Enhancing the Nutritive Values of Ice Milk Based on Dry Leaves and Oil of Moringa oleifera

Probiotic Frozen Yoghurt Supplemented with Coconut Flour Green Nanoparticles

Background:

Frozen yoghurt is a suitable vehicle to deliver bioactive compounds and beneficial microorganisms, and to develop new functional dairy products.

Methods:

Bifidobacterium bifidum was used in the manufacture of frozen yoghurt, whereas skim milk powder was substituted by Nanoparticles Coconut Flour (NCF) and Coconut Flour (CF). The physicochemical, microbiological and sensory properties were assessed for frozen yoghurt from different treatments.

Results:

The prepared NCF by ball-milling had sizes that range between 81.96nm to 83.53nm. The addition of NCF affected variably the pH values, moisture content, the overrun, fiber content, freezing points and viscosity of the prepared frozen yoghurt depending on the ratio of substituted skim milk.

:

Also, the addition of NCF improved the viability of Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium breve, Streptococci, and Lactobacilli and total bacterial count of frozen yoghurt during frozen storage. The addition of NCF improved the sensory properties of frozen yoghurt.

Conclusion:

The use of Nanoparticles Coconut Flour (NCF) and Bifidobacterium sp., in the preparation of frozen yoghurt improved its physicochemical, microbiological and sensory properties.

Biological, nutritional, and therapeutic significance of Moringa oleifera Lam

The genus Moringa Adans. comprises 13 species, of which Moringa oleifera Lam. native to India and cultivated across the world owing to its drought and frost resistance habit is widely used in traditional phytomedicine and as rich source of essential nutrients. Wide spectrum of phytochemical ingredients among leaf, flower, fruit, seed, seed oil, bark, and root depend on cultivar, season, and locality. The scientific studies provide insights on the use of M. oleifera with different aqueous, hydroalcoholic, alcoholic, and other organic solvent preparations of different parts for therapeutic activities, that is, antibiocidal, antitumor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardio-protective, hepato-protective, neuro-protective, tissue-protective, and other biological activities with a high degree of safety. A wide variety of alkaloid and sterol, polyphenols and phenolic acids, fatty acids, flavanoids and flavanol glycosides, glucosinolate and isothiocyanate, terpene, anthocyanins etc. are believed to be responsible for the pragmatic effects. Seeds are used with a view of low-cost biosorbent and coagulant agent for the removal of metals and microbial contamination from waste water. Thus, the present review explores the use of M. oleifera across disciplines for its prominent bioactive ingredients, nutraceutical, therapeutic uses and deals with agricultural, veterinarian, biosorbent, coagulation, biodiesel, and other industrial properties of this "Miracle Tree."

Coconut Bio-yoghurt Phytochemical-chemical and Antimicrobial-microbial Activities

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE

Coconut flour is known to be highly nutritious flour and contains high dietary fiber. The aim of this study was to make "bio-yoghurt beverage grafted with coconut flour and containing probiotic bacteria which is recommended as a functional milk product.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Chemical, phytochemical studies and antimicrobial activity have been performed on coconut flour which was used to make the beverage. Bio-yoghurt beverages made with different ratios of coconut flour (0, 2, 4 and 6%) were chemical, microbiological and sensory tested when fresh and during storage for 15 days of cold storage.

RESULTS

Chemical composition of coconut flour showed reasonable contents of moisture, ash, fat, fatty acids, protein, crude fiber, total solids, total phenols and antioxidants. Coconut flour showed antibacterial activity against some foodborne pathogenic bacteria. The addition of coconut flour to make bio-yoghurt beverages increased its contents of total solids, protein, ash, fiber, acidity, antioxidant activity, total phenols, improved yoghurt sensory and rheological properties especially when probiotic bacteria were used. The results did not reveal any significant differences (p>0.05), between the bacterial counts of yoghurt starter culture, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus casei in yoghurt control (without coconut) and bio-yoghurt treatments (with coconut), during cold storage. Moulds and yeasts were not detected in all bio-yoghurt treatments; meanwhile they appeared in yoghurt control after 15 days indicating coconut antifungal activity and subsequently a period of time to save more for this drink. All bio-yoghurt beverages with different ratios of coconut flour were sensory accepted and showed more favorable properties, particularly for the viscosity.

CONCLUSION

A new functional dairy product of bio-yoghurt beverage contain coconut flour high fiber content was prepared with probiotic bacteria and showed good chemical, microbiological and sensory/rheological properties.