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Kumar S, Vishwakarma H, Ghosh G, Singh J, Padaria JC. In planta transformation in wheat: an improved protocol to develop wheat transformants. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:407. [PMID: 38460010 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09333-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lack of efficient transformation protocol continues to be a major bottleneck for successful genome editing or transgenic development in wheat. An in planta transformation method was developed in Indian bread wheat in earlier study (Vasil et al. in Nat Biotechnol 10:667-674, 1992) which was labour-intensive and time-consuming. In the present study, in planta transformation method was improved to make it simple, efficient, less labour-intensive and time-saving. METHODS AND RESULTS PCR-based screening for generated transformants at T0 stage was introduced in this method. Shoot apical meristem of two days old wheat seedling was inoculated with the routine active culture of Agrobacterium tumefaciens harboring plasmid pCAMBIA1300-Ubi-GFP having gene GFP under the control of Zea mays ubiquitin promoter. PCR analysis at T0 stage confirmed 27 plants to be transgene positive. These 27 plants were only taken to the next generation (T1) and the rest were discarded. At T1 generation 6 plants were analyzed to be PCR positive. Out of them, 4 plants were confirmed to have stable integration of transgene (GFP). Fluorescent microscopy at T1 stage confirmed the 4 Southern hybridization positive plants to be expressing reporter gene GFP. CONCLUSIONS Screening at T0 stage, reduced the load of plants to be taken to T1 generation and their screening thereof at T1 with no overall loss in transformation efficiency. We successfully transformed wheat genotype HD2894 with 3.33% transformation efficiency using a simple, effective method which was less labour-intensive and less time-consuming. This method may be utilized to develop wheat transgenic as well as genome edited lines for desirable traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Kumar
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Harinder Vishwakarma
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Gourab Ghosh
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Jaskirat Singh
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
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Purwantoro A, Irsyadi MB, Sawitri WD, Fatumi NC, Fajrina SN. Efficient floral dip transformation method using Agrobacterium tumefaciens on Cosmos sulphureus Cav. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103702. [PMID: 37485451 PMCID: PMC10362457 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Yellow cosmos (Cosmos sulphureus Cav.) is a specific flowering plant and considered a suitable genetic engineering model. Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation is commonly used for plant genetic engineering. Floral dip transformation is one of the plant genetic transformation methods, and it involves dipping flower buds into an Agrobacterium suspension. Studies on floral dip transformation of yellow cosmos have never been reported. Therefore, an efficient method in plant genetic engineering must be established. This study developed an effective and efficient floral dip transformation method for yellow cosmos. In this study, flower buds with sizes of 5-7 mm were used. Several parameters have been observed to optimize the floral dip method. These parameters included the optical density (OD600) of Agrobacterium culture, concentration of surfactant, and duration of flower bud dipping into the Agrobacterium suspension. The results showed that the floral dip method was most efficient when the flower buds were dipped into Agrobacterium suspension with OD600 = 0.8 and containing 5% sucrose and 0.1% Silwet L-77 for 30 s. This method enhanced the transformation efficiency at a rate of 12.78 ± 1.53%. The neomycin phosphotransferase II and green fluorescent protein genes with sizes of 550 and 736 bp, respectively, were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. In addition, the transgenic plants were kanamycin resistant and fluorescent under ultraviolet light observation. This finding suggests that the proposed floral dip transformation provides new insights into efficient plant genetic engineering methods for yellow cosmos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Purwantoro
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Rd. Flora, Bulaksumur, Sleman 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Study Program of Master in Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Rd. Flora, Bulaksumur, Sleman 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Burhanuddin Irsyadi
- Study Program of Master in Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Rd. Flora, Bulaksumur, Sleman 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Widhi Dyah Sawitri
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Rd. Flora, Bulaksumur, Sleman 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Study Program of Master in Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Rd. Flora, Bulaksumur, Sleman 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nor Chamidah Fatumi
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Rd. Flora, Bulaksumur, Sleman 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Shania Nur Fajrina
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Rd. Flora, Bulaksumur, Sleman 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Pandey K, Karthik K, Singh SK, Vinod, Sreevathsa R, Srivastav M. Amenability of an Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated shoot apical meristem-targeted in planta transformation strategy in Mango ( Mangifera indica L.). GM CROPS & FOOD 2022; 13:342-354. [DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2022.2141014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Pandey
- Division of Fruits and Horticultural Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Kesiraju Karthik
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Lal Bahadur Shastri Building, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Singh
- Division of Fruits and Horticultural Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Vinod
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Rohini Sreevathsa
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Lal Bahadur Shastri Building, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Manish Srivastav
- Division of Fruits and Horticultural Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Bellido AM, Souza Canadá ED, Permingeat HR, Echenique V. Genetic Transformation of Apomictic Grasses: Progress and Constraints. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:768393. [PMID: 34804102 PMCID: PMC8602796 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.768393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The available methods for plant transformation and expansion beyond its limits remain especially critical for crop improvement. For grass species, this is even more critical, mainly due to drawbacks in in vitro regeneration. Despite the existence of many protocols in grasses to achieve genetic transformation through Agrobacterium or biolistic gene delivery, their efficiencies are genotype-dependent and still very low due to the recalcitrance of these species to in vitro regeneration. Many plant transformation facilities for cereals and other important crops may be found around the world in universities and enterprises, but this is not the case for apomictic species, many of which are C4 grasses. Moreover, apomixis (asexual reproduction by seeds) represents an additional constraint for breeding. However, the transformation of an apomictic clone is an attractive strategy, as the transgene is immediately fixed in a highly adapted genetic background, capable of large-scale clonal propagation. With the exception of some species like Brachiaria brizantha which is planted in approximately 100 M ha in Brazil, apomixis is almost non-present in economically important crops. However, as it is sometimes present in their wild relatives, the main goal is to transfer this trait to crops to fix heterosis. Until now this has been a difficult task, mainly because many aspects of apomixis are unknown. Over the last few years, many candidate genes have been identified and attempts have been made to characterize them functionally in Arabidopsis and rice. However, functional analysis in true apomictic species lags far behind, mainly due to the complexity of its genomes, of the trait itself, and the lack of efficient genetic transformation protocols. In this study, we review the current status of the in vitro culture and genetic transformation methods focusing on apomictic grasses, and the prospects for the application of new tools assayed in other related species, with two aims: to pave the way for discovering the molecular pathways involved in apomixis and to develop new capacities for breeding purposes because many of these grasses are important forage or biofuel resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés M. Bellido
- Departamento de Agronomía, Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS – CCT – CONICET Bahía Blanca), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | | | | | - Viviana Echenique
- Departamento de Agronomía, Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS – CCT – CONICET Bahía Blanca), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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Yassitepe JEDCT, da Silva VCH, Hernandes-Lopes J, Dante RA, Gerhardt IR, Fernandes FR, da Silva PA, Vieira LR, Bonatti V, Arruda P. Maize Transformation: From Plant Material to the Release of Genetically Modified and Edited Varieties. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:766702. [PMID: 34721493 PMCID: PMC8553389 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.766702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, advances in plant biotechnology have allowed the development of genetically modified maize varieties that have significantly impacted agricultural management and improved the grain yield worldwide. To date, genetically modified varieties represent 30% of the world's maize cultivated area and incorporate traits such as herbicide, insect and disease resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, high yield, and improved nutritional quality. Maize transformation, which is a prerequisite for genetically modified maize development, is no longer a major bottleneck. Protocols using morphogenic regulators have evolved significantly towards increasing transformation frequency and genotype independence. Emerging technologies using either stable or transient expression and tissue culture-independent methods, such as direct genome editing using RNA-guided endonuclease system as an in vivo desired-target mutator, simultaneous double haploid production and editing/haploid-inducer-mediated genome editing, and pollen transformation, are expected to lead significant progress in maize biotechnology. This review summarises the significant advances in maize transformation protocols, technologies, and applications and discusses the current status, including a pipeline for trait development and regulatory issues related to current and future genetically modified and genetically edited maize varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Erika de Carvalho Teixeira Yassitepe
- Embrapa Informática Agropecuária, Campinas, Brazil
- Genomics for Climate Change Research Center (GCCRC), Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Viviane Cristina Heinzen da Silva
- Genomics for Climate Change Research Center (GCCRC), Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - José Hernandes-Lopes
- Embrapa Informática Agropecuária, Campinas, Brazil
- Genomics for Climate Change Research Center (GCCRC), Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Augusto Dante
- Embrapa Informática Agropecuária, Campinas, Brazil
- Genomics for Climate Change Research Center (GCCRC), Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Isabel Rodrigues Gerhardt
- Embrapa Informática Agropecuária, Campinas, Brazil
- Genomics for Climate Change Research Center (GCCRC), Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Rausch Fernandes
- Embrapa Informática Agropecuária, Campinas, Brazil
- Genomics for Climate Change Research Center (GCCRC), Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Priscila Alves da Silva
- Genomics for Climate Change Research Center (GCCRC), Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Leticia Rios Vieira
- Genomics for Climate Change Research Center (GCCRC), Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Bonatti
- Genomics for Climate Change Research Center (GCCRC), Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Paulo Arruda
- Genomics for Climate Change Research Center (GCCRC), Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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Ahmar S, Mahmood T, Fiaz S, Mora-Poblete F, Shafique MS, Chattha MS, Jung KH. Advantage of Nanotechnology-Based Genome Editing System and Its Application in Crop Improvement. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:663849. [PMID: 34122485 PMCID: PMC8194497 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.663849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture is an important source of human food. However, current agricultural practices need modernizing and strengthening to fulfill the increasing food requirements of the growing worldwide population. Genome editing (GE) technology has been used to produce plants with improved yields and nutritional value as well as with higher resilience to herbicides, insects, and diseases. Several GE tools have been developed recently, including clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) with nucleases, a customizable and successful method. The main steps of the GE process involve introducing transgenes or CRISPR into plants via specific gene delivery systems. However, GE tools have certain limitations, including time-consuming and complicated protocols, potential tissue damage, DNA incorporation in the host genome, and low transformation efficiency. To overcome these issues, nanotechnology has emerged as a groundbreaking and modern technique. Nanoparticle-mediated gene delivery is superior to conventional biomolecular approaches because it enhances the transformation efficiency for both temporal (transient) and permanent (stable) genetic modifications in various plant species. However, with the discoveries of various advanced technologies, certain challenges in developing a short-term breeding strategy in plants remain. Thus, in this review, nanobased delivery systems and plant genetic engineering challenges are discussed in detail. Moreover, we have suggested an effective method to hasten crop improvement programs by combining current technologies, such as speed breeding and CRISPR/Cas, with nanotechnology. The overall aim of this review is to provide a detailed overview of nanotechnology-based CRISPR techniques for plant transformation and suggest applications for possible crop enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Ahmar
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Tahir Mahmood
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sajid Fiaz
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | - Ki-Hung Jung
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
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7
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Hamada H, Liu Y, Nagira Y, Miki R, Taoka N, Imai R. Biolistic-delivery-based transient CRISPR/Cas9 expression enables in planta genome editing in wheat. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14422. [PMID: 30258105 PMCID: PMC6158239 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32714-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The current application of genome editing to crop plants is limited to cultivars that are amenable to in vitro culture and regeneration. Here, we report an in planta genome-editing which does not require callus culture and regeneration. Shoot apical meristems (SAMs) contain a subepidermal cell layer, L2, from which germ cells later develop during floral organogenesis. The biolistic delivery of gold particles coated with plasmids expressing CRISPR/Cas9 components designed to target TaGASR7 were bombarded into SAM-exposed embryos of imbibed seeds. Bombarded embryos showing transient GFP expression within SAM were selected and grown into adult plants. Mutations in the target gene were assessed in fifth-leaf tissue by cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence analysis. Eleven (5.2%) of the 210 bombarded plants carried mutant alleles, and the mutations of three (1.4%) of these were inherited in the next generation. Genotype analysis of T1 plants identified plants homozygous for the three homeologous genes, which were all derived from one T0 plant. These plants showed no detectable integration of the Cas9 and guide RNA genes, indicating that transient expression of CRISPR/Cas9 introduced the mutations. Together, our current method can be used to achieve in planta genome editing in wheat using CRISPR/Cas9 and suggests possible applications to other recalcitrant plant species and variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruyasu Hamada
- Biotechnology Research Laboratories, KANEKA CORPORATION, Takasago, Japan
| | - Yuelin Liu
- Division of Applied Genetics, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Yozo Nagira
- Biotechnology Research Laboratories, KANEKA CORPORATION, Takasago, Japan
| | - Ryuji Miki
- Biotechnology Research Laboratories, KANEKA CORPORATION, Takasago, Japan
| | - Naoaki Taoka
- Biotechnology Research Laboratories, KANEKA CORPORATION, Takasago, Japan
| | - Ryozo Imai
- Division of Applied Genetics, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, 305-8602, Japan.
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Van Eck J. The Status of Setaria viridis Transformation: Agrobacterium-Mediated to Floral Dip. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:652. [PMID: 29887870 PMCID: PMC5981604 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Setaria viridis has many attributes, including small stature and simple growth requirements, that make it attractive as a model species for monocots. Genetic engineering (transformation) methodology is a key prerequisite for adoption of plant species as models. Various transformation approaches have been reported for S. viridis including tissue culture-based and in planta by Agrobacterium tumefaciens infection of floral organs referred to as the floral dip method. The tissue culture-based method utilizes A. tumefaciens infection of mature seed-derived callus with subsequent recovery of stable transgenic lines. Vectors found to be most effective contain the hygromycin phosphotransferase selectable marker gene driven by either Panicum virgatum or Zea mays ubiquitin promoters. As for the floral dip method, there are two reports based on Agrobacterium infection of young S. viridis inflorescences. Plants were allowed to mature, seeds were collected, and analysis of the progeny verified the presence of transgenes. Each transformation approach, tissue culture-based and floral dip, has advantages and disadvantages depending on the expertise of personnel and resources available. While the tissue culture-based method results in a higher transformation efficiency than floral dip, implementation requires a specific technical skillset that limits availability of experienced personnel to successfully perform transformations. Less technical experience is required for floral dip; however, a lack of high-quality growth chambers or greenhouses that provide the necessary optimum growing conditions would reduce an already low transformation efficiency or would not result in recovery of transgenic lines. An overview of transformation methods reported for S. viridis is presented in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Van Eck
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY, United States
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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Yew CL, Kakui H, Shimizu KK. Agrobacterium-mediated floral dip transformation of the model polyploid species Arabidopsis kamchatica. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2018; 131:349-358. [PMID: 29032409 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-017-0982-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Polyploidization has played an important role in the speciation and diversification of plant species. However, genetic analyses of polyploids are challenging because the vast majority of the model species are diploids. The allotetraploid Arabidopsis kamchatica, which originated through the hybridization of the diploid Arabidopsis halleri and Arabidopsis lyrata, is an emerging model system for studying various aspects of polyploidy. However, a transgenic method that allows the insertion of a gene of interest into A. kamchatica is still lacking. In this study, we investigated the early development of pistils in A. kamchatica and confirmed the formation of open pistils in young flower buds (stages 8-9), which is important for allowing Agrobacterium to access female reproductive tissues. We established a simple Agrobacterium-mediated floral dip transformation method to transform a gene of interest into A. kamchatica by dipping A. kamchatica inflorescences bearing many young flower buds into a 5% sucrose solution containing 0.05% Silwet L-77 and Agrobacterium harboring the gene of interest. We showed that a screenable marker comprising fluorescence-accumulating seed technology with green fluorescent protein was useful for screening the transgenic seeds of two accessions of A. kamchatica subsp. kamchatica and an accession of A. kamchatica subsp. kawasakiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chow-Lih Yew
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hiroyuki Kakui
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, 641-12 Maioka, Totsuka-ward, Yokohama, 244-0813, Japan
| | - Kentaro K Shimizu
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, 641-12 Maioka, Totsuka-ward, Yokohama, 244-0813, Japan.
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An in planta biolistic method for stable wheat transformation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11443. [PMID: 28904403 PMCID: PMC5597576 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11936-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The currently favoured method for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) transformation is inapplicable to many elite cultivars because it requires callus culture and regeneration. Here, we developed a simple, reproducible, in planta wheat transformation method using biolistic DNA delivery without callus culture or regeneration. Shoot apical meristems (SAMs) grown from dry imbibed seeds were exposed under a microscope and subjected to bombardment with different-sized gold particles coated with the GFP gene construct, introducing DNA into the L2 cell layer. Bombarded embryos were grown to mature, stably transformed T0 plants and integration of the GFP gene into the genome was determined at the fifth leaf. Use of 0.6-µm particles and 1350-psi pressure resulted in dramatically increased maximum ratios of transient GFP expression in SAMs and transgene integration in the fifth leaf. The transgene was integrated into the germ cells of 62% of transformants, and was therefore inherited in the next generation. We successfully transformed the model wheat cultivar ‘Fielder’, as well as the recalcitrant Japanese elite cultivar ‘Haruyokoi’. Our method could potentially be used to generate stable transgenic lines for a wide range of commercial wheat cultivars.
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Ratanasut K, Rod-In W, Sujipuli K. In planta Agrobacterium -Mediated Transformation of Rice. RICE SCIENCE 2017; 24:181-186. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1016/j.rsci.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
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12
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Saha P, Blumwald E. Spike-dip transformation of Setaria viridis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 86:89-101. [PMID: 26932666 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Traditional method of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation through the generation of tissue culture had limited success for Setaria viridis, an emerging C4 monocot model. Here we present an efficient in planta method for Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of S. viridis using spike dip. Pre-anthesis developing spikes were dipped into a solution of Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain AGL1 harboring the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S (CaMV35S) promoter to standardize and optimize conditions for transient as well as stable transformations. A transformation efficiency of 0.8 ± 0.1% was obtained after dipping of 5-day-old S3 spikes for 20 min in Agrobacterium cultures containing S. viridis spike-dip medium supplemented with 0.025% Silwet L-77 and 200 μm acetosyringone. Reproducibility of this method was demonstrated by generating stable transgenic lines expressing β-glucuronidase plus (GUSplus), green fluorescent protein (GFP) and Discosoma sp. red fluorescent protein (DsRed) reporter genes driven by either CaMV35S or intron-interrupted maize ubiquitin (Ubi) promoters from three S. viridis genotypes. Expression of these reporter genes in transient assays as well as in T1 stable transformed plants was monitored using histochemical, fluorometric GUS activity and fluorescence microscopy. Molecular analysis of transgenic lines revealed stable integration of transgenes into the genome, and inherited transgenes expressed in the subsequent generations. This approach provides opportunities for the high-throughput transformation and potentially facilitates translational research in a monocot model plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasenjit Saha
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Eduardo Blumwald
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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