1
|
Jinxue D, Shiang S, Kai S, Yongjie X, Shaojun H. Sex-based responses of heat stress and subsequent recovery on the growth performance, metabolic changes, and redox status of broilers at market age. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2023; 67:1669-1677. [PMID: 37480374 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-023-02529-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
This experiment investigated the sex responses of heat stress (HS) and subsequent recovery on growth performance, serum metabolic parameters, and redox status. Two hundred 38-day-old broilers were arranged in a completely randomized design with a 2 × 2 (temperatures and sexes) factorial arrangement in five replicates. Broilers were raised at 24 ± 1 °C or 32 ± 1 °C for 3 days and returned to 24 °C for 2 days. The study showed that HS decreased both average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), serum total glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (T-SOD). However, it increased feed conversion ratio (FCR), rectal temperature (RT), respiratory rate (RR), serum glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and the protein carbonyl group (PCG). Male broilers had higher ADFI, ADG, lactic acid (LA), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and PCG, but lower FCR, albumin, total antioxidant capacity, T-SOD, and GPx. Temperature and sex significantly interacted with ADFI, ADG, LA, and HDL-C. The effects of HS on RR, RT, glucose, albumin, BUN, PCG, T-SOD, and GPx recovered after 2 days. These results indicate that HS and subsequent recovery affect growth performance, which is accompanied by disturbances in serum nutrient metabolism and abnormalities in redox function and manifested by temporal and gender differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ding Jinxue
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Chuzhou, 233100, Anhui, China
| | - Sun Shiang
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Chuzhou, 233100, Anhui, China
| | - Song Kai
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Chuzhou, 233100, Anhui, China
| | - Xiong Yongjie
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Chuzhou, 233100, Anhui, China
| | - He Shaojun
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Chuzhou, 233100, Anhui, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
England A, Gharib-Naseri K, Kheravii SK, Wu SB. Influence of sex and rearing method on performance and flock uniformity in broilers-implications for research settings. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2022; 12:276-283. [PMID: 36712408 PMCID: PMC9869427 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Male and female broiler chickens differ in their growth performance, carcass part weights and nutrient requirements. The potential reasons for these differences have been explored by looking at differences in nutrient digestibility, nutrient transporter gene expression as well as gut microbiota populations between male and female birds. Studies have shown that male broilers have higher crude protein requirements compared to female broilers. The expression of monosaccharide and amino acid transporters show conflicting results as expression depends on the interactions between sex and bird age and breed as well as which tissue is sampled. Differences in microbiota populations between the genders were reported which may contribute towards performance differences, however research in this area is limited. The differences observed between the sexes contribute to increased variation in nutrition trials, and the potential to rear birds as equally mixed-sex becomes an option to reduce the variation introduced by the sex effect. Difference in rearing options obviously would only be feasible provided a quick, practical and cost-effective method of sexing birds is available, a topic that is also discussed in this review.
Collapse
|
3
|
Rehman HFU, Zaneb H, Masood S, Yousaf MS, Hayat K, Majeed KA, Zeeshan M, Ashraf S, Khan I, Khan A, Rehman H. Effect of Selenium Nanoparticles and Mannan Oligosaccharide Supplementation on Growth Performance, Stress Indicators, and Intestinal Microarchitecture of Broilers Reared under High Stocking Density. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12212910. [PMID: 36359034 PMCID: PMC9654113 DOI: 10.3390/ani12212910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study investigated the potential of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) and mannan-oligosaccharide (MOS) supplementation in ameliorating high stocking density (HSD) stress in broilers. A total of 392 day-old male chicks were divided into seven groups with eight replicates (n = 7): NSD [basal diet (BD) + normal stocking density: 10 bird/m2], HSD [BD + high stocking density: 16 bird/m2], Se−HSD [BD + Selenium (Se) 0.15 mg/kg], MOS−HSD (BD + MOS 5 gm/kg), Se−MOS−HSD (BD + Se 0.15 mg/kg and MOS 5 gm/kg), SeNPs−HSD (BD + SeNPs 0.15 mg/kg) and SeNPs−MOS−HSD (BD + SeNPs 0.15 mg/kg and MOS-5 gm/kg). HSD stress decreased (p < 0.05) weekly body weight and body weight gain and increased (p < 0.05) FCR compared to the NSD group. Supplementation with SeNPs and the SeNPs−MOS combination improved (p < 0.05) the weekly body weight and FCR in HSD-stressed broilers during the 5th and 6th weeks. On day 21, HSD stress decreased (p < 0.05) duodenal villus height (VH) and villus surface area (VSA) and increased (p < 0.05) serum corticosterone and cholesterol compared to the NSD group. Supplementation with the SeNPs−MOS combination increased (p < 0.05) duodenal VH and VH:CD, and jejunal total goblet cell (TGC) density and decreased (p < 0.05) serum corticosterone and cholesterol and ileal intra-epithelial lymphocyte (IEL) density in HSD-stressed broilers. On day 42, HSD stress decreased (p < 0.05) duodenal and jejunal VH, VSA, VH:CD, PCNA positive cell density and TGC density, Ileal VSA and TGC density, and increased (p < 0.05) serum cholesterol and ileal IEL density compared to the NSD group. Supplementation with the SeNPs−MOS combination increased (p < 0.05) spleen and bursa absolute weights, duodenal VH, VSA, VH:CD, PCNA positive cell density and jejunal VH, VH:CD, and decreased (p < 0.05) serum cholesterol and ileal IEL density in HSD-stressed broilers. Our findings signify that HSD is stressful for broilers particularly during the finishing phase. Supplementation with the SeNPs−MOS combination mitigated HSD stress by partially improving the gut microarchitecture, gut barrier function and performance indicators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Faseeh ur Rehman
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Hafsa Zaneb
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
- Correspondence:
| | - Saima Masood
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Khizar Hayat
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Abdul Majeed
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zeeshan
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Saima Ashraf
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Imad Khan
- College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Khan
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Habib Rehman
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
England AD, Gharib-Naseri K, Kheravii SK, Wu SB. Rearing broilers as mixed or single-sex: relevance to performance, coefficient of variation and flock uniformity. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102176. [PMID: 36215743 PMCID: PMC9554804 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
With known variation in performance between male and female broilers and the fact that sourcing single-sex birds for use in research is becoming increasingly difficult, it becomes important to determine the effect of rearing method with male and female broilers on between-pen variation and body weight (BW) uniformity. We evaluated the performance response of broilers reared as single or mixed-sex to standard and reduced crude protein (CP) diets. The study was designed as a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments consisting of 672 Cobb-500 broilers assigned to 48 floor pens with 6 treatments, 8 replicates, and 14 birds per pen. The factors were rearing method (male single-sex, female single-sex, or equally mixed-sex) and dietary CP level (standard or reduced). For the overall period of the trial (d 0–35) there was a significant effect (P < 0.001) of rearing method and CP level on feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). There was also a significant interaction between rearing method and CP level for BWG during d 0 to 35 (P < 0.01). There was a significant interaction between CP level and sex on d 34 BW (P < 0.01) where the reduced CP diet decreased the BW of both males and females, but to a greater extent the BW of the female birds. Dietary CP level had a significant effect on relative breast and drumstick weights with birds fed the reduced CP diet having significantly lower breast weights (P < 0.001) and higher drumstick weights (P < 0.01).This study suggests that male and female broilers have different CP requirements, and rearing birds as equally mixed-sex results in the lowest CV% for performance parameters and best BW uniformity compared to single-sex birds. Furthermore, when low CP diets are fed to broilers, they will prioritize the growth of more important body parts such as the legs.
Collapse
|
5
|
Wolde S, Mirkena T, Melesse A, Dessie T, Abegaz S. Hatchability and growth performances of normal feathered local, Sasso-RIR and their F1-cross chickens managed under on-station condition in southern Ethiopia. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:513. [PMID: 34642833 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02957-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Normal feathered local chicken (LL), Sasso-RIR (SRSR) and their F1-cross (LSR) chickens were hatched to evaluate for egg hatchability, body weight, feed efficiency, and survival rate. After 14 days of brooding, 150 chicks of each genotype were randomly selected and further replicated into five pens in a deep litter grower house consisting of 30 chicks each in a completely randomized design, and evaluated for a period of 16 weeks. Hatchability of fertile eggs was highest for LL (80.0%), intermediate for LSR (68.6%), and lowest for SRSR (55.9%) chickens. The body weight (BW) of chicks at 2 weeks of age was 80.0, 76.3, and 61.5 g/bird for SRSR, LSR, and LL, respectively, the latter being the lowest (p < 0.05). The respective BW at 8 weeks of age was 732, 587, and 451 g while at 18 weeks it was 1877, 1379, and 1070 g/bird and different from each other (p < 0.05). During 3- to 8-week and 9- to 18-week growth periods, the LL chickens were inferior (p < 0.05) in feed intake (29.7 and 66.9 g/d/bird) whereas the SRSR chickens were superior (p < 0.05) in body weight gain (15.5 and 16.3 g/d/bird) and feed conversion ratio (2.67 and 5.35 g feed/ g gain), respectively. The mortality rate of chicken was not affected by genotypes. It can be concluded that Sasso-RIR chicken genotype had played a significant role in upgrading the growth rate and market weight of the local normal feathered chicken without adverse effect on hatchability, feed efficiency, and survival rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shewangizaw Wolde
- School of Animal and Range Sciences, College of Agriculture, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia. .,Areka Agricultural Research Center, Southern Agricultural Research Institute, Areka, Ethiopia.
| | - Tadele Mirkena
- School of Animal and Range Sciences, College of Agriculture, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia.,Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Aberra Melesse
- School of Animal and Range Sciences, College of Agriculture, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Tadelle Dessie
- International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Solomon Abegaz
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Effects of stocking density on the performance, tibia mineralization, and the expression of hypothalamic appetite genes in broiler chickens. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2020-0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The current study investigated the effects of stocking density (SD) on the performance, tibia mineralization, and the hypothalamic appetite genes expression in broilers. A total of 2,800 1-d-old male broilers (Cobb 500) were distributed in a completely randomized design to 1 of 5 SD treatments with 8 replicate cages for each treatment. The SD treatments were 12.5, 15.0, 17.5, 20.0, and 22.5 birds/m2, corresponding to 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90 birds per cage (4 m2/cage), respectively. The concentration of tibia phosphorus was determined by the ammonium metavanadate colorimetric method and the mRNA abundance in different tissues was measured by the real-time quantitative PCR method. The data were analyzed by the one-way and/or two-way analysis of variance and polynomial contrasts were used to determine the effect of increasing SD. Feed intake linearly decreased (P < 0.05) with increasing SD during d 1-42 production period. On d 42, body weight and tibia breaking strength were significantly lower in the groups of 17.5, 20.0 and 22.5 birds/m2 than in the groups of 12.5 and 15 birds/m2 (P < 0.01). Concentrations of ash and phosphorus in the tibia of broilers linearly decreased (P < 0.03) with increasing SD on d 42. The SD of 22.5 birds/m2 decreased the mRNA abundance of neuropeptide Y (NPY), NPY-receptor (NPYR) 1, and NPYR2 (P < 0.05), while it increased melanocortin receptor 4 mRNA abundance (P = 0.012) in the hypothalamus of broilers as compared with the SD of 12.5 birds/m2 on d 21 and 42. The mRNA abundance of hypothalamic cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART), corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF), and CRF-receptor 1 (CRFR1) were higher (P < 0.05) in the group of 22.5 birds/m2 than in the group of 12.5 birds/m2 on d 21. We concluded that increasing stocking density beyond 15 birds/m2 (corresponding to the 45 kg/m2 at 42 days of age) suppressed final BW and bone mineralization of broilers raised in multitier cage system. Hypothalamic NPY and CRF signaling might be involved in the anorexigenic effect of HSD.
Collapse
|
7
|
Nwaigwe CU, Ihedioha JI, Shoyinka SV, Nwaigwe CO. Evaluation of the hematological and clinical biochemical markers of stress in broiler chickens. Vet World 2020; 13:2294-2300. [PMID: 33281369 PMCID: PMC7704311 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.2294-2300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Stress significantly affects health and productivity of animals. There is need for affordable and easy-to-assay markers of physiological stress in broilers. This study evaluated hematological and serum biochemical markers of physiologic stress in broiler chickens. Materials and Methods: Thirty day-old broiler chickens were assigned to three groups of ten broilers each during the 56-day study. Group 1 broilers served as the control and were not exposed to any stressors; Group 2 broilers were stocked at the stress density of 50 kg BW m–2 from day 49 to 56 while Group 3 broilers had their feed withdrawn 36 h before blood collection on day 56. Blood samples were collected on day 49 (pre-stress sample) and day 56 (post-stress sample) from all the birds and subjected to hematological and serum biochemical analysis. Results: The parameters did not vary significantly (p>0.05) pre-stress. Post-stress, there were significant variations in the heterophil, lymphocyte, and eosinophil counts and in the heterophil to lymphocyte ratio across the three groups. The concentrations of the plasma fibrinogen and serum albumins, sodium, and sodium to potassium ratio of the broilers varied significantly across the groups. Conclusion: Heterophil, eosinophil, and lymphocyte counts, the heterophil to lymphocyte ratio, plasma fibrinogen, serum albumin, sodium, and sodium to potassium ratio are significant markers of physiological stress in broilers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chioma U Nwaigwe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - John I Ihedioha
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Shodeinde V Shoyinka
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Chukwuemeka O Nwaigwe
- Department of Animal Health and Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
He S, Yin Q, Xiong Y, Li J, Liu D. Characterization of heat stress affecting the growth performance, blood biochemical profile, and redox status in male and female broilers at market age. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 52:3833-3841. [PMID: 32997308 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02422-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of acute heat stress (HS), sex, and their interaction on growth performance, serum biochemical and redox status in the later stage broilers. Two hundred 38-day-old Ross 308 chicks were allocated in a factorial arrangement of 2 × 2 (temperatures and sexes) with 5 replicates of 10 bird each. Thermoneutral and heat-stressed broilers were raised at 24 ± 1 °C or 32 ± 1 °C from day 38 to 39, respectively. HS decreased the average daily feed intake (ADFI) and average daily gain (ADG) whereas it increased feed conversion ratio (FCR), rectal temperature (RT), and respiratory rate (RR) in broilers exposed to high temperature for 24 h and 48 h. Moreover, RT, RR, serum glucose, and HDL-C levels increased while triglyceride (TG), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) decreased in broilers exposed to high temperature for 12 h. Male broilers had higher final body weight (FBW), ADFI, ADG, total protein carbonyl group, and lower FCR and T-SOD than females in HS condition for 24 h and 48 h. Lower RT, serum albumin, HDL-C, activities of T-SOD and GPx were observed when compared with those of males in HS condition for 12 h. There were significant temperature × sex interactive effects on ADFI, ADG, and TG in broilers exposed to high temperature for 24 h and 48 h. The present study suggests that the acute HS negatively affects growth performance which is accompanied by the disorder of serum nutritional metabolism and imbalance of redox status in later stage broilers. Some parameters presented sexual differences that suggested it may be more effective to alleviate the negative effects of HS when broiler producers take into account the gender of broiler.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaojun He
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, 233100, Anhui, China.
| | - Qirun Yin
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, 233100, Anhui, China
| | - Yongjie Xiong
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, 233100, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, 233100, Anhui, China
| | - Deyi Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, 233100, Anhui, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mincheva N. PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE AND SLAUGHTER TRAITS OF AN AUTOSEXING BROILER COMBINATION REARED EITHER SEX SEPARATE OR MIXED. BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.15547//tjs.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Production and slaughter traits of autosexing broiler combination reared either sex separate or mixed were investigated. A total of 180 day-old feather sexed broiler chicks were divided into three groups (n=60)- two sex separate (male and female) and one mixed (1:1), each with two replications of 30 birds. Body weight and feed intake were followed on a weekly basis; the average daily feed intake and feed conversion were calculated. By the end of the experiment (day 49), slaughter analysis was performed on 20 birds: 5 broilers from each of sex separate groups, 5 males and 5 females from the mixed group with live weight close to the group average. The carcass weight (g), weights of carcass cuts, giblets and abdominal fat were determined. Slaughter yield and body parts ratios were calculated. The results demonstrated that sex separate rearing of broilers contributed to higher final body weight - by 6.9 % in females (P<0.05) and by 2.9 % in males (P>0.05), but had no effect on feed conversion. Sex separate rearing resulted in heavier carcasses by 3.6% (P<0.05) and more uniform weight as compared to mixed rearing. The sex effect on body weight and slaughter traits was more considerable in males with respect to carcass, thigh, back, wings and giblets weights (P<0.05) but not abdominal fat whose weight was higher in female broilers (P<0.05). Better uniformity of final body weight of broilers reared sex separate and the reduced variation in carcass weight and weight of cuts (breast and thigh) would facilitate slaughterhouse processing and would contribute to the realization of produce and meeting distribution network demands
Collapse
|
10
|
Kridtayopas C, Rakangtong C, Bunchasak C, Loongyai W. Effect of prebiotic and synbiotic supplementation in diet on growth performance, small intestinal morphology, stress, and bacterial population under high stocking density condition of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2019; 98:4595-4605. [PMID: 30951594 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study investigated the effect of prebiotic mannan-oligosaccharide (MOS) and synbiotic (MOS mixed with Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis) on growth performance and bacterial population under high stocking density (HSD) conditions in broilers. A total of 605 one-day-old male Arbor Acres broiler chickens were randomly assigned to 4 treatments: normal stocking density (NSD; 30 kg/m2 fed basal diets), HSD (40 kg/m2 fed basal diets), HSD chickens fed 0.1% prebiotic (HSDp), and HSD fed 0.1% synbiotic (HSDs). At 35 D of age, the body weight of HSD and HSDp were poorer than NSD group (P < 0.01), whereas the feed conversion ratio (FCR) of the HSDs) group was better than the NSD group (P < 0.01). The HSDp and HSDs groups improved FCR (P < 0.01) and has cheaper feed cost per gain compared to the HSD group. Moreover, the body weight of HSDs group was heavier than the HSDp group (P < 0.05). The level of corticosterone and the heterophil to lymphocyte ratio were highest in the HSD group, whereas these indexes were reduced in both HSDp and HSDs groups (P < 0.05). Duodenal, jejunal, and ileal villus heights were shortest in the HSD group (P < 0.01), and the lowest ileal segment goblet cell counts were also observed in this group (P < 0.05). The HSDp and HSDs groups improved the morphology of gastrointestinal (GI) tract (P < 0.05). The Lactobacillus sp. and Clostridium sp. count in the GI tract of HSD group were low (P < 0.01), whereas Escherichia coli was high (P < 0.01), and Salmonella spp. in jejunum and cecum were detectable when compared with NSD group. Conversely, Bacillus sp., Lactobacillus sp., and Clostridium sp. in HSDp and HSDs groups were increased, and E. coli was reduced in the HSDs group (P < 0.01). Therefore, it is clear that stress from HSD negatively affected growth performance, gut morphology, and microbial population, whereas the supplementation of prebiotic or synbiotic can mitigate the effect of stress and microbial dysbiosis in gut of broiler chickens under HSD condition. Comparatively, under this condition, using synbiotic appears to have more beneficial effects than using the prebiotic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chayatid Kridtayopas
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, 10900 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Choawit Rakangtong
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, 10900 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chaiyapoom Bunchasak
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, 10900 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wiriya Loongyai
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, 10900 Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jawasreh K, Al Athamneh S, Al-Zghoul MB, Al Amareen A, AlSukhni I, Aad P. Evaluation of growth performance and muscle marker genes expression in four different broiler strains in Jordan. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2019.1573647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khaleel Jawasreh
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Safwan Al Athamneh
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Borhan Al-Zghoul
- Department of Basic Medical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | | | - Ibrahem AlSukhni
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Pauline Aad
- Department of Sciences, FNAS Notre Dame University-Louaize, Beirut-Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|