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Amin F, Memarzia A, Kazemi Rad H, Kazerani HR, Ghasemi SZ, Boskabady MH. Inhaled paraquat-induced lung injury in rat, improved by the extract of Zataria multiflora boiss and PPARγ agonist, pioglitazone. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2024; 67:102335. [PMID: 37951808 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2023.102335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The effects of a PPAR-γ agonist, pioglitazone and Zataria multiflora (Z. multiflora) on inhaled paraquat (PQ)-induced lung oxidative stress, inflammation, pathological changes and tracheal responsiveness were examined. The study was carried out in control rats exposed to normal aerosol of saline, PQl and PQh groups exposed to aerosols of 27 and 54 mg/m3 PQ, groups exposed to high PQ concentration (PQh) and treated with 200 and 800 mg/kg/day Z. multiflora, 5 and 10 mg/kg/day pioglitazone, low doses of Z. multiflora + pioglitazone, and 0.03 mg/kg/day dexamethasone. Increased tracheal responsiveness, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-ß) and lung pathological changes due to PQh were significantly improved by high doses of Z. multiflora and pioglitazone, dexamethasone and extract + pioglitazone, (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). In group treated with low doses of the extract + pioglitazone, the improvements of most measured variables were significantly higher than the low dose of two agents alone (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). Z. multiflora improved lung injury induced by inhaled PQ similar to dexamethasone and pioglitazone which could be mediated by PPAR-γ receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Amin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arghavan Memarzia
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamideh Kazemi Rad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Hamid Reza Kazerani
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Zahra Ghasemi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Boskabady
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Onur B, Çavuşoğlu K, Yalçin E, Acar A. Paraquat toxicity in different cell types of Swiss albino mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4818. [PMID: 35314741 PMCID: PMC8938524 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08961-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, toxicity caused by 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg b.w doses of Paraquat herbicide in Swiss albino mice was investigated. Body weight, liver and kidney organ weights, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) enzyme activities, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels, malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels in liver and kidney, micronucleus (MN) formation in buccal mucosal epithelium, erythrocyte and leukocyte cells and chromosomal aberrations (CAs) in bone marrow cells, viability of liver and kidney cells were investigated. Four groups were randomly formed from male Swiss albino mice (one control and three treatment groups). The control group mice were provided tap water and the mice in the treatment groups were treated orally with three different doses of Paraquat (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg b.w) in the drinking water for 28 days. At the end of the application, all mice were sacrificed and routine preparation procedures were carried out to examine physiological, biochemical, oxidative stress and genetic parameters. Paraquat administration decreased physiological parameters (body, liver and kidney organ weights), and increased biochemical parameters (AST, ALT, BUN, creatinine and MDA). GSH levels were decreased depending on the dose. Kidney and liver damage were confirmed by the trypan blue test. Paraquat administration promoted MN formation in buccal mucosal epithelium, erythrocyte and leukocyte cells depending on the dose. The highest MN frequency was observed in leukocyte cells exposed to a dose of 200 mg/kg b.w of Paraquat. Deteriorations in DNA integrity as a result of MN formations were supported by the comet assay. In addition, Paraquat promoted CAs such as break, fragment, acentric, dicentric, gap and ring in bone marrow cells. Break damage was the most common among these damages. These observed genotoxic effects occured as a result of the interaction of DNA and DNA-related proteins with Paraquat. Molecular docking studies showed that Paraquat binds to histone H4 protein with high affinity and has a high intercalation potential. As a result, Paraquat herbicide caused a significant toxicity by changing physiological, biochemical, oxidative stress and genetic parameters of Swiss albino mice depending on the application dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Onur
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Giresun University, 28200, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Kültiğin Çavuşoğlu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Emine Yalçin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey.
| | - Ali Acar
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
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Jouzdani AF, Ganjirad Z, Firozian F, Soleimani-Asl S, Ranjbar A. Protective Effects of N-acetylcysteine Niosome Nanoparticles on Paraquatinduced Nephrotoxicity in Male Rats. Pharm Nanotechnol 2022; 10:137-145. [PMID: 35156589 DOI: 10.2174/2211738510666220214102034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Paraquat (PQ), as a bipyridyl compound, is widely used as an effective herbicide that produces reactive oxygen species (ROS), affecting the unsaturated lipids of cell membranes leading to cell mortality. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a medication that has a beneficial role in reducing the intoxication of kidneys caused by PQ. Niosomes are bilayer vesicles that enhance the bioavailability of drugs. This study aimed to compare the effects of NAC and niosome of NAC (NACNPs) on PQ-induced kidney toxicity concerning its antioxidant activity. METHODS In this experimental study, after formulating NACNP, 30 Wistar male rats weighing 180 to 250 gm were classified into five groups: the control group was treated with normal saline, while the other four groups received 35mg/kg/day of PQ via intraperitoneal route and, was treated with 25mg/kg/day NAC, 25mg/kg/day niosome and 25 mg/kg/day NACNP by gavage, Then, oxidative stress biomarkers such as total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase activity (CAT), lipid peroxidation (LPO), and total thiol group (TTG), plus blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels were evaluated in kidney tissue homogenate and examined histopathologically. RESULTS The results revealed that TTG increased significantly in NAC & NACNP groups than in the PQ group. Further, in the PQ group, LPO increased significantly compared with the control, NAC, and NACNP groups, while in the NAC and NACNP group, LPO diminished compared with the PQ group. There was no significant difference in TAC between groups. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels dropped in NACNP compared with the PQ group and the NAC. Histological studies also approved PQ-induced damage and the protective effect of NACNP. CONCLUSION The results indicated that NACNP could modulate oxidative stress status and kidney function against PQ toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Fathi Jouzdani
- Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Zahra Ganjirad
- Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Farzin Firozian
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sara Soleimani-Asl
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Akram Ranjbar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Amin F, Roohbakhsh A, Memarzia A, Kazerani HR, Boskabady MH. Immediate and late systemic and lung effects of inhaled paraquat in rats. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 415:125633. [PMID: 33743382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The immediate and the late effects of inhaled Paraquat (PQ) on systemic and lung inflammation and oxidative stress were investigated. Rats were exposed to saline (control group) and two doses of inhaled PQ (27 and 54 mg/m3) and studied variables were measured: 1) one day after the end of PQ exposure as "immediate condition", 2) 16 days after the end of PQ exposure as "late condition". Total and differential white blood cells (WBC) counts, lipid peroxidation and nitrite were increased but thiol, superoxide dismutase and catalase in the blood and BALF as well as methacholine EC50 was reduced in both conditions in the animals exposed to PQ compared to control groups (p < 0. 05 to p < 0.001). Most studied parameters in the immediate condition were significantly higher than the late condition (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). Systemic and lung inflammation and oxidative stress due to inhaled PQ in both the immediate and the late conditions were shown. Although most measured parameters in the immediate condition were higher, all variables were significantly different with the control group even in late condition, indicating a long-term effect of inhaled PQ toxicity, which may help in a more effective treatment of PQ poising in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Amin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Physiology, Pharmacology Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Ali Roohbakhsh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arghavan Memarzia
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Kazerani
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Boskabady
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Carvacrol and PPARγ agonist, pioglitazone, affects inhaled paraquat-induced lung injury in rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8129. [PMID: 33854134 PMCID: PMC8047048 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87546-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposed rats to normal saline and paraquat (PQ) aerosol as control and PQ group, rats exposed to PQ and treated with 20 and 80 mg/kg/day carvacrol, 5 and 10 mg/kg/day pioglitazone, low dose of pioglitazone + carvacrol and 0.03 mg/kg/day dexamethasone (Dexa) for 16 days after the end of PQ exposure were studied (n = 6 in each group). Lung pathological changes, tracheal responsiveness to methacholine and ovalbumin (OVA) as well as transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and interleukin (IL)-6 level in the lung tissue homogenize as well as TGF-β, IL-6, oxidant and antioxidant levels oxidant and antioxidants were increased in PQ group (p < 0.01 to p < 0.001). Lung pathological changes, tracheal responsiveness to methacholine and OVA as well as TGF-β, IL-6 oxidant and antioxidant levels were improved in all treated groups except lung pathological changes in treated group with low dose of pioglitazone (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). The effects of low dose of pioglitazone and carvacrol alone were significantly lower than in the combination group of low dose of pioglitazone + carvacrol (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). Carvacrol treatment improved inhaled PQ-induced lug injury similar to the effects of dexamethasone. The synergic effect of carvacrol and pioglitazone suggests PPAR-γ receptor mediated effects of carvacrol on inhaled PQ-induced lung injury.
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Almeida LL, Pitombeira GSGN, Teixeira ÁAC, Teixeira VW, Silva Júnior VA, Vieira Filho LD, Evêncio Neto J. Protective effect of melatonin against herbicides-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2021; 10:1-10. [PMID: 33613967 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfaa087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to the herbicides Paraquat and Roundup® may cause cell lesions due to an increase in oxidative stress levels in different biological systems, even in the liver. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of melatonin on liver of rats exposed to herbicides. A total of 35 rats were randomly divided into seven equal-sized groups: control, Paraquat, Roundup®, Paraquat + Roundup®, Paraquat + melatonin, Roundup® + melatonin, and Paraquat + Roundup® + melatonin. Samples of blood and hepatic tissue were collected at the end of the seventh day of exposure and treatment with melatonin. Body weight, hematological parameters, and histopathological, biochemical analyses and determination of oxidative stress levels in liver were evaluated. Body weight was compromised (P < 0.01). Alterations of hematologic parameters were significant when compared to control (P < 0.001). Biochemically, serum levels of albumin decreased (P < 0.001), but serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase increased (P < 0.001). Histopathology revealed necrotic hepatocytes, portal and central-lobular inflammatory infiltrate, congestion of capillaries. Serum levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were found to be significantly elevated (P < 0.05; P < 0.001), and serum level of reduced glutathione was significantly lower (P < 0.05; P < 0.001). The groups treated concomitantly with melatonin revealed results similar to those of the control. However, melatonin acted as a protective agent for the liver against experimentally induced hepatic toxicity, promoting prevention of body weight, oxidative stress, and normalization of hematological and biochemical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lécio Leone Almeida
- Department of Biological Sciences, Regional University of Cariri, Rua Coronel Antônio Luís 1161, Pimenta, Crato, CE 63105-000, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Silva Girão Nobre Pitombeira
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Diversity and Natural Resources, Regional University of Cariri, Rua Coronel Antônio Luís 1161, Pimenta, Crato, CE 63105-000, Brazil
| | - Álvaro Aguiar Coelho Teixeira
- Department of Animal Physiology and Morfology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Rua Manuel de Medeiros s/n° Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Valéria Wanderley Teixeira
- Department of Animal Physiology and Morfology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Rua Manuel de Medeiros s/n° Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Valdemiro Amaro Silva Júnior
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Rua Manuel de Medeiros s/n° Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Leucio Duarte Vieira Filho
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. da Engenharia Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Joaquim Evêncio Neto
- Department of Animal Physiology and Morfology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Rua Manuel de Medeiros s/n° Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE 52171-900, Brazil
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Ujowundu CO, Anaba POI, Ulinasombu NB, Ujowundu FN, Igwe KO, Ogbuagu HD. Attenuation of Paraquat-Induced Nephrotoxicity and Dysfunction in Male Wistar Albino Rats. INNOVATIVE BIOSYSTEMS AND BIOENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.20535/ibb.2020.4.1.191259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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