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Wang Y, Yan J, Yang M, Zou J, Zheng Y, Li D. EgMADS3 directly regulates EgLPAAT to mediate medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) anabolism in the mesocarp of oil palm. Plant Cell Rep 2024; 43:107. [PMID: 38558250 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03200-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE EgMADS3, a pivotal transcription factor, positively regulates MCFA accumulation via binding to the EgLPAAT promoter, advancing lipid content in mesocarp of oil palm. Lipids function as the structural components of cell membranes, which serve as permeable barriers to the external environment of cells. The medium-chain fatty acid in the stored lipids of plants is an important renewable energy. Most research on MCFA production in plant lipid synthesis is based on biochemical methods, and the importance of transcriptional regulation in MCFA synthesis and its incorporation into TAGs needs further research. Oil palm is the most productive oil crop in the world and has the highest productivity among the main oil crops. In this study, the MADS transcription factor (EgMADS3) in the mesocarp of oil palm was characterized. Through the VIGS-virus induced gene silencing, it was determined that the potential target gene of EgMADS3 was related to the biosynthesis of medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA). Transient transformation in protoplasts and qRT-PCR analysis showed that EgMADS3 positively regulated the expression of EgLPAAT. The results of the yeast one-hybrid assays and EMSA indicated the interaction between EgMADS3 and EgLPAAT promoter. Through genetic transformation and fatty acid analysis, it is concluded that EgMADS3 directly regulates the mid-chain fatty acid synthesis pathway of the potential target gene EgLPAAT, thus promotes the accumulation of MCFA and improves the total lipid content. This study is innovative in the functional analysis of the MADS family transcription factor in the metabolism of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) of oil palm, provides a certain research basis for improving the metabolic pathway of chain fatty acids in oil palm, and improves the synthesis of MCFA in plants. Our results will provide a reference direction for further research on improving the oil quality through biotechnology of oil palm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaning Wang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Jinqi Yan
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Hainan, 570228, China
| | | | - Jixin Zou
- Rubber Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Yusheng Zheng
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Dongdong Li
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Hainan, 570228, China.
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Zhang Y, Ding Y, Weng M, Cui K, Yang M, Mai K, Ai Q. Molecular cloning, tissue expression pattern, responses to different fatty acids and potential functions of lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1 (LPCAT1) in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). Gene 2024; 896:148056. [PMID: 38042217 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.148056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
In farmed fish, diets rich in palm oil have been observed to promote abnormal lipid build-up in the liver, subsequently leading to physiological harm and disease onset. Emerging research suggests that integrating phospholipids into the feed could serve as a potent countermeasure against hepatic impairments induced by vegetable oil consumption. Phosphatidylcholine is the most abundant type among phospholipids. In the metabolic processes of mammal, lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1 (LPCAT1), crucial for phosphatidylcholine remodeling, demonstrates a marked affinity towards palmitic acid (PA). Nonetheless, aspects concerning the cloning, tissue-specific distribution, and affinity of the LPCAT1 gene to diverse oil sources have yet to be elucidated in the large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). Within the scope of this study, we successfully isolated and cloned the cDNA of the LPCAT1 gene from the large yellow croaker. Subsequent analysis revealed distinct gene expression patterns of LPCAT1 across ten different tissues of the species. The fully sequenced coding DNA sequence (CDS) of LPCAT1 spans 1503 bp and encodes a sequence of 500 amino acids. Comparative sequence alignment indicates that LPCAT1 shares a 69.75 % amino acid similarity with its counterparts in other species. Although LPCAT1 manifests across various tissues of the large yellow croaker, its predominance is markedly evident in the liver and gills. Furthermore, post exposure of the large yellow croaker's hepatocytes to varied fatty acids, PA has a strong response to LPCAT1. Upon the addition of appropriate lysolecithin to palm oil feed, the mRNA expression of LPCAT1 in the liver cells of the large yellow croaker showed significant variations compared to other subtypes. Concurrently, the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory genes il-1β, il-6, il-8, tnf-α and ifn-γ in the liver tissue of the large yellow croaker decreased. Interestingly, they exhibit the same trend of change. In conclusion, we have cloned the LPCAT1 gene on fish successfully and find the augmented gene response of LPCAT1 in hepatocytes under PA treatment first. The results of this study suggest that LPCAT1 may be associated with liver inflammation in fish and offer new insights into mitigating liver diseases in fish caused by palm oil feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiliang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003 Qingdao, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Yi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003 Qingdao, Shandong, PR China
| | - Miao Weng
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003 Qingdao, Shandong, PR China
| | - Kun Cui
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003 Qingdao, Shandong, PR China
| | - Mengli Yang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003 Qingdao, Shandong, PR China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003 Qingdao, Shandong, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, 266003 Qingdao, Shandong, PR China
| | - Qinghui Ai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003 Qingdao, Shandong, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, 266003 Qingdao, Shandong, PR China.
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3
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Zhang X, Chen J, Zhou S, Jiang Y, Wang Y, Li Y. The effect of flaxseed oil after deep frying on lipid metabolism and gut barrier homeostasis. Food Res Int 2024; 175:113728. [PMID: 38129043 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Flaxseed oil (FO) has been demonstrated its multiple beneficial effects in vivo due to high concentration of α-linolenic acid. The deterioration of FO can be triggered by high temperature heating during the deep frying process resulting in alteration of healthy properties. In this study, the effect of FO before and after deep frying on lipid metabolism and gut homeostasis of rats was investigated compared to deep-fried palm oil (DPO) treated group. Deep-fried flaxseed oil (DFO) treatment significantly enhanced the triglyceride accumulation in serum and liver tissues of rats. A greater increase of peroxides and proinflammatory cytokine levels was found in the serum of DFO treated rats compared to other groups. The histopathologic data indicated that DFO and DPO reduced the villus height of intestinal and colonic tissues and increased the inflammatory cell infiltration. The inflammatory cytokines (TNFα and IL-6) were enhanced and the key markers of epithelia colonic tissues (occludin and MUC-2) were suppressed in rats with DFO interventions, which is in consistency with histopathologic results. In addition, FO could increase the number of beneficial bacteria while the relative abundance of obesity and inflammatory-related bacteria was promoted by DFO treatment, including Ruminococcaceae, Prevotellaceae, and Selenomonadales. In conclusion, DFO intake had a significant impact on the disruption of gut barrier homeostasis, potentially worsening the dysbiosis than DPO. The beneficial effects of FO in vivo could be significantly reduced by extreme deep frying, which suggests the need for moderate cooking edible oils such as FO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Guangdong International Joint Research Center for Oilseeds Biorefinery, Nutrition and Safety, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Guangdong International Joint Research Center for Oilseeds Biorefinery, Nutrition and Safety, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Shengmin Zhou
- Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research and Development Center Co., Ltd., 118 Gaodong Road, Pudong New District, 200137, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanrong Jiang
- Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research and Development Center Co., Ltd., 118 Gaodong Road, Pudong New District, 200137, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Guangdong International Joint Research Center for Oilseeds Biorefinery, Nutrition and Safety, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Ying Li
- Guangdong International Joint Research Center for Oilseeds Biorefinery, Nutrition and Safety, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Rupani PF, Embrandiri A, Rezania S, Wang S, Shao W, Domínguez J, Appels L. Changes in the microbiota during biological treatment of palm oil mill waste: A critical review. J Environ Manage 2022; 320:115772. [PMID: 35944317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Palm oil mill waste has a complex cellulosic structure, is rich in nutrients, and provides a habitat for diverse microbial communities. Current research focuses on how the microbiota and organic components interact during the degradation of this type of waste. Some recent studies have described the microbial communities present in different biodegradation processes of palm oil mill waste, identifying the dominant bacteria/fungi responsible for breaking down the cellulosic components. However, understanding the degradation process's mechanisms is vital to eliminating the need for further pretreatment of lignocellulosic compounds in the waste mixture and facilitating the commercialization of palm oil mill waste treatment technology. Thus, the present work aims to review microbial community dynamics via three biological treatment systems comprehensively: composting, vermicomposting, and dark fermentation, to understand how inspiration from nature can further enhance existing degradation processes. The information presented could be used as an umbrella to current research on biological treatment processes and specific research on the bioaugmentation of indigenous microbial consortia isolated during the biological degradation of palm oil mill waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parveen Fatemeh Rupani
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Process and Environmental Technology Lab, Jan Pieter De Nayerlaan 5, B-2860 Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium.
| | - Asha Embrandiri
- Department of Environmental Health, Wollo University, Dessie, 1145, Amhara, Ethiopia.
| | - Shahabaldin Rezania
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea.
| | - Shuang Wang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Weilan Shao
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Jorge Domínguez
- Grupo de Ecoloxía Animal (GEA), Universidade de Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain.
| | - Lise Appels
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Process and Environmental Technology Lab, Jan Pieter De Nayerlaan 5, B-2860 Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium.
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5
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Wang P, Kong FZ, Hong XH, Zhang L, Zhao WH, Yang JC, Zhang H. Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Regulates Depression-like Behaviors in Shortening-Induced Obese Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:4302. [PMID: 36296987 PMCID: PMC9609729 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Shortening is mainly derived from the partial hydrogenation of palm oil and widely used in fast food. Food processed with shortening contains high levels of industrial trans fatty acids. Studies have shown that there is a correlation between industrial trans fatty acids, obesity, and depression. However, the regulatory effect of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) on depression in obese patients is still unknown. The purpose of this study was to explore mood changes in obese mice fed a high shortening diet, and to determine the regulatory effect of nNOS on depressive-like behaviors in obese mice. We used a high shortening diet-induced obesity mouse model to systematically assess the metabolic response, behavioral changes, prefrontal and hippocampal nNOS protein levels, and the effect of nNOS inhibitors (7-nitroindole) on depression-like behavior in obese mice. Interestingly, obese mice on a 9-week high-shortening diet developed short-term spatial working memory impairment and anxiety-like behavior, and obesity may be a risk factor for cognitive impairment and mood disorders. In animals fed a high shortening diet for 12 weeks, obese mice developed depression-like behavior and had significantly elevated levels of nNOS protein expression in the hippocampus and prefrontal lobe. Administration of the nNOS inhibitor 7-nitroindole could improve depression-like behaviors in obese mice, further suggesting that inhibition of nNOS is helpful for depression associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Department of the Joint Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center of Shantou University, Shantou 515000, China
| | - Fan-Zhi Kong
- Department of the Joint Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center of Shantou University, Shantou 515000, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Hong
- Department of the Joint Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center of Shantou University, Shantou 515000, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of the Joint Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center of Shantou University, Shantou 515000, China
| | - Wan-Hong Zhao
- Department of the Joint Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center of Shantou University, Shantou 515000, China
| | - Jin-Cui Yang
- Department of the Joint Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center of Shantou University, Shantou 515000, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Medical Examination Center, Mental Health Center of Shantou University, Shantou 515000, China
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Tan HT, Chek MF, Miyahara Y, Kim SY, Tsuge T, Hakoshima T, Sudesh K. Characterization of an (R)-specific enoyl-CoA hydratase from Streptomyces sp. strain CFMR 7: A metabolic tool for enhancing the production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate). J Biosci Bioeng 2022; 134:288-294. [PMID: 35953354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-(R)-3-hydroxyhexanoate] [P(3HB-co-3HHx)] has a high potential to serve as a commercial bioplastic due to its biodegradability, thermoplastic and mechanical properties. The properties of this copolymer are greatly affected by the composition of 3HHx monomer. One of the most efficient ways to modulate the composition of 3HHx monomer in P(3HB-co-3HHx) is by manipulating the (R)-3HHx-CoA monomer supply. In this study, a new (R)-specific enoyl-CoA hydratase originating from a non-PHA producer, Streptomyces sp. strain CFMR 7 (PhaJSs), was characterized and found to be effective in supplying 3HHx monomer during in vivo production of P(3HB-co-3HHx) copolymer. The P(3HB-co-3HHx) copolymer produced from the Cupriavidus necator transformant that harbors phaJSs, PHB-4/pBBR1-CBP-M-CPF4JSs, showed enhanced 3HHx incorporation of up to 11 mol% without affecting the P(3HB-co-3HHx) production when palm oil was used as the carbon source. In addition, both kcat and kcat/Km of PhaJSs were higher toward the C6 than the shorter C4 substrates, underscoring the preference for 3-hydroxyhexanoyl-CoA. These results suggest that PhaJSs has a significant ability to supply 3HHx monomers for PHA biosynthesis via β-oxidation and can be applied for metabolic engineering of robust PHA-producing strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Tiang Tan
- Ecobiomaterial Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Min Fey Chek
- Structural Biology Laboratory, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yuki Miyahara
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Sun-Yong Kim
- Structural Biology Laboratory, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Takeharu Tsuge
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Toshio Hakoshima
- Structural Biology Laboratory, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Kumar Sudesh
- Ecobiomaterial Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
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Zhang Q, Jin YH, Zou JX, Zheng YS, Li DD. Characterization and functional analysis of the MADS-box EgAGL9 transcription factor from the mesocarp of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). Plant Sci 2022; 321:111317. [PMID: 35696917 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is one of the most important oil crops in the world, and compared to all oil crops, it has the highest productive efficiency. In the present study, a MADS-box transcription factor of the AGAMOUS class, named EgAGL9, was identified by expression profile analysis in the different developmental stages of oil palm mesocarp. Real-time quantitative PCR results confirmed that the expression of EgAGL9 increased rapidly during the last stages of oil palm mesocarp development. Then, three downstream genes, including EgSAD (Stearoyl-ACP desaturase), EgTSA (Tryptophan synthase) and EgSDH (Succinate dehydrogenase), were screened by ChIP-Seq and data analysis. EMSA analysis verified that EgAGL9 interacted with the promoter regions of EgSAD, EgTSA and EgSDH. Moreover, the expression levels of EgSAD, EgTSA and EgSDH were downregulated in EgAGL9-overexpressing protoplasts and calli of oil palm. Compared to WT, the total lipid content and ratio of unsaturated fatty acids in transgenic calli (including oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid) were significantly decreased. Together, these results revealed that these three EgAGL9-regulated genes are involved in regulatory pathways in the oil palm mesocarp. Compared with previous studies, the present study provides a new research strategy for understanding of the molecular regulatory pathways of lipid metabolism in mesocarp of oil palm. The obtained results will bring a new perspective for a comprehensive understanding of the regulation of the metabolic accumulation in the oil palm mesocarp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- College of Tropical Crops, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Yuan-Hang Jin
- College of Tropical Crops, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Ji-Xin Zou
- College of Tropical Crops, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China; Rubber Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), China
| | - Yu-Sheng Zheng
- College of Tropical Crops, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Dong-Dong Li
- College of Tropical Crops, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China.
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8
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Xu X, Li M, Zou JX, Zheng YS, Li DD. EgMYB108 regulates very long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA) anabolism in the mesocarp of oil palm. Plant Cell Rep 2022; 41:1449-1460. [PMID: 35362736 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02868-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
EgMYB108 regulates VLCFA anabolism in oil palm. Very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs), which are fatty acids with more than 18 C, can not only be used as a form of triglyceride (TAG) but also provide precursors for the biosynthesis of cuticle wax, and they exist in plant epidermal cells in the form of wax in higher plants. However, which and how transcriptional factors (TFs) regulate this process is largely unknown in oil palm. In this study, a MYB transcription factor (EgMYB108) with high expression in the mesocarp of oil palm fruit was characterized. Overexpression of EgMYB108 promoted not only total lipid content but also VLCFA accumulation in oil palm embryoids. Subsequently, transient transformation in protoplasts and qRT-PCR analysis indicated that the EgKCS5 and EgLACS4 genes were significantly increased with the overexpression of EgMYB108. Furthermore, yeast one‑hybrid assays, dual-luciferase assays and EMSAs demonstrated that EgMYB108 binds to the promoters of EgKCS5 and EgLACS4 and regulates their transcription. Finally, EgMYB108 interacts with the promoters of EgLACS and EgKCS simultaneously and finally improves the VLCFA and total lipid contents; a pathway summarizing this interaction was depicted.. The results provide new insight into the mechanism by which EgMYB108 regulates lipid and VLCFA accumulation in oil palm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
| | - Menghan Li
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
| | - Ji-Xin Zou
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
- Rubber Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Yu-Sheng Zheng
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
| | - Dong-Dong Li
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China.
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Fu A, Li J, Ding Q, Guo R, Pi A, Yang W, Chen Y, Dou X, Song Z, Li S. Upregulation of 4-Hydroxynonenal Contributes to the Negative Effect of n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid on Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury and Hepatic Steatosis. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:6418-6428. [PMID: 35588299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and the underlying mechanisms. C57BL/6J male mice were randomly fed a corn oil or palm oil diet (rich in n-6 PUFA and SFA, respectively) with or without ethanol for four weeks (n = 10/group). A series of experiments in vitro with AML-12 hepatocyte were conducted to better elucidate the potential mechanisms underlying the phenomenon observed in animals. Compared with palm oil, corn oil aggravated alcohol-induced liver injury and hepatic steatosis, indicated by a histological analysis and significant elevations of plasma alanine aminotransferase and hepatic triacylglycerol (TG) level. Apoptosis-associated proteins in the ASK1-JNK pathway were significantly enhanced in the liver of mice from the corn oil + ethanol group than in the palm oil + ethanol group. The corn oil + ethanol diet also inhibited the activation of both AMPK and downstream protein acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and promoted the SREBP-1c expression, subsequently accelerating lipid synthesis. In addition, 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) levels in plasma and liver were significantly upregulated in response to corn oil + ethanol feeding. Interestingly, the in vitro study showed that 4-HNE significantly attenuated cell viability, elevated the expression of cleaved-caspase 3 protein and TG level, and regulated key molecules in ASK1-JNK and AMPK pathways in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, the n-6 PUFA diet showed a negative effect on alcohol-induced liver injury and steatosis. It might be related to the upregulation of 4-HNE and subsequent changes of proteins, namely, ASK1, JNK, AMPK, ACC, and SREBP-1c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Fu
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310013, China
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Jiaomei Li
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310013, China
- Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Qinchao Ding
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310013, China
- Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Rui Guo
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310013, China
- Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Aiwen Pi
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310013, China
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Wenwen Yang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310013, China
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Yanli Chen
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Xiaobing Dou
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Zhenyuan Song
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago 60612, Illinois, United States
| | - Songtao Li
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310013, China
- Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310013, China
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Dana Permana A, Eka Putra R, Susanto A, Setyo Leksono A. Elaeidobius kamerunicus (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea): Activity on Oil Palm Flower in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Pak J Biol Sci 2021; 24:1209-1216. [PMID: 34842394 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2021.1209.1216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> <i>Elaeidobius kamerunicus </i>Faust (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) is a weevil pollinator oil palm flower, <i>Elaeis guineensis</i> Jacq. (Arecales: Arecaceae) Jacq. Male and female inflorescences attracted the weevil, male inflorescences appeared to provides nectar and pollen but female inflorescences seemed provides the weevils with nectar. The objective of this research was to determine the dynamics of<i> E. kamerunicus </i>activity in pollinating oil palm flowers in Kumai, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> The population of <i>E. kamerunicus </i>that visited male flowers was calculated by taking a sample of 9 spikelets from male inflorescences, while the number of <i>E. kamerunicus </i>that come to female inflorescence was calculated by counting the weevil around the flower. <b>Results:</b> The results of this study showed that peak activity of <i>E. kamerunicus</i> on oil palm flowers<i> </i>occurred between 11.00-12.45. The male flowers blossomed occurred for 6-7 days to complete their inflorescence, while those of the females completed their cycle for 4-5 days. The oviposition of <i>E. kamerunicus </i>females fluctuated from 05.00-18.00. The number of females oviposits in the flower peaked at 09.00. Temperature and maximum light intensity had a positive correlation with the overall density of <i>E. kamerunicus</i> and oviposition by female weevils. The Minimum light intensity affects the abundance and visitation of <i>E. kamerunicus</i> on oil palm flowers. <b>Conclusion:</b> The abundance of <i>E. kamerunicus</i> population in Kumai was established and could give possibility resulting in the better fruit set of oil palm. Conservation efforts can be conducted by maintaining the abundance of the population, especially on the days and hrs of peak abundance of weevils.
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Dou Y, Xia W, Mason AS, Huang D, Sun X, Fan H, Xiao Y. Developing functional markers for vitamin E biosynthesis in oil palm. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259684. [PMID: 34797841 PMCID: PMC8604351 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin E is essential for human health and plays positive roles in anti-oxidation. Previously, we detected large variation in vitamin E content among 161 oil palm accessions. In this study, twenty oil palm accessions with distinct variation in vitamin E contents (171.30 to 1 258.50 ppm) were selected for genetic variation analysis and developing functional markers associated with vitamin E contents. Thirty-seven homologous genes in oil palm belonging to vitamin E biosynthesis pathway were identified via BLASTP analysis, the lengths of which ranged from 426 to 25 717 bp (average 7 089 bp). Multiplex PCR sequencing for the 37 genes found 1 703 SNPs and 85 indels among the 20 oil palm accessions, with 226 SNPs locating in the coding regions. Clustering analysis for these polymorphic loci showed that the 20 oil palm accessions could be divided into five groups. Among these groups, group I included eight oil palm accessions whose vitamin E content (mean value: 893.50 ppm) was far higher than other groups (mean value 256.29 to 532.94 ppm). Correlation analysis between the markers and vitamin E traits showed that 134 SNP and 7 indel markers were significantly (p < 0.05) related with total vitamin E content. Among these functional markers, the indel EgTMT-1-24 was highly correlated with variation in vitamin E content, especially tocotrienol content. Our study identified a number of candidate function associated markers and provided clues for further research into molecular breeding for high vitamin E content oil palm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Dou
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, P.R. China
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural sciences, Wenchang, Hainan, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xia
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, P.R. China
| | - Annaliese S. Mason
- Plant Breeding Department, The University of Bonn, Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Dongyi Huang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, P.R. China
| | - Xiwei Sun
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural sciences, Wenchang, Hainan, P.R. China
| | - Haikuo Fan
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural sciences, Wenchang, Hainan, P.R. China
| | - Yong Xiao
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural sciences, Wenchang, Hainan, P.R. China
- Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, Hainan, P.R. China
- * E-mail: ,
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12
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Salgado FF, Vieira LR, Silva VNB, Leão AP, Grynberg P, do Carmo Costa MM, Togawa RC, de Sousa CAF, Júnior MTS. Expression analysis of miRNAs and their putative target genes confirm a preponderant role of transcription factors in the early response of oil palm plants to salinity stress. BMC Plant Biol 2021; 21:518. [PMID: 34749653 PMCID: PMC8573918 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03296-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several mechanisms regulating gene expression contribute to restore and reestablish cellular homeostasis so that plants can adapt and survive in adverse situations. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play roles important in the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, emerging as a regulatory molecule key in the responses to plant stress, such as cold, heat, drought, and salt. This work is a comprehensive and large-scale miRNA analysis performed to characterize the miRNA population present in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) exposed to a high level of salt stress, to identify miRNA-putative target genes in the oil palm genome, and to perform an in silico comparison of the expression profile of the miRNAs and their putative target genes. RESULTS A group of 79 miRNAs was found in oil palm, been 52 known miRNAs and 27 new ones. The known miRNAs found belonged to 28 families. Those miRNAs led to 229 distinct miRNA-putative target genes identified in the genome of oil palm. miRNAs and putative target genes differentially expressed under salinity stress were then selected for functional annotation analysis. The regulation of transcription, DNA-templated, and the oxidation-reduction process were the biological processes with the highest number of hits to the putative target genes, while protein binding and DNA binding were the molecular functions with the highest number of hits. Finally, the nucleus was the cellular component with the highest number of hits. The functional annotation of the putative target genes differentially expressed under salinity stress showed several ones coding for transcription factors which have already proven able to result in tolerance to salinity stress by overexpression or knockout in other plant species. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide new insights into the early response of young oil palm plants to salinity stress and confirm an expected preponderant role of transcription factors - such as NF-YA3, HOX32, and GRF1 - in this response. Besides, it points out potential salt-responsive miRNAs and miRNA-putative target genes that one can utilize to develop oil palm plants tolerant to salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Letícia Rios Vieira
- PGBV - Universidade Federal de Lavras - UFLA, CEP 37200-000, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Priscila Grynberg
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, CEP 70770-917, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Manoel Teixeira Souza Júnior
- PGBV - Universidade Federal de Lavras - UFLA, CEP 37200-000, Lavras, MG, Brazil.
- Embrapa Agroenergia, CEP 70770-901, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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13
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Nur-Nazratul FMY, Rakib MRM, Zailan MZ, Yaakub H. Enhancing in vitro ruminal digestibility of oil palm empty fruit bunch by biological pre-treatment with Ganoderma lucidum fungal culture. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258065. [PMID: 34591932 PMCID: PMC8483372 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The changes in lignocellulosic biomass composition and in vitro rumen digestibility of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) after pre-treatment with the fungus Ganoderma lucidum were evaluated. The results demonstrated that the pre-treatment for 2–12 weeks has gradually degraded the OPEFB in a time-dependent manner; whereby lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose were respectively degraded by 41.0, 20.5, and 26.7% at the end of the incubation period. The findings were corroborated using the physical examination of the OPEFB by scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, the OPEFB pre-treated for 12 weeks has shown the highest in vitro digestibility of dry (77.20%) and organic (69.78%) matter, where they were enhanced by 104.07 and 96.29%, respectively, as compared to the untreated control. The enhancement in the in vitro ruminal digestibility was negatively correlated with the lignin content in the OPEFB. Therefore, biologically delignified OPEFB with G. lucidum fungal culture pre-treatment have the potential to be utilized as one of the ingredients for the development of a novel ruminant forage.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. M. Y. Nur-Nazratul
- Faculty of Sustainable Agriculture, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - M. R. M. Rakib
- Faculty of Sustainable Agriculture, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
| | - M. Z. Zailan
- Faculty of Sustainable Agriculture, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - H. Yaakub
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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14
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Nawawi MH, Mohamad R, Tahir PM, Asa’ari AZ, Saad WZ. Pulp Enhancement of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFBs) via Biobleaching by Using Xylano-Pectinolytic Enzymes of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ADI2. Molecules 2021; 26:4279. [PMID: 34299554 PMCID: PMC8304154 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work reports the biobleaching effect on OPEFB pulp upon utilisation of extracellular xylano-pectinolytic enzymes simultaneously yielded from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ADI2. The impacts of different doses, retention times, pH, and temperatures required for the pulp biobleaching process were delineated accordingly. Here, the OPEFB pulp was subjected to pre-treatment with xylano-pectinolytic enzymes generated from the same alkalo-thermotolerant isolate that yielded those of higher quality. Remarkable enhanced outcomes were observed across varying pulp attributes: for example, enzyme-treated pulp treated to chemical bleaching sequence generated improved brightness of 11.25%. This resulted in 11.25% of less chlorine or chemical consumption required for obtaining pulp with optical attributes identical to those generated via typical chemical bleaching processes. Ultimately, the reduced consumption of chlorine would minimise the organochlorine compounds found in an effluent, resulting in a lowered environmental effect of paper-making processes overall as a consequence. This will undoubtedly facilitate such environmentally-friendly technology incorporation in the paper pulp industry of today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hariadi Nawawi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Rosfarizan Mohamad
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Paridah Md Tahir
- Institute of Tropical Forests and Forestry Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (P.M.T.); (A.Z.A.)
| | - Ainun Zuriyati Asa’ari
- Institute of Tropical Forests and Forestry Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (P.M.T.); (A.Z.A.)
| | - Wan Zuhainis Saad
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
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Pascoal PV, Ribeiro DM, Cereijo CR, Santana H, Nascimento RC, Steindorf AS, Calsing LCG, Formighieri EF, Brasil BSAF. Biochemical and phylogenetic characterization of the wastewater tolerant Chlamydomonas biconvexa Embrapa|LBA40 strain cultivated in palm oil mill effluent. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249089. [PMID: 33826653 PMCID: PMC8026047 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing demand for water, food and energy poses challenges for the world´s sustainability. Tropical palm oil is currently the major source of vegetable oil worldwide with a production that exceeds 55 million tons per year, while generating over 200 million tons of palm oil mill effluent (POME). It could potentially be used as a substrate for production of microalgal biomass though. In this study, the microalgal strain Chlamydomonas biconvexa Embrapa|LBA40, originally isolated from a sugarcane vinasse stabilization pond, was selected among 17 strains tested for growth in POME retrieved from anaerobic ponds of a palm oil industrial plant located within the Amazon rainforest region. During cultivation in POME, C. biconvexa Embrapa|LBA40 biomass productivity reached 190.60 mgDW • L-1 • d-1 using 15L airlift flat plate photobioreactors. Carbohydrates comprised the major fraction of algal biomass (31.96%), while the lipidic fraction reached up to 11.3% of dry mass. Reductions of 99% in ammonium and nitrite, as well as 98% reduction in phosphate present in POME were detected after 5 days of algal cultivation. This suggests that the aerobic pond stage, usually used in palm oil industrial plants to reduce POME inorganic load, could be substituted by high rate photobioreactors, significantly reducing the time and area requirements for wastewater treatment. In addition, the complete mitochondrial genome of C. biconvexa Embrapa|LBA40 strain was sequenced, revealing a compact mitogenome, with 15.98 kb in size, a total of 14 genes, of which 9 are protein coding genes. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the strain taxonomic status within the Chlamydomonas genus, opening up opportunities for future genetic modification and molecular breeding programs in these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Verdugo Pascoal
- Embrapa Agroenergia, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Dágon Manoel Ribeiro
- Embrapa Agroenergia, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- Universidade Zambeze, Sofala, Mozambique
| | | | - Hugo Santana
- Embrapa Agroenergia, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Carvalho Nascimento
- Embrapa Agroenergia, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Gurupi, Tocantins, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Bruno S. A. F. Brasil
- Embrapa Agroenergia, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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Li SY, Zhang Q, Jin YH, Zou JX, Zheng YS, Li DD. A MADS-box gene, EgMADS21, negatively regulates EgDGAT2 expression and decreases polyunsaturated fatty acid accumulation in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). Plant Cell Rep 2020; 39:1505-1516. [PMID: 32804247 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02579-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
EgMADS21 regulates PUFA accumulation in oil palm. Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is the most productive world oil crop, accounting for 36% of world plant oil production. However, the molecular mechanism of the transcriptional regulation of fatty acid accumulation and lipid synthesis in the mesocarp of oil palm by up- or downregulating the expression of genes involved in related pathways remains largely unknown. Here, an oil palm MADS-box gene, EgMADS21, was screened in a yeast one-hybrid assay using the EgDGAT2 promoter sequence as bait. EgMADS21 is preferentially expressed in early mesocarp developmental stages in oil palm fruit and presents a negative correlation with EgDGAT2 expression. The direct binding of EgMADS21 to the EgDGAT2 promoter was confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Subsequently, transient expression of EgMADS21 in oil palm protoplasts revealed that EgMADS21 not only binds to the EgDGAT2 promoter but also negatively regulates the expression of EgDGAT2. Furthermore, EgMADS21 was stably overexpressed in transgenic oil palm embryoids by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. In three independent transgenic lines, EgDGAT2 expression was significantly suppressed by the expression of EgMADS21. The content of linoleic acid (C18:2) in the three transgenic embryoids was significantly decreased, while that of oleic acid (C18:1) was significantly increased. Combined with the substrate preference of EgDGAT2 identified in previous research, the results demonstrate the molecular mechanism by which EgMADS21 regulates EgDGAT2 expression and ultimately affects fatty acid accumulation in the mesocarp of oil palm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yu Li
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Yuan-Hang Jin
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Ji-Xin Zou
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Yu-Sheng Zheng
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Dong-Dong Li
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Hainan, 570228, China.
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Cui J, Lamade E, Tcherkez G. Potassium deficiency reconfigures sugar export and induces catecholamine accumulation in oil palm leaves. Plant Sci 2020; 300:110628. [PMID: 33180708 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic effects of potassium (K) deficiency have been described for nearly 70 years but specific effects of low K availability on sugar composition, sugar export rate and its relationship with other leaf metabolites are not very well documented. Having such pieces of information is nevertheless essential to identify metabolic signatures to monitor K fertilization. This is particularly true in oil-producing crop species such as oil palm (Elaeis guineensis), which is strongly K-demanding and involves high sugar dependence for fruit formation because of low carbon use efficiency in lipid synthesis. Here, we used metabolic analyses, measured sugar export rates with 13C isotopic labeling and examined the effects of K availability on both leaflet and rachis sugar metabolism in oil palm seedlings. We show that low K leads to a modification of sugar composition mostly in rachis and decreased sucrose and hexose export rates from leaflets. As a result, leaflets contained more starch and induced alternative pathways such as raffinose synthesis, although metabolites of the raffinose pathway remained quantitatively minor. The alteration of glycolysis by low K was compensated for by an increase in alternative sugar phosphate utilization by tyrosine metabolism, resulting in considerable amounts of tyramine and dopamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cui
- Research School of Biology, ANU Joint College of Sciences, Australian National University, 2601, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Emmanuelle Lamade
- Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD),UPR Systèmes de Pérennes; Université de Montpellier, Systèmes de Pérennes, CIRAD, 34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Guillaume Tcherkez
- Research School of Biology, ANU Joint College of Sciences, Australian National University, 2601, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
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18
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Zamani AI, Barig S, Ibrahim S, Mohd Yusof H, Ibrahim J, Low JYS, Kua SF, Baharum SN, Stahmann KP, Ng CL. Comparative metabolomics of Phialemonium curvatum as an omnipotent fungus cultivated on crude palm oil versus glucose. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:179. [PMID: 32907579 PMCID: PMC7487481 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01434-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sugars and triglycerides are common carbon sources for microorganisms. Nonetheless, a systematic comparative interpretation of metabolic changes upon vegetable oil or glucose as sole carbon source is still lacking. Selected fungi that can grow in acidic mineral salt media (MSM) with vegetable oil had been identified recently. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the overall metabolite changes of an omnipotent fungus and to reveal changes at central carbon metabolism corresponding to both carbon sources. RESULTS Targeted and non-targeted metabolomics for both polar and semi-polar metabolites of Phialemonium curvatum AWO2 (DSM 23903) cultivated in MSM with palm oil (MSM-P) or glucose (MSM-G) as carbon sources were obtained. Targeted metabolomics on central carbon metabolism of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and glyoxylate cycle were analysed using LC-MS/MS-TripleQ and GC-MS, while untargeted metabolite profiling was performed using LC-MS/MS-QTOF followed by multivariate analysis. Targeted metabolomics analysis showed that glyoxylate pathway and TCA cycle were recruited at central carbon metabolism for triglyceride and glucose catabolism, respectively. Significant differences in organic acids concentration of about 4- to 8-fold were observed for citric acid, succinic acid, malic acid, and oxaloacetic acid. Correlation of organic acids concentration and key enzymes involved in the central carbon metabolism was further determined by enzymatic assays. On the other hand, the untargeted profiling revealed seven metabolites undergoing significant changes between MSM-P and MSM-G cultures. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study has provided insights on the understanding on the effect of triglycerides and sugar as carbon source in fungi global metabolic pathway, which might become important for future optimization of carbon flux engineering in fungi to improve organic acids production when vegetable oil is applied as the sole carbon source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arief Izzairy Zamani
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Susann Barig
- Institute of Biotechnology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus -Senftenberg, Universitaetsplatz 1, 01968, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Ibrahim
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hirzun Mohd Yusof
- Sime Darby Technology Centre, 1st Floor Block B, UPM-MTDC Technology Centre III, Lebuh Silikon, UPM 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Julia Ibrahim
- Sime Darby Technology Centre, 1st Floor Block B, UPM-MTDC Technology Centre III, Lebuh Silikon, UPM 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jaime Yoke Sum Low
- Sime Darby Technology Centre, 1st Floor Block B, UPM-MTDC Technology Centre III, Lebuh Silikon, UPM 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shwu Fun Kua
- Sime Darby Technology Centre, 1st Floor Block B, UPM-MTDC Technology Centre III, Lebuh Silikon, UPM 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Syarul Nataqain Baharum
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Klaus-Peter Stahmann
- Institute of Biotechnology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus -Senftenberg, Universitaetsplatz 1, 01968, Senftenberg, Germany.
| | - Chyan Leong Ng
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Rueda AM, López de los Santos Y, Vincent AT, Létourneau M, Hernández I, Sánchez CI, Molina V. D, Ospina SA, Veyrier FJ, Doucet N. Genome sequencing and functional characterization of a Dictyopanus pusillus fungal enzymatic extract offers a promising alternative for lignocellulose pretreatment of oil palm residues. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227529. [PMID: 32730337 PMCID: PMC7392265 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The pretreatment of biomass remains a critical requirement for bio-renewable fuel production from lignocellulose. Although current processes primarily involve chemical and physical approaches, the biological breakdown of lignin using enzymes and microorganisms is quickly becoming an interesting eco-friendly alternative to classical processes. As a result, bioprospection of wild fungi from naturally occurring lignin-rich sources remains a suitable method to uncover and isolate new species exhibiting ligninolytic activity. In this study, wild species of white rot fungi were collected from Colombian forests based on their natural wood decay ability and high capacity to secrete oxidoreductases with high affinity for phenolic polymers such as lignin. Based on high activity obtained from solid-state fermentation using a lignocellulose source from oil palm as matrix, we describe the isolation and whole-genome sequencing of Dictyopanus pusillus, a wild basidiomycete fungus exhibiting ABTS oxidation as an indication of laccase activity. Functional characterization of a crude enzymatic extract identified laccase activity as the main enzymatic contributor to fungal extracts, an observation supported by the identification of 13 putative genes encoding for homologous laccases in the genome. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first report of an enzymatic extract exhibiting laccase activity in the Dictyopanus genera, offering means to exploit this species and its enzymes for the delignification process of lignocellulosic by-products from oil palm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés M. Rueda
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Université du Québec, Laval, Canada
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
- Centro de Estudios e Investigaciones Ambientales, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Yossef López de los Santos
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Université du Québec, Laval, Canada
| | - Antony T. Vincent
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Université du Québec, Laval, Canada
| | - Myriam Létourneau
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Université du Québec, Laval, Canada
| | - Inés Hernández
- Centro de Estudios e Investigaciones Ambientales, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Clara I. Sánchez
- Centro de Estudios e Investigaciones Ambientales, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
- Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Daniel Molina V.
- Escuela de Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Sonia A. Ospina
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Frédéric J. Veyrier
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Université du Québec, Laval, Canada
| | - Nicolas Doucet
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Université du Québec, Laval, Canada
- PROTEO, Québec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering, and Applications, Québec, Canada
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20
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Wan L, Li L, Harro JM, Hoag SW, Li B, Zhang X, Shirtliff ME. In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion of Palm Olein and Palm Stearin-in-Water Emulsions with Different Physical States and Fat Contents. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:7062-7071. [PMID: 32496800 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The impacts of lipid physical state and content on lipid digestion behavior were investigated using 4 and 20% palm olein-in-water emulsions (4% PO and 20% PO) and 4 and 20% palm stearin-in-water emulsions (4% PS and 20% PS). The changes of lipid physical state, particle size, and microstructure during gastrointestinal digestion; the free fatty acid (FFA) released in the intestinal phase; and the fatty acid composition of micellar phases were investigated. After gastric digestion, all emulsions underwent flocculation and coalescence, with 20% PS showing the most extensive aggregation. During intestinal digestion, the FFA release rate and level decreased as the lipid content increased from 4 to 20%, with 4% PO presenting the highest digestion rate and extent. Besides, the solid fat in 4% PS and 20% PS decreased and increased the maximum lipid digestibility, respectively. These results highlighted the combined roles of lipid physical state and content in modulating dietary lipid digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting Wan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland-Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Lin Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, College Road 1, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Janette M Harro
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland-Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Stephen W Hoag
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland-Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Bing Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Mark E Shirtliff
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland-Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland-Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
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21
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Amiruddin N, Chan PL, Azizi N, Morris PE, Chan KL, Ong PW, Rosli R, Masura SS, Murphy DJ, Sambanthamurthi R, Haslam RP, Chye ML, Harwood JL, Low ETL. Characterization of Oil Palm Acyl-CoA-Binding Proteins and Correlation of Their Gene Expression with Oil Synthesis. Plant Cell Physiol 2020; 61:735-747. [PMID: 31883014 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Acyl-CoA-binding proteins (ACBPs) are involved in binding and trafficking acyl-CoA esters in eukaryotic cells. ACBPs contain a well-conserved acyl-CoA-binding domain. Their various functions have been characterized in the model plant Arabidopsis and, to a lesser extent, in rice. In this study, genome-wide detection and expression analysis of ACBPs were performed on Elaeis guineensis (oil palm), the most important oil crop in the world. Seven E. guineensis ACBPs were identified and classified into four groups according to their deduced amino acid domain organization. Phylogenetic analysis showed conservation of this family with other higher plants. All seven EgACBPs were expressed in most tissues while their differential expression suggests various functions in specific tissues. For example, EgACBP3 had high expression in inflorescences and stalks while EgACBP1 showed strong expression in leaves. Because of the importance of E. guineensis as an oil crop, expression of EgACBPs was specifically examined during fruit development. EgACBP3 showed high expression throughout mesocarp development, while EgACBP1 had enhanced expression during rapid oil synthesis. In endosperm, both EgACBP1 and EgACBP3 exhibited increased expression during seed development. These results provide important information for further investigations on the biological functions of EgACBPs in various tissues and, in particular, their roles in oil synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadzirah Amiruddin
- Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang, Selangor 43000, Malaysia
| | - Pek-Lan Chan
- Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang, Selangor 43000, Malaysia
| | - Norazah Azizi
- Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang, Selangor 43000, Malaysia
| | - Priscilla Elizabeth Morris
- Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang, Selangor 43000, Malaysia
| | - Kuang-Lim Chan
- Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang, Selangor 43000, Malaysia
| | - Pei Wen Ong
- Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang, Selangor 43000, Malaysia
| | - Rozana Rosli
- Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang, Selangor 43000, Malaysia
| | - Subhi Siti Masura
- Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang, Selangor 43000, Malaysia
| | - Denis J Murphy
- School of Applied Sciences, University of South Wales, Pontypridd CF37 1DL, UK
| | - Ravigadevi Sambanthamurthi
- Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang, Selangor 43000, Malaysia
| | - Richard P Haslam
- Department of Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Mee-Len Chye
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - John L Harwood
- School of Biosciences, University of Cardiff, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Eng-Ti Leslie Low
- Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang, Selangor 43000, Malaysia
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22
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Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the influence of dietary lipid sources on growth performance, carcass traits and taste scores in Pekin ducks. A total of 1,500 fifteen-day-old ducks (820 ± 22 g) were blocked based on body weight (BW), and randomly allotted to 3 treatments with 10 replicates of 50 birds each (25 males and 25 females). The experiment lasted for 4 wk, and dietary treatments included 3 different lipid sources (soybean oil, duck fat, and palm oil), which were evaluated in corn-soybean meal diets (3250 kcal/kg metabolizable energy and 16.5% crude protein for grower diet and 3350 kcal/kg metabolizable energy and 15.5% crude protein for finisher diet). During days 15 to 28, feeding soybean oil and palm oil diets increased (P < 0.05) body weight gain (BWG), but decreased (P < 0.05) feed intake, feed-to-gain ratio (F/G) and caloric conversion compared with duck fat. During days 29 to 42, birds fed duck fat diet had higher BWG, but lower (P < 0.05) F/G and caloric conversion than those fed soybean oil and palm oil diets. Overall, feeding soybean oil diet increased (P < 0.05) BWG and final BW, but decreased (P < 0.05) F/G compared with palm oil. Birds fed duck fat diet had higher (P < 0.05) skin, subcutaneous fat and abdominal fat yield compared with palm oil. Left breast meat yield in soybean oil group was higher (P < 0.05) than that in duck fat and palm oil groups. Birds in soybean oil group had lower (P < 0.05) roasting loss, but higher (P < 0.05) comprehensive score compared with duck fat and palm oil. In summary, birds fed soybean oil diet had the best growth performance and taste scores for roasting, whereas the duck fat was better in abdominal fat and subcutaneous fat yield than soybean oil and palm oil in Pekin ducks from 15 to 42 d of age under the same nutritional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Ao
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, South Korea; Tie Qi Li Shi Group. Co., Mianyang, Sichuan 621006, P. R. China
| | - I H Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, South Korea.
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23
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Suksong W, Kongjan P, Prasertsan P, O-Thong S. Thermotolerant cellulolytic Clostridiaceae and Lachnospiraceae rich consortium enhanced biogas production from oil palm empty fruit bunches by solid-state anaerobic digestion. Bioresour Technol 2019; 291:121851. [PMID: 31374416 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Thermotolerant cellulolytic consortium for improvement biogas production from oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) by prehydrolysis and bioaugmentation strategies was investigated via solid-state anaerobic digestion (SS-AD). The prehydrolysis EFB with Clostridiaceae and Lachnospiraceae rich consortium have maximum methane yield of 252 and 349 ml CH4 g-1 VS with total EFB degradation efficiency of 62% and 86%, respectively. Clostridiaceae and Lachnospiraceae rich consortium augmentation in biogas reactor have maximum methane yield of 217 and 85.2 ml CH4 g-1 VS with degradation efficiency of 42% and 16%, respectively. The best improvement of biogas production was achieved by prehydrolysis EFB with Lachnospiraceae rich consortium with maximum methane production of 113 m3 CH4 tonne-1 EFB. While, Clostridiaceae rich consortium was suitable for augmentation in biogas reactor with maximum methane production of 70.6 m3 CH4 tonne-1 EFB. Application of thermotolerant cellulolytic consortium into the SS-AD systems could enhance biogas production of 3-11 times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wantanasak Suksong
- Biotechnology Program, Faculty of Science, Thaksin University, Phatthalung, Thailand
| | - Prawit Kongjan
- Department of Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani, Thailand
| | - Poonsuk Prasertsan
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Sompong O-Thong
- Biotechnology Program, Faculty of Science, Thaksin University, Phatthalung, Thailand; Research Center in Energy and Environment, Faculty of Science, Thaksin University, Phatthalung, Thailand.
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24
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Jarujareet P, Nakkanong K, Luepromchai E, Suttinun O. Bioaugmentation coupled with phytoremediation for the removal of phenolic compounds and color from treated palm oil mill effluent. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:32065-32079. [PMID: 31493076 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06332-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The potential for coupling bioaugmentation with phytoremediation to simultaneously treat and utilize treated palm oil mill effluent (TPOME) in animal feed production was determined from a reduction in phenolic compounds and color in soil leachates, as well as from an increased yield of pasture grass. Two phenol-degrading bacteria-Methylobacterium sp. NP3 and Acinetobacter sp. PK1-were inoculated into the Brachiaria humidicola rhizosphere before the application of TPOME. A pot study showed that the soil with both grass and inoculated bacteria had the highest dephenolization and decolorization efficiencies, with a maximum capability of removing 70% from 587 mg total phenolic compounds added and 73% from 4438 color units during ten TPOME application cycles. The results corresponded to increases in the number of phenol-degrading bacteria and the grass yield. In a field study, this treatment was able to remove 46% from 21,453 mg total phenolic compounds added, with a maximum color removal efficiency of 52% from 5105 color units, while the uninoculated plots removed about 24-39% and 29-46% of phenolic compounds and color, respectively. The lower treatment performance was probably due to the increased TPOME concentrations. Based on the amounts of phenolic compounds, protein, and crude fiber in the grass biomass, the inoculated TPOME-treated grass had a satisfactory nutritional quality and digestibility for use as animal feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palist Jarujareet
- Environmental Assessment and Technology for Hazardous Waste Management Research Center, Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Korakot Nakkanong
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Ekawan Luepromchai
- Microbial Technology for Marine Pollution Treatment Research Unit, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Oramas Suttinun
- Environmental Assessment and Technology for Hazardous Waste Management Research Center, Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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25
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Zarei M, Abidin NBZ, Auwal SM, Chay SY, Haiyee ZA, Sikin AM, Saari N. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE)-Peptide Interactions: Inhibition Kinetics, In Silico Molecular Docking and Stability Study of Three Novel Peptides Generated from Palm Kernel Cake Proteins. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E569. [PMID: 31590308 PMCID: PMC6843816 DOI: 10.3390/biom9100569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Three novel peptide sequences identified from palm kernel cake (PKC) generated protein hydrolysate including YLLLK, WAFS and GVQEGAGHYALL were used for stability study against angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), ACE-inhibition kinetics and molecular docking studies. Results showed that the peptides were degraded at different cleavage degrees of 94%, 67% and 97% for YLLLK, WAFS and GVQEGAGHYALL, respectively, after 3 h of incubation with ACE. YLLLK was found to be the least stable (decreased ACE-inhibitory activity) compared to WAFS and GVQEGAGHYALL (increased ACE-inhibitory activity). YLLLK showed the lowest Ki (1.51 mM) in inhibition kinetics study when compared to WAFS and GVQEGAGHYALL with Ki of 2 mM and 3.18 mM, respectively. In addition, ACE revealed the lowest Kmapp and Vmaxapp and higher catalytic efficiency (CE) in the presence of YLLLK at different concentrations, implying that the enzyme catalysis decreased and hence the inhibition mode increased. Furthermore, YLLLK showed the lowest docking score of -8.224 and seven interactions with tACE, while peptide GVQEGAGHYALL showed the higher docking score of -7.006 and five interactions with tACE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zarei
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Najib Bin Zainal Abidin
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shehu Muhammad Auwal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Bayero University, Kano 700231, Nigeria
| | - Shyan Yea Chay
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zaibunnisa Abdul Haiyee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Adi Md Sikin
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nazamid Saari
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
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26
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Azman NF, Megat Mohd Noor MJ, Md Akhir FN, Ang MY, Hashim H, Othman N, Zakaria Z, Hara H. Depolymerization of lignocellulose of oil palm empty fruit bunch by thermophilic microorganisms from tropical climate. Bioresour Technol 2019; 279:174-180. [PMID: 30721818 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies on screening of lignin-degrading bacteria mainly focused on the ligninolytic ability of the isolated bacteria for the utilization of lignin monomers. In this study, we focused on the depolymerization of alkali lignin to prove the ability of the isolated thermophilic bacterial strains to utilize and depolymerize more than a monomer of alkali lignin within 7 days of incubation. Indigenous thermophilic bacterial isolates from the palm oil plantation were used to evaluate the depolymerization and utilization of alkali lignin. The confirmation of the bacterium-mediated depolymerization of oil palm empty fruit bunch was achieved through the removal of silica bodies, as observed with scanning electron microscopy. Stenotrophomonas sp. S2 and Bacillus subtilis S11Y were able to reduce approximately 50% and 20% of alkali lignin at 7 days of incubation without the requirement for additional carbon sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Farhana Azman
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Green Technology, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Megat Johari Megat Mohd Noor
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Green Technology, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fazrena Nadia Md Akhir
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Green Technology, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - May Yen Ang
- Analytical and Scientific Instrument Division, Shimadzu Malaysia Sdn. Bhd. Nouvelle Industrial Park 2, Taman Sains Selangor 1, Kota Damansara, 47810 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hazni Hashim
- Analytical and Scientific Instrument Division, Shimadzu Malaysia Sdn. Bhd. Nouvelle Industrial Park 2, Taman Sains Selangor 1, Kota Damansara, 47810 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor'Azizi Othman
- Department of Mechanical Precision Engineering, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zuriati Zakaria
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Green Technology, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hirofumi Hara
- Department of Chemical Process Engineering, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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27
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Alves Filho EG, Brito RS, Rodrigues THS, Silva LMA, de Brito ES, Canuto KM, Krug C, Zocolo GJ. Association of Pollinators of Different Species of Oil Palm with the Metabolic Profiling of Volatile Organic Compounds. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1900050. [PMID: 30980460 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The development of studies on emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by inflorescence of oil palms deserves a special attention regarding the importance to reproduction success and for increase of production. This study aimed to evaluate metabolic profiling of VOCs expelled by male and female inflorescences of different oil palm species (African oil palm, Amazonian Caiaué and the interspecific hybrid BRS-Manicoré), associating the composition variability with main pollinators to improve the comprehension of the plant-insect relationship. The phenylpropanoids, terpenoids and the aliphatic hydrocarbons were predominant classes detected in inflorescences of oil palms and the major compound was estragole. This result may be correlated with attraction of Elaidobius pollinators, since these insects were not attracted by Caiaué, which emitted estragole only in trace amounts. However, Caiaué and the hybrid species were visited by other native species whose frequencies were low and their success as pollinators could not be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elenilson G Alves Filho
- Departamento de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60356-000, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | - Rafaela S Brito
- Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, 60511-110, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Edy S de Brito
- Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, 60511-110, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | - Kirley M Canuto
- Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, 60511-110, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Krug
- Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental, 69010-970, Manaus-AM, Brazil
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28
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Hazeena SH, Nair Salini C, Sindhu R, Pandey A, Binod P. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of oil palm front for the production of 2,3-butanediol. Bioresour Technol 2019; 278:145-149. [PMID: 30685618 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to develop a process for the production of 2,3-butanediol by Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) of Oil Palm Front (OPF) biomass. The study compares SSF with Separate Hydrolysis and Fermentation (SHF) of oil palm biomass and batch fermentation using glucose. The results showed that SSF is one of the most attractive techniques for the microbial production of 2,3-butanediol using lignocellulosic biomass. The enzymatic digestibility and fermentative efficiency of alkali pre-treated OPF biomass was checked and the role of various experimental parameters like enzyme loading and inoculum loading were optimized. SSF experiments could give 30.74 g/l of BDO in shake flask and 12.53 g/l in 500 ml bioreactor with a productivity of 0.32 and 0.13 g/l/h respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulfath Hakkim Hazeena
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Chandrasekharan Nair Salini
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India
| | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Center for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), 31MG Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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29
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Li X, Ji R, Cui K, Chen Q, Chen Q, Fang W, Mai K, Zhang Y, Xu W, Ai Q. High percentage of dietary palm oil suppressed growth and antioxidant capacity and induced the inflammation by activation of TLR-NF-κB signaling pathway in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019; 87:600-608. [PMID: 30738147 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A 70-day feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary fish oil (FO) replaced by palm oil (PO) on growth, biochemical and antioxidant response as well as inflammatory response in the liver of large yellow croaker (initial weight 15.87 ± 0.14 g). Four iso-proteic and iso-lipidic experimental diets were formulated with 0% (the control group), 33.3%, 66.7% and 100% FO replaced by PO. Fish fed the diet with 100% PO showed significantly lower growth performance than the control group. As expected, the contents of C16:0, C18:1n-9 and C18:2n-6 were increased with increasing dietary PO levels. There were remarkable increases in total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in fish fed the diet with 100% PO compared to the control group. Moreover, dietary PO significantly increased activities of plasma alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in fish fed the diet with 100% PO compared to the control group. The total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and the activity of catalase (CAT) in plasma were significantly decreased in fish fed the diet with 100% PO compared to the control group, and meanwhile no significant differences were found in T-AOC and CAT activity in fish fed diets with no more than 66.7% PO. Fish fed the diet with 100% PO exerted significantly higher toll like receptors (TLRs) and myeloid differentiation factor (MyD88) mRNA expression levels than the control group. The IFNγ, IL-1β and TNFα mRNA expressions were increased with increasing dietary PO levels. The increase of pro-inflammatory gene expression may be due to the activation of NF-κB signaling as the ratio of nucleus p65 to total p65 protein was elevated with the increase of dietary PO levels. These results showed that relatively higher PO levels in diets suppressed the growth and antioxidant capacity as well as induced the inflammatory response by activating TLR-NF-κB signaling pathway in juvenile large yellow croaker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueshan Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Renlei Ji
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Cui
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuchi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Fang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, People's Republic of China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiqi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghui Ai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, People's Republic of China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, People's Republic of China.
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Ganapathy B, Yahya A, Ibrahim N. Bioremediation of palm oil mill effluent (POME) using indigenous Meyerozyma guilliermondii. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:11113-11125. [PMID: 30788704 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04334-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite being a key Malaysian economic contributor, the oil palm industry generates a large quantity of environmental pollutant known as palm oil mill effluent (POME). Therefore, the need to remediate POME has drawn a mounting interest among environmental scientists. This study has pioneered the application of Meyerozyma guilliermondii with accession number (MH 374161) that was isolated indigenously in accessing its potential to degrade POME. This strain was able to treat POME in shake flask experiments under aerobic condition by utilising POME as a sole source of carbon. However, it has also been shown that the addition of suitable carbon and nitrogen sources has significantly improved the degradation potential of M. guilliermondii. The remediation of POME using this strain resulted in a substantial reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 72%, total nitrogen of 49.2% removal, ammonical nitrogen of 45.1% removal, total organic carbon of 46.6% removal, phosphate of 60.6% removal, and 92.4% removal of oil and grease after 7 days of treatment period. The strain also exhibited an extracellular lipase activity which promotes better wastewater treatment. Additionally, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses have specifically shown that M. guilliermondii strain can degrade hydrocarbons, fatty acids, and phenolic compounds present in the POME. Ultimately, this study has demonstrated that M. guilliermondii which was isolated indigenously exhibits an excellent degrading ability. Therefore, this strain is suitable to be employed in the remediation of POME, contributing to a safe discharge of the effluent into the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birintha Ganapathy
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biosciences, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Adibah Yahya
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biosciences, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Norahim Ibrahim
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biosciences, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
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Zhang W, Zhao F, Zhao F, Yang T, Liu S. Solid-state fermentation of palm kernels by Yarrowia lipolytica modulates the aroma of palm kernel oil. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2538. [PMID: 30796276 PMCID: PMC6384936 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39252-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid-state fermentation with Yarrowia lipolytica was applied to palm kernels (PK) with the aim to modulate the aroma of palm kernel oil (PKO) obtained after kernel roasting. The results showed that, the metabolic activities of Y. lipolityca brought about significant changes to the volatile profile of obtained PKO either by providing thermal reaction reactants or by directly contributing aroma compounds. After fermentation, a decreased content in glucose (60%) while an elevated amount (7-fold) in free amino acids was found in PK, which further impacted the formation of volatile compounds by influencing the Maillard reaction and Strecker degradation during roasting. More Strecker aldehydes and N-heterocyclic compounds were formed in PKO derived from fermented PK especially after intensified roasting. In addition, the catabolism of Y. lipolytica imparted some distinct volatile compounds such as 2-phenylethanol to the obtained PKO. However, the lipase excreted by Y. lipolytica hydrolysed PK lipids and released 5-fold more free fatty acids in fermented PKO, relative to the blank and control PKO, which likely contributed to the off-flavor. On the basis of all volatile categories, principal component analysis (PCA) clearly separated the fermented PKO from the blank and control PKO, with light roasted, fermented PKO being correlated with acids, alcohols and aliphatic aldehydes; medium and dark roasted, fermented PKO tending to be dominated by pyrroles, pyrazines and furanones, which is in correspondence with sensory changes of PKO. This study demonstrated that combining fermentation with roasting could provide a novel way to modulate the volatile composition and aroma of PKO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencan Zhang
- Food Science and Technology Programme, Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Feifei Zhao
- Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research & Development Center Co., Ltd, No. 118 Gaodong Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Fangju Zhao
- Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research & Development Center Co., Ltd, No. 118 Gaodong Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Tiankui Yang
- Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research & Development Center Co., Ltd, No. 118 Gaodong Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Shaoquan Liu
- Food Science and Technology Programme, Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, No. 377 Linquan Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
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Tai WY, Tan JS, Lim V, Lee CK. Comprehensive studies on optimization of cellulase and xylanase production by a local indigenous fungus strain via solid state fermentation using oil palm frond as substrate. Biotechnol Prog 2019; 35:e2781. [PMID: 30701709 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The high cost of cellulases remains the most significant barrier to the economical production of bio-ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass. The goal of this study was to optimize cellulases and xylanase production by a local indigenous fungus strain (Aspergillus niger DWA8) using agricultural waste (oil palm frond [OPF]) as substrate. The enzyme production profile before optimization indicated that the highest carboxymethyl cellulose (CMCase), filter paper (FPase), and xylanase activities of 1.06 U/g, 2.55 U/g, and 2.93 U/g were obtained on day 5, day 4, and day 5 of fermentation, respectively. Response surface methodology was used to study the effects of several key process parameters in order to optimize cellulase production. Of the five physical and two chemical factors tested, only moisture content of 75% (w/w) and substrate amount of 2.5 g had statistically significant effect on enzymes production. Under optimized conditions of 2.5 g of substrate, 75% (w/w) moisture content, initial medium of pH 4.5, 1 × 106 spores/mL of inoculum, and incubation at ambient temperature (±30°C) without additional carbon and nitrogen, the highest CMCase, FPase, and xylanase activities obtained were 2.38 U/g, 2.47 U/g, and 5.23 U/g, respectively. Thus, the optimization process increased CMCase and xylanase production by 124.5 and 78.5%, respectively. Moreover, A. niger DWA8 produced reasonably good cellulase and xylanase titers using OPF as the substrate when compared with previous researcher finding. The enzymes produced by this process could be further use to hydrolyze biomass to generate reducing sugars, which are the feedstock for bioethanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Yi Tai
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Joo Shun Tan
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Vuanghao Lim
- Integrative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Chee Keong Lee
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
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Salema AA, Ting RMW, Shang YK. Pyrolysis of blend (oil palm biomass and sawdust) biomass using TG-MS. Bioresour Technol 2019; 274:439-446. [PMID: 30553084 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to pyrolyze individual (oil palm shell, empty fruit bunch and sawdust) as well as blend biomass in a thermogravimetric mass spectrometry (TG-MS) from room temperature to 800 °C at constant heating rate of 15 °C/min. The results showed that the onset TG temperature for blend biomass shifted slightly to lower values. Activation energy values were also found to decrease slightly after blending the biomass. Interestingly, the MS spectra of selected gases (H2O CH4, H2O, C2H2, C2H4 or CO, CH2O, CH3OH, HCl, C3H6, CO2, HCOOH, and C6H12) evolved from blend biomass showed decreased in the intensity as compared to their individual biomass. Overall, the blend biomass showed synergy which provides ways to expand the possibility of utilizing multiple feedstocks in one thermo-chemical system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Adam Salema
- Mechanical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ryan Man Wai Ting
- Mechanical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yong Kuan Shang
- Mechanical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
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Huang Y, Gao Y, Zhou H, Sun H, Zhou J, Zhang S. Pyrolysis of palm kernel shell with internal recycling of heavy oil. Bioresour Technol 2019; 272:77-82. [PMID: 30316194 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper investigated pyrolysis of palm kernel shell in a proposed reactor, which is characterized by internal recycling of heavy oil between a heavy oil sorption zone and pyrolysis zone. The internal recycling of heavy oil favors conversion of heavy oil to char, gas, and light oil. Compared with the product distribution from the conventional pyrolysis without heavy oil recycling, the yields of char, gas, and GC/MS detectable organic compounds increase from 34.8, 15.2, and 9.8 wt%-(dry feedstock) to 38.5, 19.0, and 16.9 wt%-(dry feedstock), respectively, with the help of internal recycling of heavy oil. The increases in the char and gas yields are interestingly found to be nearly equivalent. Furthermore, the yields of acetic acid and phenol in the resulting bio-oil can be as high as 10.1 and 2.7 wt%-(dry feedstock), and the outputs of 2-methylfuran, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, and H2 are increased by around 37, 7, and 4 times, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037 Nanjing, China
| | - Yaxuan Gao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037 Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037 Nanjing, China
| | - Hongqi Sun
- School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Western Australia 6027, Australia
| | - Jianbin Zhou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037 Nanjing, China.
| | - Shu Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037 Nanjing, China.
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Santos IR, Maximiano MR, Almeida RF, da Cunha RNV, Lopes R, Scherwinski-Pereira JE, Mehta A. Genotype-dependent changes of gene expression during somatic embryogenesis in oil palm hybrids (Elaeis oleifera x E. guineensis). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209445. [PMID: 30596686 PMCID: PMC6312368 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the molecular processes triggered during the different steps of somatic embryogenesis (SE) in oil palm, the expression of 19 genes associated to SE identified in proteomic and transcriptomic studies was investigated by qRT-PCR. To evaluate the differential expression of these genes, two interspecific hybrid genotypes (Elaeis oleifera x Elaeis guineensis) contrasting for the acquisition of embryogenic competence were used. Aclorophyllated leaves of both hybrids, one responsive (B351733) and the other non-responsive (B352933) to SE were submitted to callus induction and collected at different time points: 0 (before induction), 14, 30, 90 and 150 days of callus induction (doi). The results obtained showed that all evaluated genes were downregulated at 14 doi in the responsive genotype when compared to the non-responsive. It was also possible to observe that most of the genes changed their expression behavior at 30 doi and were upregulated thereafter until 150 doi, with the exception of the pathogenesis-related PRB1-3-like (PRB1-3) gene, which did not show differential expression at 30 doi and was downregulated at 90 and 150 doi when compared to the non-responsive hybrid. These results indicate that 30 doi is a turning point in gene expression, probably associated to embryogenic competence acquisition. We also show that the expression behavior of the responsive genotype is more stable than that of the non-responsive when the different induction time points are compared to 0 doi (before induction). Moreover, the results obtained in this study corroborate our hypothesis that the regulation of genes involved in the control of oxidative stress and energy metabolism are crucial for the acquisition of embryogenic competence in oil palm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivonaldo Reis Santos
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília—DF, Brazil
| | - Mariana Rocha Maximiano
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Imunologia e DIP/Genética e Biotecnologia), Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Raphael Ferreira Almeida
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília—DF, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Angela Mehta
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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Gong G, Wu S, Wu X. Influences of Light Intensity and β-Carotene on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Aldehydes in Vegetable Oil: A Case Study Using Palm Oil. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:11124-11132. [PMID: 30280896 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of three light intensities on four types of palm oils during consecutive storage for 12 months at 4 °C. The concentrations of 4-hydroxy-2- trans-hexenal (4-HHE), 4-hydroxy-2- trans-nonenal (4-HNE), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)4, and PAH8 in the oils significantly increased with the increasing light intensity after storage. The red palm oil had the lowest rate of increase of 4-HNE, while 5° palm oil had the highest rate of increase of the PAH, OPAH, 4-HNE, and peroxide values during storage. For the same type of oil, OPAHs increased significantly under a light intensity of 6000 lx (lx) after storage. The increasing concentrations of 9FO, ATQ, and BaPO in the oils stored at 6000 lx showed a positive relation to their corresponding parent PAHs, indicating that PAH oxidation occurred at 6000 lx. The results suggest that light intensity and β-carotene may control PAHs, OPAHs, and 4-hydroxy-trans- alkenals for vegetable oil storage, transportation, and retail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyi Gong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200240 , China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Shimin Wu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200240 , China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Xiaojing Wu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200240 , China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200240 , China
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Idris CAC, Sundram K, Razis AFA. Effect of Consumption Heated Oils with or without Dietary Cholesterol on the Development of Atherosclerosis. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10101527. [PMID: 30336600 PMCID: PMC6213572 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Heating oils and fats for a considerable length of time results in chemical reactions, leading to the aggravation of a free radical processes, which ultimately contributes to atherosclerosis. Our study focused on elucidating the effect of feeding heated oils with or without dietary cholesterol on the development of atherosclerosis in rabbits. We heated palm olein and corn oil at 180 °C for 18 h and 9 h per day, respectively, for two consecutive days. Next, 20 male rabbits were divided into four groups and fed the following diet for 12 weeks: (i) heated palm olein (HPO); (ii) HPO with cholesterol (HPOC); (iii) heated corn oil (HCO); and (iv) HCO with cholesterol (HCOC). Plasma total cholesterol (TC) was significantly lower in the HCO group compared to the HCOC group. Atherosclerotic lesion scores for both fatty plaques and fatty streaks were significantly higher in the HCO and HCOC groups as compared to the HPO and HPOC groups. Additionally, fibrous plaque scores were also higher in the HCO and HCOC groups as compared to the HPO and HPOC groups. These results suggest that heated palm oil confers protection against the onset of atherosclerosis compared to heated polyunsaturated oils in a rabbit model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che Anishas Che Idris
- Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Kalyana Sundram
- Malaysian Palm Oil Council, 2nd Floor, Wisma Sawit, Lot 6, SS6, Jalan Perbandaran, Kelana Jaya 47301, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Food Integrity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Rodrigues-Neto JC, Correia MV, Souto AL, Ribeiro JADA, Vieira LR, Souza MT, Rodrigues CM, Abdelnur PV. Metabolic fingerprinting analysis of oil palm reveals a set of differentially expressed metabolites in fatal yellowing symptomatic and non-symptomatic plants. Metabolomics 2018; 14:142. [PMID: 30830392 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-018-1436-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oil palm (E. guineensis), the most consumed vegetable oil in the world, is affected by fatal yellowing (FY), a condition that can lead to the plant's death. Although studies have been performed since the 1980s, including investigations of biotic and abiotic factors, FY's cause remains unknown and efforts in researches are still necessary. OBJECTIVES This work aims to investigate the metabolic expression in plants affected by FY using an untargeted metabolomics approach. METHOD Metabolic fingerprinting analysis of oil palm leaves was performed using ultra high liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS). Chemometric analysis, using principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), was applied to data analysis. Metabolites identification was performed by high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), MS/MS experiments and comparison with databases and literature. RESULTS Metabolomics analysis based on MS detected more than 50 metabolites in oil palm leaf samples. PCA and PLS-DS analysis provided group segregation and classification of symptomatic and non-symptomatic FY samples, with a great external validation of the results. Nine differentially expressed metabolites were identified as glycerophosphorylcholine, arginine, asparagine, apigenin 6,8-di-C-hexose, tyramine, chlorophyllide, 1,2-dihexanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, proline and malvidin 3-glucoside-5-(6″-malonylglucoside). Metabolic pathways and biological importance of those metabolites were assigned. CONCLUSION Nine metabolites were detected in a higher concentration in non-symptomatic FY plants. Seven are related to stress factors i.e. plant defense and nutrient absorption, which can be affected by the metabolic depression of these compounds. Two of those metabolites (glycerophosphorylcholine and 1,2-dihexanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine) are presented as potential biomarkers, since they have no known direct relation to plant stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Candido Rodrigues-Neto
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Agroenergy, W3 Norte, PqEB, Brasília, DF, 70770-901, Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Mauro Vicentini Correia
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Agroenergy, W3 Norte, PqEB, Brasília, DF, 70770-901, Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Augusto Lopes Souto
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Agroenergy, W3 Norte, PqEB, Brasília, DF, 70770-901, Brazil
| | | | - Letícia Rios Vieira
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Agroenergy, W3 Norte, PqEB, Brasília, DF, 70770-901, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Plant Biotechnology, Federal University of Lavras, CP 3037, Lavras, MG, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Manoel Teixeira Souza
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Agroenergy, W3 Norte, PqEB, Brasília, DF, 70770-901, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Plant Biotechnology, Federal University of Lavras, CP 3037, Lavras, MG, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Clenilson Martins Rodrigues
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Agroenergy, W3 Norte, PqEB, Brasília, DF, 70770-901, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Verardi Abdelnur
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Agroenergy, W3 Norte, PqEB, Brasília, DF, 70770-901, Brazil.
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil.
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Thilakarathna SH, Wright AJ. Attenuation of Palm Stearin Emulsion Droplet in Vitro Lipolysis with Crystallinity and Gastric Aggregation. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:10292-10299. [PMID: 30247885 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Emulsions with partially crystalline solid (SE) and undercooled-liquid (LE) droplets with equivalent droplet sizes (centering ∼416 nm), surface charges (∼-56 mV), and spherical morphologies were prepared by hot microfluidization based on 10% palm stearin and 0.4% Span 60. Lipid crystallinity attenuated early gastroduodenal lipolysis in vitro ( p < 0.05), both with and without inclusion of a gastric phase ( p < 0.05). Gastric exposure, in particular acidic pH, led to partial coalescence of SE and flocculation and partial crystallization of LE, and it attenuated the rate and extent of lipolysis in both samples. In vitro shear conditions further impacted colloidal stability, particularly for SE, with implications for digestibility. Although lipid crystallinity consistently attenuated early lipolysis, gastric-phase SE partial coalescence had a relatively greater impact on digestibility than did droplet physical state. These findings show that a complex interplay exists among a droplet's physical state, colloidal properties, and digestion conditions, which combine to impact emulsion in vitro lipolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surangi H Thilakarathna
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences , University of Guelph , Guelph , Ontario N1G 2W1 , Canada
| | - Amanda J Wright
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences , University of Guelph , Guelph , Ontario N1G 2W1 , Canada
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Ahmad Rizal NFA, Ibrahim MF, Zakaria MR, Kamal Bahrin E, Abd-Aziz S, Hassan MA. Combination of Superheated Steam with Laccase Pretreatment Together with Size Reduction to Enhance Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Oil Palm Biomass. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23040811. [PMID: 29614823 PMCID: PMC6017473 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of superheated steam (SHS) with ligninolytic enzyme laccase pretreatment together with size reduction was conducted in order to enhance the enzymatic hydrolysis of oil palm biomass into glucose. The oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) and oil palm mesocarp fiber (OPMF) were pretreated with SHS and ground using a hammer mill to sizes of 2, 1, 0.5 and 0.25 mm before pretreatment using laccase to remove lignin. This study showed that reduction of size from raw to 0.25 mm plays important role in lignin degradation by laccase that removed 38.7% and 39.6% of the lignin from OPEFB and OPMF, respectively. The subsequent saccharification process of these pretreated OPEFB and OPMF generates glucose yields of 71.5% and 63.0%, which represent a 4.6 and 4.8-fold increase, respectively, as compared to untreated samples. This study showed that the combination of SHS with laccase pretreatment together with size reduction could enhance the glucose yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Fatin Athirah Ahmad Rizal
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia.
| | - Mohamad Faizal Ibrahim
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia.
- Laboratory of Biopolymer and Derivatives, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Rafein Zakaria
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia.
- Laboratory of Biopolymer and Derivatives, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia.
| | - Ezyana Kamal Bahrin
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia.
- Laboratory of Biopolymer and Derivatives, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia.
| | - Suraini Abd-Aziz
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Ali Hassan
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia.
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Pádua MS, Santos RS, Labory CRG, Stein VC, Mendonça EG, Alves E, Paiva LV. Histodifferentiation of oil palm somatic embryo development at low auxin concentration. Protoplasma 2018; 255:285-295. [PMID: 28871411 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-017-1143-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale propagation of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis, Jacq.) is difficult due to its single apical meristem. Thus, obtaining plants is mainly through seed germination, and a long growing period is required before oil production is possible. An alternative to large-scale seedling production is indirect somatic embryogenesis. The aim of this study was to analyze the somatic embryogenesis process in oil palm (E. guineensis Jacq.) with amino acids and low concentrations of auxins. The Tenera hybrid was analyzed by cytochemical and ultrastructural methods and was used to regenerate oil palm plants. First, calli were induced in MS culture media supplemented with 2,4-D and picloram. Two types of calli were obtained, characterized by beige or translucent color. Beige calli had embryogenic characteristics, such as large nuclei with prominent nucleoli, and they were multiplied for 8 months in MM culture (half strength MS, 1 mg L-1 2,4-D, 2 mg L-1 2iP, 1 mg L-1 IBA, 250 mg L-1 citric acid, 10 mg L-1 cysteine, 100 mg L-1 inositol, 1 mg L-1 thiamine, 1 mg L-1 pyridoxine, 1 mg L-1 nicotinic acid, 1 mg L-1 glycine, 200 mg L-1 malt extract, and 100 mg L-1 casein hydrolysate). After multiplication, the MCB culture medium (half strength MS, supplemented with 0.25 mg L-1 NAA, 2 mg L-1 BAP, MM vitamins and 200 mg L-1 malt extract, and 100 mg L-1 casein hydrolysate) was the most efficient for embryo formation, showing meristematic centers with totipotent cells in histochemical analyses. The somatic embryos were developed and germinated in MG medium (half strength MS, 0.45 mg L-1 IAA, 0.25 mg L-1 BAP, and MM vitamins), transplanted into polyethylene tubes containing pine bark substrates, and acclimatized in a greenhouse, achieving a 97% survival rate. The use of picloram for callus induction and somatic embryogenesis is advantageous and multiplication in MM medium is an important step for increasing cell mass. The calli with light beige color and nodular structures have meristematic cells with dense cytoplasm and totipotential features that later give rise to protoderm, procambium, and ground meristem during the globular, cordiform, and torpedo embryogenesis phases. In MCB medium, the concentration of vitamins and amino acids are crucial for somatic embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Pádua
- Laboratório Central de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Lavras/UFLA, Lavras, MG, 37200-000, Brazil.
| | - R S Santos
- Laboratório Central de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Lavras/UFLA, Lavras, MG, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - C R G Labory
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Laboratório de Microscopia Eletrônica e Ultra-estrutural, Universidade Federal de Lavras/UFLA, Lavras, MG, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - V C Stein
- Laboratório de Farmacobotânica e Plantas Medicinais, Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu. Av. Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400 - Chanandour, Divinópolis, MG, 35501-296, Brazil
| | - E G Mendonça
- Instituto de Floresta/Departamento de Silvicultura, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, 23897-000, Brazil
| | - E Alves
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Laboratório de Microscopia Eletrônica e Ultra-estrutural, Universidade Federal de Lavras/UFLA, Lavras, MG, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - L V Paiva
- Laboratório Central de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Lavras/UFLA, Lavras, MG, 37200-000, Brazil
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Yeap WC, Lee FC, Shabari Shan DK, Musa H, Appleton DR, Kulaveerasingam H. WRI1-1, ABI5, NF-YA3 and NF-YC2 increase oil biosynthesis in coordination with hormonal signaling during fruit development in oil palm. Plant J 2017; 91:97-113. [PMID: 28370622 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The oil biosynthesis pathway must be tightly controlled to maximize oil yield. Oil palm accumulates exceptionally high oil content in its mesocarp, suggesting the existence of a unique fruit-specific fatty acid metabolism transcriptional network. We report the complex fruit-specific network of transcription factors responsible for modulation of oil biosynthesis genes in oil palm mesocarp. Transcriptional activation of EgWRI1-1 encoding a key master regulator that activates expression of oil biosynthesis genes, is activated by three ABA-responsive transcription factors, EgNF-YA3, EgNF-YC2 and EgABI5. Overexpression of EgWRI1-1 and its activators in Arabidopsis accelerated flowering, increased seed size and oil content, and altered expression levels of oil biosynthesis genes. Protein-protein interaction experiments demonstrated that EgNF-YA3 interacts directly with EgWRI1-1, forming a transcription complex with EgNF-YC2 and EgABI5 to modulate transcription of oil biosynthesis pathway genes. Furthermore, EgABI5 acts downstream of EgWRKY40, a repressor that interacts with EgWRKY2 to inhibit the transcription of oil biosynthesis genes. We showed that expression of these activators and repressors in oil biosynthesis can be induced by phytohormones coordinating fruit development in oil palm. We propose a model highlighting a hormone signaling network coordinating fruit development and fatty acid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Chin Yeap
- Sime Darby Plantation, Research and Development, Biotechnology and Breeding, Sime Darby Technology Centre Sdn. Bhd., Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43400, Malaysia
| | - Fong-Chin Lee
- Sime Darby Plantation, Research and Development, Biotechnology and Breeding, Sime Darby Technology Centre Sdn. Bhd., Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43400, Malaysia
| | - Dilip Kumar Shabari Shan
- Sime Darby Plantation, Research and Development, Biotechnology and Breeding, Sime Darby Technology Centre Sdn. Bhd., Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43400, Malaysia
| | - Hamidah Musa
- Sime Darby Plantation, Research and Development, Biotechnology and Breeding, Sime Darby Technology Centre Sdn. Bhd., Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43400, Malaysia
| | - David Ross Appleton
- Sime Darby Plantation, Research and Development, Biotechnology and Breeding, Sime Darby Technology Centre Sdn. Bhd., Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43400, Malaysia
| | - Harikrishna Kulaveerasingam
- Sime Darby Plantation, Research and Development, Sime Darby Research Sdn Bhd, R&D Centre-Upstream, Pulau Carey, Kuala Langat, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 42960, Malaysia
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Titov VN, Aripovskii AV, Schekotov VV, Schekotova AP, Kukharchuk VV. [The oleic triglycerides of palm oil and palmitic triglycerides of creamy fat. The reaction of palmitoylation, potassium and magnesium palmitate, absorption of fatty acids by enterocytes and microbiota of large intestine]. Klin Lab Diagn 2016; 61:452-461. [PMID: 30601634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The decreasing of content of animal, palmitic milk fat (butter) by means of its substitution with vegetable, oleic, palmy oil in food of adults optimal by its quantity is physically chemically and biologically substantiated. In oleic palmy oil higher content of oleic mono unsaturated fatty acid and oleic triglycerides than in creamy fat is established. The biologic availability of palmitic unsaturated palmitic acid in the form of free fatty acid is decreased at its absorption by enterocytes of small intestines is detected. There are no transforms of mono unsaturated acids in palmy oil in contrast with hydrogenated margarines. In palmy, oleic oil there is not enough of short-chained fatty acids (C4-C6) and it has no taste quality and it has low level of unsaturated fatty acids and factually it is lacking of ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. However, it is compensated in case of availability offish and sea products in food. If adults, especially older ones, will refuse to consume creamy fat and decrease intake of products with high content of palmitic unsaturated fatty acid and palmitic triglycerides (beef, sour cream, fatty cheeses) it'll positively impact their health. The refusal from these products is a real step in prevention of metabolic pandemic (atherosclerosis and atheromatosis, metabolic syndrome, resistance to insulin, obesity). There are still large number of people who at optimal amount of food retain in vivo increased amount of exogenous, endogenously synthesized from glucose palmitic unsaturated fatty acid in the form of unesterified fatty acids (syndrome of resistance to insulin) and increased content of palmitic triglycerides.
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