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Buśko M, Gracka A, Jeleń H, Szablewska KS, Przybylska-Balcerek A, Szwajkowska-Michałek L, Góral T. The Effect of Organic and Conventional Cultivation Systems on the Profile of Volatile Organic Compounds in Winter Wheat Grain, Including Susceptibility to Fusarium Head Blight. Metabolites 2023; 13:1045. [PMID: 37887370 PMCID: PMC10609054 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13101045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The grain of 30 winter wheat cultivars differing in terms of their resistance to FHB (Fusarium head blight) was tested. The cultivars were grown in four variants of field trials established in a split-plot design: control without fungicides, chemical control of FHB with fungicides after Fusarium inoculation, Fusarium head inoculation, and organic cultivation. The profile of volatile compounds in grain samples was determined by mean headspace-solid phase microextraction and analyzed by gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectroscopy. The identified volatile profile comprised 146 compounds belonging to 14 chemical groups. The lowest abundance of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was found for the organic cultivation variant. The performed discriminant analysis facilitated the complete separation of grain for individual experimental variants based on the number of VOCs decreasing from 116 through 62, 37 down to 14. The grain from organic farming was characterized by a significantly different VOCs profile than the grain from the other variants of the experiment. The compounds 1-methylcycloheptanol, 2-heptanone, 2(3H)-furanone, and 5-hexyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone showed statistically significant differences between all four experimental variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Buśko
- Department of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-625 Poznań, Poland; (M.B.); (K.S.S.); (L.S.-M.)
| | - Anna Gracka
- Food Volatilomics and Sensomics Group, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-624 Poznań, Poland; (A.G.); (H.J.)
| | - Henryk Jeleń
- Food Volatilomics and Sensomics Group, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-624 Poznań, Poland; (A.G.); (H.J.)
| | - Kinga Stuper Szablewska
- Department of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-625 Poznań, Poland; (M.B.); (K.S.S.); (L.S.-M.)
| | - Anna Przybylska-Balcerek
- Department of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-625 Poznań, Poland; (M.B.); (K.S.S.); (L.S.-M.)
| | - Lidia Szwajkowska-Michałek
- Department of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-625 Poznań, Poland; (M.B.); (K.S.S.); (L.S.-M.)
| | - Tomasz Góral
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute, 05-870 Radzików, Poland;
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Volatile Organic Compound Profile Fingerprints Using DART-MS Shows Species-Specific Patterns in Fusarium Mycotoxin Producing Fungi. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 8:jof8010003. [PMID: 35049943 PMCID: PMC8780669 DOI: 10.3390/jof8010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are low-molecular weight fungal metabolites that have high vapor pressure at ambient temperatures and can function as airborne signals. Here, we report a VOC study of several different species of Fusarium. Direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS) was applied for non-invasive VOC fingerprinting of Fusarium isolates growing under standardized conditions. A large number of ions were detected from the headspaces of the Fusarium species sampled here. Ions were detected with distinctively high concentrations in some species. While there were few VOCs produced by only one species, the relative concentrations of VOCs differed between species. The methodology has potential for convenient detection and identification of Fusarium contamination in agricultural commodities.
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Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) of Endophytic Fungi Growing on Extracts of the Host, Horseradish ( Armoracia rusticana). Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10110451. [PMID: 33171636 PMCID: PMC7695154 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10110451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between plant defensive metabolites and different plant-associated fungal species is of high interest to many disciplines. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are natural products that are easily evaporated under ambient conditions. They play a very important role in inter-species communication of microbes and their hosts. In this study, the VOCs produced by 43 different fungal isolates of endophytic and soil fungi during growth on horseradish root (Armoracia rusticana) extract or malt extract agar were examined, by using headspace-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (headspace-GC-MS) and a high relative surface agar film as a medium. The proposed technique enabled sensitive detection of several typical VOCs (acetone, methyl acetate, methyl formate, ethyl acetate, methyl butanol isomers, styrene, beta-phellandrene), along with glucosinolate decomposition products, including allyl cyanide and allyl isothiocyanate and other sulfur-containing compounds—carbon disulfide, dimethyl sulfide. The VOC patterns of fungi belonging to Setophoma, Paraphoma, Plectosphaerella, Pyrenochaeta, Volutella, Cadophora, Notophoma, and Curvularia genera were described for the first time. The VOC pattern was significantly different among the isolates. The pattern was indicative of putative myrosinase activity for many tested isolates. On the other hand, endophytes and soil fungi as groups could not be separated by VOC pattern or intensity.
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Erler A, Riebe D, Beitz T, Löhmannsröben HG, Grothusheitkamp D, Kunz T, Methner FJ. Characterization of volatile metabolites formed by molds on barley by mass and ion mobility spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2020; 55:e4501. [PMID: 31945247 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of barley by molds on the field or in storage leads to the spoilage of grain and the production of mycotoxins, which causes major economic losses in malting facilities and breweries. Therefore, on-site detection of hidden fungus contaminations in grain storages based on the detection of volatile marker compounds is of high interest. In this work, the volatile metabolites of 10 different fungus species are identified by gas chromatography (GC) combined with two complementary mass spectrometric methods, namely, electron impact (EI) and chemical ionization at atmospheric pressure (APCI)-mass spectrometry (MS). The APCI source utilizes soft X-radiation, which enables the selective protonation of the volatile metabolites largely without side reactions. Nearly 80 volatile or semivolatile compounds from different substance classes, namely, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, substituted aromatic compounds, alkenes, terpenes, oxidized terpenes, sesquiterpenes, and oxidized sesquiterpenes, could be identified. The profiles of volatile and semivolatile metabolites of the different fungus species are characteristic of them and allow their safe differentiation. The application of the same GC parameters and APCI source allows a simple method transfer from MS to ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), which permits on-site analyses of grain stores. Characterization of IMS yields limits of detection very similar to those of APCI-MS. Accordingly, more than 90% of the volatile metabolites found by APCI-MS were also detected in IMS. In addition to different fungus genera, different species of one fungus genus could also be differentiated by GC-IMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Erler
- Physical Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Daniel Riebe
- Physical Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Toralf Beitz
- Physical Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Hans-Gerd Löhmannsröben
- Physical Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Daniela Grothusheitkamp
- Department of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Seestr. 13, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Kunz
- Department of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Seestr. 13, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank-Jürgen Methner
- Department of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Seestr. 13, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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Erler A, Riebe D, Beitz T, Löhmannsröben HG, Grothusheitkamp D, Kunz T, Methner FJ. Detection of volatile organic compounds in the headspace above mold fungi by GC-soft X-radiation-based APCI-MS. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2018; 53:911-920. [PMID: 29896877 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mold fungi on malting barley grains cause major economic loss in malting and brewery facilities. Possible proxies for their detection are volatile and semivolatile metabolites. Among those substances, characteristic marker compounds have to be identified for a confident detection of mold fungi in varying surroundings. The analytical determination is usually performed through passive sampling with solid phase microextraction, gas chromatographic separation, and detection by electron ionization mass spectrometry (EI-MS), which often does not allow a confident determination due to the absence of molecular ions. An alternative is GC-APCI-MS, generally, allowing the determination of protonated molecular ions. Commercial atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) sources are based on corona discharges, which are often unspecific due to the occurrence of several side reactions and produce complex product ion spectra. To overcome this issue, an APCI source based on soft X-radiation is used here. This source facilitates a more specific ionization by proton transfer reactions only. In the first part, the APCI source is characterized with representative volatile fungus metabolites. Depending on the proton affinity of the metabolites, the limits of detection are up to 2 orders of magnitude below those of EI-MS. In the second part, the volatile metabolites of the mold fungus species Aspergillus, Alternaria, Fusarium, and Penicillium are investigated. In total, 86 compounds were found with GC-EI/APCI-MS. The metabolites identified belong to the substance classes of alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, substituted aromatic compounds, terpenes, and sesquiterpenes. In addition to substances unspecific for the individual fungus species, characteristic patterns of metabolites, allowing their confident discrimination, were found for each of the 4 fungus species. Sixty-seven of the 86 metabolites are detected by X-ray-based APCI-MS alone. The discrimination of the fungus species based on these metabolites alone was possible. Therefore, APCI-MS in combination with collision induced dissociation alone could be used as a supervision method for the detection of mold fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Erler
- Physical Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
| | - D Riebe
- Physical Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
| | - T Beitz
- Physical Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
| | - H-G Löhmannsröben
- Physical Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
| | - D Grothusheitkamp
- Department of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Seestr. 13, Berlin, 13353, Germany
| | - T Kunz
- Department of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Seestr. 13, Berlin, 13353, Germany
| | - F-J Methner
- Department of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Seestr. 13, Berlin, 13353, Germany
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Savelieva EI, Gustyleva LK, Kessenikh ED, Khlebnikova NS, Leffingwell J, Gavrilova OP, Gagkaeva TY. Study of the Vapor Phase OverFusariumFungi Cultured on Various Substrates. Chem Biodivers 2016; 13:891-903. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201500284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena I. Savelieva
- Research Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology Federal State Unitary Enterprise; Federal Medical Biological Agency; Build. 93, Kapitolovo Station, Kuz'molovsky g/p Vsevolozhsky District Leningrad Region RU-188663
| | - Liudmila K. Gustyleva
- Research Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology Federal State Unitary Enterprise; Federal Medical Biological Agency; Build. 93, Kapitolovo Station, Kuz'molovsky g/p Vsevolozhsky District Leningrad Region RU-188663
| | - Elizaveta D. Kessenikh
- Research Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology Federal State Unitary Enterprise; Federal Medical Biological Agency; Build. 93, Kapitolovo Station, Kuz'molovsky g/p Vsevolozhsky District Leningrad Region RU-188663
| | - Natalya S. Khlebnikova
- Research Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology Federal State Unitary Enterprise; Federal Medical Biological Agency; Build. 93, Kapitolovo Station, Kuz'molovsky g/p Vsevolozhsky District Leningrad Region RU-188663
| | - John Leffingwell
- Leffingwell & Associates; 4699 Arbor Hill Rd. Canton GA 30115 USA
| | - Olga P. Gavrilova
- All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection (VIZR) Podbelskogo shosse; 3 St.-Petersburg Pushkin RU-196608
| | - Tatiana Yu. Gagkaeva
- All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection (VIZR) Podbelskogo shosse; 3 St.-Petersburg Pushkin RU-196608
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Rosenkranz M, Pugh TAM, Schnitzler JP, Arneth A. Effect of land-use change and management on biogenic volatile organic compound emissions--selecting climate-smart cultivars. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2015; 38:1896-1912. [PMID: 25255900 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Land-use change (LUC) has fundamentally altered the form and function of the terrestrial biosphere. Increasing human population, the drive for higher living standards and the potential challenges of mitigating and adapting to global environmental change mean that further changes in LUC are unavoidable. LUC has direct consequences on climate not only via emissions of greenhouse gases and changing the surface energy balance but also by affecting the emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs). Isoprenoids, which dominate global BVOC emissions, are highly reactive and strongly modify atmospheric composition. The effects of LUC on BVOC emissions and related atmospheric chemistry have been largely ignored so far. However, compared with natural ecosystems, most tree species used in bioenergy plantations are strong BVOC emitters, whereas intensively cultivated crops typically emit less BVOCs. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on LUC-driven BVOC emissions and how these might affect atmospheric composition and climate. We further discuss land management and plant-breeding strategies, which could be taken to move towards climate-friendly BVOC emissions while simultaneously maintaining or improving key ecosystem functions such as crop yield under a changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaria Rosenkranz
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas A M Pugh
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 82467, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Jörg-Peter Schnitzler
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Almut Arneth
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 82467, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
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Buśko M, Kulik T, Ostrowska A, Góral T, Perkowski J. Quantitative volatile compound profiles in fungal cultures of three differentFusarium graminearumchemotypes. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2014; 359:85-93. [DOI: 10.1111/1574-6968.12569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Buśko
- Poznań University of Life Sciences; Department of Chemistry; Poznań Poland
| | - Tomasz Kulik
- Department of Diagnostics and Plant Pathophysiology; University of Warmia and Mazury; Olsztyn Poland
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection; University of Warmia and Mazury; Olsztyn Poland
| | - Anna Ostrowska
- Poznań University of Life Sciences; Department of Chemistry; Poznań Poland
| | - Tomasz Góral
- Department of Plant Pathology; Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute NRI; Blonie Poland
| | - Juliusz Perkowski
- Poznań University of Life Sciences; Department of Chemistry; Poznań Poland
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Savelieva EI, Gavrilova OP, Gagkaeva TY. Using solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the study of the volatile products of biosynthesis released by plants and microorganisms. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934814050086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Girotti J, Malbrán I, Lori G, Juárez M. Early detection of toxigenic Fusarium graminearum in wheat. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2012. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2011.1348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum (Schwabe) contaminates agricultural crops and commodities with trichothecenes, mostly deoxynivalenol and its acetyl-derivatives. Current techniques available to detect final mycotoxin contamination products usually require an extended time lag between sampling and the corresponding report, and include different clean-up steps and eventually derivatisation. This study was aimed to develop a methodology to detect toxigenic F. graminearum prior to mycotoxin production. Headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled to capillary gas chromatography is shown to be useful to predict the potential of trichothecene mycotoxin formation by detecting the presence of F. graminearum at early stages of fungal growth in wheat cultivars, based on the detection of trichodiene (TRI), the volatile intermediate of trichothecenes. We showed that TRI is a useful marker to detect toxigenic Fusarium in wheat spikes from live plants, regardless of the actual development of Fusarium head blight (FHB). This is the first predictive methodology for FHB and trichothecene occurrence in field-collected samples. It might be a useful tool to help to prevent the risk of mycotoxin contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.R. Girotti
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (CCT La Plata CONICET-UNLP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 60 y 120, La Plata 1900, Argentina;
| | - I. Malbrán
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Centro de Investigaciones de Fitopatología (CIDEFI-CIC), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 60 y 119, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - G.A. Lori
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Centro de Investigaciones de Fitopatología (CIDEFI-CIC), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 60 y 119, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - M.P. Juárez
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (CCT La Plata CONICET-UNLP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 60 y 120, La Plata 1900, Argentina;
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