). Meanwhile, the latter were significantly associated with intestinal immunoregulation-related genes (Cu/Zn-SOD, IL-22, PT-1, Toll, and Relish). This study indicated that B. coagulans could mediate specific gut microbes and the combined action of multiple functional secondary metabolites to affect intestinal barrier function, digestion, and inflammation. Our study revealed the decisive role of gut microbes and derived secondary metabolites in the model of dietary composition-induced intestinal injury and probiotic treatment from a new perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, China
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, China
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, China
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qunlan Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, China
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Cunxin Sun
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, China
| | - Yongfeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, China
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
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Rugji J, Dinçoğlu AH. Biocontrol of Listeria monocytogenes by Bacillus coagulans GBI-30, 6086 in a synbiotic white brined cheese: An In Vitro model study. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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The effect of Bacillus coagulans Unique IS-2 supplementation on plasma amino acid levels and muscle strength in resistance trained males consuming whey protein: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:2673-2685. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02844-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Polo A, Cappello C, Carafa I, Da Ros A, Baccilieri F, Di Cagno R, Gobbetti M. A novel functional herbal tea containing probiotic Bacillus coagulans GanedenBC30: An in vitro study using the Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME). J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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de Marco Castro E, Murphy CH, Roche HM. Targeting the Gut Microbiota to Improve Dietary Protein Efficacy to Mitigate Sarcopenia. Front Nutr 2021; 8:656730. [PMID: 34235167 PMCID: PMC8256992 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.656730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is characterised by the presence of diminished skeletal muscle mass and strength. It is relatively common in older adults as ageing is associated with anabolic resistance (a blunted muscle protein synthesis response to dietary protein consumption and resistance exercise). Therefore, interventions to counteract anabolic resistance may benefit sarcopenia prevention and are of utmost importance in the present ageing population. There is growing speculation that the gut microbiota may contribute to sarcopenia, as ageing is also associated with [1) dysbiosis, whereby the gut microbiota becomes less diverse, lacking in healthy butyrate-producing microorganisms and higher in pathogenic bacteria, and [2) loss of epithelial tight junction integrity in the lining of the gut, leading to increased gut permeability and higher metabolic endotoxemia. Animal data suggest that both elements may impact muscle physiology, but human data corroborating the causality of the association between gut microbiota and muscle mass and strength are lacking. Mechanisms wherein the gut microbiota may alter anabolic resistance include an attenuation of gut-derived low-grade inflammation and/or the increased digestibility of protein-containing foods and consequent higher aminoacidemia, both in favour of muscle protein synthesis. This review focuses on the putative links between the gut microbiota and skeletal muscle in the context of sarcopenia. We also address the issue of plant protein digestibility because plant proteins are increasingly important from an environmental sustainability perspective, yet they are less efficient at stimulating muscle protein synthesis than animal proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena de Marco Castro
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Sports Science, UCD Conway Institute, UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Caoileann H Murphy
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Sports Science, UCD Conway Institute, UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Helen M Roche
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Sports Science, UCD Conway Institute, UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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15
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Acuff HL, Aldrich CG. Evaluation of graded levels of Bacillus coagulans GBI-30, 6086 on apparent nutrient digestibility, stool quality, and intestinal health indicators in healthy adult dogs. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6262623. [PMID: 33940614 PMCID: PMC8158428 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus coagulans GBI-30, 6086 is a commercially available spore-forming non-toxigenic microorganism approved for use in dog foods with high resiliency to stresses associated with commercial manufacturing. The objectives of this research were to examine the effect of B. coagulans on stool quality, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal health markers in healthy adult dogs. Extruded diets containing graded levels of B. coagulans applied either to the base ration before extrusion or to the exterior of the kibble as a topical coating after extrusion were randomly assigned to 10 individually housed adult beagle dogs (7 castrated males and 3 spayed females) of similar age (5.75 ± 0.23 yr) and body weight (12.3 ± 1.5 kg). The study was designed as a 5 × 5 replicated Latin square with 16-d adaptation followed by 5-d total fecal collection for each period. Five dietary treatments were formulated to deliver a dose of 0-, 6-, 7-, 8-, and 9-log10 colony-forming units (CFU) per dog per day for the control (CON), extruded B. coagulans (PEX), and low, moderate, and high B. coagulans coating levels (PCL, PCM, and PCH), respectively. Food-grade TiO2 was added to all diets at a level of 0.4% to serve as an indigestible dietary marker for digestibility calculations. Data were analyzed using a mixed model through SAS (version 9.4, SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC) with treatment as a fixed effect and room (i.e., replicate), period, and dog(room) as random effects. Apparent total tract digestibility of organic matter, crude protein, crude fat, and gross energy calculated by the marker method were numerically greatest for dogs fed the 9-log10 dose treatment with increases (P < 0.05) observed in gross energy and organic matter digestibility compared with the negative control. No significant differences were observed in food intake, stool quality, fecal pH, fecal ammonia, fecal short-chain fatty acids, or branched-chain fatty acids for the extruded B. coagulans treatment (PEX) or the coated B. coagulans treatments (PCL, PCM, and PCH) compared with CON. These results suggest that B. coagulans has a favorable impact on nutrient digestibility and no apparent adverse effects when added to extruded diets at a daily intake level of up to 9-log10 CFU in healthy adult dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Acuff
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Charles G Aldrich
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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16
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Ma S, Cao J, Liliu R, Li N, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W, Zhai Q. Effects of Bacillus coagulans as an adjunct starter culture on yogurt quality and storage. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:7466-7479. [PMID: 33896630 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus coagulans has been widely studied for its probiotic properties. Therefore, identifying a strain that can be used as an adjunct starter culture for yogurt production would have commercial value. In this study, 30 B. coagulans strains were isolated from vegetable samples from 11 provinces or autonomous regions in China, and their pan-genomic and phylogenetic characteristics were analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis categorized 30 strains into 4 different subphylotypes, including subtype I (11 isolates), subtype II (7 isolates), subtype III (11 isolates), and subtype IV (1 isolate). Four B. coagulans strains (B. coagulans-70, B. coagulans-78, B. coagulans-79, and B. coagulans-100) were randomly selected from each subphylotype of the phylogenetic tree as adjunct starter cultures. Compared with the other tested strains, B. coagulans-70 showed the highest count in yogurt at the end of the manufacturing period. Comparative genome analysis indicated that the different bacterial levels of B. coagulans strains in yogurt may be associated with the abundance of genes related to carbohydrate transport and metabolism (e.g., sucrose utilization). Finally, differences in texture and volatile flavor compound profiles were observed between the yogurt samples. Compared with the other groups, the addition of B. coagulans-70 exerted a positive effect on the appearance and texture of yogurt products. Volatile analysis showed increased quantities of 2-heptanone, 2-nonanone, amyl alcohol, and 2-hydroxy-3-pentanone in the B. coagulans-70 group compared with control yogurts. These results above combined with the results of a sensory evaluation indicated that B. coagulans-70 is the most suitable strain for further use in functional dairy product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenyan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200436, China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Jiang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Ruolan Liliu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200436, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
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17
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Stecker RA, Moon JM, Russo TJ, Ratliff KM, Mumford PW, Jäger R, Purpura M, Kerksick CM. Bacillus coagulans GBI-30, 6086 improves amino acid absorption from milk protein. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:93. [PMID: 33110439 PMCID: PMC7585191 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00515-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Probiotic Bacillus coagulans GBI-30, 6086 (BC30) has been shown to increase protein digestion in an in vitro model of the stomach and small intestine. Once active in the small intestine after germination, BC30 aids the digestion of carbohydrates and proteins. The extent to which BC30 administration may impact protein digestion and amino acid appearance in humans after protein ingestion is currently unknown. This study examined the impact of adding BC30 to a 25-g dose of milk protein concentrate on post-prandial changes in blood amino acids concentrations. Methods 14 males and 16 females (n = 30, 26.4 ± 6.5 years; 172.3 ± 10.8 cm; 78.2 ± 14.8 kg; 22.6 ± 7.2% fat) completed two supplementation protocols that each spanned two weeks separated by a washout period that lasted three weeks. Participants were instructed to track their dietary intake and ingest a daily 25-g dose of milk protein concentrate with (MPCBC30) or without (MPC) the addition of BC30. Body composition and demographics were assessed upon arrival to the laboratory. Upon ingestion of their final assigned supplemental dose, blood samples were taken at 0 (baseline), 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, and 240 min post-consumption and analyzed for amino acid concentrations. Results Arginine (p = 0.03) and Isoleucine (p = 0.05) revealed greater area-under-the curve (AUC) in MPCBC30 group compared to MPC. In addition, Arginine (p = 0.02), Serine (p = 0.01), Ornithine (p = 0.02), Methionine (p = 0.04), Glutamic Acid (p = 0.01), Phenylalanine (p = 0.05), Isoleucine (p = 0.04), Tyrosine (p = 0.02), Essential Amino Acids (p = 0.02), and Total Amino Acids (p < 0.01) all revealed significantly greater concentration maximum (CMax) in MPCBC30 compared to MPC. Finally, time to reach CMax (TMax) was significantly faster for Glutamine (p < 0.01), Citrulline (p < 0.01), Threonine (p = 0.04), Alanine (p = 0.02) in MPCBC30 when compared to MPC. Greater mean differences between groups for AUC and CMax in women when compared to the mean differences in men were found for several amino acids. Conclusion In concert with previous in vitro evidence of improved protein digestion and amino acid appearance, these results reveal that adding BC30 to protein sources such as milk protein concentrate can improve AUC, CMax, and faster TMax. Follow-up research should examine differences between gender and explore how aging can impact these outcomes. Retrospectively registered on June 11, 2020 at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT04427020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Stecker
- Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO 63301 USA
| | - Jessica M Moon
- Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO 63301 USA
| | - Travis J Russo
- Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO 63301 USA
| | - Kayla M Ratliff
- Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO 63301 USA
| | - Petey W Mumford
- Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO 63301 USA
| | | | | | - Chad M Kerksick
- Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO 63301 USA
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Venema K, Verhoeven J, Surono IS, Waspodo P, Simatupang A, Kusuma PD. Differential glucose bioaccessibility from native and modified taro-starches in the absence or presence of beet juice. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2020.1829073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koen Venema
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation, Maastricht University - Campus Venlo, Venlo, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica Verhoeven
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation, Maastricht University - Campus Venlo, Venlo, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid S. Surono
- Food Technology Department, Faculty of Engineering, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Priyo Waspodo
- Food Technology Department, Faculty of Engineering, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Pratiwi D. Kusuma
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Surono IS, Verhoeven J, Venema K. Low glycemic load after digestion of native starch from the indigenous tuber Belitung Taro ( Xanthosoma sagittifolium) in a dynamic in vitro model of the upper GI tract (TIM-1). Food Nutr Res 2020; 64:4623. [PMID: 32754009 PMCID: PMC7381813 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v64.4623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Low glycemic foods are beneficial for people with type II diabetes. At the same time, sustained glucose release is also beneficial for people suffering from glycogen storage diseases. Taro (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) is a tuber indigenous to Indonesia, which has starch as the major storage carbohydrate. Objective The aim of the current study was to determine the speed of digestion of native and modified taro starch, compared to free glucose and wheat starch. Design This was investigated in a validated, dynamic computer-controlled in vitro model of the stomach and small intestine (TIM-1). Samples were taken from the dialysate, which reflected glucose absorbed in the blood stream. Results Native taro starch showed a ~1.5-fold reduced digestibility compared to glucose and a ~ 1.35-fold compared to wheat starch. In addition, digestion of native taro starch was moved towards the ileum, and later in time compared to glucose and wheat. With modified taro starch, these effects were not observed. Conclusion In conclusion, native taro starch showed a lower glycemic load than wheat starch and modified taro starch and could be used as a substitute for refined foods by diabetics and people suffering from other glucose metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid S Surono
- Food Technology Department, Faculty of Engineering, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Jessica Verhoeven
- Centre for Healthy Eating and Food Innovation, Maastricht University - Campus Venlo, Venlo, the Netherlands
| | - Koen Venema
- Centre for Healthy Eating and Food Innovation, Maastricht University - Campus Venlo, Venlo, the Netherlands
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20
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van der Lugt T, Venema K, van Leeuwen S, Vrolijk MF, Opperhuizen A, Bast A. Gastrointestinal digestion of dietary advanced glycation endproducts using an in vitro model of the gastrointestinal tract (TIM-1). Food Funct 2020; 11:6297-6307. [PMID: 32602872 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00450b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Protein- and sugar-rich food products processed at high temperatures contain large amounts of dietary advanced glycation endproducts (dAGEs). Our earlier studies have shown that specifically protein-bound dAGEs induce a pro-inflammatory reaction in human macrophage-like cells. To what extent these protein-bound dAGEs survive the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract is still unclear. In this study we analysed gastric and small intestinal digestion of dAGEs using the validated, standardised TNO in vitro gastroIntestinal digestion model (TIM-1), a dynamic in vitro model which mimics the upper human GI tract. This model takes multiple parameters into account, such as: dynamic pH curves, peristaltic mixing, addition of bile and pancreatic digestive enzymes, and passive absorption. Samples of different digested food products were collected at different time points after (i) only gastric digestion and (ii) after both gastric plus small intestinal digestion. Samples were analysed for dAGEs using UPLC-MS/MS for the lysine derived Nε-carboxymethyllysine (CML) and Nε-carboxyethyllysine (CEL), and the arginine derived methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone-1 (MG-H1), and glyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone-1 (G-H1). All AGEs were quantified in their protein-bound and free form. The results of this in vitro study show that protein-bound dAGEs survive gastrointestinal digestion and are additionally formed during small intestinal digestion. In ginger biscuits, the presence MG-H1 in the GI tract increased with more than 400%. This also indicates that dAGEs enter the human GI tract with potential pro-inflammatory characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timme van der Lugt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Koen Venema
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation (HEFI), Maastricht University - campus Venlo, Venlo, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan van Leeuwen
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Antoon Opperhuizen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. and Office for Risk Assessment and Research, Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (NVWA), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Aalt Bast
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. and Campus Venlo, Maastricht University, Venlo, The Netherlands
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Zhou Y, Zeng Z, Xu Y, Ying J, Wang B, Majeed M, Majeed S, Pande A, Li W. Application of Bacillus coagulans in Animal Husbandry and Its Underlying Mechanisms. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10030454. [PMID: 32182789 PMCID: PMC7143728 DOI: 10.3390/ani10030454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Probiotics, a kind of feed additive, are widely used in animal husbandry and the effects are quite positive. Many strains of Bacillus spp. are currently used as probiotic dietary supplements in animal feeds. Bacillus coagulans, a probiotic with good application prospects, piqued our strong interest. In this review, information on Bacillus coagulans in scientific research and production practices is summarized. Abstract In recent decades, probiotics have attracted widespread attention and their application in healthcare and animal husbandry has been promising. Among many probiotics, Bacillus coagulans (B. coagulans) has become a key player in the field of probiotics in recent years. It has been demonstrated to be involved in regulating the balance of the intestinal microbiota, promoting metabolism and utilization of nutrients, improving immunity, and more importantly, it also has good industrial properties such as high temperature resistance, acid resistance, bile resistance, and the like. This review highlights the effects of B. coagulans in animal husbandry and its underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.X.); (J.Y.); (B.W.)
| | - Zihan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.X.); (J.Y.); (B.W.)
| | - Yibin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.X.); (J.Y.); (B.W.)
| | - Jiafu Ying
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.X.); (J.Y.); (B.W.)
| | - Baikui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.X.); (J.Y.); (B.W.)
| | - Muhammed Majeed
- Sami Labs Limited, Bangalore, Karnataka 560058, India;
- Sabinsa Corporation, East Windsor, NJ 08520, USA; (S.M.); (A.P.)
- Sabinsa Corporation, Payson, UT 84651, USA
| | - Shaheen Majeed
- Sabinsa Corporation, East Windsor, NJ 08520, USA; (S.M.); (A.P.)
- Sabinsa Corporation, Payson, UT 84651, USA
| | - Anurag Pande
- Sabinsa Corporation, East Windsor, NJ 08520, USA; (S.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Weifen Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.X.); (J.Y.); (B.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-13107728728
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Cao J, Yu Z, Liu W, Zhao J, Zhang H, Zhai Q, Chen W. Probiotic characteristics of Bacillus coagulans and associated implications for human health and diseases. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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23
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Jäger R, Mohr AE, Carpenter KC, Kerksick CM, Purpura M, Moussa A, Townsend JR, Lamprecht M, West NP, Black K, Gleeson M, Pyne DB, Wells SD, Arent SM, Smith-Ryan AE, Kreider RB, Campbell BI, Bannock L, Scheiman J, Wissent CJ, Pane M, Kalman DS, Pugh JN, ter Haar JA, Antonio J. International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Probiotics. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2019; 16:62. [PMID: 31864419 PMCID: PMC6925426 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-019-0329-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Position statement: The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) provides an objective and critical review of the mechanisms and use of probiotic supplementation to optimize the health, performance, and recovery of athletes. Based on the current available literature, the conclusions of the ISSN are as follows: 1)Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host (FAO/WHO).2)Probiotic administration has been linked to a multitude of health benefits, with gut and immune health being the most researched applications.3)Despite the existence of shared, core mechanisms for probiotic function, health benefits of probiotics are strain- and dose-dependent.4)Athletes have varying gut microbiota compositions that appear to reflect the activity level of the host in comparison to sedentary people, with the differences linked primarily to the volume of exercise and amount of protein consumption. Whether differences in gut microbiota composition affect probiotic efficacy is unknown.5)The main function of the gut is to digest food and absorb nutrients. In athletic populations, certain probiotics strains can increase absorption of key nutrients such as amino acids from protein, and affect the pharmacology and physiological properties of multiple food components.6)Immune depression in athletes worsens with excessive training load, psychological stress, disturbed sleep, and environmental extremes, all of which can contribute to an increased risk of respiratory tract infections. In certain situations, including exposure to crowds, foreign travel and poor hygiene at home, and training or competition venues, athletes' exposure to pathogens may be elevated leading to increased rates of infections. Approximately 70% of the immune system is located in the gut and probiotic supplementation has been shown to promote a healthy immune response. In an athletic population, specific probiotic strains can reduce the number of episodes, severity and duration of upper respiratory tract infections.7)Intense, prolonged exercise, especially in the heat, has been shown to increase gut permeability which potentially can result in systemic toxemia. Specific probiotic strains can improve the integrity of the gut-barrier function in athletes.8)Administration of selected anti-inflammatory probiotic strains have been linked to improved recovery from muscle-damaging exercise.9)The minimal effective dose and method of administration (potency per serving, single vs. split dose, delivery form) of a specific probiotic strain depends on validation studies for this particular strain. Products that contain probiotics must include the genus, species, and strain of each live microorganism on its label as well as the total estimated quantity of each probiotic strain at the end of the product's shelf life, as measured by colony forming units (CFU) or live cells.10)Preclinical and early human research has shown potential probiotic benefits relevant to an athletic population that include improved body composition and lean body mass, normalizing age-related declines in testosterone levels, reductions in cortisol levels indicating improved responses to a physical or mental stressor, reduction of exercise-induced lactate, and increased neurotransmitter synthesis, cognition and mood. However, these potential benefits require validation in more rigorous human studies and in an athletic population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex E. Mohr
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ USA
| | | | - Chad M. Kerksick
- Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO USA
| | | | - Adel Moussa
- University of Münster, Department of Physics Education, Münster, Germany
| | - Jeremy R. Townsend
- Exercise and Nutrition Science Graduate Program, Lipscomb University, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Manfred Lamprecht
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Nicholas P. West
- School of Medical Science and Menzies Health Institute of QLD, Griffith Health, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
| | - Katherine Black
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Michael Gleeson
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - David B. Pyne
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2617 Australia
| | | | - Shawn M. Arent
- UofSC Sport Science Lab, Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC USA
| | - Abbie E. Smith-Ryan
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Richard B. Kreider
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA
| | - Bill I. Campbell
- Performance & Physique Enhancement Laboratory, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Douglas S. Kalman
- Scientific Affairs. Nutrasource Diagnostics, Inc. Guelph, Guelph, Ontario Canada
| | - Jamie N. Pugh
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Tom Reilly Building, Byrom St Campus, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Jose Antonio
- Exercise and Sport Science, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, FL USA
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Soares MB, Santos-Junior VA, Tavares Filho ER, Lollo PCB, Morato PN, Amaya-Farfan J, Pereira EPR, Balthazar CF, Cruz AG, Martinez RCR, Sant'Ana AS. The Step of Incorporation of Bacillus coagulans GBI-30 6086 Into "requeijão cremoso" Processed Cheese Does Not Affect Metabolic Homeostasis of Rats. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2332. [PMID: 31695686 PMCID: PMC6817512 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dairy product consumption is a common habit in Brazil. These products present a good matrix for probiotic incorporation. Thus, in this study the feasibility of producing a probiotic “requeijão cremoso” incorporated with Bacillus coagulans GBI-30 6086 in three different steps and its metabolic effect in an animal model for 2 weeks has been evaluated. Wistar adult health rats were randomized into one to five groups (n = 8 for each group): Control (C); “requeijão cremoso” without probiotic (RC); probiotic inoculated in the milk before pasteurization at 65°C/30 min (RPP); “requeijão cremoso” inoculated before the fusion step and consequently exposed to 90°C/5 min (RPF); and “requeijão cremoso” inoculated after fusion step, i.e., once the product temperature reached 50°C (RPAF). At the end of treatment, analysis of molecular markers of proteins of stress and antioxidant system, HSP 25, 60, 70 and 90, SOD and catalase were performed in the animals’ muscles by Western Blot technique. The HSP25, HSP90 and catalase levels of C, RPP, RPF, and RPAF were similar, indicating that the homeostasis remained unchanged. The incorporation of B. coagulans GBI-30 6086 in the “requeijão cremoso” was shown to be stable and the microorganism remained viable in all steps tested. The incorporation of the probiotic strain in the fusion stage facilitated the technological process, since it allowed a better homogenization of the product and did not affect the maintenance of the metabolic homeostasis of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana B Soares
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Valfredo A Santos-Junior
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - E R Tavares Filho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Pablo C B Lollo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Priscila N Morato
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Jaime Amaya-Farfan
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Eliene P R Pereira
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Celso F Balthazar
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Adriano G Cruz
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil.,Department of Food, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafael C R Martinez
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Anderson S Sant'Ana
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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25
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Venema K, Verhoeven J, Verbruggen S, Espinosa L, Courau S. Probiotic survival during a multi-layered tablet development as tested in a dynamic, computer-controlled in vitro model of the stomach and small intestine (TIM-1). Lett Appl Microbiol 2019; 69:325-332. [PMID: 31454425 PMCID: PMC6856813 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the research was to develop a galenical formulation for the combination of the three probiotic strains Lactobacillus gasseri PA 16/8, Bifidobacterium longum SP 07/3 and Bifidobacterium bifidum MF 20/5 that would lead to the presence of a high amount of viable cells in the small intestine, the presumed site of action of these strains. This was tested in a validated, dynamic in vitro model of the stomach and small intestine (TIM‐1), simulating human adults after intake of a meal. Experiments were performed both in the gastric compartment of the model, as well as in the complete system (stomach + small intestine). Survival of the strains in an unformulated probiotic powder after transit through the gastric compartment was 5·3% for the bifidobacteria and 1% for L. gasseri. After transit through the complete gastrointestinal tract, this dropped to 2% for bifidobacteria and 0·1% for Lactobacillus. After several rounds of optimization, an enteric‐coated tablet was developed that increased the delivery of viable cells reaching the small intestine to 72% (gastric survival) for bifidobacteria, and 53% (gastric) for L. gasseri. Also survival in the small intestine increased by about an order of magnitude. The final galenical formulation was tested in two applications: adults and elderly, both of which have their own physiological parameters. These experiments corroborated the results obtained in the development phase of the project. In conclusion, the developed enteric coating led to a 20‐ to 40‐fold increase in the delivery of viable cells to the small intestine. Significance and Impact of the Study Predictive GI in vitro models are very helpful and reliable tools for the development of new galenical formula containing probiotics, and in the current example helped to deliver >10‐fold higher numbers of viable cells to the small intestine, presumably leading to improved functionality of the strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Venema
- Department of Human Biology, Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation (HEFI), School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - J Verhoeven
- Department of Human Biology, Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation (HEFI), School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - S Verbruggen
- Department of Human Biology, Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation (HEFI), School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - L Espinosa
- Merck Selbsmedikation GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Courau
- Merck Selbsmedikation GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
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Behavior of different Bacillus strains with claimed probiotic properties throughout processed cheese ("requeijão cremoso") manufacturing and storage. Int J Food Microbiol 2019; 307:108288. [PMID: 31421399 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.108288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Even though spore-forming bacteria have been mainly linked to spoilage or foodborne pathogens vehiculated through foods, some strains of Bacillus can potentially present probiotic properties. The advantage of incorporating probiotic Bacillus strains in foods relies mainly on the fact that these microorganisms present high resistance to harsh processing conditions. "Requeijão cremoso" is a type of processed cheese highly appreciated in Brazil. During processing, this product is submitted to several harsh conditions (heating at 90 °C, for instance), leading to the inactivation of probiotic bacteria belonging to Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genera. That fact has precluded the development of probiotic "requeijão cremoso" products; however, probiotic Bacillus strains may comprise a promising alternative to overcome the low resistance of traditional probiotics to food processing. The objective of this study was to evaluate the behavior of different Bacillus strains with claimed probiotic properties throughout processed cheese ("requeijão cremoso") manufacturing. A total of five different Bacillus strains with claimed probiotic properties (B. coagulans MTCC 5856, B. coagulans GBI-30 6086, B. subtilis PXN 21, B. subtilis PB6, and B. flexus HK1) were individually inoculated at different stages of manufacture - curd pasteurization, coagulation, and fusion - of "requeijão cremoso" and their survival in each of these stages was determined. The survival of B. coagulans GBI-30 6086 was further assessed throughout "requeijão cremoso" production and shelf life (45 days at 6 °C). Besides, the chemical composition, level of proteolysis, and fatty acid profile of the treatments during shelf life were evaluated. The fusion stage was found as the most appropriate for the addition of B. coagulans GBI-30 6086, which allows the production of probiotic "requeijão cremoso" and facilitates the technological process while preventing the occurrence of final product recontamination.
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Keller D, Verbruggen S, Cash H, Farmer S, Venema K. Spores of Bacillus coagulans GBI-30, 6086 show high germination, survival and enzyme activity in a dynamic, computer-controlled in vitro model of the gastrointestinal tract. Benef Microbes 2019; 10:77-87. [PMID: 30694101 DOI: 10.3920/bm2018.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the germination, survival and metabolic activity of the probiotic Bacillus coagulans GBI-30, 6086 [GanedenBC30] (BC30) in a dynamic, computer controlled in vitro model of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, simulating human adults. Experiments were performed in the presence of a meal to maximise germination, due to the presence of germination-triggers. Both an upper GI tract (stomach and small intestine; TIM-1) and a colon model (TIM-2) were used, where material exiting TIM-1 was added to TIM-2. Spores of BC30 were introduced in the gastric compartment of TIM-1 and samples were taken immediately after the pylorus. Moreover, for 6 h, every hour the ileal efflux was collected and a subsample was plated for viable counts (spores and germinated cells). The remainder of the sample was fed to TIM-2, and after 24 h another sample was taken and tested for viable counts. In addition, samples were taken from the dialysates of the model and analysed using LC-MS/MS to determine bacterial metabolites and digestion products. Survival after transit through the gastric compartment was high (97%) and most cells were still in the spore form (76%). Survival after transit through TIM-1 was on average 51%, meaning that on average half of the orally provided spores was found back as cfu on the agar plates. Of these on average 93% were germinated cells and only 7% were spores. 24 h after the start of the experiments germination had increased in TIM-2 to 97% vegetative cells, and only 3% spores. No further loss of viability was observed in TIM-2. In terms of metabolic activity, increased levels of amino acids, dipeptides and citric acid cycle metabolites were found compared to experiments in the absence of BC30. In conclusion, BC30 spores germinate to a large extent (>90%) in the presence of germination triggers in the small intestine in a model that closely mimics the physiological conditions of human adults. Of the oral dose, as much as half of the cells survived transit through the upper GI tract, and based on the metabolite profile, these cells were metabolically active. Either these cells or the enzymes released from the dead cells aided in digestion of the meal. These insights help explain some of the observations in previous experiments, and support the understanding of the mechanism of action of the probiotic BC30.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Keller
- 1 Ganeden Inc., 5800 Landerbrook Drive, Suite 300, Mayfield Heights, OH 44124, USA
| | - S Verbruggen
- 2 Maastricht University - campus Venlo, Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovations, St. Jansweg 20, 5928 RC Venlo, the Netherlands
| | - H Cash
- 3 Kerry Functional Ingredients and Actives, 5800 Landerbrook Drive, Suite 300, Mayfield Heights, OH 44124, USA
| | - S Farmer
- 1 Ganeden Inc., 5800 Landerbrook Drive, Suite 300, Mayfield Heights, OH 44124, USA
| | - K Venema
- 2 Maastricht University - campus Venlo, Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovations, St. Jansweg 20, 5928 RC Venlo, the Netherlands.,4 Beneficial Microbes Consultancy, Johan Karschstraat 3, 6709 TN Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Marcial-Coba MS, Pjaca AS, Andersen CJ, Knøchel S, Nielsen DS. Dried date paste as carrier of the proposed probiotic Bacillus coagulans BC4 and viability assessment during storage and simulated gastric passage. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Townsend JR, Bender D, Vantrease WC, Sapp PA, Toy AM, Woods CA, Johnson KD. Effects of Probiotic ( Bacillus subtilis DE111) Supplementation on Immune Function, Hormonal Status, and Physical Performance in Division I Baseball Players. Sports (Basel) 2018; 6:sports6030070. [PMID: 30049931 PMCID: PMC6162611 DOI: 10.3390/sports6030070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We sought to determine the effects of probiotic supplementation (Bacillus subtilis DE111; 1 billion CFU∙d−1) on markers of immune and hormonal status in collegiate male athletes following 12 weeks of offseason training. Twenty-five Division I male baseball athletes (20.1 ± 1.5 years, 85.5 ± 10.5 kg, 184.7 ± 6.3 cm) participated in this double blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study. Participants were randomly assigned to a probiotic (PRO; n = 13) or placebo (PL; n = 12) group. Pre- and post-training, all athletes provided resting blood and saliva samples. Circulating concentrations of testosterone, cortisol, TNF-α, IL-10, and zonulin were examined in the blood, while salivary immunoglobulin A (SIgA) and SIgM were assayed as indicators of mucosal immunity. Separate analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) were performed on all measures collected post intervention. No differences in measures of body composition or physical performance were seen between groups. TNF-α concentrations were significantly (p = 0.024) lower in PRO compared to PL, while there were no significant group differences in any other biochemical markers examined. A main effect for time was observed (p < 0.05) for increased testosterone (p = 0.045), IL-10 (p = 0.048), SIgA rate (p = 0.031), and SIgM rate (p = 0.002) following offseason training. These data indicate that probiotic supplementation had no effect on body composition, performance, hormonal status, or gut permeability, while it may attenuate circulating TNF-α in athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy R Townsend
- Exercise and Nutrition Science Graduate Program, Lipscomb University, Nashville, TN 37204, USA.
| | - David Bender
- Exercise and Nutrition Science Graduate Program, Lipscomb University, Nashville, TN 37204, USA.
| | - William C Vantrease
- Exercise and Nutrition Science Graduate Program, Lipscomb University, Nashville, TN 37204, USA.
| | - Philip A Sapp
- Exercise and Nutrition Science Graduate Program, Lipscomb University, Nashville, TN 37204, USA.
| | - Ann M Toy
- Exercise and Nutrition Science Graduate Program, Lipscomb University, Nashville, TN 37204, USA.
| | - Clint A Woods
- Exercise and Nutrition Science Graduate Program, Lipscomb University, Nashville, TN 37204, USA.
| | - Kent D Johnson
- Exercise and Nutrition Science Graduate Program, Lipscomb University, Nashville, TN 37204, USA.
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30
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Surono I, Verhoeven J, Verbruggen S, Venema K. Microencapsulation increases survival of the probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum IS-10506, but not Enterococcus faecium IS-27526 in a dynamic, computer-controlled in vitro model of the upper gastrointestinal tract. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 124:1604-1609. [PMID: 29473976 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
AIM To test the effect of microencapsulation on the survival of two probiotic strains isolated from Dadih, Indonesian fermented buffalo milk, in a dynamic, computer-controlled in vitro model of the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract (TIM-1), simulating human adults. METHODS AND RESULTS Free or microencapsulated probiotics, Lactobacillus plantarum IS-10506 or Enterococcus faecium IS-27526, resuspended in milk were studied for survival in the complete TIM-1 system (stomach + small intestine) or in the gastric compartment of TIM-1 only. Hourly samples collected after the ileal-caecal valve or after the pylorus were plated on MRS agar (for Lactobacillus) or S&B agar (for Enterococcus). Survival of the free cells after transit through the complete TIM-1 system was on average for the E. faecium and L. plantarum 15·0 and 18·5% respectively. Survival of the microencapsulated E. faecium and L. plantarum was 15·7 and 84·5% respectively. The free cells were further assessed in only the gastric compartment of TIM-1. E. faecium and L. plantarum showed an average survival of 39 and 32%, respectively, after gastric passage. CONCLUSION There is similar sensitivity to gastric acid as well as survival after complete upper GI tract transit of free cells, but microencapsulation only protected L. plantarum. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY Survival of microencapsulated L. plantarum IS-10506 is increased compared to free cells in a validated in vitro model of the upper GI tract. It increases its use as an ingredient of functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Surono
- Food Technology Department, Faculty of Engineering, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia, 11480
| | - J Verhoeven
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation, Maastricht University - campus Venlo, Venlo, The Netherlands
| | - S Verbruggen
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation, Maastricht University - campus Venlo, Venlo, The Netherlands
| | - K Venema
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation, Maastricht University - campus Venlo, Venlo, The Netherlands.,Beneficial Microbes Consultancy, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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31
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Ilinskaya ON, Ulyanova VV, Yarullina DR, Gataullin IG. Secretome of Intestinal Bacilli: A Natural Guard against Pathologies. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1666. [PMID: 28919884 PMCID: PMC5586196 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Current studies of human gut microbiome usually do not consider the special functional role of transient microbiota, although some of its members remain in the host for a long time and produce broad spectrum of biologically active substances. Getting into the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) with food, water and probiotic preparations, two representatives of Bacilli class, genera Bacillus and Lactobacillus, colonize epithelium blurring the boundaries between resident and transient microbiota. Despite their minor proportion in the microbiome composition, these bacteria can significantly affect both the intestinal microbiota and the entire body thanks to a wide range of secreted compounds. Recently, insufficiency and limitations of pure genome-based analysis of gut microbiota became known. Thus, the need for intense functional studies is evident. This review aims to characterize the Bacillus and Lactobacillus in GIT, as well as the functional roles of the components released by these members of microbial intestinal community. Complex of their secreted compounds is referred by us as the "bacillary secretome." The composition of the bacillary secretome, its biological effects in GIT and role in counteraction to infectious diseases and oncological pathologies in human organism is the subject of the review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vera V. Ulyanova
- Department of Microbiology, Kazan Federal UniversityKazan, Russia
| | | | - Ilgiz G. Gataullin
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Regional Clinical Cancer CenterKazan, Russia
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