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Rosa ÉVF, Da Silveira AR, Sari MHM, Sampaio TB, Dos Santos JT, Müller SG, Fighera MR, Royes LFF, Nogueira CW, Oliveira MS, Furian AF. Beta-caryophyllene mitigates the cognitive impairment caused by repeated exposure to aspartame in rats: Putative role of BDNF-TrKB signaling pathway and acetylcholinesterase activity. Behav Brain Res 2023; 453:114615. [PMID: 37558167 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Aspartame (ASP) is a common sweetener, but studies show it can harm the nervous system, causing learning and memory deficits. β-caryophyllene (BCP), a natural compound found in foods, including bread, coffee, alcoholic beverages, and spices, has already described as a neuroprotector agent. Remarkably, ASP and BCP are commonly consumed, including in the same meal. Therefore, considering that (a) the BCP displays plenty of beneficial effects; (b) the ASP toxicity; and (c) that they can be consumed in the same meal, this study sought to investigate if the BCP would mitigate the memory impairment induced by ASP in rats and investigate the involvement of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/ tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrKB) signaling pathway and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Young male Wistar rats received ASP (75 mg/kg; i.g.) and/or BCP (100 mg/kg; i.p.) once daily, for 14 days. At the end of the treatment, the animals were evaluated in the open field and object recognition tests. The cerebral cortex and hippocampus samples were collected for biochemical and molecular analyses. Results showed that the BCP effectively protected against the cognitive damage caused by ASP in short and long-term memories. In addition, BCP mitigated the increase in AChE activity caused by ASP. Molecular insights revealed augmented BDNF and TrKB levels in the hippocampus of rats treated with BCP, indicating greater activation of this pathway. In conclusion, BCP protected against ASP-induced memory impairment. AChE activity and the BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway seem to be potential targets of BCP modulatory role in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alice Rosa Da Silveira
- Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Tuane Bazanella Sampaio
- Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Sabrina Grendene Müller
- Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Michele Rechia Fighera
- Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Freire Royes
- Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristina Wayne Nogueira
- Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Flávia Furian
- Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Program in Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Braga ACM, Souto NS, Cabral FL, Dassi M, Rosa ÉVF, Guarda NDS, Royes LFF, Fighera MR, Moresco RN, Oliveira MS, Sari MHM, Furian AF. Intermittent Exposure to Aflatoxin B1 Did Not Affect Neurobehavioral Parameters and Biochemical Markers of Oxidative Stress. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13030386. [PMID: 36979196 PMCID: PMC10046455 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13030386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most common toxic mycotoxin that contaminates food. The treatment of its intoxication and the management of contaminations are a constant subject of health agendas worldwide. However, such efforts are not always enough to avoid population intoxication. Our objective was to investigate whether intermittent exposure to AFB1 would cause any impairment in biochemical and behavioral parameters, intending to simulate an irregular consumption. Male Wistar rats received four AFB1 administrations (250 μg/kg) by intragastric route separated by a 96-h interval. Toxicity was evaluated using behavioral tests (open field, object recognition, nest construction, marble burying, and splash test), biochemical markers of oxidative stress (cerebral cortex, hippocampus, liver, and kidneys), and plasma parameters of hepatic and renal functions. The intermittent exposure caused no modification in body weight gain as well as in organ weight. Both control and AFB1 groups presented similar profiles of behavior to all tests performed. Furthermore, AFB1 administrations alter neither antioxidant defenses nor markers of oxidation in all assayed tissues and in the plasma markers of hepatic and renal functions. Therefore, AFB1 intermittent administration did not cause its common damage from exposure to this toxicant, which must be avoided, and additional studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Claudia Monteiro Braga
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Naieli Schiefelbein Souto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Licker Cabral
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Micheli Dassi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Érica Vanessa Furlan Rosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Naiara dos Santos Guarda
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Freire Royes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Michele Rechia Fighera
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Rafael Noal Moresco
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Mauro Schneider Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Marcel Henrique Marcondes Sari
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Furian
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-55-3220-8254
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3
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Souto NS, Dassi M, Braga ACM, Rosa ÉVF, Fighera MR, Royes LFF, Oliveira MS, Sari MHM, Furian AF. Repeated co-exposure to aflatoxin B 1 and aspartame disrupts the central nervous system homeostasis: Behavioral, biochemical, and molecular insights. J Food Sci 2023; 88:1731-1742. [PMID: 36789859 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Several studies demonstrated the toxicity of aspartame (ASP) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1 ) in preclinical models. Although the majority of these reports assessed the toxic effects of each substance separately, their concomitant exposure and hazardous consequences are scarce. Importantly, the deleterious effects at the central nervous system caused by ASP and AFB1 co-exposure are rarely addressed. We evaluated if concomitant exposure to AFB1 and ASP would cause behavioral impairment and alteration in oxidative status of the brain in male rats. Animals received once a day for 14 days AFB1 (250 µg/kg, intragastric gavage [i.g.]), ASP (75 mg/kg, i.g.), or both substances (association). On day 14, they were subjected to behavioral evaluation, and biochemical and molecular parameters of oxidative status were measured in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. In the open field test, AFB1 and combination treatments modified the motor, exploratory, and grooming behavior. In the splash test, all treatments caused a reduction in grooming time compared to the control group. An increase in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances content induced by AFB1 and combination treatments was observed. The antioxidant defenses (vitamin C, nonprotein sulfhydryl, and ferric reducing antioxidant power) were impaired in all groups compared to control. Regarding molecular evaluation, mitochondrial superoxide dismutase-2 immunoreactivity decreased after AFB1 or ASP exposition in the hippocampus. Thus, co-exposure to ASP and AFB1 was potentially more toxic because it aggravated behavioral impairments and oxidative status disbalance in comparison to the groups that received only ASP or AFB1 . Therefore, our data suggest that those substances caused a disruption in brain homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naieli Schiefelbein Souto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Micheli Dassi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | | | - Michele Rechia Fighera
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Mauro Schneider Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Flávia Furian
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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Subramaniam S, Sabran MR, Stanslas J, Kirby BP. Effect of aflatoxin B1 exposure on the progression of depressive-like behavior in rats. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1032810. [PMID: 36466381 PMCID: PMC9712965 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1032810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
While it is well documented that aflatoxin B1 (AFB1); one of the most toxic food contaminants is linked to the development of depression. However, the mechanism on how it affects the gut and brain health leading to depressive-like behavior remains unclear. This study was conducted to determine the effect of AFB1 on the progression of depressive-like behavior. Thirty-two (n = 32) male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly allocated into four groups: control, low-dose (5 μg AFB1/kg), high-dose (25 μg AFB1/kg) and positive control group; exposed on chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). After 4 weeks of exposure, sucrose preference test (SPT) and force swim test (FST) were used to measure behavioral despair. Fecal samples were selectively cultured to profile the bacteria. Body weight and relative organs weights were compared among groups. AFB1 and CUMS caused reduction in body weight and food intake as well as increased relative weight of adrenal glands, liver, and brain. Rats in AFB1 and CUMS groups had suppressed sucrose preference and prolonged immobility time in FST, wherein this could indicate anhedonia. Besides, fecal count of Lactobacillus spp. was significantly low following AFB1 exposure, with increasing count of Bifidobacterium spp, in comparison to the control. Indeed, further biochemical analysis and metagenomic approach are warranted to explore the underlying mechanisms on the role of gut microbiota dysbiosis and dysregulation of gut-brain axis due to AFB1 neurotoxicity on the progression of depressive-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syarminie Subramaniam
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd-Redzwan Sabran
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Johnson Stanslas
- Pharmacotherapeutics Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Brian P. Kirby
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
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Souto NS, Dassi M, Braga ACM, Rosa ÉVF, Fighera MR, Royes LFF, Oliveira MS, Sari MHM, Furian AF. Hepatic susceptibility to oxidative damage after repeated concomitant exposure to aspartame and aflatoxin B1 in rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2021; 45:2780-2785. [PMID: 34709106 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.1991196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The potential interactions among food additives/contaminants and the consequences to biological systems is a topic that is rarely addressed in scientific literature. Thus, the current study investigated if the combined administration of ASP and AFB1 would impair hepatic and renal oxidative status. Male Wistar rats received during 14 days once a day ASP (75 mg/Kg) and/or AFB1 (250 µg/Kg) through intragastric route. At the end of experimental protocol, samples of liver and kidneys were collected for assessing biochemical markers of oxidative status. In the hepatic tissue, the treatment with a single substance (ASP or AFB1) caused an increase in TBARS levels, and a reduction in non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses (Vit C and NPSH levels and FRAP test). In the kidneys, TBARS levels were increased only in the group that received ASP + AFB1. The association reduced NPSH content, while the treatment with AFB1 reduced the FRAP levels. GST and CAT activities were increased in all treatments. Overall, ASP and AFB1 association presented higher toxic effects to the tissues. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating that the associated use of both ASP and AFB1 induces more extensive injuries in comparison to the effects caused by each one alone. Therefore, these data demonstrated that concomitant exposure to ASP and AFB1 potentiated their oxidative damage in hepatic tissue, suggesting that this organ is particularly sensitive to the toxic action induced by these substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naieli Schiefelbein Souto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brasil
| | - Micheli Dassi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brasil
| | | | | | - Michele Rechia Fighera
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brasil
| | | | - Mauro Schneider Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brasil
| | | | - Ana Flávia Furian
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brasil
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Da Silveira AR, Rosa ÉVF, Sari MHM, Sampaio TB, Dos Santos JT, Jardim NS, Müller SG, Oliveira MS, Nogueira CW, Furian AF. Therapeutic potential of beta-caryophyllene against aflatoxin B1-Induced liver toxicity: biochemical and molecular insights in rats. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 348:109635. [PMID: 34506763 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a mycotoxin highly toxic and carcinogenic to humans due to its potential to induce oxidative stress. The Beta-caryophyllene (BCP) have been highlighted for its broad spectrum of pharmacological effects. The present study aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of BCP against the susceptibility of hepatic and renal tissues to AFB1 toxicity, in biochemical parameters to assess organ function, tissue oxidation, and the immunocontent of oxidative and inflammatory proteins. Male Wistar rats was exposed to AFB1 (250 μg/kg, i.g.) and/or BCP (100 mg/kg, i.p.) for 14 successive days. It was found that exposure to AFB1 did not change the measured renal toxicity parameters. Also, AFB1 increased liver injury biomarkers (gamma glutamyl transferase and alkaline phosphatase) and reduced levels of non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses (ascorbic acid and non-protein thiol), however did not cause changes in the lipid peroxidation levels. Moreover, AFB1 interfered in oxidative pathway regulated by Kelch-like ECH-associated protein (Keap1)/nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), overacting Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) activity. Lastly, a main effect of AFB1 on the total interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) was observed. Remarkably, the associated treatment of AFB1 + BCP improved altered liver parameters. In addition, BCP and AFB1 + BCP groups showed an increase in the levels of inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta (IKKβ). Thus, these results indicated that BCP has potential protective effect against AFB1 induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Rosa Da Silveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Érica Vanessa Furlan Rosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Tuane Bazanella Sampaio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Jamila Trindade Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Natália Silva Jardim
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Grendene Müller
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Mauro Schneider Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristina Wayne Nogueira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Furian
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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