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Pannerchelvan S, Rios-Solis L, Faizal Wong FW, Zaidan UH, Wasoh H, Mohamed MS, Tan JS, Mohamad R, Halim M. Strategies for improvement of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) biosynthesis via lactic acid bacteria (LAB) fermentation. Food Funct 2023; 14:3929-3948. [PMID: 36951915 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03936b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a non-protein amino acid widely distributed in nature and extensively explored for its numerous physiological functions and effects on metabolic disorders. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are one of the most important GABA producers, vigorously pursued due to their high GABA content and generally regarded as safe (GRAS) status that allows for direct formulation in various GABA-enriched food products. To meet the strict requirements of the food and nutraceutical industries, the biosynthesis of GABA is typically preferred over the chemical synthesis route. The production of GABA varies among various strains of LAB and is affected by different fermentation conditions. Hence, optimizing the fermentation conditions to enhance the activity of the key enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase is essential to maximize GABA production. This paper reviews the beneficial effects of GABA on human health and its applications in fermented food products. A particular emphasis is given to the biosynthetic approach for producing GABA by various LAB species via the microbial fermentation route. Efficient strategies for enhancing GABA production through optimization of the fermentation conditions, mode of fermentation, two-step fermentation, co-culturing approach, immobilization technique and genetic engineering are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangkaran Pannerchelvan
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Leonardo Rios-Solis
- Newcastle University, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Group, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
- School of Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, UK
| | - Fadzlie Wong Faizal Wong
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Center, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Putra InfoPort - IOI Resort, Jalan Kajang - Puchong, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Uswatun Hasanah Zaidan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Helmi Wasoh
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Center, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Putra InfoPort - IOI Resort, Jalan Kajang - Puchong, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shamzi Mohamed
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Center, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Putra InfoPort - IOI Resort, Jalan Kajang - Puchong, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Joo Shun Tan
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Center, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Putra InfoPort - IOI Resort, Jalan Kajang - Puchong, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Bioprocess Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Rosfarizan Mohamad
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Center, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Putra InfoPort - IOI Resort, Jalan Kajang - Puchong, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Murni Halim
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Center, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Putra InfoPort - IOI Resort, Jalan Kajang - Puchong, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Abdullah Thaidi NI, Mohamad R, Wasoh H, Kapri MR, Ghazali AB, Tan JS, Rios-Solis L, Halim M. Development of In Situ Product Recovery (ISPR) System Using Amberlite IRA67 for Enhanced Biosynthesis of Hyaluronic Acid by Streptococcus zooepidemicus. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020558. [PMID: 36836914 PMCID: PMC9966800 DOI: 10.3390/life13020558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
High broth viscosity due to the accumulation of hyaluronic acid (HA) causes a limited yield of HA. It is a major problem of HA production using Streptococcus zooepidemicus. Extractive fermentation via in situ product recovery (ISPR) was utilized to enhance the HA production. Resins from Amberlite: IRA400 Cl; IRA900 Cl; IRA410 Cl; IRA402 Cl; and IRA67 were tested for the HA adsorption. IRA67 showed high adsorption capacity on HA. The study of the adsorption via a 2 L stirred tank bioreactor of S. zooepidemicus fermentation was investigated to elucidate the adsorption of HA onto IRA67 in dispersed and integrated internal column systems. The application of a dispersed IRA67 improved the HA production compared to the fermentation without resin addition by 1.37-fold. The HA production was further improved by 1.36-fold with an internal column (3.928 g/L) over that obtained with dispersed IRA67. The cultivation with an internal column shows the highest reduction of viscosity value after the addition of IRA67 resin: from 58.8 to 23.7 (mPa·s), suggesting the most effective ISPR of HA. The improved biosynthesis of HA indicated that an extractive fermentation by ISPR adsorption is effective and may streamline the HA purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Imanina Abdullah Thaidi
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Complex, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Rosfarizan Mohamad
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Complex, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Helmi Wasoh
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Complex, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Rizal Kapri
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Complex, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Badruddin Ghazali
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Diagnosis, Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Joo Shun Tan
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Complex, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Gelugor, Malaysia
| | - Leonardo Rios-Solis
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Group, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
- School of Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, UK
| | - Murni Halim
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Complex, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
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Mohd Yusof H, Abdul Rahman N, Mohamad R, Zaidan UH, Samsudin AA. Influence of Dietary Biosynthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Broiler Zinc Uptake, Bone Quality, and Antioxidative Status. Animals (Basel) 2022; 13:ani13010115. [PMID: 36611723 PMCID: PMC9817535 DOI: 10.3390/ani13010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 180 broiler chickens (Cobb500) were randomly allotted to five experimental groups consisting of six replicates and six birds in each pen. Each group was fed a basal diet supplemented with 100 mg/kg ZnO (control) and 10, 40, 70, and 100 mg/kg ZnO NPs for 35 days. Resultantly, Zn uptake and accumulation in serum, breast muscle, tibia bone, and liver were linearly and significantly (p < 0.05) increased with increasing dietary ZnO NPs supplementation at 100 mg/kg compared to the control group (dietary 100 mg/kg ZnO), implying effective absorption capacity of ZnO NPs. This was followed by lower Zn excretion in feces in broilers fed ZnO NPs compared to controls (p < 0.05). Furthermore, dietary ZnO NPs at 40, 70, and 100 mg/kg levels improved broiler tibia bone morphological traits, such as weight, length, and thickness. Similarly, tibia bone mineralization increased in broilers fed ZnO NPs at 100 mg/kg compared to the control (p < 0.05), as demonstrated by tibia ash, Zn, Ca, and P retention. Antioxidative status in serum and liver tissue was also increased in broilers fed dietary ZnO NPs at 70 and 100 mg/kg compared to the control (p < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary ZnO NPs increased Zn absorption in broiler chickens and had a positive influence on tibia bone development and antioxidative status in serum and liver tissue, with dietary ZnO NPs supplementation at 70 and 100 mg/kg showing the optimum effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidayat Mohd Yusof
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor’Aini Abdul Rahman
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (N.A.R.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Rosfarizan Mohamad
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Uswatun Hasanah Zaidan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Anjas Asmara Samsudin
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (N.A.R.); (A.A.S.)
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Yusof HM, Rahman NA, Mohamad R, Zaidan UH, Samsudin AA. Optimization of biosynthesis zinc oxide nanoparticles: Desirability-function based response surface methodology, physicochemical characteristics, and its antioxidant properties. OpenNano 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.onano.2022.100106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Arumugam K, Mohamad R, Ashari SE, Tan JS, Mohamed MS. Bioprospecting microalgae with the capacity for inducing calcium carbonate biomineral precipitation. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.2767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kavithraashree Arumugam
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia
| | - Rosfarizan Mohamad
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Complex Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia
| | - Siti Efliza Ashari
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Complex Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia
| | - Joo Shun Tan
- School of Industrial Technology Universiti Sains Malaysia Gelugor Pulau Pinang Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shamzi Mohamed
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Complex Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia
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Jaslina NF, Faujan NH, Mohamad R, Ashari SE. In vitro Kinetic Release Study, in vivo Hydration and Moisturizing Effect of Peel-off Oil-in-Water (O/W) Nanoemulsion Containing Kojic Monooleate for Topical Application. Int J Pharm Investig 2022. [DOI: 10.5530/ijpi.2022.1.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Nawawi MH, Mohamad R, Tahir PM, Asa’ari AZ, Saad WZ. Pulp Enhancement of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFBs) via Biobleaching by Using Xylano-Pectinolytic Enzymes of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ADI2. Molecules 2021; 26:4279. [PMID: 34299554 PMCID: PMC8304154 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work reports the biobleaching effect on OPEFB pulp upon utilisation of extracellular xylano-pectinolytic enzymes simultaneously yielded from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ADI2. The impacts of different doses, retention times, pH, and temperatures required for the pulp biobleaching process were delineated accordingly. Here, the OPEFB pulp was subjected to pre-treatment with xylano-pectinolytic enzymes generated from the same alkalo-thermotolerant isolate that yielded those of higher quality. Remarkable enhanced outcomes were observed across varying pulp attributes: for example, enzyme-treated pulp treated to chemical bleaching sequence generated improved brightness of 11.25%. This resulted in 11.25% of less chlorine or chemical consumption required for obtaining pulp with optical attributes identical to those generated via typical chemical bleaching processes. Ultimately, the reduced consumption of chlorine would minimise the organochlorine compounds found in an effluent, resulting in a lowered environmental effect of paper-making processes overall as a consequence. This will undoubtedly facilitate such environmentally-friendly technology incorporation in the paper pulp industry of today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hariadi Nawawi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Rosfarizan Mohamad
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Paridah Md Tahir
- Institute of Tropical Forests and Forestry Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (P.M.T.); (A.Z.A.)
| | - Ainun Zuriyati Asa’ari
- Institute of Tropical Forests and Forestry Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (P.M.T.); (A.Z.A.)
| | - Wan Zuhainis Saad
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
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Khatun J, Loh TC, Foo HL, Akit H, Mohamad R, Shazali N. Effects of vitamin E, an oil blend and L-Arginine on breast meat from broiler chickens. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v50i5.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The study examined the effects of supplementing vitamin E on the fatty acid profile and breast meat quality of broilers fed diets containing an oil blend and L-Arginine. Two hundred sixteen Cobb 500 one-day-old broilers were randomly allocated to six treatments, namely T1: 6% palm oil (control); T2: blend of 4% palm oil and 2% sunflower oil + 0.25% L-Arginine (positive control); T3: T2 with 20 mg/kg vitamin E added; T4: T2 with 50 mg/kg vitamin E added; T5: T2 with 100 mg/kg vitamin E added; and T6: T2 supplemented with 150 mg/kg vitamin E. Relative to T1, the other diets increased growth rate and improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) similarly. Linoleic, arachidonic, and polyunsaturated fatty acids were greater and palmitic and saturated fatty acids were lower in the meat of birds fed T2–T6 relative to T1. Supplementation of vitamin E reduced drip loss (DL) and increased redness, tenderness, free thiol content, and the oxidative stability of meat during storage at 4 °C. Regardless of diet, free thiol, redness and Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) value decreased significantly, whereas the carbonyl content, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), and DL of breast meat increased over the ageing period. In conclusion, relative to T1, the other diets were effective in improving growth performance and meat quality during post-mortem storage
Key words: fatty acid profile, free thiol, lipid oxidation, palm oil, protein oxidation, sunflower oil
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Zahib IR, Md Tahir P, Talib M, Mohamad R, Alias AH, Lee SH. Effects of degree of substitution and irradiation doses on the properties of hydrogel prepared from carboxymethyl-sago starch and polyethylene glycol. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 252:117224. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Tang HC, Sieo CC, Abdullah N, Chong CW, Omar AR, Mohamad R, Ho YW, Yong CY. Mitsuokella Jalaludinii Supplementation Improved Nutrient Utilization of Broilers Fed Low-Available Phosphorus Diet. Braz J Poult Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2020-1332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- HC Tang
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia; Management and Science University, Malaysia
| | - CC Sieo
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia; Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - N Abdullah
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia; Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
| | | | - AR Omar
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia; Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
| | | | - YW Ho
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - CY Yong
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia; Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
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Mohd Yusof H, Abdul Rahman N, Mohamad R, Zaidan UH, Samsudin AA. Biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles by cell-biomass and supernatant of Lactobacillus plantarum TA4 and its antibacterial and biocompatibility properties. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19996. [PMID: 33204003 PMCID: PMC7673015 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76402-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to utilize the cell-biomass (CB) and supernatant (CFS) of zinc-tolerant Lactobacillus plantarum TA4 as a prospective nanofactory to synthesize ZnO NPs. The surface plasmon resonance for the biosynthesized ZnO NPs-CFS and ZnO NPs-CB was 349 nm and 351 nm, respectively, thereby confirming the formation of ZnO NPs. The FTIR analysis revealed the presence of proteins, carboxyl, and hydroxyl groups on the surfaces of both the biosynthesized ZnO NPs that act as reducing and stabilizing agents. The DLS analysis revealed that the poly-dispersity indexes was less than 0.4 for both ZnO NPs. In addition, the HR-TEM micrographs of the biosynthesized ZnO NPs revealed a flower-like pattern for ZnO NPs-CFS and an irregular shape for ZnO NPs-CB with particles size of 291.1 and 191.8 nm, respectively. In this study, the biosynthesized ZnO NPs exhibited antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria in a concentration-dependent manner and showed biocompatibility with the Vero cell line at specific concentrations. Overall, CFS and CB of L. plantarum TA4 can potentially be used as a nanofactory for the biological synthesis of ZnO NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidayat Mohd Yusof
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor'Aini Abdul Rahman
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Rosfarizan Mohamad
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Uswatun Hasanah Zaidan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Anjas Asmara Samsudin
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Roselan MA, Ashari SE, Faujan NH, Mohd Faudzi SM, Mohamad R. An Improved Nanoemulsion Formulation Containing Kojic Monooleate: Optimization, Characterization and In Vitro Studies. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112616. [PMID: 32512808 PMCID: PMC7321202 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase inhibitors have become increasingly important targets for hyperpigmentation disease treatment. Kojic monooleate (KMO), synthesized from the esterification of kojic acid and oleic acid, has shown a better depigmenting effect than kojic acid. In this study, the process parameters include the speed of high shear, the time of high shear and the speed of the stirrer in the production of nanoemulsion containing KMO was optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM), as well as evaluated in terms of its physicochemical properties, safety and efficacy. The optimized condition for the formulation of KMO nanoemulsion was 8.04 min (time of high shear), 4905.42 rpm (speed of high shear), and 271.77 rpm (speed of stirrer), which resulted in a droplet size of 103.97 nm. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the fitness of the quadratic polynomial fit the experimental data with large F-values (148.79) and small p-values (p < 0.0001) and an insignificant lack of fit. The optimized nanoemulsion containing KMO with a pH value of 5.75, showed a high conductivity value (3.98 mS/cm), which indicated that the nanoemulsion containing KMO was identified as an oil-in-water type of nanoemulsion. The nanoemulsion remains stable (no phase separation) under a centrifugation test and displays accelerated stability during storage at 4, 25 and 45 °C over 90 days. The cytotoxicity assay showed that the optimized nanoemulsion was less toxic, with a 50% inhibition of cell viability (IC50) > 500 μg/mL, and that it can inhibit 67.12% of tyrosinase activity. This study reveals that KMO is a promising candidate for the development of a safe cosmetic agent to prevent hyperpigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Azimuddin Roselan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.A.R.); (N.H.F.); (S.M.M.F.)
- Integrated Chemical BioPhysics Research, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Efliza Ashari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.A.R.); (N.H.F.); (S.M.M.F.)
- Integrated Chemical BioPhysics Research, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Centre of Foundation Studies for Agricultural Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
| | - Nur Hana Faujan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.A.R.); (N.H.F.); (S.M.M.F.)
- Integrated Chemical BioPhysics Research, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Centre of Foundation Studies for Agricultural Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Munirah Mohd Faudzi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.A.R.); (N.H.F.); (S.M.M.F.)
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rosfarizan Mohamad
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
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Mohamad Zabidi NA, Foo HL, Loh TC, Mohamad R, Abdul Rahim R. Enhancement of Versatile Extracellular Cellulolytic and Hemicellulolytic Enzyme Productions by Lactobacillus plantarum RI 11 Isolated from Malaysian Food Using Renewable Natural Polymers. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112607. [PMID: 32503356 PMCID: PMC7321320 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus plantarum RI 11 was reported recently to be a potential lignocellulosic biomass degrader since it has the capability of producing versatile extracellular cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzymes. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate further the effects of various renewable natural polymers on the growth and production of extracellular cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzymes by this novel isolate. Basal medium supplemented with molasses and yeast extract produced the highest cell biomass (log 10.51 CFU/mL) and extracellular endoglucanase (11.70 µg/min/mg), exoglucanase (9.99 µg/min/mg), β-glucosidase (10.43 nmol/min/mg), and mannanase (8.03 µg/min/mg), respectively. Subsequently, a statistical optimization approach was employed for the enhancement of cell biomass, and cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzyme productions. Basal medium that supplemented with glucose, molasses and soybean pulp (F5 medium) or with rice straw, yeast extract and soybean pulp (F6 medium) produced the highest cell population of log 11.76 CFU/mL, respectively. However, formulated F12 medium supplemented with glucose, molasses and palm kernel cake enhanced extracellular endoglucanase (4 folds), exoglucanase (2.6 folds) and mannanase (2.6 folds) specific activities significantly, indicating that the F12 medium could induce the highest production of extracellular cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzymes concomitantly. In conclusion, L. plantarum RI 11 is a promising and versatile bio-transformation agent for lignocellulolytic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nursyafiqah A. Mohamad Zabidi
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.M.Z.); (R.M.)
| | - Hooi Ling Foo
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.M.Z.); (R.M.)
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (H.L.F.); (T.C.L.); Tel.: +60-3-9769-7476 (H.L.F.); +60-3-97694814 (T.C.L.)
| | - Teck Chwen Loh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (H.L.F.); (T.C.L.); Tel.: +60-3-9769-7476 (H.L.F.); +60-3-97694814 (T.C.L.)
| | - Rosfarizan Mohamad
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.M.Z.); (R.M.)
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Raha Abdul Rahim
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Office of Vice Chancellor, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Jalan Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal 76100, Melaka, Malaysia
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Lim YH, Foo HL, Loh TC, Mohamad R, Abdul Rahim R. Rapid Evaluation and Optimization of Medium Components Governing Tryptophan Production by Pediococcus acidilactici TP-6 Isolated from Malaysian Food via Statistical Approaches. Molecules 2020; 25:E779. [PMID: 32054138 PMCID: PMC7071007 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan is one of the most extensively used amino acids in livestock industry owing to its effectiveness in enhancing the growth performance of animals. Conventionally, the production of tryptophan relies heavily on genetically modified Escherichia coli but its pathogenicity is a great concern. Our recent study demonstrated that a lactic acid bacterium (LAB), Pediococcus acidilactici TP-6 that isolated from Malaysian food was a promising tryptophan producer. However, the tryptophan production must enhance further for viable industrial application. Hence, the current study evaluated the effects of medium components and optimized the medium composition for tryptophan production by P. acidilactici TP-6 statistically using Plackett-Burman Design, and Central Composite Design. The optimized medium containing molasses (14.06 g/L), meat extract (23.68 g/L), urea (5.56 g/L) and FeSO4 (0.024 g/L) significantly enhanced the tryptophan production by 150% as compared to the control de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe medium. The findings obtained in this study revealed that rapid evaluation and effective optimization of medium composition governing tryptophan production by P. acidilactici TP-6 were feasible via statistical approaches. Additionally, the current findings reveal the potential of utilizing LAB as a safer alternative tryptophan producer and provides insight for future exploitation of various amino acid productions by LAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Heng Lim
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (Y.H.L.); (R.M.); (R.A.R.)
| | - Hooi Ling Foo
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (Y.H.L.); (R.M.); (R.A.R.)
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Teck Chwen Loh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rosfarizan Mohamad
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (Y.H.L.); (R.M.); (R.A.R.)
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Raha Abdul Rahim
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (Y.H.L.); (R.M.); (R.A.R.)
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Office of Vice Chancellor, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Jalan Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal 76100, Melaka, Malaysia
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Hakim AH, Zulkifli I, Soleimani Farjam A, Awad EA, Abdullah N, Chen WL, Mohamad R. Passage time, apparent metabolisable energy and ileal amino acids digestibility of treated palm kernel cake in broilers under the hot and humid tropical climate. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2020.1712266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hanafiah Hakim
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Idrus Zulkifli
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Animal Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Elmutaz Atta Awad
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Poultry Production, University of Khartoum, Khartoum North, Sudan
| | - Norhani Abdullah
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wei Li Chen
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rosfarizan Mohamad
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Mohd Yusof H, Mohamad R, Zaidan UH, Rahman NA. Sustainable microbial cell nanofactory for zinc oxide nanoparticles production by zinc-tolerant probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum strain TA4. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:10. [PMID: 31941498 PMCID: PMC6964013 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-1279-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of microorganisms in the biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) has recently emerged as an alternative to chemical and physical methods due to its low-cost and eco-friendly method. Several lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have developed mechanisms in tolerating Zn2+ through prevention against their toxicity and the production of ZnO NPs. The LAB's main resistance mechanism to Zn2+ is highly depended on the microorganisms' ability to interact with Zn2+ either through biosorption or bioaccumulation processes. Besides the inadequate studies conducted on biosynthesis with the use of zinc-tolerant probiotics, the understanding regarding the mechanism involved in this process is not clear. Therefore, this study determines the features of probiotic LAB strain TA4 related to its resistance to Zn2+. It also attempts to illustrate its potential in creating a sustainable microbial cell nanofactory of ZnO NPs. RESULTS A zinc-tolerant probiotic strain TA4, which was isolated from local fermented food, was selected based on the principal component analysis (PCA) with the highest score of probiotic attributes. Based on the 16S rRNA gene analysis, this strain was identified as Lactobacillus plantarum strain TA4, indicating its high resistance to Zn2+ at a maximum tolerable concentration (MTC) value of 500 mM and its capability of producing ZnO NPs. The UV-visible spectroscopy analysis proved the formations of ZnO NPs through the notable absorption peak at 380 nm. It was also found from the dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis that the Z-average particle size amounted to 124.2 nm with monodisperse ZnO NPs. Studies on scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) revealed that the main mechanisms in ZnO NPs biosynthesis were facilitated by the Zn2+ biosorption ability through the functional groups present on the cell surface of strain TA4. CONCLUSIONS The strong ability of zinc-tolerant probiotic of L. plantarum strain TA4 to tolerate high Zn2+ concentration and to produce ZnO NPs highlights the unique properties of these bacteria as a natural microbial cell nanofactory for a more sustainable and eco-friendly practice of ZnO NPs biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidayat Mohd Yusof
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rosfarizan Mohamad
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Uswatun Hasanah Zaidan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor'Aini Abdul Rahman
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. .,Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Khatun J, Loh TC, Akit H, Foo HL, Mohamad R, Kareem KY. Dietary supplementation with L-arginine and combinations of different oil sources beneficially regulates body fat deposition, lipogenic gene expression, growth performance and carcass yield in broiler chickens. Anim Prod Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/an19205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context Broiler meat with excessive of fat and saturated fatty acids content has serious health implication for consumers. The accumulation of abdominal fats in broiler chickens constitutes a loss of dietary energy and also reduces carcass yield. Oil rich in unsaturated fatty acids and l-arginine are effective for reducing fat deposition and improve meat quality. Aims The aim of this study was to examine the effects of supplementation of l-arginine (l-Arg) with four combinations of palm oil (PO) and sunflower oil (SO) on growth performance, carcass yield, fat deposition, lipogenic gene expression and blood lipid profile in broiler chickens. Methods A total of 180 1-day-old chicks (Cobb 500) were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments as: T1, 6% PO (control); T2, 6% PO + 0.25% l-Arg; T3, 4% PO + 2% SO + 0.25% l-Arg; T4, 2% PO + 4% SO + 0.25% l-Arg; and T5, 6% SO + 0.25% l-Arg. Key results Birds fed l-Arg and combinations of PO and SO had higher weight gain at starter and finisher period compared with the control. The carcass yield increased, and relative abdominal fat reduced in broiler fed with combinations of l-Arg and increased level of SO in the diet. The concentration of oleic, palmitoleic and total monounsaturated fatty acids in liver tissue decreased by addition of l-Arg in broiler diet. The palmitic and total saturated fatty acid decreased, and total unsaturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids increased in liver tissue when PO replaced progressively by SO supplemented with l-Arg in the diet. The acetyl-CoA carboxylase , stearoyl-CoA desaturase and fatty acid synthetase gene expression tended to decrease by supplementation of l-Arg with an increased level of SO compared with control. Conclusion Supplementation with l-Arg and combination of PO and SO at the ratio of 4:2 could inhibit lipogenesis and subsequent lower abdominal fat deposition and enhance growth performance and carcass yield in broiler chickens. Implications Ratio of PO and SO, 4:2 with l-Arg supplementation in the dietary of broiler chickens can contribute to a better growth performance, lesser fat deposition and greater carcass yield.
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Lee FH, Wan SY, Foo HL, Loh TC, Mohamad R, Abdul Rahim R, Idrus Z. Comparative Study of Extracellular Proteolytic, Cellulolytic, and Hemicellulolytic Enzyme Activities and Biotransformation of Palm Kernel Cake Biomass by Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Malaysian Foods. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4979. [PMID: 31600952 PMCID: PMC6834149 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20204979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Biotransformation via solid state fermentation (SSF) mediated by microorganisms is a promising approach to produce useful products from agricultural biomass. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that are commonly found in fermented foods have been shown to exhibit extracellular proteolytic, β-glucosidase, β-mannosidase, and β-mannanase activities. Therefore, extracellular proteolytic, cellulolytic, and hemicellulolytic enzyme activities of seven Lactobacillus plantarum strains (a prominent species of LAB) isolated from Malaysian foods were compared in this study. The biotransformation of palm kernel cake (PKC) biomass mediated by selected L. plantarum strains was subsequently conducted. The results obtained in this study exhibited the studied L. plantarum strains produced versatile multi extracellular hydrolytic enzyme activities that were active from acidic to alkaline pH conditions. The highest total score of extracellular hydrolytic enzyme activities were recorded by L. plantarum RI11, L. plantarum RG11, and L. plantarum RG14. Therefore, they were selected for the subsequent biotransformation of PKC biomass via SSF. The hydrolytic enzyme activities of treated PKC extract were compared for each sampling interval. The scanning electron microscopy analyses revealed the formation of extracellular matrices around L. plantarum strains attached to the surface of PKC biomass during SSF, inferring that the investigated L. plantarum strains have the capability to grow on PKC biomass and perform synergistic secretions of various extracellular proteolytic, cellulolytic, and hemicellulolytic enzymes that were essential for the effective biodegradation of PKC. The substantial growth of selected L. plamtraum strains on PKC during SSF revealed the promising application of selected L. plantarum strains as a biotransformation agent for cellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Haw Lee
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Suet Ying Wan
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Hooi Ling Foo
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Teck Chwen Loh
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Rosfarizan Mohamad
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Raha Abdul Rahim
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Zulkifli Idrus
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Lim YH, Foo HL, Loh TC, Mohamad R, Abdul Rahim R, Idrus Z. Optimized medium via statistical approach enhanced threonine production by Pediococcus pentosaceus TL-3 isolated from Malaysian food. Microb Cell Fact 2019; 18:125. [PMID: 31331395 PMCID: PMC6643317 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-019-1173-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Threonine is an essential amino acid that is extensively used in livestock industry as feed supplement due to its pronounced effect in improving the growth performance of animals. Application of genetically engineered bacteria for amino acid production has its share of controversies after eosinophils myalgia syndrome outbreak in 1980s. This has urged for continuous search for a food grade producer as a safer alternative for industrial amino acid production. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) appear as an exceptional candidate owing to their non-pathogenic nature and reputation of Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) status. Recently, we have identified a LAB, Pediococcus pentosaceus TL-3, isolated from Malaysian food as a potential threonine producer. Thus, the objective of this study was to enhance the threonine production by P. pentosaceus TL-3 via optimized medium developed by using Plackett-Burman design (PBD) and central composite design (CCD). RESULTS Molasses, meat extract, (NH4)2SO4, and MnSO4 were identified as the main medium components for threonine production by P. pentosaceus TL-3. The optimum concentration of molasses, meat extract, (NH4)2SO4 and MnSO4 were found to be 30.79 g/L, 25.30 g/L, 8.59 g/L, and 0.098 g/L respectively based on model obtained in CCD with a predicted net threonine production of 123.07 mg/L. The net threonine production by P. pentosaceus TL-3 in the optimized medium was enhanced approximately 2 folds compared to the control. CONCLUSIONS This study has revealed the potential of P. pentosaceus TL-3 as a safer alternative to produce threonine. Additionally, the current study has identified the key medium components affecting the production of threonine by P. pentosaceus TL-3, followed by optimization of their concentrations by means of statistical approach. The findings of this study could act as a guideline for the future exploration of amino acid production by LAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Heng Lim
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hooi Ling Foo
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Teck Chwen Loh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Rosfarizan Mohamad
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Raha Abdul Rahim
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zulkifli Idrus
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Mohd Yusof H, Mohamad R, Zaidan UH, Abdul Rahman NA. Microbial synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles and their potential application as an antimicrobial agent and a feed supplement in animal industry: a review. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2019; 10:57. [PMID: 31321032 PMCID: PMC6615095 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-019-0368-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have gained tremendous attention attributed to their unique properties. Notably, evidence has shown that zinc is an important nutrient in living organisms. As such, both prokaryotes and eukaryotes including bacteria, fungi and yeast are exploited for the synthesis of ZnO NPs by using microbial cells or enzyme, protein and other biomolecules compounds in either an intracellular or extracellular route. ZnO NPs exhibit antimicrobial properties, however, the properties of nanoparticles (NPs) are depended upon on their size and shape, which make them specific for various applications. Nevertheless, the desired size and shape of NPs can be obtained through the optimization process of microbes mediated synthesis by manipulating their reaction conditions. It should be noted that ZnO NPs are synthesized by various chemical and physical methods. Nonetheless, these methods are expensive and not environmentally friendly. On that account, the microbes mediated synthesis of ZnO NPs have rapidly evolved recently where the microbes are cleaner, eco-friendly, non-toxic and biocompatible as the alternatives to chemical and physical practices. Moreover, zinc in the form of NPs is more effective than their bulk counterparts and thus, they have been explored for many potential applications including in animals industry. Notably, with the advent of multi-drug resistant strains, ZnO NPs have emerged as the potential antimicrobial agents. This is mainly due to their superior properties in combating a broad spectrum of pathogens. Moreover, zinc is known as an essential trace element for most of the biological function in the animal's body. As such, the applications of ZnO NPs have been reported to significantly enhance the health and production of the farm animals. Thus, this paper reviews the biological synthesis of ZnO NPs by the microbes, the mechanisms of the biological synthesis, parameters for the optimization process and their potential application as an antimicrobial agent and feed supplement in the animal industry as well as their toxicological hazards on animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidayat Mohd Yusof
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Rosfarizan Mohamad
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Uswatun Hasanah Zaidan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Nor’ Aini Abdul Rahman
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
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21
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Toe CJ, Foo HL, Loh TC, Mohamad R, Abdul Rahim R, Idrus Z. Extracellular Proteolytic Activity and Amino Acid Production by Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Malaysian Foods. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1777. [PMID: 30974873 PMCID: PMC6480130 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Amino acids (AAs) are vital elements for growth, reproduction, and maintenance of organisms. Current technology uses genetically engineered microorganisms for AAs production, which has urged the search for a safer food-grade AA producer strain. The extracellular proteolytic activities of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can be a vital tool to hydrolyze extracellular protein molecules into free AAs, thereby exhibiting great potential for functional AA production. In this study, eight LAB isolated from Malaysian foods were determined for their extracellular proteolytic activities and their capability of producing AAs. All studied LAB exhibited versatile extracellular proteolytic activities from acidic to alkaline pH conditions. In comparison, Pediococcus pentosaceus UP-2 exhibited the highest ability to produce 15 AAs extracellularly, including aspartate, lysine, methionine, threonine, isoleucine, glutamate, proline, alanine, valine, leucine, tryptophan, tyrosine, serine, glycine, and cystine, followed by Pediococcus pentosaceus UL-2, Pediococcus acidilactici UB-6, and Pediococcus acidilactici UP-1 with 11 to 12 different AAs production detected extracellularly. Pediococcus pentosaceus UL-6 demonstrated the highest increment of proline production at 24 h of incubation. However, Pediococcus acidilactici UL-3 and Lactobacillus plantarum I-UL4 exhibited the greatest requirement for AA. The results of this study showed that different LAB possess different extracellular proteolytic activities and potentials as extracellular AA producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Jin Toe
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Hooi Ling Foo
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Teck Chwen Loh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Rosfarizan Mohamad
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Raha Abdul Rahim
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Zulkifli Idrus
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Raman S, Abdullah N, Juan Boo L, Azizi S, Mohamad R. IMPROVEMENT OF PHYTASE BIOSYNTHESIS BY NEW BACTERIAL ISOLATE, PediococcuspentosaceusC4/1A VIA CONTINUOUS CULTIVATION. J microb biotech food sci 2019. [DOI: 10.15414/jmbfs.2019.8.5.1118-1124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytase producer was selected from five different lactic acid bacteria isolates obtained from the animal faeces sources from laboratory culture collection. From the five isolates, C4/1A showed the highest phytase activity (21.25 U/mL) as compared to others and was identified as PediococcuspentosaceusC4/1A by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Optimization of medium formulation and culture conditions was conducted by a conventional method (one-factor-at-one-time) using response surface methodology(RSM). Effects of four parameters were studied on the bacterial growth, reducing sugar and phytase productions. The phytase biosynthesis increased from 21.2 U/mL to 42.3 U/mL using the optimized medium formulation and culture conditions. The RSM suggested that yeast extract, glucose, sodium phytate and inoculum size significantly improved by 99.2% production of phytase. Continuous cultivation was carried out at dilution rate ranging from 0.1 h-1 to 0.4 h-1 and the steady-state of P. pentosaceusC4/1A was achieved after five generations and three residence times. The cultivation was carried out for 48 h and the highest productivity of phytase and cell concentration was obtained at dilution rate 0.3 h-1 which resulted in 8.65 U/mL/h and 0.894 g/L/h, respectively. Throughout the cultivation process, production of phytase was improved by 89.3% from shake-flask experiment to 2L bioreactor.
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Lim YH, Foo HL, Loh TC, Mohamad R, Abdullah N. Comparative studies of versatile extracellular proteolytic activities of lactic acid bacteria and their potential for extracellular amino acid productions as feed supplements. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2019; 10:15. [PMID: 30886709 PMCID: PMC6404369 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-019-0323-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing understanding on the functions of amino acids (AA) has led to new commercial applications and expansion of the worldwide markets. However, the current technologies rely heavily on non-food grade microorganism and chemical synthesis for the production of AA. Several studies reported that lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have the capability of producing AA owing to their well-established proteolytic system and amino acid biosynthesis genes. Hence, the objectives of this study were to explore the extracellular proteolytic activity of LAB isolated from various Malaysian fermented foods and their potential to produce AA extracellularly as feed supplements. RESULTS All the studied LAB isolates were versatile extracellular protease producers, whereby extracellular protease activities were detected from acidic to alkaline pH (pH 5, pH 6.5, pH 8) using qualitative and quantitative proteolytic assays. The highest proteolytic activity at pH 5 (15.76 U/mg) and pH 8 (19.42 U/mg) was achieved by Lactobacillus plantarum RG14, while Lactobacillus plantarum RS5 exhibited the highest proteolytic activity of 17.22 U/mg at pH 6.5. As for the results of AA production conducted in de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe medium and analysed by high pressure liquid chromatography system, all LAB isolates were capable of producing an array of AA. Generally, Pediococcus sp. showed greater ability for AA production as compared to Lactobacillus sp. Moreover, the studied LAB were able to produce a few major feed supplement AA such as methionine, lysine, threonine and tryptophan. P. pentosaceus TL-3 recorded the highest methionine and threonine productivity of 3.72 mg/L/h and 5.58 mg/L/h respectively. However, L. plantarum I-UL4 demonstrated a lysine productivity of 1.24 mg/L/h, while P. acidilactici TP-6 achieved up to 1.73 mg/L/h of tryptophan productivity. CONCLUSION All the 17 studied LAB isolates possessed versatile extracellular proteolytic system and have vast capability of producing various amino acids including a few major feed supplement AA such as methionine, lysine, threonine and tryptophan. Despite AA production was strain dependent, the studied LAB isolates possessed vast potential and can be exploited further as a bio-agent or an alternative amino acids and bioactive peptide producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Heng Lim
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Hooi Ling Foo
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Teck Chwen Loh
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Rosfarizan Mohamad
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Norhani Abdullah
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
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Moniri M, Boroumand Moghaddam A, Azizi S, Abdul Rahim R, Zuhainis SW, Navaderi M, Mohamad R. In vitro molecular study of wound healing using biosynthesized bacteria nanocellulose/silver nanocomposite assisted by bioinformatics databases. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:5097-5112. [PMID: 30254435 PMCID: PMC6143651 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s164573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) based nanocomposites have been developed to promote healing property and antibacterial activity of BNC wound dressing. Molecular study can help to better understanding about interaction of genes and pathways involved in healing progression. Objectives The aim of this study was to prepare bacterial nanocellulose/silver (BNC/Ag) nanocomposite films as ecofriendly wound dressing in order to assess their physical, cytotoxicity and antimicrobial properties. The in vitro molecular study was performed to evaluate expression of genes involved in healing of wounds after treatment with BNC/Ag biofilms. Study design materials and methods Silver nanoparticles were formed by using Citrullus colocynthis extract within new isolated bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) RM1. The nanocomposites were characterized using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Besides, swelling property and Ag release profile of the nanocomposites were studied. The ability of nanocomposites to promote wound healing of human dermal fibroblast cells in vitro was studied. Bioinformatics databases were used to identify genes with important healing effect. Key genes which interfered with healing were studied by quantitative real time PCR. Results Spherical silver nanoparticles with particle size ranging from 20 to 50 nm were synthesized and impregnated within the structure of BNC. The resulting nanocomposites showed significant antibacterial activities with inhibition zones ranging from 7±0.25 to 16.24±0.09 mm against skin pathogenic bacteria. Moreover, it was compatible with human fibroblast cells (HDF) and could promote in vitro wound healing after 48h. Based on bioinformatics databases, the genes of TGF-β1, MMP2, MMP9, CTNNB1, Wnt4, hsa-miR-29b-3p and hsa-miR-29c-3p played important role in wound healing. The nanocomposites had an effect in expression of the genes in healing. Thus, the BNC/Ag nanocomposite can be used to heal wound in a short period and simple manner. Conclusion This eco-friendly nanocomposite with excellent antibacterial activities and healing property confirming its utility as potential wound dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Moniri
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia, , .,Young Researcher and Elite Club, Sabzevar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Amin Boroumand Moghaddam
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia, , .,Young Researcher and Elite Club, Sabzevar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Susan Azizi
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia, ,
| | - Raha Abdul Rahim
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Saad Wan Zuhainis
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia,
| | - Mohammad Navaderi
- Young Research and Elite Club, Parand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Parand, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rosfarizan Mohamad
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia, , .,Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia,
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25
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Playford D, Mohamad R, Talbot LYLE, Bordin E, Strange G. P5631Artificial intelligence (AI) and echocardiography: a training model using real world data for imputation of missing measurements. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy566.p5631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D Playford
- University of Notre Dame, Medicine, Perth, Australia
| | - R Mohamad
- Alerte Digital Health, Perth, Australia
| | | | - E Bordin
- Alerte Digital Health, Perth, Australia
| | - G Strange
- University of Notre Dame, Medicine, Perth, Australia
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26
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27
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Moniri M, Boroumand Moghaddam A, Azizi S, Abdul Rahim R, Zuhainis Saad W, Navaderi M, Arulselvan P, Mohamad R. Molecular study of wound healing after using biosynthesized BNC/Fe 3O 4 nanocomposites assisted with a bioinformatics approach. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:2955-2971. [PMID: 29861630 PMCID: PMC5968787 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s159637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Molecular investigation of wound healing has allowed better understanding about interaction of genes and pathways involved in healing progression. Objectives The aim of this study was to prepare magnetic/bacterial nanocellulose (Fe3O4/BNC) nanocomposite films as ecofriendly wound dressing in order to evaluate their physical, cytotoxicity and antimicrobial properties. The molecular study was carried out to evaluate expression of genes involved in healing of wounds after treatment with BNC/Fe3O4 films. Study design, materials, and methods Magnetic nanoparticles were biosynthesized by using Aloe vera extract in new isolated bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) RM1. The nanocomposites were characterized using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, swelling property and metal ions release profile of the nanocomposites were investigated. The ability of nanocomposites to promote wound healing of human dermal fibroblast cells in vitro was examined. Bioinformatics databases were used to identify genes with important healing effect. Key genes which interfered with healing were studied by quantitative real time PCR. Results Spherical magnetic nanoparticles (15–30 nm) were formed and immobilized within the structure of BNC. The BNC/Fe3O4 was nontoxic (IC50>500 μg/mL) with excellent wound healing efficiency after 48 hours. The nanocomposites showed good antibacterial activity ranging from 6±0.2 to 13.40±0.10 mm against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The effective genes for the wound healing process were TGF-B1, MMP2, MMP9, Wnt4, CTNNB1, hsa-miR-29b, and hsa-miR-29c with time dependent manner. BNC/Fe3O4 has an effect on microRNA by reducing its expression and therefore causing an increase in the gene expression of other genes, which consequently resulted in wound healing. Conclusion This eco-friendly nanocomposite with excellent healing properties can be used as an effective wound dressing for treatment of cutaneous wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Moniri
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Young Researcher and Elite Club, Sabzevar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Amin Boroumand Moghaddam
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Young Researcher and Elite Club, Sabzevar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Susan Azizi
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Raha Abdul Rahim
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wan Zuhainis Saad
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Navaderi
- Young Research and Elite Club, Parand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Parand, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Palanisamy Arulselvan
- Muthayammal Centre for Advanced Research, Muthayammal College of Arts and Science, Rasipuram, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Rosfarizan Mohamad
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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28
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Ishak N, Lajis AFB, Mohamad R, Ariff AB, Mohamed MS, Halim M, Wasoh H. Kinetics and Optimization of Lipophilic Kojic Acid Derivative Synthesis in Polar Aprotic Solvent Using Lipozyme RMIM and Its Rheological Study. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020501. [PMID: 29495254 PMCID: PMC6017067 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of kojic acid derivative (KAD) from kojic and palmitic acid (C16:0) in the presence of immobilized lipase from Rhizomucor miehei (commercially known as Lipozyme RMIM), was studied using a shake flask system. Kojic acid is a polyfunctional heterocycles that acts as a source of nucleophile in this reaction allowing the formation of a lipophilic KAD. In this study, the source of biocatalyst, Lipozyme RMIM, was derived from the lipase of Rhizomucor miehei immobilized on weak anion exchange macro-porous Duolite ES 562 by the adsorption technique. The effects of solvents, enzyme loading, reaction temperature, and substrate molar ratio on the reaction rate were investigated. In one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) experiments, a high reaction rate (30.6 × 10−3 M·min−1) of KAD synthesis was recorded using acetone, enzyme loading of 1.25% (w/v), reaction time of 12 h, temperature of 50 °C and substrate molar ratio of 5:1. Thereafter, a yield of KAD synthesis was optimized via the response surface methodology (RSM) whereby the optimized molar ratio (fatty acid: kojic acid), enzyme loading, reaction temperature and reaction time were 6.74, 1.97% (w/v), 45.9 °C, and 20 h respectively, giving a high yield of KAD (64.47%). This condition was reevaluated in a 0.5 L stirred tank reactor (STR) where the agitation effects of two impellers; Rushton turbine (RT) and pitch-blade turbine (PBT), were investigated. In the STR, a very high yield of KAD synthesis (84.12%) was achieved using RT at 250 rpm, which was higher than the shake flask, thus indicating better mixing quality in STR. In a rheological study, a pseudoplastic behavior of KAD mixture was proposed for potential application in lotion formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurazwa Ishak
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ahmad Firdaus B Lajis
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Rosfarizan Mohamad
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Arbakariya B Ariff
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Shamzi Mohamed
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Murni Halim
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Helmi Wasoh
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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30
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Azizi S, Mahdavi Shahri M, Rahman HS, Rahim RA, Rasedee A, Mohamad R. Green synthesis palladium nanoparticles mediated by white tea ( Camellia sinensis) extract with antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiproliferative activities toward the human leukemia (MOLT-4) cell line. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:8841-8853. [PMID: 29276385 PMCID: PMC5734231 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s149371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Among nanoparticles used for medical applications, palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) are among the least investigated. This study was undertaken to develop PdNPs by green synthesis using white tea (W.tea; Camellia sinensis) extract to produce the Pd@W.tea NPs. The Pd@W.tea NPs were characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry, and evaluated with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The Pd@W.tea NPs were spherical (size 6–18 nm) and contained phenols and flavonoids acquired from the W.tea extract. Pd@W.tea NPs has good 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), OH, and NO-scavenging properties as well as antibacterial effects toward Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli. MTT assay showed that Pd@W.tea NPs (IC50 =0.006 μM) were more antiproliferative toward the human leukemia (MOLT-4) cells than the W.tea extract (IC50 =0.894 μM), doxorubicin (IC50 =2.133 μM), or cisplatin (IC50 =0.013 μM), whereas they were relatively innocuous for normal human fibroblast (HDF-a) cells. The anticancer cell effects of Pd@W.tea NPs are mediated through the induction of apoptosis and G2/M cell-cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Azizi
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Heshu Sulaiman Rahman
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani Nwe.,College of Health Science, Komar University of Science and Technology (KUST), Chaq-Chaq Qularaise, Sulaimani City, Iraq.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
| | - Raha Abdul Rahim
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences
| | | | - Rosfarizan Mohamad
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Laboratory of Biopolymer and Derivatives, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Kumar LM, Saad WZ, Mohamad R, Rahim RA. Influence of biofilm-forming lactic acid bacteria against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA S547). Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Boroumand Moghaddam A, Moniri M, Azizi S, Abdul Rahim R, Bin Ariff A, Navaderi M, Mohamad R. Eco-Friendly Formulated Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Induction of Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in the MCF-7 Cancer Cell Line. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8100281. [PMID: 29053567 PMCID: PMC5664131 DOI: 10.3390/genes8100281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Green products have strong potential in the discovery and development of unique drugs. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have been observed to have powerful cytotoxicity against cells that cause breast cancer. The present study aims to examine the cell cycle profile, status of cell death, and pathways of apoptosis in breast cancer cells (MCF-7) treated with biosynthesized ZnO NPs. The anti-proliferative activity of ZnO NPs was determined using MTT assay. Cell cycle analysis and the mode of cell death were evaluated using a flow cytometry instrument. Quantitative real-time-PCR (qRT-PCR) was employed to investigate the expression of apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. ZnO NPs were cytotoxic to the MCF-7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The 50% growth inhibition concentration (IC50) of ZnO NPs at 24 h was 121 µg/mL. Cell cycle analysis revealed that ZnO NPs induced sub-G1 phase (apoptosis), with values of 1.87% at 0 μg/mL (control), 71.49% at IC25, 98.91% at IC50, and 99.44% at IC75. Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) flow cytometry analysis confirmed that ZnO NPs induce apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. The pro-apoptotic genes p53, p21, Bax, and JNK were upregulated, whereas anti-apoptotic genes Bcl-2, AKT1, and ERK1/2 were downregulated in a dose-dependent manner. The arrest and apoptosis of MCF-7 cells were induced by ZnO NPs through several signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Boroumand Moghaddam
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Young Research and Elite Club, Sabzevar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sabzevar, Iran.
| | - Mona Moniri
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Young Research and Elite Club, Sabzevar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sabzevar, Iran.
| | - Susan Azizi
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Raha Abdul Rahim
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Arbakariya Bin Ariff
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohammad Navaderi
- Young Research and Elite Club, Parand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Parand, Iran.
| | - Rosfarizan Mohamad
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Kalantari K, Moniri M, Boroumand Moghaddam A, Abdul Rahim R, Bin Ariff A, Izadiyan Z, Mohamad R. A Review of the Biomedical Applications of Zerumbone and the Techniques for Its Extraction from Ginger Rhizomes. Molecules 2017; 22:E1645. [PMID: 28974019 PMCID: PMC6151537 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Zerumbone (ZER) is a phytochemical isolated from the subtropical Zingiberaceae family and as a natural compound it has different biomedical properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory anti-proliferative activity. ZER also has effects on angiogenesis and acts as an antitumor drug in the treatment of cancer, showing selective toxicity toward various cancer cell lines. Several techniques also have been established for extraction of ZER from the rhizomes of ginger. This review paper is an overview of recent research about different extraction methods and their efficiencies, in vivo and vitro investigations of ZER and also its prominent chemopreventive properties and treatment mechanisms. Most of the studies mentioned in this review paper may be useful use as a knowledge summary to explain ZER extraction and anticancer activities, which will show a way for the development of strategies in the treatment of malignancies using ZER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katayoon Kalantari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
- Centre of Advanced Materials (CAM), Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Mona Moniri
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Amin Boroumand Moghaddam
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Raha Abdul Rahim
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Arbakariya Bin Ariff
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Center, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Zahra Izadiyan
- Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia.
| | - Rosfarizan Mohamad
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Univerciti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
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Khatun J, Loh TC, Akit H, Foo HL, Mohamad R. Influence of different sources of oil on performance, meat quality, gut morphology, ileal digestibility and serum lipid profile in broilers. Journal of Applied Animal Research 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2017.1337580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Khatun
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Animal Science and Nutrition, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - T. C. Loh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - H. Akit
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - H. L. Foo
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - R. Mohamad
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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Azizi S, Mohamad R, Abdul Rahim R, Mohammadinejad R, Bin Ariff A. Hydrogel beads bio-nanocomposite based on Kappa-Carrageenan and green synthesized silver nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 104:423-431. [PMID: 28591593 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the fabrication and characterization of bio-nanocomposite hydrogel beads based on Kappa-Carrageenan (κ-Carrageenan) and bio-synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs). The silver nanoparticles were prepared in aqueous Citrullus colocynthis seed extract as both reducing and capping agent. Cross-linked κ-Carrageenan/Ag-NPs hydrogel beads were prepared using potassium chloride as the cross-linker. The hydrogel beads were characterized using XRD and FESEM. Moreover, swelling property of the hydrogel beads was investigated. The Ag release profile of the hydrogels was obtained by fitting the experimental data to power law equation. The direct visualization of the green synthesized Ag-NPs using TEM shows particle size in the range of 23±2nm. The bio-nanocomposite hydrogels showed lesser swelling behavior in comparison with pure κ-Carrageenan hydrogel. Regardless the slow Ag release, κ-Carrageenan/Ag-NPs presented good antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Methicilin Resistant Staphylococcus aurous, Peseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli with maximum zones of inhibition 11±2mm. Cytotoxicity study showed that the bio-nanocomposite hydrogels with non-toxic effect of concentration below 1000μg/mL have great pharmacological potential and a suitable level of safety for use in the biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Azizi
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Rosfarizan Mohamad
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Laboratory of Biopolymer and Derivatives, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Raha Abdul Rahim
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Reza Mohammadinejad
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Arbakariya Bin Ariff
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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36
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Nor NM, Mohamed MS, Loh TC, Foo HL, Rahim RA, Tan JS, Mohamad R. Comparative analyses on medium optimization using one-factor-at-a-time, response surface methodology, and artificial neural network for lysine–methionine biosynthesis by Pediococcus pentosaceus RF-1. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2017.1335177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Norfarina Muhamad Nor
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shamzi Mohamed
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Teck Chwen Loh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hooi Ling Foo
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Raha Abdul Rahim
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Joo Shun Tan
- Bioprocess Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Rosfarizan Mohamad
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Nawawi MH, Mohamad R, Tahir PM, Saad WZ. Extracellular Xylanopectinolytic Enzymes by Bacillus subtilis ADI1 from EFB's Compost. Int Sch Res Notices 2017; 2017:7831954. [PMID: 28523288 PMCID: PMC5421085 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7831954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Microbial xylanase and pectinase are two extremely valuable enzymes, which have captivated much attention. This can be seen from the increased demand for these enzymes by many industrial sectors. This study investigates the isolation and screening of extracellular xylanopectinolytic enzymes-producing bacteria in a submerged fermentation (SmF). Samples are collected from the compost of empty fruit bunch (EFB) at Biocompost Pilot Plant, located at Biorefinery Plant, Universiti Putra Malaysia. From the experiment, out of 20 isolates, 11 isolates show xylanase or/and pectinase activity, and only one isolate (EFB-11) shows the concurrent activities of xylanase and pectinase. These activities are selected for enzyme production under submerged fermentation (quantitative screening). At the 72nd hour of incubation, xylanase and pectinase show the highest production, which ranges about 42.33 U/mL and 62.17 U/mL (with low amount of cellulase present), supplemented with 2% (w/v) of rice bran as carbon source at incubation temperature level, which is 30°C. Meanwhile, the pH of media is shifted to 8.42, which indicates that EFB-11 isolate is alkalotolerant bacteria and identified as Bacillus subtilis ADI1. This strain proves to have potential in agroindustrial bioconversion and has a promising ability to scale up to an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hariadi Nawawi
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rosfarizan Mohamad
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Paridah Md. Tahir
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wan Zuhainis Saad
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Khatun J, Loh TC, Akit H, Foo HL, Mohamad R. Fatty acid composition, fat deposition, lipogenic gene expression and performance of broiler fed diet supplemented with different sources of oil. Anim Sci J 2017; 88:1406-1413. [PMID: 28220633 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study assessed the effect of feeding palm oil (PO), sunflower oil (SO) and their combination on performance, fat deposition, fatty acid composition and lipogenic gene expression of broilers reared for 42 days. A total of 144 1-day-old broilers (Cobb500) were randomly allotted into four treatment diets with each having six replicates of six chicks in each replicate following a completely randomized design. Live weight gain and feed efficiency was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in birds fed with a combination of oil sources compared to controls. Birds fed with the combination of oil and SO alone had higher carcass yield and lower abdominal fat. Higher (P < 0.05) concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) and lower concentrations of palmitic acid and saturated fatty acid (SFA) was found in birds fed SO alone and combinations of SO and PO. Furthermore, the outcomes showed that birds fed diet supplemented with SO and the combination of SO and PO down-regulated gene expression of key hepatic lipogenic enzymes of fatty acids synthase (FAS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD). These findings suggest that the diet containing the combination of 2% PO and 4% SO may reduce hepatic lipogenesis, as well as lower abdominal fat content of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannatara Khatun
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Animal Science and Nutrition, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Teck Chwen Loh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.,Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Henny Akit
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hooi Ling Foo
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.,Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rosfarizan Mohamad
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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39
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Azizi S, Mohamad R, Mahdavi Shahri M. Green Microwave-Assisted Combustion Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles with Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad: Characterization and Biomedical Applications. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22020301. [PMID: 28212344 PMCID: PMC6155814 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22020301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, a green microwave-assisted combustion approach to synthesize ZnO-NPs using zinc nitrate and Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad (fruit, seed and pulp) extracts as bio-fuels is reported. The structure, optical, and colloidal properties of the synthesized ZnO-NP samples were studied. Results illustrate that the morphology and particle size of the ZnO samples are different and depend on the bio-fuel. The XRD results revealed that hexagonal wurtzite ZnO-NPs with mean particle size of 27–85 nm were produced by different bio-fuels. The optical band gap was increased from 3.25 to 3.40 eV with the decreasing of particle size. FTIR results showed some differences in the surface structures of the as-synthesized ZnO-NP samples. This led to differences in the zeta potential, hydrodynamic size, and more significantly, antioxidant activity through scavenging of 1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals. In in vitro cytotoxicity studies on 3T3 cells, a dose dependent toxicity with non-toxic effect of concentration below 0.26 mg/mL was shown for ZnO-NP samples. Furthermore, the as-synthesized ZnO-NPs inhibited the growth of medically significant pathogenic gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aurous) and gram-negative (Peseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli) bacteria. This study provides a simple, green and efficient approach to produce ZnO nanoparticles for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Azizi
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Rosfarizan Mohamad
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
- Laboratory of Biopolymer and Derivatives, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Mahnaz Mahdavi Shahri
- Department of Chemistry, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz 74731-71987, Iran.
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40
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Azizi S, Mohamad R, Mahdavi Shahri M. Green Microwave-Assisted Combustion Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles with Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad: Characterization and Biomedical Applications. Molecules 2017. [PMID: 28212344 DOI: 10.3390/molecules2202030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, a green microwave-assisted combustion approach to synthesize ZnO-NPs using zinc nitrate and Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad (fruit, seed and pulp) extracts as bio-fuels is reported. The structure, optical, and colloidal properties of the synthesized ZnO-NP samples were studied. Results illustrate that the morphology and particle size of the ZnO samples are different and depend on the bio-fuel. The XRD results revealed that hexagonal wurtzite ZnO-NPs with mean particle size of 27-85 nm were produced by different bio-fuels. The optical band gap was increased from 3.25 to 3.40 eV with the decreasing of particle size. FTIR results showed some differences in the surface structures of the as-synthesized ZnO-NP samples. This led to differences in the zeta potential, hydrodynamic size, and more significantly, antioxidant activity through scavenging of 1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals. In in vitro cytotoxicity studies on 3T3 cells, a dose dependent toxicity with non-toxic effect of concentration below 0.26 mg/mL was shown for ZnO-NP samples. Furthermore, the as-synthesized ZnO-NPs inhibited the growth of medically significant pathogenic gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aurous) and gram-negative (Peseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli) bacteria. This study provides a simple, green and efficient approach to produce ZnO nanoparticles for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Azizi
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Rosfarizan Mohamad
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
- Laboratory of Biopolymer and Derivatives, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Mahnaz Mahdavi Shahri
- Department of Chemistry, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz 74731-71987, Iran.
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Playford D, Jais P, Weerasooriya R, Martyn S, Bollam L, Turewicz M, Mohamad R. A Validation Study of Automated Atrial Fibrillation Detection Using Alerte Digital Health's Artificial Intelligence System. Heart Lung Circ 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2017.06.546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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42
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Lai ZW, Abdul Rahim R, B. Ariff A, Mohamad R. COMPARISON OF HYALURONIC ACID BIOSYNTHESIS BY THE RECOMBINANT Escherichia Coli STRAINS IN DIFFERENT MODE OF BIOREACTOR OPERATION. J microb biotech food sci 2016. [DOI: 10.15414/jmbfs.2016/17.6.3.905-910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant E. coli was used as a host to explore the biosynthesis of Hyaluronic acid (HA) in Gram-negative strain using the optimized medium. In addition, measurement of HA molecular weight produced by the recombinant strains in shake-flask and 2 L stirred tank bioreactor (batch and fed-batch cultivation) were compared too .In this study, the hasA and hasE genes expressed together in a plasmid in recombinant E. coli strains were successfully produced HA using glucose as a carbon source under aerobic condition. Production of 127 mg/L HA was observed in a batch fermentation process with the highest HA molecular weight (70056 Da) using strain sAE in 2 L stirred tank bioreactor with controlled DO at 30%. The fed-batch culture with constant feeding of glucose was favorable for cell growth and the highest OD600 achieved at 1.923. However, the HA biosynthesis and molecular weight in fed-batch culture were lower than that observed in the batch culture.
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Azizi S, Mohamad R, Bahadoran A, Bayat S, Rahim RA, Ariff A, Saad WZ. Effect of annealing temperature on antimicrobial and structural properties of bio-synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles using flower extract of Anchusa italica. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 2016; 161:441-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Namvar F, Azizi S, Rahman HS, Mohamad R, Rasedee A, Soltani M, Rahim RA. Green synthesis, characterization, and anticancer activity of hyaluronan/zinc oxide nanocomposite. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:4549-59. [PMID: 27555781 PMCID: PMC4968863 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s95962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The study describes an in situ green biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanocomposite using the seaweed Sargassum muticum water extract and hyaluronan biopolymer. The morphology and optical properties of the hyaluronan/zinc oxide (HA/ZnO) nanocomposite were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and ultraviolet-vis analysis. Electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the zinc oxide nanoparticles were polydispersed with a mean size of 10.2±1.5 nm. The nanoparticles were mostly hexagonal in crystalline form. The HA/ZnO nanocomposite showed the absorption properties in the ultraviolet zone that is ascribed to the band gap of zinc oxide nanocomposite. In the cytotoxicity study, cancer cells, pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PANC-1), ovarian adenocarcinoma (CaOV-3), colonic adenocarcinoma (COLO205), and acute promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells were treated with HA/ZnO nanocomposite. At 72 hours of treatment, the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value via the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was 10.8±0.3 μg/mL, 15.4±1.2 μg/mL, 12.1±0.9 μg/mL, and 6.25±0.5 μg/mL for the PANC-1, CaOV-3, COLO-205, and HL-60 cells, respectively, showing that the composite is most toxic to the HL-60 cells. On the other hand, HA/ZnO nanocomposite treatment for 72 hours did not cause toxicity to the normal human lung fibroblast (MRC-5) cell line. Using fluorescent dyes and flow cytometry analysis, HA/ZnO nanocomposite caused G2/M cell cycle arrest and stimulated apoptosis-related increase in caspase-3 and -7 activities of the HL-60 cells. Thus, the study shows that the HA/ZnO nanocomposite produced through green synthesis has great potential to be developed into an efficacious therapeutic agent for cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Namvar
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Research Center for Animal Development Applied Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Susan Azizi
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences
| | - Heshu Sulaiman Rahman
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Clinic and Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sulaimani
- Department of Laboratory Medical Sciences, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaimani City, Kurdistan Region, Northern Iraq
| | - Rosfarizan Mohamad
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences
| | - Abdullah Rasedee
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mozhgan Soltani
- Research Center for Animal Development Applied Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Raha Abdul Rahim
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Abdulla NR, Loh TC, Akit H, Sazili AQ, Foo HL, Kareem KY, Mohamad R, Abdul Rahim R. Effects of dietary oil sources, calcium and phosphorus levels on growth performance, carcass characteristics and bone quality of broiler chickens. Journal of Applied Animal Research 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2016.1206903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nazim Rasul Abdulla
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Animal Resource, University of Salah al-Din, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Teck Chwen Loh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Henny Akit
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Awis Qurni Sazili
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hooi Ling Foo
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Karwan Yaseen Kareem
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Animal Resource, University of Salah al-Din, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Rosfarizan Mohamad
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Raha Abdul Rahim
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Jumbri K, Al-Haniff Rozy MF, Ashari SE, Mohamad R, Basri M, Fard Masoumi HR. Optimisation and Characterisation of Lipase-Catalysed Synthesis of a Kojic Monooleate Ester in a Solvent-Free System by Response Surface Methodology. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144664. [PMID: 26657030 PMCID: PMC4681531 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Kojic acid is widely used to inhibit the browning effect of tyrosinase in cosmetic and food industries. In this work, synthesis of kojic monooleate ester (KMO) was carried out using lipase-catalysed esterification of kojic acid and oleic acid in a solvent-free system. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was used to optimise the main important reaction variables, such as enzyme amount, reaction temperature, substrate molar ratio, and reaction time along with immobilised lipase from Candida Antarctica (Novozym 435) as a biocatalyst. The RSM data indicated that the reaction temperature was less significant in comparison to other factors for the production of a KMO ester. By using this statistical analysis, a quadratic model was developed in order to correlate the preparation variable to the response (reaction yield). The optimum conditions for the enzymatic synthesis of KMO were as follows: an enzyme amount of 2.0 wt%, reaction temperature of 83.69°C, substrate molar ratio of 1:2.37 (mmole kojic acid:oleic acid) and a reaction time of 300.0 min. Under these conditions, the actual yield percentage obtained was 42.09%, which is comparably well with the maximum predicted value of 44.46%. Under the optimal conditions, Novozym 435 could be reused for 5 cycles for KMO production percentage yield of at least 40%. The results demonstrated that statistical analysis using RSM can be used efficiently to optimise the production of a KMO ester. Moreover, the optimum conditions obtained can be applied to scale-up the process and minimise the cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khairulazhar Jumbri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Siti Efliza Ashari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
| | - Rosfarizan Mohamad
- Department of Technology Bioprocess, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mahiran Basri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hamid Reza Fard Masoumi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Abdulla NR, Loh TC, Akit H, Sazili AQ, Foo HL, Mohamad R, Abdul Rahim R, Ebrahimi M, Sabow AB. Fatty Acid Profile, Cholesterol and Oxidative Status in Broiler Chicken Breast Muscle Fed Different Dietary Oil Sources and Calcium Levels. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v45i2.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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48
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Amiri A, Mohamad R, Rahim RA, Illias RM, Namvar F, Tan JS, Abbasiliasi S. Cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase biosynthesis improvement by recombinantLactococcus lactisNZ:NSP:CGT: medium formulation and culture condition optimization. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2015.1009713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Namvar F, Rahman HS, Mohamad R, Azizi S, Tahir PM, Chartrand MS, Yeap SK. Cytotoxic effects of biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles on murine cell lines. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2015; 2015:593014. [PMID: 25784947 PMCID: PMC4345278 DOI: 10.1155/2015/593014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxic activity and cellular effects of previously prepared ZnO-NPs on murine cancer cell lines using brown seaweed (Sargassum muticum) aqueous extract. Treated cancer cells with ZnO-NPs for 72 hours demonstrated various levels of cytotoxicity based on calculated IC50 values using MTT assay as follows: 21.7 ± 1.3 μg/mL (4T1), 17.45 ± 1.1 μg/mL (CRL-1451), 11.75 ± 0.8 μg/mL (CT-26), and 5.6 ± 0.55 μg/mL (WEHI-3B), respectively. On the other hand, ZnO-NPs treatments for 72 hours showed no toxicity against normal mouse fibroblast (3T3) cell line. On the other hand, paclitaxel, which imposed an inhibitory effect on WEHI-3B cells with IC50 of 2.25 ± 0.4, 1.17 ± 0.5, and 1.6 ± 0.09 μg/mL after 24, 48, and 72 hours treatment, respectively, was used as positive control. Furthermore, distinct morphological changes were found by utilizing fluorescent dyes; apoptotic population was increased via flowcytometry, while a cell cycle block and stimulation of apoptotic proteins were also observed. Additionally, the present study showed that the caspase activations contributed to ZnO-NPs triggered apoptotic death in WEHI-3 cells. Thus, the nature of biosynthesis and the therapeutic potential of ZnO-NPs could prepare the way for further research on the design of green synthesis therapeutic agents, particularly in nanomedicine, for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Namvar
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Research Center for Animal Development Applied Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Heshu Sulaiman Rahman
- Department of Clinic and Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani Nwe, Street 27, Sulaimani City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Bioscience (IBS), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rosfarizan Mohamad
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Susan Azizi
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Paridah Mohd Tahir
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Swee Keong Yeap
- Institute of Bioscience (IBS), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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50
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Baharara J, Namvar F, Ramezani T, Mousavi M, Mohamad R. Silver nanoparticles biosynthesized using Achillea biebersteinii flower extract: apoptosis induction in MCF-7 cells via caspase activation and regulation of Bax and Bcl-2 gene expression. Molecules 2015; 20:2693-706. [PMID: 25665064 PMCID: PMC6272258 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20022693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs), the most popular nanoparticles, possess unique properties. Achillea biebersteinii is a plant of the Asteraceae family rich in active antitumor components. The aim of this research was the characterization and investigation of the cytotoxic properties of Ag-NPs synthesized using A. biebersteinii flower extract, on a human breast cancer cell line. The Ag-NPs were synthesized after approximately 180 min of reaction at 40 °C, then they were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The anti-apoptosis effect of Ag-NPs on the MCF-7 cell line was investigated by MTT assay, DAPI and acridine orange staining and caspase activity. The transcriptional expression of bax, bcl-2, caspase-3, -8 and -9 were also evaluated by RT-PCR. The TEM images revealed that the Ag-NPs morphology had a different shape. The DLS indicated that the average hydrodynamic diameter of the biosynthesized Ag-NPs was around 12 nm. By UV-visible spectroscopy the strongest absorbance peak was observed at 460 nm. The FTIR results also showed interaction between the plant extract and Ag-NPs due to the similarity in the peak patterns. The EDS results showed that Ag-NPs display an absorption peak at 3 keV, indicating the presence of the element silver. The Ag-NPs caused a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability, fragmentation in nucleic acid, inhibited the proliferation and induction of apoptosis on MCF-7 by suppressing specific cell cycle genes, and simulation programmed cell dead genes. Further investigation is required to establish the potential of this novel and promising approach in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Baharara
- Research Center for Animal Development Applied Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad 917568, Iran.
- Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad 917568, Iran.
| | - Farideh Namvar
- Research Center for Animal Development Applied Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad 917568, Iran.
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Tayebe Ramezani
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran 14911, Iran.
| | - Marzieh Mousavi
- Research Center for Animal Development Applied Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad 917568, Iran.
| | - Rosfarizan Mohamad
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
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