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Jimenez-García SN, Garcia-Mier L, Ramirez-Gomez XS, Guevara-Gonzalez RG, Aguirre-Becerra H, Escobar-Ortiz A, Contreras-Medina LM, Garcia-Trejo JF, Vazquez-Cruz MA, Feregrino-Perez AA. Characterization of the Key Compounds of Bell Pepper by Spectrophotometry and Gas Chromatography on the Effects of Induced Stress on the Concentration of Secondary Metabolite. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093830. [PMID: 37175241 PMCID: PMC10180469 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sweet peppers are consumed worldwide, and traditional uses have sparked interest in their applications as dietary antioxidants, which can be enhanced in plants using elicitors. These are endowed with phytochemicals with potential health benefits such as antioxidants, bioavailability, and bioaccessibility. The trend in metabolomics shows us chemical fingerprints linking metabolomics, innovative analytical form, and bioinformatics tools. The objective was to evaluate the impact of multiple stress interactions, elicitor concentrations, and electrical conductivity on the concentration of secondary metabolites to relate their response to metabolic pathways through the foliar application of a cocktail of said elicitors in pepper crops under greenhouse conditions. The extracts were analyzed by spectrophotometry and gas chromatography, and it was shown that the PCA analysis identified phenolic compounds and low molecular weight metabolites, confirming this as a metabolomic fingerprint in the hierarchical analysis. These compounds were also integrated by simultaneous gene and metabolite simulants to obtain effect information on different metabolic pathways. Showing changes in metabolite levels at T6 (36 mM H2O2 and 3.6 dS/m) and T7 (0.1 mM SA and 3.6 dS/m) but showing statistically significant changes at T5 (3.6 dS/m) and T8 (0.1 mM SA, 36 mM H2O2, and 3.6 dS/m) compared to T1 (32 dS/m) or control. Six pathways changed significantly (p < 0.05) in stress-induced treatments: aminoacyl t-RNA and valine-leucine-isoleucine biosynthesis, and alanine-aspartate-glutamate metabolism, glycoxylate-dicarboxylate cycle, arginine-proline, and citrate. This research provided a complete profile for the characterization of metabolomic fingerprint of bell pepper under multiple stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra N Jimenez-García
- Division de Ciencias de la Salud e Ingeniería, Campus Celaya-Salvatierra, C.A. Enfermedades no Transmisibles, Universidad de Guanajuato, Av. Ing. Javier Barros Sierra No. 201 Esq. Baja California, Ejido de Santa Maria del Refugio Celaya, Guanajuato 8140, Mexico
| | - Lina Garcia-Mier
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Valle de México, Campus Querétaro, Blvd, Juriquilla No. 1000 A, Delegación Santa Rosa Jáuregui, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Xóchitl S Ramirez-Gomez
- Division de Ciencias de la Salud e Ingeniería, Campus Celaya-Salvatierra, C.A. Enfermedades no Transmisibles, Universidad de Guanajuato, Av. Ing. Javier Barros Sierra No. 201 Esq. Baja California, Ejido de Santa Maria del Refugio Celaya, Guanajuato 8140, Mexico
| | - Ramon G Guevara-Gonzalez
- Division de Estudios de Posgrado, C.A. Bioingeniería Básica y Aplicada, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, C.U. Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Colonia Las Campanas, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro 76010, Mexico
| | - Humberto Aguirre-Becerra
- Division de Estudios de Posgrado, C.A. Bioingeniería Básica y Aplicada, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, C.U. Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Colonia Las Campanas, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro 76010, Mexico
| | - Alexandro Escobar-Ortiz
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, C.U. Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Colonia Las Campanas, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro 76010, Mexico
| | - Luis M Contreras-Medina
- Division de Estudios de Posgrado, C.A. Bioingeniería Básica y Aplicada, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, C.U. Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Colonia Las Campanas, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro 76010, Mexico
| | - Juan F Garcia-Trejo
- Division de Estudios de Posgrado, C.A. Bioingeniería Básica y Aplicada, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, C.U. Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Colonia Las Campanas, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro 76010, Mexico
| | - Moises A Vazquez-Cruz
- Departamento de Investigación y Desarrollo, Koppert Mexico, Circuito el Marques Nte. 82, Parque industrial El Marqués, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro 76246, Mexico
| | - Ana A Feregrino-Perez
- Division de Estudios de Posgrado, C.A. Bioingeniería Básica y Aplicada, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, C.U. Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Colonia Las Campanas, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro 76010, Mexico
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Lin YX, Xu HJ, Yin GK, Zhou YC, Lu XX, Xin X. Dynamic Changes in Membrane Lipid Metabolism and Antioxidant Defense During Soybean ( Glycine max L. Merr.) Seed Aging. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:908949. [PMID: 35812982 PMCID: PMC9263854 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.908949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Seed viability depends upon the maintenance of functional lipids; however, how membrane lipid components dynamically change during the seed aging process remains obscure. Seed storage is accompanied by the oxidation of membrane lipids and loss of seed viability. Understanding membrane lipid changes and their effect on the cell membrane during seed aging can contribute to revealing the mechanism of seed longevity. In this study, the potential relationship between oxidative stress and membrane lipid metabolism was evaluated by using a non-targeted lipidomics approach during artificial aging of Glycine max L. Merr. Zhongdou No. 27 seeds. We determined changes in reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde content, and membrane permeability and assessed antioxidant system activity. We found that decreased non-enzymatic antioxidant contents and catalase activity might lead to reactive oxygen species accumulation, resulting in higher electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation. The significantly decreased phospholipids and increased glycerolipids and lysophospholipids suggested that hydrolysis of phospholipids to form glycerolipids and lysophospholipids could be the primary pathway of membrane metabolism during seed aging. Moreover, the ratio of phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylethanolamine, double bond index, and acyl chain length of phospholipids were found to jointly regulate membrane function. In addition, the observed changes in lipid metabolism suggest novel potential hallmarks of soybean seed aging, such as diacylglycerol 36:4; phosphatidylcholine 34:2, 36:2, and 36:4; and phosphatidylethanolamine 34:2. This knowledge can be of great significance for elucidating the molecular mechanism underlying seed aging and germplasm conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-xin Lin
- National Crop Genebank, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hai-jin Xu
- National Crop Genebank, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guang-kun Yin
- National Crop Genebank, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-chang Zhou
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xin-xiong Lu
- National Crop Genebank, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Xin
- National Crop Genebank, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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3
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Diantina S, McGill C, Millner J, Nadarajan J, Pritchard HW, Colville L, Clavijo McCormick A. Seed viability and fatty acid profiles of five orchid species before and after ageing. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2022; 24:168-175. [PMID: 34724312 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Changes in seed lipid composition during ageing are associated with seed viability loss in many plant species. However, due to their small seed size, this has not been previously explored in orchids. We characterized and compared the seed viability and fatty acid profiles of five orchid species before and after ageing: one tropical epiphytic orchid from Indonesia (Dendrobium strebloceras), and four temperate species from New Zealand, D. cunninghamii (epiphytic), and Gastrodia cunninghamii, Pterostylis banksii and Thelymitra nervosa (terrestrial). Seeds were aged under controlled laboratory conditions (3-month storage at 60% RH and 20 °C). Seed viability was tested before and after ageing using tetrazolium chloride staining. Fatty acid methyl esters from fresh and aged seeds were extracted through trans-esterification, and then analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. All species had high initial viability (>80%) and experienced significant viability loss after ageing. The saturated, polyunsaturated, monounsaturated and total fatty acid content decreased with ageing in all species, but this reduction was only significant for D. strebloceras, D. cunninghamii and G. cunninghamii. Our results suggest that fatty acid degradation is a typical response to ageing in orchids, albeit with species variation in magnitude, but the link between fatty acid degradation and viability was not elucidated. Pterostylis banksii exemplified this variation; it showed marked viability loss despite not having a significant reduction in its fatty acid content after ageing. More research is required to identify the effect of ageing on fatty acid composition in orchids, and its contribution to seed viability loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Diantina
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Indonesia Agency for Agricultural Research and Development (IAARD), Jakarta Selatan, Indonesia
| | - C McGill
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - J Millner
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - J Nadarajan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - H W Pritchard
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wakehurst, Ardingly, West Sussex, UK
| | - L Colville
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wakehurst, Ardingly, West Sussex, UK
| | - A Clavijo McCormick
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Małecka A, Ciszewska L, Staszak A, Ratajczak E. Relationship between mitochondrial changes and seed aging as a limitation of viability for the storage of beech seed ( Fagus sylvatica L.). PeerJ 2021; 9:e10569. [PMID: 33552713 PMCID: PMC7821764 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is one of the most fundamental biological processes occurring in all forms of eukaryotic life. Beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.) produce seeds in intervals of 5–10 years. Its yearly seed yield is usually very low, so there is a need for long-term seed storage to enable propagation of this species upon demand. Seeds for sowing must be of high quality but they are not easy to store without viability loss. Understanding the mechanism responsible for seed aging is therefore very important. We observed the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mitochondria of embryonic axes and cotyledons of beech seeds during natural aging. The presence of ROS led to changes in compromised mitochondrial membrane integrity and in mitochondrial metabolism and morphology. In this study, we pointed to the involvement of mitochondria in the natural aging process of beech seeds, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this involvement are still unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arleta Małecka
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Liliana Ciszewska
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Staszak
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Wawrzyniak MK, Kalemba EM, Ratajczak E, Chmielarz P. Oxidation processes related to seed storage and seedling growth of Malus sylvestris, Prunus avium and Prunus padus. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234510. [PMID: 32555619 PMCID: PMC7302524 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Seeds stored in controlled conditions in gene banks, faster or slower lose their viability. The effects of seed moisture content levels (ca. 5, 8, 11%) combined with storage temperatures (-3°, -18°, -196°C) were investigated in terms of the description of seeds defined as orthodox under oxidative stress after seed storage, during germination, and initial seedling growth. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and ascorbate (Asc) were analyzed in relation to seed germinability and seedlings emergence in three species: Malus sylvestris L., Prunus avium L. and Prunus padus L. The effect of seed storage conditions on H2O2 levels appeared in germinated seeds after the third year of storage in each species. The H2O2 levels were negatively correlated with the germination and seedling emergence of P. avium seeds after three years of storage under all examined combinations. The emergence of P. padus seedlings was not linked to any of the stress markers tested. The P. padus seed biochemical traits were least altered by storage conditions, and the seeds produced tolerant seedlings of relatively high levels of H2O2 and TBARS. To cope with different H2O2 levels, TBARS levels, and Asc levels in seeds of three species varying storage conditions different molecular responses, i.e. repairing mechanisms, were applied during stratification to compensate for the storage conditions and, as a result, seeds remained viable and seedlings were successfully established.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paweł Chmielarz
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kórnik, Poland
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6
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Ebone LA, Caverzan A, Chavarria G. Physiologic alterations in orthodox seeds due to deterioration processes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 145:34-42. [PMID: 31665665 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Seed deterioration is a partially elucidated phenomenon that happen during the life of the seed. This review describes the processes that lead to seed deterioration, including loss of seed protection capacity against reactive oxygen species (ROS), damage to the plasma membrane, consumption of reserves, and damage to genetic material. A hypothesis of how seed deterioration occurs was also addressed; in this hypothesis, seed deterioration was divided into three phases. The first is the beginning of deterioration, with a slight reduction of vigor caused by the reactions of reducing sugars with antioxidant enzymes and genetic material. In the second, the cell shows oxidative damages, causing lipid peroxidation, which leads to the leaching of solutes, the formation of malondialdehyde, and, consequently, an increase in damages to genetic material. In the third phase, there is cell collapse with mitochondrial membrane deconstruction and a high accumulation of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and reducing sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Antônio Ebone
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Agronomy Post-Graduate Program, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Andréia Caverzan
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Agronomy Post-Graduate Program, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Geraldo Chavarria
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Agronomy Post-Graduate Program, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Wang W, He A, Peng S, Huang J, Cui K, Nie L. The Effect of Storage Condition and Duration on the Deterioration of Primed Rice Seeds. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:172. [PMID: 29487612 PMCID: PMC5816925 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Seed priming is a successful practice to improve crop establishment under adverse environment. However, reduced longevity of primed rice (Oryza sativa L.) seeds during storage limited the adoption of this technique. Present study investigated the effect of temperature, relative air humidity (RH) and oxygen on the longevity of primed rice seeds in a range of 60 days storage. In addition, the biochemical and morphological mechanisms associated with deterioration of primed seeds during storage were explored. Three types of priming treated rice seeds and one non-primed control were stored under (1) low temperature-vacuum (LT-V), (2) room temperature-vacuum (RT-V), (3) room temperature-aerobic-low RH (RT-A-LH) and (4) room temperature-aerobic- high RH (RT-A-HH) for 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 days. The results showed that storage of seeds under different conditions for 15-60 days did not influence the longevity of non-primed rice seeds. Meanwhile, the viability of primed rice seeds did not reduce when stored under LT-V, RT-V, and RT-A-LH, but was significantly reduced under RT-A-HH. Under vacuum condition, the increases of storage temperature (30°C) did not reduce the longevity of primed seeds. Likewise, the oxygen did not influence the longevity of primed rice seeds stored under low RH. Nevertheless, increase of RH significantly reduced the viability of primed seeds stored for 15-60 days. Reduced starch metabolism, the consumption of starch reserves in rice endosperms, the accumulation of malondialdehyde and the decreases of antioxidant enzyme activities might be associated with the deterioration of primed rice seeds during storage. In conclusion, storage of primed seeds under high RH condition beyond 15 days is deteriorative for germination and growth of rice. The primed rice seeds are recommended to store at vacuum or low RH or low temperature condition to ensure good crop establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqin Wang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Aibin He
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaobing Peng
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianliang Huang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kehui Cui
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lixiao Nie
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
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Yin G, Whelan J, Wu S, Zhou J, Chen B, Chen X, Zhang J, He J, Xin X, Lu X. Comprehensive Mitochondrial Metabolic Shift during the Critical Node of Seed Ageing in Rice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148013. [PMID: 27124767 PMCID: PMC4849721 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The critical node (CN) in seed aging in rice (Oryza sativa) is the transformation from Phase I (P-I) to Phase II (P-II) of the reverse S-shaped curve (RS-SC). Although mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role in seed ageing, the metabolic shift in the CN remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated the mitochondrial regulatory mechanisms during the CN of rice seed ageing. We showed that during the CN of seed ageing, the mitochondrial ultrastructure was impaired, causing oxygen consumption to decrease, along with cytochrome c (cyt c) oxidase and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activity. In addition, the transcript levels for the alternative pathway of the electron transport chain (ETC) were significantly induced, whereas the transcripts of the cytochrome oxidase (COX) pathway were inhibited. These changes were concomitant with the down-regulation of mitochondrial protein levels related to carbon and nitrogen metabolism, ATP synthase (ATPase) complex, tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) cycle, mitochondrial oxidative enzymes, and a variety of other proteins. Therefore, while these responses inhibit the production of ATP and its intermediates, signals from mitochondria (such as the decrease of cyt c and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)) may also induce oxidative damage. These events provide considerable information about the mitochondrial metabolic shifts involved in the progression of seed ageing in the CN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangkun Yin
- National Genebank, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - James Whelan
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Life Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Shuhua Wu
- National Genebank, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- National Genebank, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Baoyin Chen
- National Genebank, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- National Genebank, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jinmei Zhang
- National Genebank, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Juanjuan He
- National Genebank, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xia Xin
- National Genebank, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- * E-mail: (XL); (XX)
| | - Xinxiong Lu
- National Genebank, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- * E-mail: (XL); (XX)
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9
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Ibrahim EA. Seed priming to alleviate salinity stress in germinating seeds. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 192:38-46. [PMID: 26812088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses that affect crop production in arid and semiarid areas. Seed germination and seedling growth are the stages most sensitive to salinity. Salt stress causes adverse physiological and biochemical changes in germinating seeds. It can affect the seed germination and stand establishment through osmotic stress, ion-specific effects and oxidative stress. The salinity delays or prevents the seed germination through various factors, such as a reduction in water availability, changes in the mobilization of stored reserves and affecting the structural organization of proteins. Various techniques can improve emergence and stand establishment under salt conditions. One of the most frequently utilized is seed priming. The process of seed priming involves prior exposure to an abiotic stress, making a seed more resistant to future exposure. Seed priming stimulates the pre-germination metabolic processes and makes the seed ready for radicle protrusion. It increases the antioxidant system activity and the repair of membranes. These changes promote seed vigor during germination and emergence under salinity stress. The aim of this paper is to review the recent literature on the response of plants to seed priming under salinity stress. The mechanism of the effect of salinity on seed germination is discussed and the seed priming process is summarized. Physiological, biochemical and molecular changes induced by priming that lead to seed enhancement are covered. Plants' responses to some priming agents under salinity stress are reported based on the best available data. For a great number of crops, little information exists and further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab A Ibrahim
- Cross Pollinated Vegetable Crops Research Department, Horticulture Research Institute, 9 Cairo University St., Orman, Giza, Egypt.
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Birla DS, Malik K, Sainger M, Chaudhary D, Jaiwal R, Jaiwal PK. Progress and challenges in improving the nutritional quality of rice (Oryza sativaL.). Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015; 57:2455-2481. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1084992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Deep Shikha Birla
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Kapil Malik
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Manish Sainger
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Darshna Chaudhary
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Ranjana Jaiwal
- Department of Zoology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Pawan K. Jaiwal
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
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11
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Kalemba EM, Suszka J, Ratajczak E. The role of oxidative stress in determining the level of viability of black poplar (Populus nigra) seeds stored at different temperatures. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2015; 42:630-642. [PMID: 32480707 DOI: 10.1071/fp14336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Black poplar (Populus nigra L.) is one of the most threatened tree species in Europe since up to 99% of its natural habitat has disappeared. Black poplar seeds are characterised by short longevity. It was recently demonstrated that black poplar seeds can be successfully stored at -10°C, -20°C and -196°C for at least 2 years but not at higher temperatures. In the present study, the role of oxidative stress in determining the level of viability of black poplar seeds stored at -196°C, -20°C, -10°C, -3°C and 3°C for 3 months, 1 year and 2 years was monitored. The superoxide anion radicals (O2-•) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) increased during storage and had an impact on membrane integrity as determined by changes in the content of fatty acids and phospholipids and increases in electrolyte leakage. The level of non-enzymatic and enzymatic components of the ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle was also investigated. The level of O2-• was strongly correlated with the level of seed germination after 1 and 2 years of storage. This was accompanied by changes in the redox potential, as well as changes in the content of linoleic acid and phosphatydiloglycerol over the same period of time. In particular, the deleterious effect of H2O2 was observed after 2 years of storage when its accumulation was highly correlated with changes in the composition of fatty acids and phospholipids. Despite increased activity of AsA-GSH cycle enzymes, the level of reducing agents was insufficient and seeds exhibited large increases in the redox potential when stored at -3°C and still higher when stored at 3°C. Overall, the results of the study demonstrate that oxidative stress increases during seed storage, especially at the warmer temperatures and injures seed tissues; resulting in a loss of viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Marzena Kalemba
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland
| | - Jan Suszka
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland
| | - Ewelina Ratajczak
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland
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Ratajczak E, Małecka A, Bagniewska-Zadworna A, Kalemba EM. The production, localization and spreading of reactive oxygen species contributes to the low vitality of long-term stored common beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) seeds. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 174:147-56. [PMID: 25462977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The common beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is propagated by seeds, but the seed set is irregular with five to ten years in between crops. It is therefore necessary to store the seeds. However, beech seeds lose germinability during long-term storage. In this study, beech seeds were stored at -10°C under controlled conditions for 2, 5, 8, 11 and 13 years. Our results show that beech seeds lose germinability during storage in proportion to the duration of storage. The decrease in germinability correlated with increased electrolyte leakage and accumulation of superoxide anion radicals, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals. Furthermore, a strong positive correlation was observed among the releases of superoxide anion radicals, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals. In situ localization showed that superoxide anion radicals and hydrogen peroxide were first detectable in root cap cells. When the seed storage time was extended, the reactive oxygen species fluorescence expanded to more areas of the radicle, reaching the root apical meristem. A storage time-dependent decrease in catalase activity, observed in both embryonic axes and cotyledons, was also positively correlated with germinability. DNA fragmentation was observed in beech seeds during storage and occurred predominantly in embryonic axes stored for 5 years and more. Altogether, these results suggest that the loss of germinability in beech seeds during long-term storage depends on several factors, including strong of reactive oxygen species accumulation accompanied by reduced catalase activity as well as membrane injury and DNA alternations, which may be aging-related and ROS-derived. We suggest that the accumulating reactive oxygen species that spread to the root apical meristem are key factors that affect seed germinability after long-term storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Ratajczak
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland.
| | - Arleta Małecka
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Bagniewska-Zadworna
- Department of General Botany, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
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Xin X, Tian Q, Yin G, Chen X, Zhang J, Ng S, Lu X. Reduced mitochondrial and ascorbate-glutathione activity after artificial ageing in soybean seed. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 171:140-7. [PMID: 24331429 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2013.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The effect of artificial ageing on the relationship between mitochondrial activities and the antioxidant system was studied in soybean seeds (Glycine max L. cv. Zhongdou No. 27). Ageing seeds for 18d and 41d at 40°C reduced germination from 99% to 52% and 0%, respectively. In comparison to the control, malondialdehyde content and leachate conductivity in aged seeds increased and were associated with membrane damage. Transmission electron microscopy and Percoll density gradient centrifugation showed that aged seeds mainly contained poorly developed mitochondria in which respiration and marker enzymes activities were significantly reduced. Heavy mitochondria isolated from the interface of the 21% and 40% Percoll were analyzed. Mitochondrial antioxidant enzymes activities including superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, and dehydroascorbate reductase were significantly reduced in aged seeds. A decrease in total ascorbic acid (ASC) and glutathione (GSH) content as well as the reduced/oxidized ratio of ASC and GSH in mitochondria with prolonged ageing showed that artificial ageing reduced ASC-GSH cycle activity. These results suggested an elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in the aged seeds, which was confirmed by measurements of superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide levels. We conclude that mitochondrial dysfunction in artificially aged seeds is due to retarded mitochondrial and ASC-GSH cycle activity and elevated ROS accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Xin
- National Genebank, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qian Tian
- National Genebank, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Shandong Center of Crop Germplasm Resources, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Guangkun Yin
- National Genebank, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- National Genebank, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jinmei Zhang
- National Genebank, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Sophia Ng
- Joint Research Laboratory in Genomics and Nutriomics, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, WA, Australia
| | - Xinxiong Lu
- National Genebank, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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