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Ahmad S, Hair-Bejo M, Hussein EA, Awad EA, Saeed MI, Liew PS, Zakaria Z. Pathogenicity of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Enteritidis phage type 1 in one-day-old specific pathogen-free chicks. Open Vet J 2022; 12:839-850. [PMID: 36650863 PMCID: PMC9805772 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2022.v12.i6.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The studies about Salmonella infection in newly hatched chicks were not extensive. Aim The objective of this study was to determine the pathogenicity of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE) phage type (PT) 1 in one-day-old specific pathogen-free (SPF) chicks. Methods Seventy, one-day-old SPF chicks, were divided into SE group (30 chicks), mortality group (10 chicks), both orally inoculated (1.0 ml) with SE PT1 (1 × 108 colony-forming unit per 1.0 ml), and one control group (30 chicks). The chicks were sacrificed at 6 and 12 hours, and days 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, and 21 post-inoculation (pi). Samples were collected for bacterial isolation, histological examination, and ultrastructural examination. Results Starting from day 2 pi, the body weight in the SE group significantly (p < 0.05) decreased. The SE isolation percentages from the liver, spleen, mid-intestinal content, cecal content, cecal tonsil, blood, and cloacal swab were 0.73, 0.77, 0.33, 0.33, 0.36, 0.40, and 0.30, respectively. The isolation percentage in the liver was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than the blood and cloacal swab. The villi heights and crypt depths in the SE group were significantly (p < 0.05) greater and smaller, respectively. Ultrastructurally, erosion and necrosis were observed in the microvilli of the cecal tonsil. The bacteria were engulfed by macrophages at the interepithelial clefts of the M-like M cells. Conclusion It was concluded that the inoculation of SE PT 1 in one-day-old chicks caused a systemic infection with diarrhea, a decrease in the body weight and villi height in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, and high bacterial loading in the liver with mild gross and histological lesions of organs, erosion, and necrosis of microvilli and low mortality. The bacteria entered the body system from the intestinal tract through the interepithelial clefts of the M-like M cells of the cecal tonsil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadik Ahmad
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed Hair-Bejo
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia,Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia,Corresponding Author: Mohamed Hair-Bejo. Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.
| | - Elawad A. Hussein
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Elmutaz Atta Awad
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed Ibrahim Saeed
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Pit Sze Liew
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Zunita Zakaria
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia,Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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Hakim AH, Zulkifli I, Farjam AS, Awad EA. Feeding fermented palm kernel cake with higher levels of dietary fat improved gut bacterial population and blood lipid concentration but not the growth performance in broiler chickens. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1979429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hanafiah Hakim
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Idrus Zulkifli
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Animal Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdoreza Soleimani Farjam
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Novozymes Malaysia SdnBhd, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Elmutaz Atta Awad
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Poultry Production, University of Khartoum, Khartoum North, Sudan
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Imlan JC, Kaka U, Goh YM, Idrus Z, Awad EA, Abubakar AA, Ahmad T, Quaza Nizamuddin HN, Sazili AQ. Effects of Slaughter Positions on Catecholamine, Blood Biochemical and Electroencephalogram Changes in Cattle Restrained Using a Modified Mark IV Box. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11071979. [PMID: 34359106 PMCID: PMC8300247 DOI: 10.3390/ani11071979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The proper slaughter positioning of animals is among the most crucial factors in animal welfare. The lateral position in Halal slaughter is a technique used around the world by Muslims, with a few practicing the upright position. The literature on the effects of slaughter in upright versus lateral positions on pain and stress is scarce. Thus, this study was designed to evaluate the effects of slaughter positions on blood biochemical parameters, plasma catecholamines, and electroencephalographic (EEG) responses. Twenty Brahman crossbred steers were subjected to slaughter in either lateral recumbency (LP) (n = 10) or an upright position (UP) (n = 10). There was a significant increase in adrenaline (p < 0.0001) and noradrenaline (p < 0.05) at T2 compared to T1 in the animals of both groups. A significant difference (p < 0.0001) was observed in the median frequency (MF) and total power (Ptot) of EEG, parameters for pain and stress, between the animals slaughtered in the upright and the lateral position. However, MF and delta waves were significantly higher (p < 0.05) after slaughter in the UP group than in the LP group. The results demonstrate a lesser amount of stress and pain responses among the LP group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurhamid Columbres Imlan
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (J.C.I.); (U.K.); (Y.-M.G.); (Z.I.); (E.A.A.); (A.A.A.)
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, University of Southern Mindanao, Cotabato 9407, Philippines
| | - Ubedullah Kaka
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (J.C.I.); (U.K.); (Y.-M.G.); (Z.I.); (E.A.A.); (A.A.A.)
- Department of Companion Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yong-Meng Goh
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (J.C.I.); (U.K.); (Y.-M.G.); (Z.I.); (E.A.A.); (A.A.A.)
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zulkifli Idrus
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (J.C.I.); (U.K.); (Y.-M.G.); (Z.I.); (E.A.A.); (A.A.A.)
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Elmutaz Atta Awad
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (J.C.I.); (U.K.); (Y.-M.G.); (Z.I.); (E.A.A.); (A.A.A.)
- Preclinical Department, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa 16100, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ahmed Abubakar Abubakar
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (J.C.I.); (U.K.); (Y.-M.G.); (Z.I.); (E.A.A.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Tanbir Ahmad
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- ICAR—Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, India
| | | | - Awis Qurni Sazili
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (J.C.I.); (U.K.); (Y.-M.G.); (Z.I.); (E.A.A.); (A.A.A.)
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Putra Infoport, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +603-97694870
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Ahmad T, Ismail A, Ahmad SA, Abdul Khalil K, Awad EA, Akhtar MT, Sazili AQ. Recovery of Gelatin from Bovine Skin with the Aid of Pepsin and Its Effects on the Characteristics of the Extracted Gelatin. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13101554. [PMID: 34066161 PMCID: PMC8150742 DOI: 10.3390/polym13101554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pepsin enzyme was used to pretreat the bovine skin at the rate of 5, 15, and 25 units of enzyme/g of skin to recover gelatin, and the recovered gelatins were referred to as Pe5, Pe15, and Pe25, respectively. The gelatin yield increased significantly (p < 0.05) from 18.17% for Pe5 to 24.67% for Pe25 as the level of pepsin increased, but the corresponding gel strength and viscosity decreased significantly (p < 0.05) from 215.49 to 56.06 g and 9.17 to 8.17 mPa·s for Pe5 and Pe25, respectively. β- and α1- and α2-chains were degraded entirely in all the gelatins samples as observed in protein pattern elaborated by gel electrophoresis. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) analysis indicated the coiled structure of gelatin protein chains. The lowest amide III amplitude of Pe25 as found by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy indicated that α-helix structure of protein chains were lost to more irregular coiled structure. Thus, it could be summarized that pepsin might be used at the lower level (5 units/g of wet skin) to extract gelatin from bovine skin with good functional properties and at higher level (15/25 units/g of wet skin) to obtain gelatin of industrial grade with high yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanbir Ahmad
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amin Ismail
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Halal Products Research Institute, Putra Infoport, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Aqlima Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Molecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Khalilah Abdul Khalil
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Elmutaz Atta Awad
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Production and Biodiversity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa 16100, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Tayyab Akhtar
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
- Natural Product Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Awis Qurni Sazili
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Halal Products Research Institute, Putra Infoport, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Production and Biodiversity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-397691841
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Ramiah SK, Atta Awad E, Hemly NIM, Ebrahimi M, Joshua O, Jamshed M, Saminathan M, Soleimani AF, Idrus Z. Effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on regulatory appetite and heat stress protein genes in broiler chickens subjected to heat stress. J Anim Sci 2021; 98:5906578. [PMID: 32936879 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to explore the effect of the zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) supplement on the regulatory appetite and heat stress (HS) genes in broiler chickens raised under high or normal ambient temperatures. In this study, 240 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Cobb 500) were randomly assigned to 48 battery cages. From day 1, these 48 cages were randomly subjected to four different treatment strategies: Control (wherein, their basal diet included 60 mg/kg of ZnO), ZNONPs 40 (wherein basal diet included 40 mg/kg of ZnONPs), ZnONPs 60 (basal diet included 60 mg/kg of ZnONPs), and ZnONPs 100 (basal diet included 100 mg/kg of ZnONPs). Thereafter, from day 22 to 42, the chickens from each dietary treatment group were subjected to different temperature stresses either normal (23 ± 1 °C constant) or HS (34 ± 1 °C for 6 h/d), which divided them into eight different treatment groups. Our findings revealed that dietary ZnONPs altered the gene expression of cholecystokinin (ileum), heat stress proteins (HSP) 70 (jejunum and ileum), and HSP 90 (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum). The gene expression of ghrelin was affected by the interaction between the ZnONPs concentration and temperature in the duodenum and stomach. More studies are required to elucidate its complex physiological and biochemical functions of the regulation of gene expression within the intestine in heat-stressed broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suriya Kumari Ramiah
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Elmutaz Atta Awad
- Preclinical Department, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nur Izzah Mohd Hemly
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mahdi Ebrahimi
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Olubodun Joshua
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Jamshed
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mookiah Saminathan
- Product Development and Advisory Services Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdoreza Farjam Soleimani
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zulkifli Idrus
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Hanafi Sulong A, Zulkifli I, Ramiah SK, Chung ELT, Awad EA, Sazili AQ. Circulating levels of acute-phase proteins, heat shock protein 70, and corticosterone in the serum of developing chick embryos and newly hatched broiler chicks. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1978879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Hanafi Sulong
- Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, School of Animal Science, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Idrus Zulkifli
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Animal Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Suriya Kumari Ramiah
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Eric Lim Teik Chung
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Animal Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Elmutaz Atta Awad
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Poultry Production, University of Khartoum, Khartoum North, Sudan
| | - Awis Qurni Sazili
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Animal Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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Idrus Z, Norsam NS, Silahuddin MF, Awad EA. Growth performance, well-being, and gut microbial population of broilers raised in cages and floor pens under the hot and humid tropical climate. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1885314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zulkifli Idrus
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Syafiqa Norsam
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | | | - Elmutaz Atta Awad
- Preclinical Department, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Awad EA, Najaa M, Zulaikha ZA, Zulkifli I, Soleimani AF. Effects of heat stress on growth performance, selected physiological and immunological parameters, caecal microflora, and meat quality in two broiler strains. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2020; 33:778-787. [PMID: 31480196 PMCID: PMC7206398 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to investigate the effects of normal and heat stress environments on growth performance and, selected physiological and immunological parameters, caecal microflora and meat quality in Cobb 500 and Ross 308 broilers. METHODS One-hundred-and-twenty male broiler chicks from each strain (one-day-old) were randomly assigned in groups of 10 to 24 battery cages. Ambient temperature on day (d) 1 was set at 32°C and gradually reduced to 23°C on d 21. From d 22 to 35, equal numbers of birds from each strain were exposed to a temperature of either 23°C throughout (normal) or 34°C for 6 h (heat stress). RESULTS From d 1 to 21, strain had no effect (p>0.05) on feed intake (FI), body weight gain (BWG), or the feed conversion ratio (FCR). Except for creatine kinase, no strain×temperature interactions were observed for all the parameters measured. Regardless of strain, heat exposure significantly (p<0.05) reduced FI and BWG (d 22 to 35 and 1 to 35), immunoglobulin Y (IgY) and IgM, while increased FCR (d 22 to 35 and 1 to 35) and serum levels of glucose and acute phase proteins (APPs). Regardless of temperature, the Ross 308 birds had significantly (p<0.05) lower IgA and higher finisher and overall BWG compared to Cobb 500. CONCLUSION The present study suggests that the detrimental effects of heat stress are consistent across commercial broiler strains because there were no significant strain×temperature interactions for growth performance, serum APPs and immunoglobulin responses, meat quality, and ceacal microflora population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmutaz Atta Awad
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Poultry Production, University of Khartoum, 13314 Khartoum North, Sudan
| | - Muhamad Najaa
- Department of Animal Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zainool Abidin Zulaikha
- Department of Animal Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Idrus Zulkifli
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Animal Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdoreza Farjam Soleimani
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Ahmad T, Ismail A, Ahmad SA, Khalil KA, Kee LT, Awad EA, Sazili AQ. Extraction, characterization and molecular structure of bovine skin gelatin extracted with plant enzymes bromelain and zingibain. J Food Sci Technol 2020; 57:3772-3781. [PMID: 32903957 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04409-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bovine skin was incubated with plant enzymes bromelain (B) and zingibain (Z) at the level of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 unit/g of skin and gelatin was extracted at 60 °C for 6 h. Control gelatin was extracted without enzymatic pretreatment. The yield and gel strength were 17.90% and 283.35 g for the control samples and 22.26% and 160.88 g for B20 samples. The zingibain extracted gelatin (GEZ) samples failed to form gel. Viscosities of GEZ gelatins were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than the gelatins extracted using bromelain (GEB). β and α chains were absolutely degraded in all GEB and GEZ samples. Only smear bands were observed in GEZ gelatins whereas GEB samples revealed presence of low molecular weight polypeptides. Loss of molecular order was noticed in Z5 as elaborated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Larger particle size, denser and inter-connected irregular network was observed in B20 under scanning electron microscopy. Based on the results obtained, bromelain, particularly at level 20, could be used to obtain a better quality gelatin with higher yield compared to zingibain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanbir Ahmad
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Malaysia.,Division of Livestock Products Technology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122 India
| | - Amin Ismail
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia.,Halal Products Research Institute, Putra Infoport, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Siti Aqlima Ahmad
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Molecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Khalilah Abdul Khalil
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Leo Teik Kee
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Elmutaz Atta Awad
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Production and Biodiversity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, 16100 Pengkalan Chepa, Kelantan Malaysia
| | - Awis Qurni Sazili
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Malaysia.,Halal Products Research Institute, Putra Infoport, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia.,Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Production and Biodiversity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
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Imlan JC, Kaka U, Goh YM, Idrus Z, Awad EA, Abubakar AA, Ahmad T, Nizamuddin HNQ, Sazili AQ. Effects of Slaughter Knife Sharpness on Blood Biochemical and Electroencephalogram Changes in Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10040579. [PMID: 32235510 PMCID: PMC7222384 DOI: 10.3390/ani10040579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The role of knife sharpness in slaughtering animals, from the perspective of animal welfare, is likely subconsciously ignored by the masses involved in the abattoir industry. This might be due to the difficulty in objectively quantifying the sharpness of a knife. Furthermore, a small incremental improvement in sharpness might result in a huge productivity trade-off at the abattoir when the slaughterman needs to dedicate more time to sharpen their blades in between slaughters. This study attempts to assess the effects of sharp and commercial sharp knives on the pain and stress levels of animals. After objectively measuring the sharpness of knives with an ANAGO® sharpness tester, animals were slaughtered with commercial sharp and sharp knives. The results obtained from blood and brain activities related to pain and stress revealed that the two sharpness levels had different effects on the stress and pain level in animals, suggesting that the sharp knife produced the least amount of stress and pain in animals compared to those slaughtered using a commercial sharp knife. Abstract The sharpness of the knife used for slaughter is of the utmost importance from an animal welfare perspective. The quantification of knife sharpness is almost impossible in abattoirs. The sharpness of the knife blade used to slaughter an animal, as well as its effects on animals’ pain and stress levels, is an important area of investigation that needs to be addressed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of knife sharpness on blood biochemical parameters, plasma catecholamines, and electroencephalographic (EEG) responses. Twenty Brahman crossbred steers were either subjected to slaughter with a sharp knife (n = 10) or a commercial sharp knife (n = 10); knife sharpness was measured with the ANAGO® sharpness tester. There was significant increase in adrenaline (p < 0.0001), glucose (p = 0.0167), creatinine kinase (p = 0.0123) and lactate dehydrogenase (p = 0.0151) at post-slaughter compared to pre-slaughter in commercial sharp knife group than in thesharp knife group. A significant increase was observed in the median frequency (p < 0.0001) and total power (p < 0.0001) of the EEG, the parameters for pain and stress, in the animals slaughtered with the commercial sharp knife than those slaughtered with the sharp knife. Thus, EEG results also supported the hormonal and biochemical results. From the results, it is concluded that animals slaughtered with a sharp knife experienced the least amount of pain and stress compared to those slaughtered with a commercial sharp knife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurhamid Columbres Imlan
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (J.C.I.); (U.K.); (Y.-M.G.); (Z.I.); (E.A.A.); (A.A.A.)
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, University of Southern Mindanao, Cotabato 9407, Philippines
| | - Ubedullah Kaka
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (J.C.I.); (U.K.); (Y.-M.G.); (Z.I.); (E.A.A.); (A.A.A.)
- Department of Companion Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yong-Meng Goh
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (J.C.I.); (U.K.); (Y.-M.G.); (Z.I.); (E.A.A.); (A.A.A.)
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zulkifli Idrus
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (J.C.I.); (U.K.); (Y.-M.G.); (Z.I.); (E.A.A.); (A.A.A.)
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Elmutaz Atta Awad
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (J.C.I.); (U.K.); (Y.-M.G.); (Z.I.); (E.A.A.); (A.A.A.)
- Preclinical Department, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa 16100, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ahmed Abubakar Abubakar
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (J.C.I.); (U.K.); (Y.-M.G.); (Z.I.); (E.A.A.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Tanbir Ahmad
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, India
| | | | - Awis Qurni Sazili
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (J.C.I.); (U.K.); (Y.-M.G.); (Z.I.); (E.A.A.); (A.A.A.)
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Putra Infoport, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
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Hakim AH, Zulkifli I, Soleimani Farjam A, Awad EA, Abdullah N, Chen WL, Mohamad R. Passage time, apparent metabolisable energy and ileal amino acids digestibility of treated palm kernel cake in broilers under the hot and humid tropical climate. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2020.1712266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hanafiah Hakim
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Idrus Zulkifli
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Animal Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Elmutaz Atta Awad
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Poultry Production, University of Khartoum, Khartoum North, Sudan
| | - Norhani Abdullah
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wei Li Chen
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rosfarizan Mohamad
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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12
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Ramiah SK, Awad EA, Mookiah S, Idrus Z. Effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on growth performance and concentrations of malondialdehyde, zinc in tissues, and corticosterone in broiler chickens under heat stress conditions. Poult Sci 2019; 98:3828-3838. [PMID: 30839088 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of nanominerals, such as nano-zinc, represents a promising and emerging technology in the animal farming industry. Due to the small particle size and bioavailability of nano-zinc, it can be easily assimilated in the digestive system, thereby reducing excretion and environmental pollution. The present study was conducted to assess the effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) on the growth performance, zinc (Zn) concentration in edible tissues, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, and corticosterone concentrations in broilers reared under normal or heat stress environmental conditions. The experiment was performed with a completely randomized design based on a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement consisting of 4 diets (basal diet + 60 mg/kg conventional zinc oxide as control diet; basal diet + 40 mg/kg of ZnONPs; basal diet + 60 mg/kg of ZnONPs; and basal diet + 100 mg/kg of ZnONPs) and 2 environmental conditions (normal and heat stress). On day 22, birds from each dietary group were divided equally to normal temperature (23 ± 1°C throughout) or heat stress conditions (34 ± 1°C daily for 6 h from 10:00 am until 4:00 pm). From 1 to 42 D of age, the broiler chickens fed 100 mg/kg ZnONPs exhibited lower feed intake and feed conversion ratio than the control. The accumulation of Zn in the liver of broilers was significantly higher among all treatment groups compared to breast and thigh muscle tissues regardless of the temperature conditions. At 40 and 60 mg/kg ZnONPs, the malondialdehyde content increased in thigh muscle of broilers at 7 D postmortem, indicating that ZnONPs potentially inhibited the antioxidant system in muscle tissues. The control and ZnONPs at 40 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg led to low serum corticosterone levels that may be attributed to the antioxidant and antistress properties of Zn. Taken together, although supplementation with ZnONPs at 40 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg alleviated the negative results of heat stress, further research is needed to determine the optimal level of dietary ZnONPs supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suriya Kumari Ramiah
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Elmutaz Atta Awad
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Poultry Production, University of Khartoum, 13314 Khartoum North, Sudan
| | - Saminathan Mookiah
- Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB), No. 6 Persiaran Instituti, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zulkifli Idrus
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Ngaha Njila MI, Massoma Lembè D, Koloko BL, Yong Meng G, Ebrahimi M, Awad EA, Hasan Baiee F, Kenmogne H, Hambe M, Mandenguè SH. Sperm parameters quality and reproductive effects of methanolic extract of Alchornea cordifolia leaves on senescent male rats. Andrologia 2019; 51:e13359. [PMID: 31353623 DOI: 10.1111/and.13359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of the methanolic extract of Alchornea cordifolia leaves on the fertility of senescent male rats was assessed in this study. 40 rats received daily distilled water, testosterone, 200 and 400 mg/kg of extract of Alchornea cordifolia. The reproductive organs weight, the gonadotropins, testosterone and cholesterol level, the sperm parameters, histology of the testes and epididymis were assessed. The weight of testes and prostate (400 mg/kg) significantly increased (p < 0.05) as well as the level of FHS (p < 0.001), LH and testosterone (p < 0.01) at a dose of 400 mg/kg, respectively, while the cholesterol decreased at a dose of 200 mg/kg (p < 0.05) and 400 mg/kg (p < 0.01) respectively. The testes and epididymis were full of spermatozoa particularly at a dose of 400 mg/kg. The sperm count and morphology significantly increased at both doses of 200 mg/kg (p < 0.01; p < 0.001) and 400 mg/kg (p < 0.001; p < 0.01) respectively. The sperm motion (PROG, VAP, VSL, VCL) (p < 0.001), (ALH, BCF) (p < 0.05) increased at a dose of 200 mg/kg and decreased at a dose of 400 mg/ kg. The overall results provide the strong evidence of the fertility potential of the methanolic extract of Alchornea cordifolia leaves in senescent male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Ide Ngaha Njila
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | | | - Brice Landry Koloko
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Goh Yong Meng
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Mahdi Ebrahimi
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Elmutaz Atta Awad
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Animal Production, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Falah Hasan Baiee
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq
| | - Hubert Kenmogne
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Magloire Hambe
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
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Ahmad T, Ismail A, Ahmad SA, Khalil KA, Teik Kee L, Awad EA, Sazili AQ. Physicochemical characteristics and molecular structures of gelatin extracted from bovine skin: effects of actinidin and papain enzymes pretreatment. International Journal of Food Properties 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2019.1576731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanbir Ahmad
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Transfer of Technology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering and Technology, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Amin Ismail
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Halal Products Research Institute, Putra Infoport, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Aqlima Ahmad
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Molecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Khalilah Abdul Khalil
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Leo Teik Kee
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Elmutaz Atta Awad
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Production and Biodiversity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Poultry Production, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Awis Qurni Sazili
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Halal Products Research Institute, Putra Infoport, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Production and Biodiversity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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15
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Lin Law F, Idrus Z, Soleimani Farjam A, Juan Boo L, Awad EA. Effects of protease supplementation of low protein and/or energy diets on growth performance and blood parameters in broiler chickens under heat stress condition. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2018.1557019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Lin Law
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zulkifli Idrus
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Animal Science, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Liang Juan Boo
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Elmutaz Atta Awad
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Poultry Production, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
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Ismail SN, Awad EA, Zulkifli I, Goh YM, Sazili AQ. Effects of method and duration of restraint on stress hormones and meat quality in broiler chickens with different body weights. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2018; 32:865-873. [PMID: 30381751 PMCID: PMC6498086 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.18.0354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective The study was designed to investigate the effects of restraint method, restraint duration, and body weight on stress-linked hormones (corticosterone, adrenaline, and noradrenaline), blood biochemical (namely glucose and lactate), and the meat quality in broiler chickens. Methods A total of 120 male broiler chickens (Cobb 500) were assigned to a 2×3×2 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design using two restraint methods (shackle and cone), three durations of restraint (10, 30, and 60 s), and two categories of live body weight (1.8±0.1 kg as lightweight and 2.8±0.1 kg as heavyweight). Results Irrespective of the duration of restraint and body weight, the coned chickens were found to have lower plasma corticosterone (p<0.01), lactate (p<0.001), lower meat drip loss (p<0.01), cooking loss (p<0.05), and higher blood loss (p<0.05) compared with their shackled counterparts. The duration of restraint had significant effects on the meat initial pH (p<0.05), ultimate pH (p<0.05), and yellowness (p<0.01). The lightweight broilers exhibited higher (p< 0.001) blood loss and lower (p<0.05) cooking loss compared to the heavyweight broilers, regardless of the restraint method used and the duration of restraint. However, the interaction between the restraint method, duration of restraint, and body weight contributed to differences in pre-slaughter stress and meat quality. Therefore, the interaction between the restraint method and the duration of restraint affected the meat shear force, lightness (L*) and redness (a*). Conclusion The duration of restraint and body weight undoubtedly affect stress responses and meat quality of broiler chickens. Regardless of the duration of restraint and body weight, the cone restraint resulted in notably lower stress, lower meat water loss, and higher blood loss compared to shackling. Overall, the findings of this study showed that restraint method, duration of restraint, and body weight may affect the stress response and meat quality parameters in broilers and should be considered independently or interactively in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Nadirah Ismail
- Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Elmutaz Atta Awad
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Poultry Production, University of Khartoum, 13314 Khartoum North, Sudan
| | - Idrus Zulkifli
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Animal Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yong Meng Goh
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Awis Qurni Sazili
- Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Animal Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Law FL, Zulkifli I, Soleimani AF, Liang JB, Awad EA. The effects of low-protein diets and protease supplementation on broiler chickens in a hot and humid tropical environment. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2018; 31:1291-1300. [PMID: 29268592 PMCID: PMC6043460 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.17.0581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary crude protein (CP) level and exogenous protease supplementation on growth performance, serum metabolites, carcass traits, small intestinal morphology and endogenous protease activity in broiler chickens reared under a tropical climate. METHODS A total of 480 day-old male broiler chicks were randomly assigned to eight dietary treatments in a 4×2 factorial arrangement. The main effects were CP level (21.0%, 19.7%, 18.5%, or 17.2% from 1 to 21 days and 19.0%, 17.9%, 16.7%, or 15.6% from 22 to 35 days) and protease enzyme supplementation (0 ppm or 500 ppm). All experimental diets were fortified with synthetic feed-grade lysine, methionine, threonine and tryptophan to provide the minimum amino acid recommended levels for Cobb 500. RESULTS Reducing dietary CP linearly reduced (p<0.05) growth performance, serum albumin, total protein, and carcass traits and increased (p<0.05) serum triglycerides and abdominal fat. There was no consistent effect of reducing dietary CP on morphological parameters of the intestine and on the pancreatic and intestinal endogenous protease activity (p>0.05). Protease supplementation improved (p<0.05) feed conversion ratio, body weight gain, carcass yield and intestinal absorptive surface area. CONCLUSION Protease supplementation, as measured by growth performance, intestinal morphology and carcass yield, may alleviate the detrimental effects of low protein diets in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Lin Law
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400,
Malaysia
| | - Idrus Zulkifli
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400,
Malaysia
- Department of Animal Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400,
Malaysia
- Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400,
Malaysia
| | - Abdoreza Farjam Soleimani
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400,
Malaysia
| | - Juan Boo Liang
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400,
Malaysia
| | - Elmutaz Atta Awad
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400,
Malaysia
- Department of Poultry Production, University of Khartoum, Khartoum North 13314,
Sudan
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Ahmad T, Ismail A, Ahmad SA, Khalil KA, Awad EA, Leo TK, Imlan JC, Sazili AQ. Characterization of gelatin from bovine skin extracted using ultrasound subsequent to bromelain pretreatment. Food Hydrocoll 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Awad EA, Idrus Z, Soleimani Farjam A, Bello AU, Jahromi MF. Growth performance, duodenal morphology and the caecal microbial population in female broiler chickens fed glycine-fortified low protein diets under heat stress conditions. Br Poult Sci 2018; 59:340-348. [PMID: 29433333 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2018.1440377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
1. This study was undertaken to examine the effect of feeding glycine (Gly)-fortified low protein (LP) diets on the growth performance, duodenal morphology and caecal microbial populations of broiler chickens raised under unheated, cyclic or constant heat stress environmental conditions. 2. From d 1 to 21 (starter phase), an equivalent number of birds were fed either a normal protein (NP) diet or a LP diet fortified with Gly. From d 22 to 42 (grower phase), an equivalent number of birds from each starter diet were distributed to one of the following dietary groups: (i) an NP diet during the starter and grower phases (NPNP), (ii) an NP diet during the starter phase and a LP diet during the grower phase (NPLP), (iii) an LP diet during the starter phase and an NP diet during the grower phase (LPNP) or (iv) LP diets during both phases (LPLP). 3. Commencing from d 22, an equivalent number of birds from each dietary group were exposed to (i) 23 ± 1°C throughout (unheated), (ii) 34 ± 1°C for 7 h each day from 10:00 to 17:00 (cyclic heat) or (iii) 34 ± 1°C throughout (constant heat). 4. Feeding the LP diet during the starter phase resulted in feed intake (FI), weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratios (FCR) and energy efficiency ratios (EER) similar to those for the NP diet. The birds fed the LP diet had a significantly higher protein efficiency ratio (PER) compared with the birds fed the NP diet. 5. During the grower phase, there were significant diet × temperature interactions for F, WG, FCR, PER, EER, villus height, crypt depth and caecal Clostridia. The birds fed the NPLP and LPLP diets had lower FI, WG and EER, higher FCR, shorter villus height and crypt depth and higher caecal Clostridia compared with the birds fed LPNP and NPNP diets under constant heat stress. However, feeding birds the NPLP and LPLP diets resulted in FI, WG, EER, FCR, morphology parameters and caecal Clostridia equivalent to the birds fed LPNP and NPNP diets, as well as improved PER, under unheated and cyclic heat stress conditions. 6. In conclusion, our results indicate that Gly-fortified LP diets can be fed to broilers under normal and acute heat stress environmental conditions without any adverse effects on performance. However, the use of such LP diets can be detrimental to broilers under chronic heat stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Awad
- a Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security , Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang , Malaysia.,b Department of Poultry Production , University of Khartoum , Khartoum North , Sudan
| | - Z Idrus
- a Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security , Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang , Malaysia.,c Department of Animal Science , Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang , Malaysia.,d Halal Products Research Institute , Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang , Malaysia
| | - A Soleimani Farjam
- a Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security , Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang , Malaysia
| | - A U Bello
- a Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security , Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang , Malaysia
| | - M F Jahromi
- a Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security , Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang , Malaysia
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Kamboh AA, Khan MA, Kaka U, Awad EA, Memon AM, Saeed M, Korejo NA, Bakhetgul M, Kumar C. Effect of dietary supplementation of phytochemicals on immunity and haematology of growing broiler chickens. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2018.1438854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Ali Kamboh
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ammar Khan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University College of Agriculture & Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Ubedullah Kaka
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Elmutaz Atta Awad
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Poultry Production, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Atta Muhammad Memon
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Muhammad Saeed
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Nazar Ali Korejo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
| | - Manatbai Bakhetgul
- Technical Center of Xinjiang Entry–Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Urumqi, China
| | - Chandar Kumar
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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U. Bello A, Idrus Z, Yong Meng G, Awad EA, Soleimani Farjam A. Gut microbiota and transportation stress response affected by tryptophan supplementation in broiler chickens. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2017.1340814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alhassan U. Bello
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zulkifli Idrus
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Animal Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Goh Yong Meng
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Elmutaz Atta Awad
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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22
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Awad EA, Zulkifli I, Soleimani AF, Aljuobori A. Effects of feeding male and female broiler chickens on low-protein diets fortified with different dietary glycine levels under the hot and humid tropical climate. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2017.1291288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elmutaz Atta Awad
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Poultry Production, University of Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Idrus Zulkifli
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Animal Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Ahmed Aljuobori
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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Awad EA, Zulkifli I, Farjam AS, Chwen LT. Amino Acids Fortification of Low-protein Diet for Broilers Under Tropical Climate. 2. Nonessential Amino Acids and Increasing Essential Amino Acids. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2014.3297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Awad EA, Fadlullah M, Zulkifli I, Farjam AS, Chwen LT. Amino Acids Fortification of Low-Protein Diet for Broilers Under Tropical Climate: Ideal Essential Amino Acids Profile. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2014.3166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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25
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Abstract
We determined the sacral reflex latency in 108 neurologically normal subjects and 110 patients with neurological lesions by applying stimulating current to the glans penis or clitoris and measuring the response with electrodes inserted in the external urethral and anal sphincters. In normal men the mean latencies were 34.6 plus or minus 5.1 (standard deviation) msec. at the external urethral sphincter and 36.0 plus or minus 5.2 msec. at the external anal sphincter. In normal women the mean latencies were 37.4 plus or minus 5.5 msec. at the external urethral sphincter and 38.6 plus or minus 4.0 msec. at the external anal sphincter. The mean reflex latency in patients with upper motor neuron lesions was significantly shorter. To our knowledge this is the first single electrophysiological test to show a difference between such patients and normal subjects. An increased mean latency was found in patients with lower motor neuron impairment. We conclude that measurement of sacral reflex latency can add to the diagnostic information obtained from conventional electromyography and cystometry.
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Zweber BA, Awad EA, Haiden GJ, Abaasnezhad M, Theologides A. Ultrastructural changes in muscles of tumor-bearing mice. Oncology 1983; 40:155-8. [PMID: 6828293 DOI: 10.1159/000225714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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27
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Ibrahim GA, Zweber BA, Awad EA. Muscle and serum enzymes and isoenzymes in muscular dystrophies. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1981; 62:265-9. [PMID: 7235920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Total activity of creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LD), aldolase (Ald), glutamico-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), and LD-isoenzyme distribution was studied in serum and muscle biopsies from normal persons and 117 patients with different types of muscular dystrophy: 82 Duchenne type (DMD), 12 BEcker type, 7 facioscapulohumeral (FSHMD), and 16 limb girdle (LGMD). Total enzyme activity in sera and muscle homogenates was determined by spectrophotometric assays. LD isoenzymes were separated by electrophoresis on agarose gel plates in barbital buffer (pH 8.6), scanned and quantitated. The amounts of the 2 types (M and H) of LD isoenzymes were calculated and the ratio of M/H in serum and muscle was used as an index to differentiate among the types of muscular dystrophy. Serum enzyme activity was elevated to variable degrees reflecting a corresponding decrease in muscle enzymes in the different muscular dystrophies. Patterns of LD isoenzymes in serum and muscle were specific to each type of muscle disease. Increase in serum LD5 (the muscle LD fraction) was a common feature in muscle damage. Changes in the amounts of M and H types in the subunits of LD correlated to the existence and severity of muscle damage. The mean muscle M/H ratio was 6.4 in controls, 1.8 in early DMD, 0.1 in late DMD, 3.0 in Becker type, 3.8 in FSHMD and 3.9 in LGMD. The muscle LD isoenzyme distribution in DMD showed a shift toward a more aerobic fetal muscle pattern. This is a result of the gradual disappearance of the mature anaerobic LD-type (M) and the increase in synthesis of the aerobic fetal LD-type (H) during the progression of the disease. This report provides a comparative study of the LD isoenzyme patterns in muscular dystrophies which may help in differential diagnosis.
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Abstract
The ultrastructure of the avian Golgi tendon organ (GTO) is described and compared with those of mammals using transverse sections through the myo-tendinous junctions of wing muscles of adult mallard ducks. The capsule, which is continuous with the perineural epithelial sheath of the Ib afferent nerve fiber, consists of four to seven flattened cellular lamellae. Two to four muscle fibers attach to large collagen bundles which enter the GTO through a tight collar at the proximal end of the fusiform capsule. These collagen bundles divide into many smaller bundles, which run longitudinally through the lumen in compartments formed by septal cells. The septal cells contain many prominent lipid accumulations. The Ib axon divides several times, and the unmyelinated branch axons weave between the small collagen bundles. Schwann cell processes or basement membrane usually intervene between the axons and collagen bundles. The small collagen bundles regroup into larger bundles, which pass through tight capsular collars and merge with the main muscle tendon. The size of the duck GTOs was measured and found to be smaller than the GTOs of man, cat or rat.
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Bistevins R, Awad EA. Structure and ultrastructure of mechanoreceptors at the human musculotendinous junction. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1981; 62:74-83. [PMID: 7235889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The structure and ultrastructure of 122 lamellated corpuscles and 33 Golgi tendon organs (GTO) from adult human musculotendinous junctions were studied by light microscope and electron microscope techniques. One Meissner corpuscle from a human fingertip was examined for comparison. At the musculotendinous junction the axon terminals of the GTO were observed in direct contact with the tendon collagen. The lamellated corpuscles were located in the connective tissue surrounding the musculotendinous junction. The axon terminals of the lamellated corpuscles were separated from the surrounding tissues by the inner core lamellar cell processes and the capsule layers. A great variation in the structure of both types of receptors was observed. The lamellated corpuscles that were found close to the musculotendinous junction and the GTO may respond simultaneously to muscular contraction, thus providing proprioceptive feedback for sensorimotor control from within the tendon and from the tissues surrounding the musculotendinous junction. Mechanoreceptors found in dermis, subcutaneous and deep tissues can be classified into 2 broad groups. This practical morphologic classification is based on the characteristics of the sensory nerve terminals which have been found to be in contact with the surrounding tissue (muscle spindle, GTO) or with the lamellar cell processes (Vater, Pacini, Meissner), rather than the inconsistent features of the entire receptor such as the size, the shape, or the encapsulation.
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Awad EA. Muscle fiber and motor endplate. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1980; 61:149. [PMID: 7369854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Yasmineh WG, Ibrahim GA, Abbasnezhad M, Awad EA. Isoenzyme distribution of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase in serum and skeletal muscle in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, collagen disease, and other muscular disorders. Clin Chem 1978; 24:1985-9. [PMID: 709832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We determined the total activity and isoenzyme distribution of lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase in serum and biopsy specimens from skeletal muscle of nine normal individuals and nine patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (I), five with collagen disease (II), and four with non-progressive unclassified myopathy (III). Mean total serum creatine kinase in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (867 U/liter, SD = 197) was 31-fold that in the control group (28 U/liter, SD = 14). There was also a small (3.3-fold) increase in the mean total serum creatine kinase of patients with III, but none in the serum from patients with II. Changes in the creatine kinase isoenzyme distribution of skeletal muscle were primarily in the MB isoenzyme. The mean percentage of creatine kinase-MB activity in muscle from patients with I (2.81, SD = 1.15) and patients with III (1.69, SD = 1.07) significantly (P less than 0.005) exceeded that of the control group (0.43, SD = 0.18). Muscle from patients with II showed little change. The most striking changes in lactate dehydrogenase were also observed in patients with I, in whom the mean total serum activity (356 U/liter, SD = 115) was 3.4-fold that of serum from the control group (105 U/liter, SD = 19). Skeletal muscle from these patients also showed a significant decrease in mean percent isoenzyme 5 activity (from 50 to 23) and an increase in that of isoenzymes 1 and 2 (from 1 to 9 and 8 to 20, respectively). These changes in the distribution of these two sets of isoenzymes in muscle were reflected in the serum.
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Yasmineh WG, Ibrahim GA, Abbasnezhad M, Awad EA. Isoenzyme distribution of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase in serum and skeletal muscle in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, collagen disease, and other muscular disorders. Clin Chem 1978. [DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/24.11.1985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We determined the total activity and isoenzyme distribution of lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase in serum and biopsy specimens from skeletal muscle of nine normal individuals and nine patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (I), five with collagen disease (II), and four with non-progressive unclassified myopathy (III). Mean total serum creatine kinase in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (867 U/liter, SD = 197) was 31-fold that in the control group (28 U/liter, SD = 14). There was also a small (3.3-fold) increase in the mean total serum creatine kinase of patients with III, but none in the serum from patients with II. Changes in the creatine kinase isoenzyme distribution of skeletal muscle were primarily in the MB isoenzyme. The mean percentage of creatine kinase-MB activity in muscle from patients with I (2.81, SD = 1.15) and patients with III (1.69, SD = 1.07) significantly (P less than 0.005) exceeded that of the control group (0.43, SD = 0.18). Muscle from patients with II showed little change. The most striking changes in lactate dehydrogenase were also observed in patients with I, in whom the mean total serum activity (356 U/liter, SD = 115) was 3.4-fold that of serum from the control group (105 U/liter, SD = 19). Skeletal muscle from these patients also showed a significant decrease in mean percent isoenzyme 5 activity (from 50 to 23) and an increase in that of isoenzymes 1 and 2 (from 1 to 9 and 8 to 20, respectively). These changes in the distribution of these two sets of isoenzymes in muscle were reflected in the serum.
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Rodriquez AA, Awad EA, Price MM. Electromyogram-gas cystometrogram: its use in the management of neurogenic bladder of spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1978; 59:451-4. [PMID: 718408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The electromyogram (emg)-gas cystometrogram was used to study spinal-cord-injured patients with indwelling catheters before trial of voiding (TOV) to remove an indwelling catheter. Twenty-four patients were studied during 27 consecutive admissions. A coaxial needle electrode was placed in the external urethral sphincter. The output of a cystometer was simultaneously recorded on the emg printout so that the relationship of the shpincter response to distention of the bladder could be observed. Of 10 patients without bladder contractions, 7 had active urethral sphincters and 6 of these failed to achieve less than 50 ml residual thereby failing the TOV. The seventh patient succeeded in the trial and on subsequent study was found to have developed bladder contractions with a coordinated bladder-sphincter synergy. The 3 patients without bladder contractions or sphincter activity succeeded in their TOV using Credé's method. Seventeen patients with bladder contractions were divided into synergic, nonsynergic and partially synergic patterns. The 3 patients with synergic patterns succeeded in their TOV. Thirteen of 14 nonsynergic or partially synergic patients failed the TOV. The 1 nonsynergic patient who succeeded had bladder contractions of 70 cm of water compared to a mean of 28 cm of water for all other patients with bladder contraction. The emg-gas cystometrogram was helpful in selecting those patients who were successful in removing the Foley catheter. Important factors governing success in the multiple effort trial of voiding were the amplitude of the detrusor contraction, the presence of detrusor-sphincter synergy and the presence of a flaccid sphincter.
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Awad EA. Traumatic fibromyositis. West J Med 1978; 128:68. [PMID: 18748121 PMCID: PMC1237980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E A Awad
- University of Minnesota, Medical School, Minneapolis
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Ozel AT, Ibrahim G, Awad EA, Fish LA. Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme levels in collagen disease. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1977; 58:431-4. [PMID: 907448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzymes were determined in 27 patients with collagen disease and 88 normal subjects. The mean value for LDH-3 isoenzyme was 20.4 +/- 3% in normal controls, 31.47 +/- 8.9% in patients with collagen disease who showed activity of the disease, and 20 +/- 3.74% in patients in complete remission. Six patients who had positive rheumatoid factor showed higher LDH-3 levels. There was also some correlation between the activity of the disease and serum LDH-3 level in patients with connective tissue disorders.
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Fisher SV, Bowar JF, Awad EA, Gullickson G. Cervical orthoses effect on cervical spine motion: roentgenographic and goniometric method of study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1977; 58:109-15. [PMID: 843201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Movement of the cervical spine in the sagittal plane was studied in ten normal subjects from 20 to 30 years of age without and with four different cervical orthoses: (1) polyethylene Camp plastic collar with chin and occiput piece, (2) plastizote Philadelphia collar, (3) four-poster and (4) SOMI (sternal occipital mandibular immobilization). The effect of the orthoses on restricting sagittal motion was measured simultaneously using roentgenographic and bubble goniometric methods. The subject was immobilized in a straight back chair to eliminate trunk motion, and lateral cervical spine films were taken of each subject in neutral, flexion and extension without and with each orthotic device. Distortion forces exerted on the orthotic devices were standardized by measurement of pressures at the chin and occiput. Roentgenographic measurements of flexion and extension and anteroposterior displacement of the cervical spine were compared to the measurements obtained by bubble goniometry. The four-poster and SOMI were found to be most effective in restricting extension and flexion respectively. The polyethylene and plastizote orthoses were significantly less effective in restricting motion. The bubble goniometer is an adequate clinical tool in assessing overall flexion-extension of the cervical spine but is not so precise and does not give information on the degree of motion at an individual vertebral level.
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Awad EA, Ibrahim GA, Kottke FJ. Structural and chemical changes in rat muscle following tenotomy. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1974; 55:193-7. [PMID: 4828175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Chino N, Awad EA, Kottke FJ. Pathology of propylene glycol administered by perineural and intramuscular injection in rats. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1974; 55:33-8. [PMID: 4809017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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40
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Ibrahim GA, Awad EA, Kottke FJ. Interstitial myofibrositis: serum and muscle enzymes and lactate dehydrogenase-isoenzymes. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1974; 55:23-8. [PMID: 4520070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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41
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Ramos MU, Mundale MO, Awad EA, Witsoe DA, Cole TM, Olson M, Kottke FJ. Cardiovascular effects of spread of excitation during prolonged isometric exercise. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1973; 54:496-504 passim. [PMID: 4748316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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42
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Awad EA. Interstitial myofibrositis: hypothesis of the mechanism. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1973; 54:449-53. [PMID: 4126445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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43
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Awad EA. Phenol block for control of hip flexor and adductor spasticity. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1972; 53:554-7. [PMID: 4648428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Awad EA. Intramuscular neurolysis for stroke. Minn Med 1972; 55:711-3. [PMID: 5053559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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45
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Awad EA. Muscle biopsy at motor point in polyarteritis nodosa. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1971; 52:298-305. [PMID: 4397995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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46
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Dinsdale SM, Cole TM, Zaki FG, Awad EA. Measurements of disease activity in dermatomyositis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1971; 52:201-6 passim. [PMID: 4103294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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47
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Awad EA, Kottke FJ. Changes in muscle ultrastructure in diabetes mellitus. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1970; 51:683-7. [PMID: 5498984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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48
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Awad EA. Motor-point biopsies in diabetic neuropathy. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1970; 51:418-22. [PMID: 4247196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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49
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Awad EA. Motor-point biopsies in carcinomatous neuropathy. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1968; 49:643-9. [PMID: 4302074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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