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Hawash M, Abdallah S, Abudayyak M, Melhem Y, Abu Shamat M, Aghbar M, Çapan I, Abualhasan M, Kumar A, Kamiński M, Góral T, Dominiak PM, Sobuh S. Exploration of isoxazole analogs: Synthesis, COX inhibition, anticancer screening, 3D multicellular tumor spheroids, and molecular modeling. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 271:116397. [PMID: 38626522 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a new series of Isoxazole-carboxamide derivatives were synthesized and characterized via HRMS, 1H-, 13CAPT-NMR, and MicroED. The findings revealed that nearly all of the synthesized derivatives exhibited potent inhibitory activities against both COX enzymes, with IC50 values ranging from 4.1 nM to 3.87 μM. Specifically, MYM1 demonstrated the highest efficacy among the compounds tested against the COX-1, displaying an IC50 value of 4.1 nM. The results showed that 5 compounds possess high COX-2 isozyme inhibitory effects with IC50 value in range 0.24-1.30 μM with COX-2 selectivity indexes (2.51-6.13), among these compounds MYM4 has the lowest IC50 value against COX-2, with selectivity index around 4. Intriguingly, this compound displayed significant antiproliferative effects against CaCo-2, Hep3B, and HeLa cancer cell lines, with IC50 values of 10.22, 4.84, and 1.57 μM, respectively, which was nearly comparable to that of doxorubicin. Compound MYM4 showed low cytotoxic activities on normal cell lines LX-2 and Hek293t with IC50 values 20.01 and 216.97 μM respectively, with safer values than doxorubicin. Furthermore, compound MYM4 was able to induce the apoptosis, suppress the colonization of both HeLa and HepG2 cells. Additionally, the induction of Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production could be the mechanism underlying the apoptotic effect and the cytotoxic activity of the compound. In the 3D multicellular tumor spheroid model, results revealed that MYM4 compound hampered the spheroid formation capacity of Hep3B and HeLa cancer cells. Moreover, the molecular docking of MYM4 compound revealed a high affinity for the COX2 enzyme, with energy scores (S) -7.45 kcal/mol, which were comparable to celecoxib (S) -8.40 kcal/mol. Collectively, these findings position MYM4 as a promising pharmacological candidate as COX inhibitor and anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Hawash
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine.
| | - Samer Abdallah
- Department of Biology & Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine
| | - Mahmoud Abudayyak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Istanbul University, 34116, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yarob Melhem
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine
| | - Mohammed Abu Shamat
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine
| | - Meera Aghbar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine
| | - Irfan Çapan
- Department of Material and Material Processing Technologies, Technical Sciences Vocational College, Gazi University, 06560, Ankara, Turkey; Basic and Engineering Sciences Central Laboratory Application and Research Center (GUTMAM), Gazi University, 06500, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murad Abualhasan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine
| | - Anil Kumar
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Ul. Zwirki I Wigury 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Kamiński
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Ul. Zwirki I Wigury 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Góral
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Ul. S. Banacha 2c, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Maria Dominiak
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Ul. Zwirki I Wigury 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Shorooq Sobuh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine
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2
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Buśko M, Gracka A, Jeleń H, Szablewska KS, Przybylska-Balcerek A, Szwajkowska-Michałek L, Góral T. The Effect of Organic and Conventional Cultivation Systems on the Profile of Volatile Organic Compounds in Winter Wheat Grain, Including Susceptibility to Fusarium Head Blight. Metabolites 2023; 13:1045. [PMID: 37887370 PMCID: PMC10609054 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13101045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The grain of 30 winter wheat cultivars differing in terms of their resistance to FHB (Fusarium head blight) was tested. The cultivars were grown in four variants of field trials established in a split-plot design: control without fungicides, chemical control of FHB with fungicides after Fusarium inoculation, Fusarium head inoculation, and organic cultivation. The profile of volatile compounds in grain samples was determined by mean headspace-solid phase microextraction and analyzed by gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectroscopy. The identified volatile profile comprised 146 compounds belonging to 14 chemical groups. The lowest abundance of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was found for the organic cultivation variant. The performed discriminant analysis facilitated the complete separation of grain for individual experimental variants based on the number of VOCs decreasing from 116 through 62, 37 down to 14. The grain from organic farming was characterized by a significantly different VOCs profile than the grain from the other variants of the experiment. The compounds 1-methylcycloheptanol, 2-heptanone, 2(3H)-furanone, and 5-hexyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone showed statistically significant differences between all four experimental variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Buśko
- Department of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-625 Poznań, Poland; (M.B.); (K.S.S.); (L.S.-M.)
| | - Anna Gracka
- Food Volatilomics and Sensomics Group, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-624 Poznań, Poland; (A.G.); (H.J.)
| | - Henryk Jeleń
- Food Volatilomics and Sensomics Group, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-624 Poznań, Poland; (A.G.); (H.J.)
| | - Kinga Stuper Szablewska
- Department of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-625 Poznań, Poland; (M.B.); (K.S.S.); (L.S.-M.)
| | - Anna Przybylska-Balcerek
- Department of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-625 Poznań, Poland; (M.B.); (K.S.S.); (L.S.-M.)
| | - Lidia Szwajkowska-Michałek
- Department of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-625 Poznań, Poland; (M.B.); (K.S.S.); (L.S.-M.)
| | - Tomasz Góral
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute, 05-870 Radzików, Poland;
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Pawlik J, Bembenek M, Góral T, Cieślik J, Krawczyk J, Łukaszek-Sołek A, Śleboda T, Frocisz Ł. On the Influence of Heat Input on Ni-WC GMAW Hardfaced Coating Properties. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:ma16113960. [PMID: 37297100 DOI: 10.3390/ma16113960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hardfacing is one of the techniques used for part lifecycle elongation. Despite being used for over 100 years, there still is much to discover, as modern metallurgy provides more and more sophisticated alloys, which then have to be studied to find the best technological parameters in order to fully utilize complex material properties. One of the most efficient and versatile hardfacing approaches is Gas Metal Arc Welding technology (GMAW) and its cored-wire equivalent, known as FCAW (Flux-Cored/Cored Arc Welding). In this paper, the authors study the influence of heat input on the geometrical properties and hardness of stringer weld beads fabricated from cored wire consisting of macrocrystalline tungsten carbides in a nickel matrix. The aim is to establish a set of parameters which allow to manufacture wear-resistant overlays with high deposition rates, preserving all possible benefits of this heterogenic material. This study shows, that for a given diameter of the Ni-WC wire, there exists an upper limit of heat input beyond which the tungsten carbide crystals may exhibit undesired segregation at the root.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Pawlik
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, AGH University of Science and Technology, A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Michał Bembenek
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, AGH University of Science and Technology, A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Góral
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, AGH University of Science and Technology, A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jacek Cieślik
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, AGH University of Science and Technology, A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Janusz Krawczyk
- Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Aneta Łukaszek-Sołek
- Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Śleboda
- Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Łukasz Frocisz
- Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
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Krawczyk J, Łukaszek-Sołek A, Śleboda T, Lisiecki Ł, Bembenek M, Cieślik J, Góral T, Pawlik J. Tool Wear Issues in Hot Forging of Steel. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:471. [PMID: 36676210 PMCID: PMC9862151 DOI: 10.3390/ma16020471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Steel forging tools are subjected to a number of tribological wear mechanisms depending on the geometry and surface of the tool and the flow of the material. Thus, there is no single general tribological wear mechanism, and only the predominant wear mechanisms in this case can be indicated. The problem has been known for years, but due to its complexity research on it is still relevant. In this study, the various wear mechanisms of hot work tools are analyzed on the basis of original research. Moreover, the influence of the micro- and macrostructure of the material and of its mechanical, physical, and technological characteristics on susceptibility to a given type of wear is considered. Adhesive wear, wear caused by plastic deformation, mechanical fatigue, thermal fatigue, the influence of hardness, heat treatment, and impact strength on tool wear and the mechanisms causing this wear are discussed in addition to tribological wear mechanisms such as abrasive wear. The influence of thermomechanical history and the characteristics of the tool material, including structural anisotropy, on the wear of these tools is indicated. The analysis of wear mechanisms performed will enable more precise definition of the principles of tool material selection and tool material condition for the hot forging of steel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz Krawczyk
- Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Av. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Aneta Łukaszek-Sołek
- Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Av. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Śleboda
- Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Av. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Łukasz Lisiecki
- Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Av. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Michał Bembenek
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Av. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jacek Cieślik
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Av. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Góral
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Av. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jan Pawlik
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Av. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
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Góral T, Przetakiewicz J, Ochodzki P, Wiewióra B, Wiśniewska H. Quantification of DNA of Fusarium culmorum and Trichothecene Genotypes 3ADON and NIV in the Grain of Winter Wheat. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121449. [PMID: 36558783 PMCID: PMC9788549 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a wheat disease caused by fungi of the genus Fusarium. The aim of the study was to find relationships between the weather conditions in the experimental years and the locations and the amount of F. culmorum DNA and trichothecene genotypes, as well as the proportions between them. A three-year field experiment (2017, 2018 and 2019) was established in two locations (Poznań, Radzików). The DNA of F. culmorum was detected in all grain samples in an average amount of 20,124 pg per 1 μg of wheat DNA. The average amount of DNA from the 3ADON genotype was 4879 pg/μg and the amount of DNA from the NIV genotype was 3330 pg/μg. Weather conditions strongly affected the amount of DNA of F. culmorum and trichothecene genotypes detected in the grain. In the three experimental years, a high variability was observed in the coefficients of correlation between DNA concentrations and the FHB index, FDK, ergosterol and the corresponding toxins. There were significant correlations between disease incidence, fungal biomass (quantified as the total amount of fungal DNA or DNA trichothecene genotypes) and toxins (DON, 3AcDON and NIV) concentrations. The 3ADON trichothecene genotype dominated over the NIV genotype (ratio 1.5); however, this varied greatly depending on environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Góral
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute—National Research Institute, Radzików, 05-870 Błonie, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-733-4636
| | - Jarosław Przetakiewicz
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute—National Research Institute, Radzików, 05-870 Błonie, Poland
| | - Piotr Ochodzki
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute—National Research Institute, Radzików, 05-870 Błonie, Poland
| | - Barbara Wiewióra
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute—National Research Institute, Radzików, 05-870 Błonie, Poland
| | - Halina Wiśniewska
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 Strzeszyńska Str., 60-479 Poznań, Poland
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Pawlik J, Cieślik J, Bembenek M, Góral T, Kapayeva S, Kapkenova M. On the Influence of Linear Energy/Heat Input Coefficient on Hardness and Weld Bead Geometry in Chromium-Rich Stringer GMAW Coatings. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:ma15176019. [PMID: 36079399 PMCID: PMC9457364 DOI: 10.3390/ma15176019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Wear of the working surfaces of machinery parts is a phenomenon that cannot be fully countered, only postponed. Among surface lifecycle elongation techniques, hardfacing is one which is most often used in heavy load applications. Hardfaced coating can be applied using different welding approaches or thermal spraying technologies, which differ when it comes to weld bead dimensional precision, layer thickness, process efficiency and material. In this study the authors examine the geometrical behavior and hardness properties of two distinctive chromium-based Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) cored wires. The stringer beads are applied numerically with five levels of linear energy, being a resultant of typical values of welding speed and wire feed, ranging between 250 mm/s to 1250 mm/s (welding speed) and 2 m/min to 10 m/min (wire feed). The samples were cut, etched and measured using a digital microscope and Vickers indenter, additionally the chemical composition was also examined. Hardness was measured at five points in each cutout, giving 40 measurements per sample. The values were analyzed using an ANOVA test as a statistical background in order to emphasize the divergent behavior of the cored wires. It appeared that, despite having less chromium in its chemical composition, wire DO*351 exhibits higher hardness values; however, DO*332 tends to have a more stable geometry across all of the heat input levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Pawlik
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, AGH University of Science and Technology, A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jacek Cieślik
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, AGH University of Science and Technology, A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Michał Bembenek
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, AGH University of Science and Technology, A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Góral
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, AGH University of Science and Technology, A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Sarken Kapayeva
- School of Mechanical Engineering, D. Serikbayev East Kazakhstan Technical University, Ulitsa Serikbayeva 19, Ust-Kamenogorsk 070000, Kazakhstan
| | - Madina Kapkenova
- School of Mechanical Engineering, D. Serikbayev East Kazakhstan Technical University, Ulitsa Serikbayeva 19, Ust-Kamenogorsk 070000, Kazakhstan
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7
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Przybylska-Balcerek A, Szablewski T, Cegielska-Radziejewska R, Góral T, Kurasiak-Popowska D, Stuper-Szablewska K. Assessment of Antimicrobial Properties of Phenolic Acid Extracts from Grain Infected with Fungi from the Genus Fusarium. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27051741. [PMID: 35268842 PMCID: PMC8911651 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Problems related with biological contamination of plant origin raw materials have a considerable effect on prevention systems at each stage of food production. Concerning the antimicrobial action of phenolic acids, studies were undertaken to investigate antibacterial properties against bacterial strains of Escherichia coli (EC), Pseudomonas fluorescence (PF), Micrococcus luteus (ML) and Proteus mirabilis (PM), as well as antifungal properties targeting microscopic fungi Fusarium spp., extracts of phenolic compounds coming from inoculated grain from various genotypes of cereals. This study evaluated the antimicrobial action of phenolic acids extracts obtained from both naturally infested and inoculated with microorganisms. For this purpose a total of 24 cereal cultivars were selected, including 9 winter and 15 spring cultivars. The analyses showed a bactericidal effect in the case of 4 extracts against Micrococcus luteus (ML), 14 extracts against Pseudomonas fluorescence (PF), 17 extracts against Escherichia coli (EC) as well as 16 extracts against Proteus mirabilis (PM). It was found that 3 out of the 24 extracts showed no antibacterial activity. In turn, fungicidal action was observed in the case of 17 extracts against Fusarium culmorum (FC) (NIV), 16 extracts against FC (3AcDON), 12 extracts against Fusarium graminearum (FG) (3AcDON), while 12 other extracts showed antifungal action against FG (NIV) and 19 extracts against Fusarium langsethiae (FL). Based on the conducted analyses it was found that grain of small-grained cereals exposed to fungal infection is a source of bioactive compounds exhibiting antimicrobial properties. It was observed that the qualitative and quantitative profiles of polyphenols vary depending on the cereal cultivar. This extracts may be used to develop an antimicrobial preparation applicable in organic farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Przybylska-Balcerek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-628 Poznań, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Tomasz Szablewski
- Department of Food Quality and Safety Management, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-624 Poznań, Poland; (T.S.); (R.C.-R.)
| | - Renata Cegielska-Radziejewska
- Department of Food Quality and Safety Management, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-624 Poznań, Poland; (T.S.); (R.C.-R.)
| | - Tomasz Góral
- Department of Applied Biology, Plant Breeding and Acclimation Institute—National Research Institute, Radzików, 05-870 Błonie, Poland;
| | - Danuta Kurasiak-Popowska
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agronomy, Horticulture and Bioengineering Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-632 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Kinga Stuper-Szablewska
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-628 Poznań, Poland;
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Chojnacka KJ, Elancheliyan P, Mussulini BHM, Mohanraj K, Callegari S, Gosk A, Banach T, Góral T, Szczepanowska K, Rehling P, Serwa RA, Chacińska A. Ovarian carcinoma immunoreactive antigen-like protein 2 (OCIAD2) is a novel complex III specific assembly factor in mitochondria. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar29. [PMID: 35080992 PMCID: PMC9250361 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-03-0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Assembly of the dimeric complex III (CIII2) in the mitochondrial inner membrane is an intricate process in which several accessory proteins are involved as assembly factors. Despite numerous studies, this process has yet to be fully understood. Here we report the identification of human OCIAD2 (ovarian carcinoma immunoreactive antigen–like protein 2) as an assembly factor for CIII2. OCIAD2 was found to be deregulated in several carcinomas and also in some neurogenerative disorders; however, its nonpathological role had not been elucidated. We have shown that OCIAD2 localizes to mitochondria and interacts with electron transport chain (ETC) proteins. Complete loss of OCIAD2 using gene editing in HEK293 cells resulted in abnormal mitochondrial morphology, a substantial decrease of both CIII2 and supercomplex III2+IV, and a reduction in CIII enzymatic activity. Identification of OCIAD2 as a protein required for assembly of functional CIII2 provides a new insight into the biogenesis and architecture of the ETC. Elucidating the mechanism of OCIAD2 action is important both for the understanding of cellular metabolism and for an understanding of its role in malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Karthik Mohanraj
- ReMedy International Research Agenda Unit, IMol Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylvie Callegari
- Ubiquitin Signalling Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Gosk
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Banach
- ReMedy International Research Agenda Unit, IMol Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Góral
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Szczepanowska
- ReMedy International Research Agenda Unit, IMol Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Peter Rehling
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Goettingen, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Remigiusz Adam Serwa
- ReMedy International Research Agenda Unit, IMol Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Chacińska
- ReMedy International Research Agenda Unit, IMol Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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9
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Izzo M, Jacquet M, Fujiwara T, Harputlu E, Mazur R, Wróbel P, Góral T, Unlu CG, Ocakoglu K, Miyagishima S, Kargul J. Development of a Novel Nanoarchitecture of the Robust Photosystem I from a Volcanic Microalga Cyanidioschyzon merolae on Single Layer Graphene for Improved Photocurrent Generation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8396. [PMID: 34445103 PMCID: PMC8395140 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report the development of a novel photoactive biomolecular nanoarchitecture based on the genetically engineered extremophilic photosystem I (PSI) biophotocatalyst interfaced with a single layer graphene via pyrene-nitrilotriacetic acid self-assembled monolayer (SAM). For the oriented and stable immobilization of the PSI biophotocatalyst, an His6-tag was genetically engineered at the N-terminus of the stromal PsaD subunit of PSI, allowing for the preferential binding of this photoactive complex with its reducing side towards the graphene monolayer. This approach yielded a novel robust and ordered nanoarchitecture designed to generate an efficient direct electron transfer pathway between graphene, the metal redox center in the organic SAM and the photo-oxidized PSI biocatalyst. The nanosystem yielded an overall current output of 16.5 µA·cm-2 for the nickel- and 17.3 µA·cm-2 for the cobalt-based nanoassemblies, and was stable for at least 1 h of continuous standard illumination. The novel green nanosystem described in this work carries the high potential for future applications due to its robustness, highly ordered and simple architecture characterized by the high biophotocatalyst loading as well as simplicity of manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Izzo
- Solar Fuels Laboratory, Center of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2C, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.I.); (M.J.)
| | - Margot Jacquet
- Solar Fuels Laboratory, Center of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2C, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.I.); (M.J.)
| | - Takayuki Fujiwara
- Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Yata 111, Mishima 411-8540, Japan; (T.F.); (S.M.)
| | - Ersan Harputlu
- Department of Engineering Fundamental Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Tarsus University, Tarsus 33400, Turkey; (E.H.); (K.O.)
| | - Radosław Mazur
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Piotr Wróbel
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Góral
- Cryomicroscopy and Electron Diffraction Core Facility, Center of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - C. Gokhan Unlu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pamukkale University, Denizli 20070, Turkey;
| | - Kasim Ocakoglu
- Department of Engineering Fundamental Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Tarsus University, Tarsus 33400, Turkey; (E.H.); (K.O.)
| | - Shinya Miyagishima
- Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Yata 111, Mishima 411-8540, Japan; (T.F.); (S.M.)
| | - Joanna Kargul
- Solar Fuels Laboratory, Center of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2C, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.I.); (M.J.)
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10
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Edgecombe GD, Strullu-Derrien C, Góral T, Hetherington AJ, Thompson C, Koch M. Aquatic stem group myriapods close a gap between molecular divergence dates and the terrestrial fossil record. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:8966-8972. [PMID: 32253305 PMCID: PMC7183169 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1920733117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying marine or freshwater fossils that belong to the stem groups of the major terrestrial arthropod radiations is a longstanding challenge. Molecular dating and fossils of their pancrustacean sister group predict that myriapods originated in the Cambrian, much earlier than their oldest known fossils, but uncertainty about stem group Myriapoda confounds efforts to resolve the timing of the group's terrestrialization. Among a small set of candidates for membership in the stem group of Myriapoda, the Cambrian to Triassic euthycarcinoids have repeatedly been singled out. The only known Devonian euthycarcinoid, Heterocrania rhyniensis from the Rhynie and Windyfield cherts hot spring complex in Scotland, reveals details of head structures that constrain the evolutionary position of euthycarcinoids. The head capsule houses an anterior cuticular tentorium, a feature uniquely shared by myriapods and hexapods. Confocal microscopy recovers myriapod-like characters of the preoral chamber, such as a prominent hypopharynx supported by tentorial bars and superlinguae between the mandibles and hypopharynx, reinforcing an alliance between euthycarcinoids and myriapods recovered in recent phylogenetic analysis. The Cambrian occurrence of the earliest euthycarcinoids supplies the oldest compelling evidence for an aquatic stem group for either Myriapoda or Hexapoda, previously a lacuna in the body fossil record of these otherwise terrestrial lineages until the Silurian and Devonian, respectively. The trace fossil record of euthycarcinoids in the Cambrian and Ordovician reveals amphibious locomotion in tidal environments and fills a gap between molecular estimates for myriapod origins in the Cambrian and a post-Ordovician crown group fossil record.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory D Edgecombe
- Department of Earth Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom;
| | - Christine Strullu-Derrien
- Department of Earth Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, UMR 7205, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Tomasz Góral
- Imaging and Analysis Centre, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Christine Thompson
- Department of Natural Sciences, National Museums Scotland, Edinburgh EH1 1JF, United Kingdom
| | - Markus Koch
- Senckenberg Society for Nature Research, Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute for Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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11
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Vega FE, Smith LT, Davies NMJ, Moat J, Góral T, O’Sullivan R, Davis AP. Elucidation of Hosts, Native Distribution, and Habitat of the Coffee Berry Borer ( Hypothenemus hampei) Using Herbaria and Other Museum Collections. Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:1188. [PMID: 31632423 PMCID: PMC6781851 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei) is the most damaging insect pest of global coffee production. Despite its importance, our knowledge on the insect's natural habitat, range, and wild host species remains poorly known. Using archival sources (mainly herbaria but also other museum collections), we surveyed 18,667 predominantly wild-collected herbarium specimens mostly from Africa, Madagascar, and Asia for coffee berry borer occurrence. A total of 72 incidences were confirmed for presence of the coffee berry borer, with identifications assisted by micro-CT for SEM. Of the 72 positive infestations, all were from tropical African coffee (Coffea) species, of which 32 were from wild (non-cultivated) plants. Of the 32 wild occurrences, 30 were found in C. canephora (robusta coffee), 1 in C. liberica (Liberica coffee), and 1 in C. arabica (Arabica coffee). Our herbarium survey confirms literature and anecdotal reports that the coffee berry borer is indigenous to tropical Africa, and that coffee species, and particularly robusta coffee, are important hosts. We identify the wetter type of Guineo-Congolian forest as either the preferred or exclusive native habitat of the coffee berry borer. Other than coffee, we find no evidence of other naturally occurring hosts. Characters of infestation (e.g., hole position on coffee fruits) infers a certain degree of specificity between the coffee berry borer and its host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando E. Vega
- Sustainable Perennial Crops Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Lucy T. Smith
- Natural Capital Department (APD), Identification and Naming Department (LTS and NMJD), Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom
| | - Nina M. J. Davies
- Natural Capital Department (APD), Identification and Naming Department (LTS and NMJD), Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom
| | - Justin Moat
- Natural Capital Department (APD), Identification and Naming Department (LTS and NMJD), Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom
| | - Tomasz Góral
- Zespół ds. Infrastruktury, Centrum Nowych Technologii Uniwersytetu, Warszawa, Poland
- The Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert O’Sullivan
- Natural Capital Department (APD), Identification and Naming Department (LTS and NMJD), Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron P. Davis
- Natural Capital Department (APD), Identification and Naming Department (LTS and NMJD), Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom
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12
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Perlikowski D, Wiśniewska H, Góral T, Ochodzki P, Majka M, Pawłowicz I, Belter J, Kosmala A. Identification of Proteomic Components Associated with Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight in Rye. Plant Pathol J 2019; 35:313-320. [PMID: 31481854 PMCID: PMC6706010 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.11.2018.0278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Rye was used here to dissect molecular mechanisms of resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB) and to go deeper with our understanding of that process in cereals. F. culmorum-damaged kernels of two lines different in their potential of resistance to FHB were analyzed using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify resistance markers. The proteome profiling was accompanied by measurements of α- and β-amylase activities and mycotoxin content. The proteomic studies indicated a total of 18 spots with clear differences in protein abundance between the more resistant and more susceptible rye lines after infection. Eight proteins were involved in carbohydrate metabolism of which six proteins showed a significantly higher abundance in the resistant line. The other proteins recognized here were involved in stress response and redox homeostasis. Three remaining proteins were associated with protease inhibition/resistance and lignin biosynthesis, revealing higher accumulation levels in the susceptible rye line. After inoculation, the activities of α- and β-amylases, higher in the susceptible line, were probably responsible for a higher level of starch decomposition after infection and a higher susceptibility to FHB. The presented results could be a good reference for further research to improve crop resistance to FHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Perlikowski
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Poznan,
Poland
| | - Halina Wiśniewska
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Poznan,
Poland
| | - Tomasz Góral
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute – National Research Institute, 05-870 Blonie,
Poland
| | - Piotr Ochodzki
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute – National Research Institute, 05-870 Blonie,
Poland
| | - Maciej Majka
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Poznan,
Poland
| | - Izabela Pawłowicz
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Poznan,
Poland
| | - Jolanta Belter
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Poznan,
Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Kosmala
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Poznan,
Poland
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13
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Góral T, Wiśniewska H, Ochodzki P, Nielsen LK, Walentyn-Góral D, Stępień Ł. Relationship between Fusarium Head Blight, Kernel Damage, Concentration of Fusarium Biomass, and Fusarium Toxins in Grain of Winter Wheat Inoculated with Fusarium culmorum. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 11:E2. [PMID: 30577649 PMCID: PMC6357003 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Winter wheat lines were evaluated for their reaction to Fusarium head blight (FHB) after inoculation with Fusarium culmorum in two field experiments. A mixture of two F. culmorum chemotypes was applied (3ADON-deoxynivalenol producing, NIV-nivalenol producing). Different types of resistance were evaluated, including head infection, kernel damage, Fusarium biomass content and trichothecenes B (deoxynivalenol (DON), and nivalenol (NIV)) accumulation in grain. The aim of the study was to find relationships between different types of resistance. Head infection (FHB index) and Fusarium damaged kernels (FDK) were visually scored. Fusarium biomass was analysed using real-time PCR. Trichothecenes B accumulation was analysed using gas chromatography. Wheat lines differ in their reaction to inoculation for all parameters describing FHB resistance. We found a wide variability of FHB indexes, FDK, and Fusarium biomass content. Both toxins were present. DON content was about 60% higher than NIV and variability of this proportion between lines was observed. Significant correlation was found between head infection symptoms and FDK. Head infection was correlated with F. culmorum biomass and NIV concentration in grain. No correlation was found between the FHB index and DON concentration. Similarly, FDK was not correlated with DON content, but it was with NIV content; however, the coefficients were higher than for the FHB index. Fusarium biomass amount was positively correlated with both toxins as well as with the FHB index and FDK. Environmental conditions significantly influenced the DON/NIV ratio in grain. In locations where less F. culmorum biomass was detected, the DON amount was higher than NIV, while in locations where more F. culmorum biomass was observed, NIV prevailed over DON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Góral
- Department of Plant Pathology, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute⁻National Research Institute, Radzików, 05-870 Błonie, Poland.
| | - Halina Wiśniewska
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Piotr Ochodzki
- Department of Plant Pathology, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute⁻National Research Institute, Radzików, 05-870 Błonie, Poland.
| | | | - Dorota Walentyn-Góral
- Department of Plant Pathology, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute⁻National Research Institute, Radzików, 05-870 Błonie, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Stępień
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland.
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14
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Gooday AJ, Sykes D, Góral T, Zubkov MV, Glover AG. Micro-CT 3D imaging reveals the internal structure of three abyssal xenophyophore species (Protista, Foraminifera) from the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12103. [PMID: 30108286 PMCID: PMC6092355 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30186-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Xenophyophores, giant foraminifera, are distinctive members of the deep-sea megafauna that accumulate large masses of waste material ('stercomare') within their agglutinated tests, and organise their cells as branching strands enclosed within an organic tube (the 'granellare' system). Using non-destructive, three-dimensional micro-CT imaging we explored these structures in three species from the abyssal eastern Pacific Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ). In Psammina spp., the low-density stercomare occupied much of the test interior, while high-density granellare strands branched throughout the structure. In Galatheammina sp. the test comprised a mixture of stercomare and test particles, with the granellare forming a web-like system of filaments. The granellare occupied 2.8-5.1%, the stercomare 72.4-82.4%, and test particles 14.7-22.5%, of the 'body' volume in the two Psammina species. The corresponding proportions in Galatheammina sp. were 1.7% (granellare), 39.5% (stercomare) and 58.8% (test particles). These data provide a potential basis for estimating the contribution of xenophyophores to seafloor biomass in areas like the CCZ where they dominate the megafauna. As in most xenophyophore species, the granellare hosted huge numbers of tiny barite crystals. We speculate that these help to support the extensive granellare system, as well as reducing the cell volume and lightening the metabolic burden required to maintain it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Gooday
- National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton Waterfront Campus, Southampton, UK.
| | - Dan Sykes
- Imaging and Analysis Centre, Natural History Museum, London, UK.,Henry Moseley X-ray Imaging Facility, School of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Tomasz Góral
- Imaging and Analysis Centre, Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | - Mikhail V Zubkov
- National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton Waterfront Campus, Southampton, UK.,Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, Argyll, UK
| | - Adrian G Glover
- Life Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, London, UK
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15
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Góral T, Wiśniewska H, Ochodzki P, Walentyn-Góral D. Higher Fusarium Toxin Accumulation in Grain of Winter Triticale Lines Inoculated with Fusarium culmorum as Compared with Wheat. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:toxins8100301. [PMID: 27763547 PMCID: PMC5086661 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8100301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to Fusarium head blight in 32 winter triticale and 34 winter wheat accessions was evaluated. Triticale and wheat were sown in field experiments in two locations. At the time of flowering, heads were inoculated with three Fusarium culmorum isolates. Fusarium head blight index was scored and after the harvest percentage of Fusarium damaged kernels was assessed. Grain was analysed for type B trichothecenes (deoxynivalenol and derivatives, nivalenol) and zearalenone (ZEN) content. The average Fusarium head blight indexes were 28.0% for wheat and 19.2% for triticale accessions. The percentage of Fusarium damaged kernels was also higher for wheat and came to 55.6%, while for triticale this figure was 40.2%. The average content of deoxynivalenol (DON) for wheat amounted to 11.65 mg/kg and was lower than the result for triticale which was 14.12 mg/kg. The average contents of nivalenol were similar in both cereals: 4.13 mg/kg and 5.19 mg/kg for wheat and triticale respectively. Considerable amounts of DON derivatives in the cereals were also detected. The ZEN content in the grain was 0.60 mg/kg for wheat and 0.66 mg/kg for triticale. Relationships between Fusarium head blight index, Fusarium damaged kernels and mycotoxin contents were statistically significant for wheat and mostly insignificant for triticale. Triticale proved to have less infected heads and kernels than wheat. However, the content of type B trichothecenes was higher in triticale grain than in wheat grain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Góral
- Department of Plant Pathology, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute, Radzików, 05-870 Blonie, Poland.
| | - Halina Wiśniewska
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 Strzeszynska str., 60-479 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Piotr Ochodzki
- Department of Plant Pathology, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute, Radzików, 05-870 Blonie, Poland.
| | - Dorota Walentyn-Góral
- Department of Plant Pathology, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute, Radzików, 05-870 Blonie, Poland.
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16
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Buśko M, Stuper K, Jeleń H, Góral T, Chmielewski J, Tyrakowska B, Perkowski J. Comparison of Volatiles Profile and Contents of Trichothecenes Group B, Ergosterol, and ATP of Bread Wheat, Durum Wheat, and Triticale Grain Naturally Contaminated by Mycobiota. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:1243. [PMID: 27597856 PMCID: PMC4992695 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In natural conditions cereals can be infested by pathogenic fungi. These can reduce the grain yield and quality by contamination with mycotoxins which are harmful for plants, animals, and humans. To date, performed studies of the compounds profile have allowed for the distinction of individual species of fungi. The aim of this study was to determine the profile of volatile compounds and trichothecenes of group B, ergosterol, adenosine triphosphate content carried out on a representative sample of 16 genotypes of related cereals: triticale, bread wheat, and durum wheat. Based on an analysis of volatile compounds by means of gas chromatography mass spectrometry and with the use of an electronic nose, volatile profiles for cereals were determined. Differentiation is presented at four levels through discriminant analysis, heatmaps, principal component analysis (PCA), and electronic nose maps. The statistical model was built by subsequent incorporation of chemical groups such as trichothecenes (GC/MS), fungal biomass indicators ergosterol (HPLC) and ATP (luminometric) and volatiles. The results of the discriminatory analyses showed that the volatile metabolites most markedly differentiated grain samples, among which were mainly: lilial, trichodiene, p-xylene. Electronic nose analysis made it possible to completely separate all the analyzed cereals based only on 100 ions from the 50-150 m/z range. The research carried out using chemometric analysis indicated significant differences in the volatile metabolites present in the grain of bread wheat, durum wheat and triticale. The end result of the performed analyses was a complete discrimination of the examined cereals based on the metabolites present in their grain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Buśko
- Department of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life SciencesPoznan, Poland
| | - Kinga Stuper
- Department of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life SciencesPoznan, Poland
| | - Henryk Jeleń
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life SciencesPoznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Góral
- Department of Plant Pathology, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute NRIRadzików, Poland
| | - Jarosław Chmielewski
- Department of Instrumental Analysis, Poznań University of EconomicsPoznan, Poland
| | - Bożena Tyrakowska
- Department of Instrumental Analysis, Poznań University of EconomicsPoznan, Poland
| | - Juliusz Perkowski
- Department of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life SciencesPoznan, Poland
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17
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Perlikowski D, Wiśniewska H, Kaczmarek J, Góral T, Ochodzki P, Kwiatek M, Majka M, Augustyniak A, Kosmala A. Alterations in Kernel Proteome after Infection with Fusarium culmorum in Two Triticale Cultivars with Contrasting Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:1217. [PMID: 27582751 PMCID: PMC4987376 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Highlight: The level of pathogen alpha-amylase and plant beta-amylase activities could be components of plant-pathogen interaction associated with the resistance of triticale to Fusarium head blight. Triticale was used here as a model to recognize new components of molecular mechanism of resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB) in cereals. Fusarium-damaged kernels (FDK) of two lines distinct in levels of resistance to FHB were applied into a proteome profiling using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) to create protein maps and mass spectrometry (MS) to identify the proteins differentially accumulated between the analyzed lines. This proteomic research was supported by a measurement of alpha- and beta-amylase activities, mycotoxin content, and fungal biomass in the analyzed kernels. The 2-DE analysis indicated a total of 23 spots with clear differences in a protein content between the more resistant and more susceptible triticale lines after infection with Fusarium culmorum. A majority of the proteins were involved in a cell carbohydrate metabolism, stressing the importance of this protein group in a plant response to Fusarium infection. The increased accumulation levels of different isoforms of plant beta-amylase were observed for a more susceptible triticale line after inoculation but these were not supported by a total level of beta-amylase activity, showing the highest value in the control conditions. The more resistant line was characterized by a higher abundance of alpha-amylase inhibitor CM2 subunit and simultaneously a lower activity of alpha-amylase after inoculation. We suggest that the level of pathogen alpha-amylase and plant beta-amylase activities could be components of plant-pathogen interaction associated with the resistance of triticale to FHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Perlikowski
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of SciencesPoznan, Poland
| | - Halina Wiśniewska
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of SciencesPoznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Kaczmarek
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of SciencesPoznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Góral
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute—National Research InstituteBlonie, Poland
| | - Piotr Ochodzki
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute—National Research InstituteBlonie, Poland
| | - Michał Kwiatek
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of SciencesPoznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Majka
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of SciencesPoznan, Poland
| | - Adam Augustyniak
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of SciencesPoznan, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Kosmala
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of SciencesPoznan, Poland
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18
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Wiśniewska H, Surma M, Krystkowiak K, Adamski T, Kuczyńska A, Ogrodowicz P, Mikołajczak K, Belter J, Majka M, Kaczmarek Z, Krajewski P, Sawikowska A, Lenc L, Baturo-Cieśniewska A, Łukanowski A, Góral T, Sadowski C. Simultaneous selection for yield-related traits and susceptibility to Fusarium head blight in spring wheat RIL population. Breed Sci 2016; 66:281-92. [PMID: 27162499 PMCID: PMC4785005 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.66.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by the fungal plant pathogen Fusarium, is a fungal disease that occurs in wheat and can cause significant yield and grain quality losses. The present paper examines variation in the resistance of spring wheat lines derived from a cross between Zebra and Saar cultivars. Experiments covering 198 lines and parental cultivars were conducted in three years, in which inoculation with Fusarium culmorum was applied. Resistance levels were estimated by scoring disease symptoms on kernels. In spite of a similar reaction of parents to F. culmorum infection, significant differentiation between lines was found in all the analyzed traits. Seven molecular markers selected as linked to FHB resistance QTLs gave polymorphic products for Zebra and Saar: Xgwm566, Xgwm46, Xgwm389, Xgwm533, Xgwm156, Xwmc238, and Xgwm341. Markers Xgwm389 and Xgwm533 were associated with the rate of Fusarium-damaged kernels (FDK) as well as with kernel weight per spike and thousand kernel weight in control plants. Zebra allele of marker Xwmc238 increased kernel weight per spike and thousand kernel weight both in control and infected plants, whereas Zebra allele of marker Xgwm566 reduced the percentage of FDK and simultaneously reduced the thousand kernel weight in control and infected plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina Wiśniewska
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences,
Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań,
Poland
| | - Maria Surma
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences,
Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań,
Poland
| | - Karolina Krystkowiak
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences,
Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań,
Poland
| | - Tadeusz Adamski
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences,
Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań,
Poland
| | - Anetta Kuczyńska
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences,
Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań,
Poland
| | - Piotr Ogrodowicz
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences,
Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań,
Poland
| | - Krzysztof Mikołajczak
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences,
Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań,
Poland
| | - Jolanta Belter
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences,
Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań,
Poland
| | - Maciej Majka
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences,
Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań,
Poland
| | - Zygmunt Kaczmarek
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences,
Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań,
Poland
| | - Paweł Krajewski
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences,
Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań,
Poland
| | - Aneta Sawikowska
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences,
Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań,
Poland
| | - Leszek Lenc
- Department of Molecular Phytopathology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, University of Technology and Life Sciences,
Kordeckiego 20, 85-225 Bydgoszcz,
Poland
| | - Anna Baturo-Cieśniewska
- Department of Molecular Phytopathology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, University of Technology and Life Sciences,
Kordeckiego 20, 85-225 Bydgoszcz,
Poland
| | - Aleksander Łukanowski
- Department of Molecular Phytopathology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, University of Technology and Life Sciences,
Kordeckiego 20, 85-225 Bydgoszcz,
Poland
| | - Tomasz Góral
- Department of Plant Pathology, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute NRI,
Radzików, 05-870 Błonie,
Poland
| | - Czesław Sadowski
- Department of Molecular Phytopathology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, University of Technology and Life Sciences,
Kordeckiego 20, 85-225 Bydgoszcz,
Poland
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19
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Góral T, Stuper-Szablewska K, Buśko M, Boczkowska M, Walentyn-Góral D, Wiśniewska H, Perkowski J. Relationships between Genetic Diversity and Fusarium Toxin Profiles of Winter Wheat Cultivars. Plant Pathol J 2015; 31:226-44. [PMID: 26361471 PMCID: PMC4564148 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.03.2015.0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight is one of the most important and most common diseases of winter wheat. In order to better understanding this disease and to assess the correlations between different factors, 30 cultivars of this cereal were evaluated in a two-year period. Fusarium head blight resistance was evaluated and the concentration of trichothecene mycotoxins was analysed. Grain samples originated from plants inoculated with Fusarium culmorum and naturally infected with Fusarium species. The genetic distance between the tested cultivars was determined and data were analysed using multivariate data analysis methods. Genetic dissimilarity of wheat cultivars ranged between 0.06 and 0.78. They were grouped into three distinct groups after cluster analysis of genetic distance. Wheat cultivars differed in resistance to spike and kernel infection and in resistance to spread of Fusarium within a spike (type II). Only B trichothecenes (deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol and nivalenol) produced by F. culmorum in grain samples from inoculated plots were present. In control samples trichothecenes of groups A (H-2 toxin, T-2 toxin, T-2 tetraol, T-2 triol, scirpentriol, diacetoxyscirpenol) and B were detected. On the basis of Fusarium head blight assessment and analysis of trichothecene concentration in the grain relationships between morphological characters, Fusarium head blight resistance and mycotoxins in grain of wheat cultivars were examined. The results were used to create of matrices of distance between cultivars - for trichothecene concentration in inoculated and naturally infected grain as well as for FHB resistance Correlations between genetic distance versus resistance/mycotoxin profiles were calculated using the Mantel test. A highly significant correlation between genetic distance and mycotoxin distance was found for the samples inoculated with Fusarium culmorum. Significant but weak relationships were found between genetic distance matrix and FHB resistance or trichothecene concentration in naturally infected grain matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Góral
- Department of Plant Pathology, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute – National Research Institute, Radzików, 05-870 Błonie,
Poland
| | - Kinga Stuper-Szablewska
- Department of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-625 Poznań,
Poland
| | - Maciej Buśko
- Department of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-625 Poznań,
Poland
| | - Maja Boczkowska
- National Centre for Plant Genetic Resources, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute – NRI, Radzików, 05-870 Błonie,
Poland
| | - Dorota Walentyn-Góral
- Department of Plant Pathology, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute – National Research Institute, Radzików, 05-870 Błonie,
Poland
| | - Halina Wiśniewska
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań,
Poland
| | - Juliusz Perkowski
- Department of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-625 Poznań,
Poland
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20
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Grzywacz A, Góral T, Szpila K, Hall MJR. Confocal laser scanning microscopy as a valuable tool in Diptera larval morphology studies. Parasitol Res 2014; 113:4297-302. [PMID: 25231077 PMCID: PMC4200345 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-014-4125-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Larval morphology of flies is traditionally studied using light microscopy, yet in the case of fine structures compound light microscopy is limited due to problems of resolution, illumination and depth of field, not allowing for precise recognition of sclerites' edges and interactions. Using larval instars of cyclorrhaphan Diptera, we show the usefulness of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) for studying the morphological characters of immature stages by taking advantage of the autofluorescent properties of cephaloskeleton structures. We compare data obtained from killed but unprepared larvae with those from larvae prepared by clearing according to two commonly used methods, either with potassium hydroxide or with Hoyer's medium. We also evaluated the CLSM application for examining already slide-mounted larvae stored in museum collections and those freshly prepared. Our results indicate that CLSM and 3D reconstruction are excellent for visualizing small, compound structures of cylrorrhaphan larvae cephaloskeleton, if appropriate clearing techniques, i.e. the application of KOH, are used. Maximum intensity projection of confocal data sets obtained from material freshly prepared and that stored in museum collection does not differ. Because of this and the fact that KOH is commonly used as a clearing method to examine the cephaloskeleton of Diptera larvae, it is possible, and highly recommended, to use slides already prepared with this method for re-examination by CLSM. We conclude that CLSM application can be an invaluable source of data for studies of larval morphology of Cyclorrhapha by way of taxonomic diagnoses, character identification and improvement in characters homologization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Grzywacz
- Chair of Ecology and Biogeography, Faculty of Ecology and Environment Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland,
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21
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Buśko M, Kulik T, Ostrowska A, Góral T, Perkowski J. Quantitative volatile compound profiles in fungal cultures of three differentFusarium graminearumchemotypes. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2014; 359:85-93. [DOI: 10.1111/1574-6968.12569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Buśko
- Poznań University of Life Sciences; Department of Chemistry; Poznań Poland
| | - Tomasz Kulik
- Department of Diagnostics and Plant Pathophysiology; University of Warmia and Mazury; Olsztyn Poland
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection; University of Warmia and Mazury; Olsztyn Poland
| | - Anna Ostrowska
- Poznań University of Life Sciences; Department of Chemistry; Poznań Poland
| | - Tomasz Góral
- Department of Plant Pathology; Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute NRI; Blonie Poland
| | - Juliusz Perkowski
- Poznań University of Life Sciences; Department of Chemistry; Poznań Poland
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Stuper-Szablewska K, Buśko M, Góral T, Perkowski J. The fatty acid profile in different wheat cultivars depending on the level of contamination with microscopic fungi. Food Chem 2014; 153:216-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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23
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Buśko M, Góral T, Ostrowska A, Matysiak A, Walentyn-Góral D, Perkowski J. The Effect of Fusarium Inoculation and Fungicide Application on Concentrations of Flavonoids (Apigenin, Kaempferol, Luteolin, Naringenin, Quercetin, Rutin, Vitexin) in Winter Wheat Cultivars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2014.525389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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24
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Góral T, Wiśniewska H, Ochodzki P, Walentyn-Górall D, Grzeszczak I, Beletr J, Banaszak Z, Pojmaj M, Kurleto D, Konieczny M, Budzianowski G, Cicha A, Paizert K, Woś H. Performance of winter triticale lines under high disease (Fusarium head blight) pressure. Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci 2014; 79:122-127. [PMID: 26072580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to Fusarium head blight of 29 winter triticale lines and 3 cultivars was evaluated. Triticale was sown in field experiments in two locations. At flowering, triticale heads were inoculated with three Fusarium culmorum isolates. FHB index was scored and after the harvest percentage of Fusarium damaged kernels was assessed. Grain was analyzed for a content of trichothecenes B (deoxynivalenol and derivatives, nivalenol) and zearalenone. The average FHB indexes were similar in both locations and amounted 19.8% in Radzików, and 19.9%. in Cerekwica. Percentage of Fusarium damaged kernels was higher in Cerekwica (53.7%) than in Radzików (26.8%). An average content of DON in Radzików amounted to 8.690 ppm and was lower than in the second locaiion--19.543 ppm. In Cerekwica there were also large quantities of NIV in grain. The average content was 10.048 ppm, while in Radzików it was very low--0.324 ppm. Considerable amounts of DON derivatives in both locations were detected (1,815 ppm of 3AcDON and 1,913 ppm of 15AcDON). The content of the ZON in the grain from Cerekwica was very high and amounted to 1123 ppb, while in Radzików it was 6 times lower--200 ppb. Relationships between FHB index and mycotoxin contents were statistically insignificant in both locations. In contrast, FDK percentages correlated significantly with concentration of mycotoxins. In both locations the parallel experiments with 36 winter wheat were carried out. Triticale proved to be less infected than wheat. However, the content of trichothecenes, was higher in triticale grain than in wheat grain.
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25
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Wojakowska A, Perkowski J, Góral T, Stobiecki M. Structural characterization of flavonoid glycosides from leaves of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using LC/MS/MS profiling of the target compounds. J Mass Spectrom 2013; 48:329-339. [PMID: 23494788 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to present integrated mass spectrometric methods for the structural characterization and identification of flavonoid glycoconjugates. During the liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analyses, TriVersa NanoMate chip-based system with nanoelectrospray ionization and fraction collection was combined to a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer. In the extract samples prepared from green leaves of wheat plantlets, 41 flavonoid derivatives were recognized. Part of the target natural products had the full structure being characterized after the registration of mass spectra, where m/z values for protonated [M + H](+) and deprotonated molecules [M - H](-) were annotated. MS(2) and pseudo-MS(3) experiments were performed for [M + H](+) or [M - H](-) and aglycone ions (Y0(+/-)-type), respectively. It should be underlined that pseudo-MS(3) mass spectra were registered for aglycone product ions in the mass spectra of O-glycosides present in the extract samples. In many cases, only tentative structural identification of aglycones was possible, mainly because of the presence of numerous C-monoglycoside or C-diglycoside in the samples. Acylation of the sugar moiety and/or methylation of the aglycone in the flavonoid glycosides under study was observed. The existence of isobaric and/or isomeric compounds was demonstrated in the extract studied. The collision-induced dissociation mass spectra registered for C,O-diglycosides and C,C-diglycosides did not permit to draw complete structural conclusions about the compounds studied. For the investigated class of natural products, unambiguous classification of sugar moieties linked to the aglycones from the recorded mass spectra was not possible. Registration of the positive and negative ion mass spectra did not lead to the precise conclusion about the glycosylation position at C-6 or C-8, and O-4' or O-7 atoms. It was possible, on the basis of the collected MS(2) spectra, to differentiate between O-glycosides and C-glycosides present in the samples analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wojakowska
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland
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26
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Perkowski J, Stuper K, Buśko M, Góral T, Kaczmarek A, Jeleń H. Differences in metabolomic profiles of the naturally contaminated grain of barley, oats and rye. J Cereal Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2012.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Perkowski J, Stuper K, Buśko M, Góral T, Jeleń H, Wiwart M, Suchowilska E. A comparison of contents of group A and B trichothecenes and microbial counts in different cereal species. Food Addit Contam Part B Surveill 2012; 5:151-9. [PMID: 24779779 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2012.675591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Concentrations of trichothecenes and the amounts of microbial biomass were compared in grain of bread wheat, durum wheat, triticale, rye, oat and barley. Grain samples came from lines regionalised in Poland grown under identical climatic and agricultural conditions in 2007. Among the six analysed cereals, the highest mean concentration of toxic metabolites of 151.89 µg/kg was found for grain of Triticum durum, whereas the lowest was for barley grain (25.56 µg/kg). The highest contamination with microscopic fungi was recorded in case of barley and rice grain (mean concentrations of ergosterol were 12.53 mg/kg and 11.24 mg/kg, respectively). In case of the analysed cereals, the total microbial biomass expressed in the amount of ATP turned out to be the highest (4.7 × 10⁵ relative light units [RLU]) for rye and oat (3.2 × 10⁵ RLU). The results of the applied classical discrimination analysis indicate a significant diversification of species in terms of all the 11 analysed metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliusz Perkowski
- a Department of Chemistry , Poznan University of Life Science , Poznan , Poland
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28
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Buśko M, Jeleń H, Góral T, Chmielewski J, Stuper K, Szwajkowska-Michałek L, Tyrakowska B, Perkowski J. Volatile metabolites in various cereal grains. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2010; 27:1574-81. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2010.506600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
The spatial and temporal patterns of discharge and dissemination of airborne spores of Phaeosphaeria spp. and Stagonospora spp. were studied. Both ascospores and pycnidiospores of the pathogens were deposited at various densities on microscope slides used as spore samplers. The maximum deposition of the spores was observed during the period of August to October. A multiple regression analysis was used to determine which weather factors significantly explained the variation measured in the numbers of ascospores that settled on microscope slides. Rainfall, air temperature, and relative air humidity were influential in the release of Phaeosphaeria spp. ascospores into the air. The amount of airborne ascospores was a function of the variables and remained largely under their control. The liberation of ascospores was favored by air temperature above 0°C, rainfall greater than 1 mm, and high relative humidity. The range of atmospheric conditions stimulating air dispersal of ascospores was wider than that for pycnidiospores. Pycnidiospores were sampled only during rainy days. Their release was affected adversely by air temperature below 5°C. Multiple regression models based on weather data were developed and verified for their predictive ability and accuracy by jackknife and cross-validation procedures, as well as by comparisons of observed and predicted mean numbers of deposited ascospores per microscope slide after a substitution of each period data set with a set of data of the other respective time interval. The numbers of airborne ascospores predicted by the regression models were in a good agreement with the observed values. The jackknife and cross-validation techniques allowed use of the limited data sets for both the parameter estimation and validation processes in a development of simulation models. The airborne inoculum appeared to be omnipresent over cereal areas year round, except during periods with freezing temperatures and a snow cover. Such an omnipresence of inoculum of the pathogens poses a danger to crops and could be of importance in the epidemiology of Stagonospora (= Septoria) blotches under the climatic conditions of central Poland.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Arseniuk
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute, Radzików 05-870 Blonie, Poland
| | - T Góral
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute, Radzików 05-870 Blonie, Poland
| | - A L Scharen
- Department of Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman 59717
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