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Elegbede JA, Lateef A, Gueguim-Kana EB, Beukes LS, Matyumza N. Multi-functional xylanase from Aspergillus sydowii: biosynthesis of nanoconjugates, optimization by Taguchi approach and biodeinking potential. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 54:622-636. [PMID: 37772603 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2023.2261037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
The search for effective production of xylanase which is an important industrial enzyme led to the present study that explored xylanase production by Aspergillus sydowii SF through Taguchi optimization that incorporated nanoconjugates in submerged fermentation. Calcium and zinc oxide nanoconjugates biosynthesized by xylanase were characterized via UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The xylanase-mediated calcium oxide and zinc oxide nanoconjugates with λmax of 374 and 316 nm, respectively, and were 5.32-17.69 nm in size. Xylanase production was improved by 2.90-10.58 folds (64.24-234.15 U/mL) through Taguchi optimization cum nanoconjugates, and ANOVA showed that nanoconjugates contributed 13.62-65.97% to improved production. The xylanase had up to 88.38% deinking activity, with 49.60-84.64% removal of blue color. The remarkable xylanase production, its use to biosynthesize nanoconjugates and biodeinking potentials contribute to the development of versatile biocatalysts with applications in biotechnology, nanotechnology, and sustainable paper production. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first report of xylanase for biosynthesis of calcium oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles, as well as nanosupplementation to induce xylanase production, which can open new vista in bioprocess optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Elegbede
- Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology and Nanobiotechnology, Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - A Lateef
- Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology and Nanobiotechnology, Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
- Nanotechnology Research Group (NANO+), Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology and Nanobiotechnology, Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - E B Gueguim-Kana
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, PieterMaritzburg, South Africa
| | - L S Beukes
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, PieterMaritzburg, South Africa
| | - N Matyumza
- Microscopy and Microanalysis Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, PieterMaritzburg, South Africa
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2
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Soy S, Lakra U, Prakash P, Suravajhala P, Nigam VK, Sharma SR, Bayal N. Exploring microbial diversity in hot springs of Surajkund, India through 16S rRNA analysis and thermozyme characterization from endogenous isolates. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14221. [PMID: 37648773 PMCID: PMC10469164 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41515-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hot springs are a valuable source of biologically significant chemicals due to their high microbial diversity. To investigate the possibilities for industrial uses of these bacteria, researchers collected water and sediment samples from variety of hot springs. Our investigation employed both culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques, including 16S-based marker gene analysis of the microbiota from the hot springs of Surajkund, Jharkhand. In addition, we cultivated thermophilic isolates and screened for their ability to produce amylase, xylanase, and cellulase. After the optimized production of amylase the enzyme was partially purified and characterized using UPLC, DLS-ZP, and TGA. The retention time for the amylase was observed to be around 0.5 min. We confirmed the stability of the amylase at higher temperatures through observation of a steady thermo gravimetric profile at 400 °C. One of the thermophilic isolates obtained from the kund, demonstrated the potential to degrade lignocellulosic agricultural waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Soy
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| | - U Lakra
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| | - P Prakash
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| | - P Suravajhala
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Clappana, Kerala, India
- Systems Genomics Lab, Bioclues.org, Hyderabad, India
| | - V K Nigam
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| | - S R Sharma
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India.
| | - N Bayal
- National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune, India
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3
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Tsers I, Marenina E, Meshcherov A, Petrova O, Gogoleva O, Tkachenko A, Gogoleva N, Gogolev Y, Potapenko E, Muraeva O, Ponomareva M, Korzun V, Gorshkov V. First genome-scale insights into the virulence of the snow mold causal fungus Microdochium nivale. IMA Fungus 2023; 14:2. [PMID: 36627722 PMCID: PMC9830731 DOI: 10.1186/s43008-022-00107-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pink snow mold, caused by a phytopathogenic and psychrotolerant fungus, Microdochium nivale, is a severe disease of winter cereals and grasses that predominantly occurs under snow cover or shortly after its melt. Snow mold has significantly progressed during the past decade, often reaching epiphytotic levels in northern countries and resulting in dramatic yield losses. In addition, M. nivale gradually adapts to a warmer climate, spreading to less snowy territories and causing different types of plant diseases throughout the growing period. Despite its great economic importance, M. nivale is poorly investigated; its genome has not been sequenced and its crucial virulence determinants have not been identified or even predicted. In our study, we applied a hybrid assembly based on Oxford Nanopore and Illumina reads to obtain the first genome sequence of M. nivale. 11,973 genes (including 11,789 protein-encoding genes) have been revealed in the genome assembly. To better understand the genetic potential of M. nivale and to obtain a convenient reference for transcriptomic studies on this species, the identified genes were annotated and split into hierarchical three-level functional categories. A file with functionally classified M. nivale genes is presented in our study for general use. M. nivale gene products that best meet the criteria for virulence factors have been identified. The genetic potential to synthesize human-dangerous mycotoxins (fumonisin, ochratoxin B, aflatoxin, and gliotoxin) has been revealed for M. nivale. The transcriptome analysis combined with the assays for extracellular enzymatic activities (conventional virulence factors of many phytopathogens) was carried out to assess the effect of host plant (rye) metabolites on the M. nivale phenotype. In addition to disclosing plant-metabolite-upregulated M. nivale functional gene groups (including those related to host plant protein destruction and amino acid metabolism, xenobiotic detoxication (including phytoalexins benzoxazinoids), cellulose destruction (cellulose monooxygenases), iron transport, etc.), the performed analysis pointed to a crucial role of host plant lipid destruction and fungal lipid metabolism modulation in plant-M. nivale interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Tsers
- grid.465285.80000 0004 0637 9007Federal Research Center, Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia 420111
| | - Ekaterina Marenina
- grid.465285.80000 0004 0637 9007Federal Research Center, Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia 420111
| | - Azat Meshcherov
- grid.465285.80000 0004 0637 9007Federal Research Center, Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia 420111
| | - Olga Petrova
- grid.465285.80000 0004 0637 9007Federal Research Center, Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia 420111
| | - Olga Gogoleva
- grid.465285.80000 0004 0637 9007Federal Research Center, Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia 420111
| | - Alexander Tkachenko
- grid.35915.3b0000 0001 0413 4629Laboratory of Computer Technologies, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Russia 197101
| | - Natalia Gogoleva
- grid.465285.80000 0004 0637 9007Federal Research Center, Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia 420111
| | - Yuri Gogolev
- grid.465285.80000 0004 0637 9007Federal Research Center, Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia 420111
| | - Evgenii Potapenko
- grid.18098.380000 0004 1937 0562Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, 3498838 Haifa, Israel ,grid.18098.380000 0004 1937 0562Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, 3498838 Haifa, Israel
| | - Olga Muraeva
- grid.512700.1Bioinformatics Institute, Saint Petersburg, Russia 197342
| | - Mira Ponomareva
- grid.465285.80000 0004 0637 9007Federal Research Center, Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia 420111
| | - Viktor Korzun
- grid.465285.80000 0004 0637 9007Federal Research Center, Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia 420111 ,grid.425691.dKWS SAAT SE & Co. KGaA, 37555 Einbeck, Germany
| | - Vladimir Gorshkov
- grid.465285.80000 0004 0637 9007Federal Research Center, Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia 420111
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4
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Goswami K, Deka Boruah HP, Saikia R. Purification and characterization of cellulase produced by
Novosphingobium
sp. Cm1 and its waste hydrolysis efficiency and bio‐stoning potential. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 132:3618-3628. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.15475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kongkana Goswami
- CSIR‐North East Institute of Science and Technology Jorhat‐785006 Assam India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad‐201002 India
| | | | - Ratul Saikia
- CSIR‐North East Institute of Science and Technology Jorhat‐785006 Assam India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad‐201002 India
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Gorshkov V, Osipova E, Ponomareva M, Ponomarev S, Gogoleva N, Petrova O, Gogoleva O, Meshcherov A, Balkin A, Vetchinkina E, Potapov K, Gogolev Y, Korzun V. Rye Snow Mold-Associated Microdochium nivale Strains Inhabiting a Common Area: Variability in Genetics, Morphotype, Extracellular Enzymatic Activities, and Virulence. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:E335. [PMID: 33287447 PMCID: PMC7761817 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Snow mold is a severe plant disease caused by psychrophilic or psychrotolerant fungi, of which Microdochium species are the most harmful. A clear understanding of Microdochium biology has many gaps; the pathocomplex and its dynamic are poorly characterized, virulence factors are unknown, genome sequences are not available, and the criteria of plant snow mold resistance are not elucidated. Our study aimed to identify comprehensive characteristics of a local community of snow mold-causing Microdochium species colonizing a particular crop culture. By using the next-generation sequencing (NGS) technique, we characterized fungal and bacterial communities of pink snow mold-affected winter rye (Secale cereale) plants within a given geographical location shortly after snowmelt. Twenty-one strains of M. nivale were isolated, classified on the basis of internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region, and characterized by morphology, synthesis of extracellular enzymes, and virulence. Several types of extracellular enzymatic activities, the level of which had no correlations with the degree of virulence, were revealed for Microdochium species for the first time. Our study shows that genetically and phenotypically diverse M. nivale strains simultaneously colonize winter rye plants within a common area, and each strain is likely to utilize its own, unique strategy to cause the disease using "a personal" pattern of extracellular enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Gorshkov
- Laboratory of Plant Infectious Diseases, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, ul. Lobachevskogo, 2/31, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (E.O.); (M.P.); (S.P.); (N.G.); (O.P.); (O.G.); (A.M.); (A.B.); (K.P.); (Y.G.); (V.K.)
| | - Elena Osipova
- Laboratory of Plant Infectious Diseases, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, ul. Lobachevskogo, 2/31, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (E.O.); (M.P.); (S.P.); (N.G.); (O.P.); (O.G.); (A.M.); (A.B.); (K.P.); (Y.G.); (V.K.)
| | - Mira Ponomareva
- Laboratory of Plant Infectious Diseases, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, ul. Lobachevskogo, 2/31, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (E.O.); (M.P.); (S.P.); (N.G.); (O.P.); (O.G.); (A.M.); (A.B.); (K.P.); (Y.G.); (V.K.)
| | - Sergey Ponomarev
- Laboratory of Plant Infectious Diseases, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, ul. Lobachevskogo, 2/31, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (E.O.); (M.P.); (S.P.); (N.G.); (O.P.); (O.G.); (A.M.); (A.B.); (K.P.); (Y.G.); (V.K.)
| | - Natalia Gogoleva
- Laboratory of Plant Infectious Diseases, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, ul. Lobachevskogo, 2/31, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (E.O.); (M.P.); (S.P.); (N.G.); (O.P.); (O.G.); (A.M.); (A.B.); (K.P.); (Y.G.); (V.K.)
| | - Olga Petrova
- Laboratory of Plant Infectious Diseases, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, ul. Lobachevskogo, 2/31, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (E.O.); (M.P.); (S.P.); (N.G.); (O.P.); (O.G.); (A.M.); (A.B.); (K.P.); (Y.G.); (V.K.)
| | - Olga Gogoleva
- Laboratory of Plant Infectious Diseases, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, ul. Lobachevskogo, 2/31, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (E.O.); (M.P.); (S.P.); (N.G.); (O.P.); (O.G.); (A.M.); (A.B.); (K.P.); (Y.G.); (V.K.)
| | - Azat Meshcherov
- Laboratory of Plant Infectious Diseases, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, ul. Lobachevskogo, 2/31, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (E.O.); (M.P.); (S.P.); (N.G.); (O.P.); (O.G.); (A.M.); (A.B.); (K.P.); (Y.G.); (V.K.)
| | - Alexander Balkin
- Laboratory of Plant Infectious Diseases, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, ul. Lobachevskogo, 2/31, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (E.O.); (M.P.); (S.P.); (N.G.); (O.P.); (O.G.); (A.M.); (A.B.); (K.P.); (Y.G.); (V.K.)
| | - Elena Vetchinkina
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences (IBPPM RAS), 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, 410049 Saratov, Russia;
| | - Kim Potapov
- Laboratory of Plant Infectious Diseases, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, ul. Lobachevskogo, 2/31, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (E.O.); (M.P.); (S.P.); (N.G.); (O.P.); (O.G.); (A.M.); (A.B.); (K.P.); (Y.G.); (V.K.)
| | - Yuri Gogolev
- Laboratory of Plant Infectious Diseases, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, ul. Lobachevskogo, 2/31, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (E.O.); (M.P.); (S.P.); (N.G.); (O.P.); (O.G.); (A.M.); (A.B.); (K.P.); (Y.G.); (V.K.)
| | - Viktor Korzun
- Laboratory of Plant Infectious Diseases, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, ul. Lobachevskogo, 2/31, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (E.O.); (M.P.); (S.P.); (N.G.); (O.P.); (O.G.); (A.M.); (A.B.); (K.P.); (Y.G.); (V.K.)
- KWS SAAT SE & Co. KGaA, Grimsehlstr. 31, 37555 Einbeck, Germany
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6
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Cellulolytic, amylolytic and xylanolytic potential of thermophilic isolates of Surajkund hot spring. J Biosci 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-019-9938-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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7
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Uday USP, Majumdar R, Tiwari ON, Mishra U, Mondal A, Bandyopadhyay TK, Bhunia B. Isolation, screening and characterization of a novel extracellular xylanase from A spergillus niger (KP874102.1) and its application in orange peel hydrolysis. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 105:401-409. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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8
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Nawawi MH, Mohamad R, Tahir PM, Saad WZ. Extracellular Xylanopectinolytic Enzymes by Bacillus subtilis ADI1 from EFB's Compost. INTERNATIONAL SCHOLARLY RESEARCH NOTICES 2017; 2017:7831954. [PMID: 28523288 PMCID: PMC5421085 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7831954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Microbial xylanase and pectinase are two extremely valuable enzymes, which have captivated much attention. This can be seen from the increased demand for these enzymes by many industrial sectors. This study investigates the isolation and screening of extracellular xylanopectinolytic enzymes-producing bacteria in a submerged fermentation (SmF). Samples are collected from the compost of empty fruit bunch (EFB) at Biocompost Pilot Plant, located at Biorefinery Plant, Universiti Putra Malaysia. From the experiment, out of 20 isolates, 11 isolates show xylanase or/and pectinase activity, and only one isolate (EFB-11) shows the concurrent activities of xylanase and pectinase. These activities are selected for enzyme production under submerged fermentation (quantitative screening). At the 72nd hour of incubation, xylanase and pectinase show the highest production, which ranges about 42.33 U/mL and 62.17 U/mL (with low amount of cellulase present), supplemented with 2% (w/v) of rice bran as carbon source at incubation temperature level, which is 30°C. Meanwhile, the pH of media is shifted to 8.42, which indicates that EFB-11 isolate is alkalotolerant bacteria and identified as Bacillus subtilis ADI1. This strain proves to have potential in agroindustrial bioconversion and has a promising ability to scale up to an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hariadi Nawawi
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rosfarizan Mohamad
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Paridah Md. Tahir
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wan Zuhainis Saad
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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9
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Kim HS, Han OK, Kim SC, Kim MJ, Kwak YS. Screening and investigation Lactobacillius spp. to improve Secale cereale silage quality. Anim Sci J 2017; 88:1538-1546. [PMID: 28402035 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Silage is a high-moisture-content forage that is used to feed livestock. Using silage as feed is economically feasible and suitable for cattle management. Secale cereale is considered as a high-quality forage plant. After the heading stage the biomass of S. cereale increases by up to 30%; however, lignification in the cell wall causes low fermentation efficiency and coefficient digestibility, and it may also be contaminated by mycotoxin-producing fungi and can impair the quality of the silage. Therefore, the aim of this study was to screen beneficial Lactobacillius spp. for S. cereale silage to reduce fungi contamination and to increase fibrinolytic ability in the silage. Up to 100 days fermentation period and total 180 lactic acid bacteria were isolated and only a single isolate, R4-26, showed strong acidification ability and antifungal activities against mycotoxin-producing fungus. According to quantitative RT-PCR results, the mycotoxin-producing fungal contamination was significantly reduced in the S. cereale silage containing the R4-26 isolate. In enzymatic assays, only a single isolate, R48-27 demonstrated cellulase, xylanase, chitinase and esterase activities. In conclusion, the beneficial Lactobacillius spp. strains have the ability to reduce mycotoxigenic fungi contamination and increase fibrinolytic activity to improve quality of the S. cereale silage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Sun Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Ouk Kyu Han
- Central Area Crop Breeding Division, NICS, RDA, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sam Churl Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Youn-Sig Kwak
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus) and Institute Agriculture & Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
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10
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Meddeb-Mouelhi F, Moisan JK, Beauregard M. A comparison of plate assay methods for detecting extracellular cellulase and xylanase activity. Enzyme Microb Technol 2014; 66:16-9. [PMID: 25248694 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Identification of microorganisms for the production of carbohydrolytic enzymes is extremely important given the increased demand for these enzymes in many industries. To this end, dye-polysaccharide interactions which provide a visual indication of polymer hydrolysis (clear zones or halos) have been used for decades. For the detection of extracellular cellulase or xylanase activity many laboratories use Gram's iodine as the chromogenic dye, as it is a more rapid initial screening method compared to the use of other dyes. Here, we compared Gram's iodine and Congo red as indicators of polysaccharide hydrolysis. We attempted to detect cellulase activity using carboxymethylcellulose, and xylanase activity using birchwood xylan, in fourteen uncharacterized bacteria isolated from wood chips. Our results indicate that Gram's iodine may lead to identification of false positives in a typical screening protocol and that Congo red allows for avoidance of such pitfall. Congo red allowed detection of cellulase activity from live microbial colonies but not Gram's iodine. To confirm this, detection of enzymatic activity was also assessed using cell-free enzyme preparations. Congo red was found to be reliable in detecting cellulase activity with isolated enzymes preparations. Under the same conditions, neither of these dyes detected xylanase activity, despite independent evidence of xylanase activity for one of the preparations. We detected xylanase activity for this particular enzyme preparation using a coloured derivative of xylan (Remazol Brillant Blue R-xylan adduct) that respond to xylan hydrolysis. Our results suggest that methods that rely on interactions between a dye (Congo red or Gram's iodine) and a polymeric substrate (carboxymethylcellulose or birchwood xylan) for indirect detection of hydrolysis may require the use of relevant controls and independent confirmation of enzymatic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Meddeb-Mouelhi
- Centre de recherche sur les matériaux lignocellulosiques, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boul. Des Forges, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec G9A 5H7, Canada; Buckman North America, 351 Joseph-Carrier, Vaudreuil-Dorion, Québec J7V 5V5, Canada.
| | - Jessica Kelly Moisan
- Centre de recherche sur les matériaux lignocellulosiques, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boul. Des Forges, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec G9A 5H7, Canada; PROTEO, Université Laval, 2705 Boul. Laurier, Québec, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Marc Beauregard
- Centre de recherche sur les matériaux lignocellulosiques, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boul. Des Forges, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec G9A 5H7, Canada; PROTEO, Université Laval, 2705 Boul. Laurier, Québec, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
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11
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Sajitha KL, Maria Florence EJ, Dev SA. Screening of bacterial biocontrols against sapstain fungus (Lasiodiplodia theobromae Pat.) of rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis Muell.Arg.). Res Microbiol 2014; 165:541-8. [PMID: 25049165 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Diverse bacterial biocontrol agents from various sources of aerobic composts against the sapstain fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae in rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis) were isolated, screened and identified by various morphological, biochemical and molecular techniques. The inhibitory effect of seventeen bacterial isolates was examined and seven exhibited inhibition towards the sapstain fungus. Among the seven antagonists, six were conclusively identified as Bacillus subtilis and one as Paenibacillus polymyxa using 16S rRNA-encoding gene sequencing. This is the first report on the occurrence of P. polymyxa, a potent biofertilizer and antagonist in vermicompost. HiCrome Bacillus agar was identified as an effective medium for differentiation of B. subtilis from other Bacillus species. The present work demonstrates the efficacy of the antagonistic property of B. subtilis strains against rubberwood sapstain fungus. Culture-based antagonistic inhibition displayed by B. subtilis can be extended to cater to the biocontrol requirements of wood-based industries against the stain fungus. The study showed the utility of an integrated approach, employing morphological, biochemical and molecular tools for conclusive identification of several bacterial isolates present in aerobic composts from diverse sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Sajitha
- Forest Pathology Department, Forest Health Division, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur, Kerala, India.
| | - E J Maria Florence
- Forest Pathology Department, Forest Health Division, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur, Kerala, India.
| | - Suma Arun Dev
- Forest Biotechnology Department, Forest Genetics and Biotechnology Division, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur, Kerala 680653, India.
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