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Gebrehiwot H, Ensermu U, Dekebo A, Endale M, Nefo Duke T. In Vitro Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities, Pharmacokinetics, and In Silico Molecular Docking Study of Phytochemicals from the Roots of Ziziphus spina-christi. Biochem Res Int 2024; 2024:7551813. [PMID: 39263680 PMCID: PMC11390196 DOI: 10.1155/2024/7551813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Ziziphus spina-christi (Rhamnaceae family) is a medicinal plant traditionally used to treat dandruff, wounds, hair loss, diarrhea, mastitis, abdominal pain, and gastrointestinal complications. To support this, the present work aims to study the in vitro antibacterial and antioxidant activities of compound isolates from the roots of Ziziphus spina-christi along with their in silico computational analyses. Compounds were isolated on silica gel column chromatography and an agar disc diffusion and DPPH radical scavenging assays were employed to study the antibacterial and antioxidant activities, respectively. The ADME and toxicity properties of the compounds were evaluated using SwissADME and ProTox-II online Web tools, respectively. Conversely, the in silico molecular docking studies were attained via a Biovia Discovery Studio Visualizer 2021 in combination with the AutoDock Vina software. The silica gel chromatographic separation of the combined CH2Cl2 : CH3OH (1 : 1) and CH3OH root extracts afforded trimethyl trilinolein (1), stearic acid (2), 13-hydroxyoctadeca-9, 11-dienoic acid (3), β-sitosteryl-3β-glucopyranoside-6'-O-palmitate (4), and stigmasterol (5). Notably, the in vitro antibacterial study revealed the extract and β-sitosteryl-3β-glucopyranoside-6'-O-palmitate (4) with the highest inhibitory activities (15.25 ± 0.35 and 14.25 ± 0.35 mm, respectively) against E. coli compared to ciprofloxacin (21.00 ± 0.35 mm) at 2 mg/mL. The CH2Cl2 : CH3OH (1 : 1) extract (IC50 : 1.51 µg/mL) and β-sitosteryl-3β-glucopyranoside-6'-O-palmitate (4) (IC50 : 5.41 µg/mL) also exhibited auspicious DPPH scavenging activities, followed by stigmasterol (5) (IC50 : 6.88 µg/mL) compared to the ascorbic acid standard (IC50 : 0.46 µg/mL). The molecular docking analyses unveiled the highest binding affinity by β-sitosteryl-3β-glucopyranoside-6'-O-palmitate (4) (-8.0 kcal/mol) against P. aeruginosa PqsA relative to the ciprofloxacin standard (-8.2 kcal/mol). Furthermore, the organ toxicity predictions showed that all the compounds exhibit no hepatotoxicity and cytotoxicity effects and stigmasterol (5) affords drug-likeness protocols. Overall, the combined experimental and computational investigations of this study support the traditional uses of Ziziphus spina-christi for antibacterial and natural antioxidant applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadush Gebrehiwot
- Department of Applied Chemistry Adama Science and Technology University, P.O. Box 1888, Adama, Ethiopia
| | - Urgessa Ensermu
- Department of Applied Biology Adama Science and Technology University, P.O. Box 1888, Adama, Ethiopia
| | - Aman Dekebo
- Department of Applied Chemistry Adama Science and Technology University, P.O. Box 1888, Adama, Ethiopia
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Adama Science and Technology University, P.O. Box 1888, Adama, Ethiopia
| | - Milkyas Endale
- Traditional and Modern Medicine Research and Development Directorate Armauer Hansen Research Institute, P.O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tariku Nefo Duke
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 43, Keelung Rd., Sec. 4, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
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Elhady SS, Goda MS, Mehanna ET, El-Sayed NM, Hazem RM, Elfaky MA, Almalki AJ, Mohamed MS, Abdelhameed RFA. Ziziphus spina-christi L. extract attenuates bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in mice via regulating TGF-β1/SMAD pathway: LC-MS/MS Metabolic profiling, chemical composition, and histology studies. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116823. [PMID: 38834008 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Ancient Egyptians (including Bedouins and Nubians) have long utilized Ziziphus spina-christi (L.), a traditional Arabian medicinal herb, to alleviate swellings and inflammatory disorders. It is also mentioned in Christian and Muslim traditions. Ziziphus spina-christi L. (Family: Rhamnaceae) is a plentiful source of polyphenols, revealing free radical scavenging, antioxidant, metal chelating, cytotoxic, and anti-inflammatory activities. Herein, different classes of the existing bioactive metabolites in Z. spina-christi L. were detected using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the first time. The study also aimed to assess the anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic properties of Z. spina-christi L. extract against bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in an experimental mouse model. 32 male Swiss Albino mice were assigned into 4 groups; the first and second were the normal control group and the bleomycin positive control (single 2.5 U/kg bleomycin intratracheal dose). The third and fourth groups received 100 and 200 mg/kg/day Z. spina-christi L. extract orally for 3 weeks, 2 weeks before bleomycin, and 1 week after. The bioactive metabolites in Z. spina-christi L. extract were identified as phenolic acids, catechins, flavonoids, chalcones, stilbenes, triterpenoid acids, saponins, and sterols. The contents of total phenolic compounds and flavonoids were found to be 196.62 mg GAE/gm and 33.29 mg QE/gm, respectively. In the experimental study, histopathological examination revealed that lung fibrosis was attenuated in both Z. spina-christi L.- treated groups. Z. spina-christi L. extract downregulated the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 and decreased levels of the inflammatory markers tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in lung tissue. Z. spina-christi L. also downregulated the expression of the fibrotic parameters collagen-1, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and SMAD3, with upregulation of the antifibrotic SMAD7 in lung tissue. Overall, the present study suggests a potential protective effect of Z. spina-christi L. extract against bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis through regulation of the TGF-β1/SMAD pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh S Elhady
- King Abdulaziz University Herbarium, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwa S Goda
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Eman T Mehanna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Norhan M El-Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Reem M Hazem
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Elfaky
- Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Centre for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad J Almalki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Malik Suliman Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Khartoum University, Khartoum 11111, Sudan
| | - Reda F A Abdelhameed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, New Galala 43713, Egypt.
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El-Kholy KH, El-Din HT, Tawfeek FA, Tufarelli V, Losacco C, Alhotan RA, Shafi ME, Korish MA, Attia YA, Hassab SHM. Performance, blood and antioxidant status in dual-purpose laying hens supplemented with aqueous extract of Christ's thorn jujube (Ziziphus spina-christi L.) leaves as phytogenic agent in subtropical conditions. Anim Biosci 2024; 37:896-907. [PMID: 38228130 PMCID: PMC11065718 DOI: 10.5713/ab.23.0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The potential of aqueous extract of Christ's thorn jujube (Ziziphus spina-christi) leaves (SLAE) to reduce the negative impacts of heat stress on production performance and physiological traits was investigated in dual-purpose layers under subtropical farming. METHODS A total of 200, 25-week-old laying hens (Inshas strain) were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments including SLAE at 0, 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 mL/kg, respectively. The average temperature-humidity index value was 26.69 during the experimental period. The SLAE contained saponin (0.045%), total flavonoid content of 17.9 mg of quercetin equivalent/ 100 g and overall antioxidant capacity concentration of 17.9 mg of ascorbic acid equivalent/100 g. RESULTS The maximum final body weight (BW), BW gain, egg weight, number, and mass occurred at the level of SLAE7.5 inclusion. The egg quality was significantly higher in SLAE groups than in control, and overall, SLAE7.5 had the most favorable influence at 28 and 32 weeks. Liver and kidney function, as well as lipids profile, improved significantly by SLAE inclusion; the lowest concentrations of these parameters were in SLAE7.5 hens. Treatment with SLAE7.5 increased total antioxidant capacity and endogenous antioxidant enzymes compared to control, whereas no effect on superoxide dismutase was noticed. CONCLUSION The addition of SLAE at 7.5 mL/kg diet improved egg laying performance and quality, metabolic profiles, and antioxidant status during hyperthermia conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled H. El-Kholy
- Animal, Poultry and Fish Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta 34511,
Egypt
| | - Hasan Tag El-Din
- Animal, Poultry and Fish Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta 34511,
Egypt
| | - Found A. Tawfeek
- Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Giza Governorate 12618,
Egypt
| | - Vincenzo Tufarelli
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area (DiMePRe-J), Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Bari 70010,
Italy
| | - Caterina Losacco
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area (DiMePRe-J), Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Bari 70010,
Italy
| | - Rashed A. Alhotan
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451,
Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal E. Shafi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589,
Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Korish
- Agriculture Department, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589,
Saudi Arabia
| | - Youssef A. Attia
- Agriculture Department, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589,
Saudi Arabia
- Animal and Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22713,
Egypt
| | - Sara H. M. Hassab
- Animal, Poultry and Fish Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta 34511,
Egypt
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Effects of Fermented Camel Milk Supplemented with Sidr Fruit (Ziziphus spina-christi L.) Pulp on Hyperglycemia in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8060269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the most common chronic metabolic diseases, and its occurrence rate has increased in recent decades. Sidr (Ziziphus spina-christi L.) is a traditional herbaceous medicinal plant. In addition to its good flavor, sidr has antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, sedative, analgesic, and hypoglycemic activities. Camel milk has a high nutritional and health value, but its salty taste remains the main drawback in relation to its organoleptic properties. The production of flavored or fortified camel milk products to mask the salty taste can be very beneficial. This study aimed to investigate the effects of sidr fruit pulp (SFP) on the functional and nutritional properties of fermented camel milk. SFP was added to camel milk at rates of 5%, 10%, and 15%, followed by the selection of the best-fermented product in terms of functional and nutritional properties (camel milk supplemented with 15% SFP), and an evaluation of its hypoglycemic activity in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Thirty-two male adult albino rats (weighing 150–185 g) were divided into four groups: Group 1, nontreated nondiabetic rats (negative control); Group 2, diabetic rats given STZ (60 mg/kg body weight; positive control); Group 3, diabetic rats fed a basal diet with fermented camel milk (10 g/day); and Group 4, diabetic rats fed a basal diet with fermented camel milk supplemented with 15% SFP (10 g/day). The results revealed that supplementation of camel milk with SFP increased its total solids, protein, ash, fiber, viscosity, phenolic content, and antioxidant activity, which was proportional to the supplementation ratio. Fermented camel milk supplemented with 15% SFP had the highest scores for sensory properties compared to other treatments. Fermented camel milk supplemented with 15% SFP showed significantly decreased (p < 0.05) blood glucose, malondialdehyde, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, cholesterol, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatinine, and urea, and a significantly increased (p < 0.05) high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, total protein content, and albumin compared to diabetic rats. The administration of fermented camel milk supplemented with 15% SFP in diabetic rats restored a series of histopathological changes alonsgside an improvement in various enzyme and liver function tests compared to the untreated group, indicating that fermented camel milk supplemented with 15% SFP might play a preventive role in such patients.
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Abdulrahman MD, Zakariya AM, Hama HA, Hamad SW, Al-Rawi SS, Bradosty SW, Ibrahim AH. Ethnopharmacology, Biological Evaluation, and Chemical Composition of Ziziphus spina- christi (L.) Desf.: A Review. Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci 2022; 2022:4495688. [PMID: 35677711 PMCID: PMC9168210 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4495688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants are the primary raw materials used in the production of medicinal products all over the world. As a result, more study on plants with therapeutic potential is required. The tropical tree Ziziphus spina belongs to the Rhamnaceae family. Biological reports and traditional applications including management of diabetes and treatment of malaria, digestive issues, typhoid, liver complaints, weakness, skin infections, urinary disorders, obesity, diarrhoea, and sleeplessness have all been treated with different parts of Z. spina all over the globe. The plant is identified as a rich source of diverse chemical compounds. This study is a comprehensive yet detailed review of Z. spina based on major findings from around the world regarding ethnopharmacology, biological evaluation, and chemical composition. Scopus, Web of Science, BioMed Central, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Springer Link, and Google Scholar were searched to find published articles. From the 186 research articles reviewed, we revealed the leaf extract to be significant against free radicals, microbes, parasites, inflammation-related cases, obesity, and cancer. Chemically, polyphenols/flavonoids were the most reported compounds with a composition of 66 compounds out of the total 193 compounds reported from different parts of the plant. However, the safety and efficacy of Z. spina have not been wholly assessed in humans, and further well-designed clinical trials are needed to corroborate preclinical findings. The mechanism of action of the leaf extract should be examined. The standard dose and safety of the leaf should be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Dogara Abdulrahman
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, Tishk International University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Ali Muhammad Zakariya
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sule Lamido University Kafin Hausa, Jigawa State, Nigeria
| | - Harmand A. Hama
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, Tishk International University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Saber W. Hamad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, Tishk International University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
- Department of Field Crops, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Sawsan S. Al-Rawi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, Tishk International University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Sarwan W. Bradosty
- Department of Community Health, College of Health Technology, Cihan University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Ahmad H. Ibrahim
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishk International University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
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Comparative Study on Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Properties (GraphPad Prism Approach) of Wild Ethiopian Z. spina-christi and Indian Z. jujube Fruit Species. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-022-02274-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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El-Maksoud AAA, Makhlouf AIA, Altemimi AB, El-Ghany IHA, Nassrallah A, Cacciola F, Abedelmaksoud TG. Nano Milk Protein-Mucilage Complexes: Characterization and Anticancer Effect. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216372. [PMID: 34770781 PMCID: PMC8588565 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The anticancer activity of natural compounds has recently attracted multidisciplinary research. In this study, the complexation of milk proteins (MP) with Isabgol husk mucilage (IHM) and Ziziphus spina-christi mucilage (NabM) was investigated. In this context, the physicochemical properties of milk protein mucilage complexes (MPMC) including pH, Carr's index, water solubility, and water absorption indices were measured, and the flow behavior was studied. In addition, the amino acid profile, protein digestibility, and phenolic and flavonoids content of MPMC were explored, and the microstructure of the complexes was visualized using transmission electron microscopy. The antioxidant and anticancer potencies of MPMC against two cancerous cell lines, human liver cancer HEPG-2 and breast cancer MCF-7, in comparison with two normal cell lines, namely, Bj-1 and MCF-12F, were tested using neutral red uptake assay. The results revealed that MPMC had scavenging activity against DPPH, ABTS, and HS radicals. Moreover, MPMC has the potential to prevent DNA damage induced by oxidative stress in Type-Fenton's reaction. The results of the neutral red assay showed significant growth inhibition of both HEPG-2, MCF-7, whereas no significant cytotoxic effect was detected against Bj-1 and MCF-12F. RT-qPCR results indicated MPMC stimulated apoptosis as revealed by the upregulation of the pro-apoptosis gene markers Casepase-3, p53, Bax. Meanwhile, the anti-apoptosis Bcl-2 gene was downregulated. However, no significant difference was observed in normal cell lines treated with MPMC. In conclusion, MPMC can be considered as a promising anticancer entity that can be used in the development of novel cancer therapeutics with comparable activity and minimal side effects compared to conventional cancer chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ali Abd El-Maksoud
- Dairy Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
- Correspondence: (A.A.A.E.-M.); (F.C.)
| | - Amal I. A. Makhlouf
- Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 12411, Egypt;
| | - Ammar B. Altemimi
- Food Science Department, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah 61004, Iraq;
| | | | - Amr Nassrallah
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
| | - Francesco Cacciola
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.A.A.E.-M.); (F.C.)
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El Maaiden E, El Kharrassi Y, Qarah NAS, Essamadi AK, Moustaid K, Nasser B. Genus Ziziphus: A comprehensive review on ethnopharmacological, phytochemical and pharmacological properties. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 259:112950. [PMID: 32450235 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The genus Ziziphus (Rhamnaceae) contains 58 accepted species that are extensively used by local people and medicinal practitioners in arid and semi-arid regions for the treatment of diarrhoea, dysentery, cholera, diabetic, hypertension, inflammation, intestinal spasm, liver, malaria and other diseases. Aims of this review: This review article documents and critically assesses, for the first time; up to date categorized information about botanical traits, distribution, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological and toxicological effects of Ziziphus species. METHODS Information was collected systematically from electronic scientific databases including Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, Web of Science, ACS Publications, Elsevier, SciFinder, Wiley Online Library and CNKI, as well as other literature sources (e.g., books). KEY FINDINGS The phytochemical investigations of plants of this genus have led to the identification of about 431 chemical constituents. Cyclopeptide alkaloids and flavonoids are the predominant groups. The crude extracts and isolated compounds exhibit a wide range of in vitro and in vivo pharmacologic effects, including antimicrobial, antitumour, antidiabetic, antidiarrhoeal, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities. Toxicity studies indicate that Ziziphus species seems to be non-toxic at typical therapeutic doses. CONCLUSION Phytochemical and pharmacological studies have demonstrated that Ziziphus species are important medicinal herbs with prominent bioactivities. The focus so far has only been on ten species; however, plants of this genus can potentially yield a wide range of other products with different properties. Meticulous studies on pharmaceutical standardisation, mode of action of the active constituents and toxicity of Ziziphus species are needed to meet the growing demands of the pharmaceutical industry and to exploit their preventive and therapeutic potential fully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezzouhra El Maaiden
- Department of Biology, University of Hassan I, BP 577, 26000, Settat, Morocco; Department of Chemistry, University of Hassan I, BP 577, 26000, Settat, Morocco
| | | | - Nagib A S Qarah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education- Zabid, Hodeidah University, Hodeidah, Yemen
| | | | - Khadija Moustaid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hassan I, BP 577, 26000, Settat, Morocco
| | - Boubker Nasser
- Department of Biology, University of Hassan I, BP 577, 26000, Settat, Morocco.
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Aya K, M'hamed T. Chemical compounds, antioxidant activity, and in vitro and in silico litholytic effects of Zizyphus lotus extracts. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 31:/j/jbcpp.ahead-of-print/jbcpp-2019-0091/jbcpp-2019-0091.xml. [PMID: 32229663 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2019-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity and to determine the chemical compounds of organic extracts of fruits and leaves of Zizyphus lotus. The litholytic effect was determined on the basis of the in vitro effect of the aqueous extracts on the formation of crystals of stones. Finally, chemical compounds were investigated to identify their target using an in silico approach. Methods The antioxidant activity was determined with the diphenylpicrylhydrazyl radical trapping method. An aliquot of 2 mL of urine and 100 μL of an infusion of fruit and leaf aqueous extract of Z. lotus at different concentrations were used. The induction of calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals was done by the addition of oxalic acid at 0.1 mol/L. The effect of aqueous extracts was compared with two inhibitors (citrate and magnesium) used as references. In silico modelization was carried out using SwissTargetPrediction. Results The antioxidant activity test showed that the methanol extract was active with an IC50 of 5 mg/mL. The aqueous extracts of fruits and leaves inhibit the formation of crystals of CaOx. Then, the composition of the methanol extracts of the leaves and fruits in high-performance liquid chromatography showed majority compounds such as quercetin-3-galactoside and hyperin. In silico assays showed that the identified molecules exert their effect by targeting enzymes responsible for calcium regulation, urate regulation, and maintenance of acid-base balance, and that had anti-inflammatory properties. Conclusions The present study showed that Z. lotus may be considered as a functional or nutraceutical food. However, further studies should be carried out in order to extract and purify these compounds to test their effect on urinary lithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khouchlaa Aya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mohammed V University Rabat, 67, Bd My Abdelhafid, Rabat, El Jadida, Morocco, Phone: 00212674158222
| | - Tijane M'hamed
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mohammed V University Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
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El-Maksoud AAA, Korany RMS, El-Ghany IHA, El-Beltagi HS, Ambrósio F de Gouveia GM. Dietary solutions to dyslipidemia: Milk protein-polysaccharide conjugates as liver biochemical enhancers. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13142. [PMID: 31905423 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Protein-polysaccharide interactions have been a focus of scientific attention. This study aimed to improve the antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of buffalo total milk proteins and whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) through noncovalent interactions with Psyllium husk (ispaghula) mucilage (PHM) and Nabq mucilage (NabM). Chemical composition, phenolic content, and antioxidant activities of milk protein-mucilage complexes were explored. The effects of resulting complexes on liver function, hyperlipidemia, and histopathology of the liver in rats fed high-fat diet (HFD) were investigated. The results showed that the complexes exerted significant effect on normalizing tested parameters; WPH-NabM had the most significantly decreased level of malondialdehyde content and the liver histopathological examination proved an improvement in all groups fed with these complexes. These complexes can be used as functional protection elements against the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: PHM, NabM, and their complexes with milk proteins were proved to improve liver function, enhancing most of its measurable parameters and also diminishing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Mice with HFD achieved better health circumstances by combining these ingredients in their diet. Knowing how much these diseases proliferate in the western world and its correlation with high-fat consumption and modern lifestyle, its conjugation with PHM/NabM-MP complexes may reduce the negative impact of unhealthy food intake and, on some parameters, even improving the whole liver function. For that reason, the present study supports and pushes forward the dissemination and consumption of ispaghula or Nabq (the polysaccharides sources) or supplements originating from them. Although many interactions concerning milk proteins have already been analyzed, our study also proposes the interaction with bioactive polysaccharides as useful, opening a field of research aimed at the better application of milk proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reda M S Korany
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Hossam S El-Beltagi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Science, King Faisal University, Alhassa, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Gustavo M Ambrósio F de Gouveia
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Ziziphus spina-christi Leaf Extract Suppressed Mercury Chloride-Induced Nephrotoxicity via Nrf2-Antioxidant Pathway Activation and Inhibition of Inflammatory and Apoptotic Signaling. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:5634685. [PMID: 31827681 PMCID: PMC6881572 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5634685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to heavy metals, including mercury chloride (HgCl2), is associated with severe health problems. This study was designed to investigate HgCl2-induced nephrotoxicity and evaluate the protective role of Ziziphus spina-christi leaf extract (ZSCLE). Four randomly selected groups containing seven rats were used. For a period of 28 days, the control group was administered 0.9% saline solution; the second group was administered 300 mg/kg ZSCLE; the third group was administered 0.4 mg/kg HgCl2 dissolved in 0.9% physiological saline solution; and the fourth group was administered an oral supplement of 300 mg/kg ZSCLE one hour after HgCl2 administration. HgCl2 intoxication resulted in Hg accumulation in renal tissue; decreases in body weight, kidney index, and glutathione content and superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase activities; increases in creatinine, urea, Kim-1 expression, lipid peroxidation, and nitric oxide production; suppression of the Nrf2-antioxidant response pathway; upregulation of Il1β, Tnfα, and Nos2; and potentiation of proapoptotic activity. ZSCLE exerted beneficial effects against mercury-induced renal toxicity and significantly reversed these alterations to near normal values. These effects resulted from its chelation and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic activities. ZSCLE may prevent or minimize the pathological changes induced by mercury in the kidney.
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Singh V, Al-Malki F, Sadat Ali M, Sheikha SI, Fletcher P, Guizani N, Al-Saidi O, Al-Hanaai R, Al-bahri R, Al-Ghdani S, Hasan SS, Shah HH. Rhus aucheri Boiss, an Omani herbal medicine: Identification and in-vitro antioxidant and antibacterial potentials of its leaves' extracts. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjbas.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Alhakmani F, Khan SA, Ahmad A. Determination of total phenol, in-vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of seeds and fruits of Zizyphus spina-christi grown in Oman. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2014. [DOI: 10.12980/apjtb.4.2014apjtb-2014-0273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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