1
|
Hamza A, Mylarapu A, Krishna KV, Kumar DS. An insight into the nutritional and medicinal value of edible mushrooms: A natural treasury for human health. J Biotechnol 2024; 381:86-99. [PMID: 38181980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2023.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Edible mushrooms have been cherished worldwide because of their nutraceutical and medicinal properties. They are recognized as the new superfood for the future due to their low-calorie content, high-protein content, low lipid levels, low cholesterol levels, and abundance of essential vitamins. The fruiting body of edible mushrooms contains a plethora of primary and secondary metabolites. However, submerged cultivation is a more reliable and controlled way of production of mycelium biomass and many bioactive compounds. Several bioactive metabolites present in mushrooms possess a range of beneficial properties, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral and anti-COVID-19 activities. Consumers have turned more intrigued in mushroom-containing products as the world needs to diversify its protein sources to meet the growing demand for protein. In this context, mushrooms are viewed as a promising source of bioactive chemicals that can be employed as an alternative to meat products. This review aims to summarise the most recent data regarding the beneficial health effects and the development of mushroom-based food products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arman Hamza
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ankit Mylarapu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Vijay Krishna
- Department of Computer Science, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Devarai Santhosh Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Toumi ME, Kebaili FF, Rebai R, Derardja I, Toumi M, Calogero GS, Perduca M, Necib Y. Purification and Biochemical Characterization of Novel Galectin from the Black Poplar Medicinal Mushroom Cyclocybe cylindracea (Agaricomycetes) Strain MEST42 from Algeria. Int J Med Mushrooms 2024; 26:57-70. [PMID: 38421696 DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2023051925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
In the present study, a new galectin designated Cyclocybe cylindracea lectin (CCL) was extracted from the fruiting bodies of the wild black popular mushroom C. cylindracea grown in Algeria. The protein was isolated using sepharose 4B as affinity chromatography matrix, and galactose as elutant. The purified galectin was composed of two subunits of 17.873 kDa each, with a total molecular mass of 35.6 kDa. Its agglutinant activity was impeded by galactose and its derivatives, as well as melibiose. Lactose showed the highest affinity, with a minimal inhibitory concentration of 0.0781 mM. CCL was sensitive to extreme pH conditions, and its binding function decreased when incubated with 10 mM EDTA, and it could be restored by metallic cations such as Ca2+, Mg2+, and Zn2+. CCL agglutinated human red blood cells, without any discernible specificity. Circular dichroism spectra demonstrated that its secondary structure contained β-sheet as dominant fold. In addition, bioinformatics investigation on their peptide fingerprint obtained after MALDI-TOF/TOF ionization using mascot software confirmed that CCL was not like any previous purified lectin from mushroom: instead, it possessed an amino acid composition with high similarity to that of the putative urea carboxylase of Emericella nidulans (strain FGSC A4/ATCC 38163/CBS 112.46/NRRL 194/M139) with 44% of similarity score.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Esseddik Toumi
- Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering and Application.Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology
| | - Fethi Farouk Kebaili
- Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering and Application, Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology Department, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Mentouri Brothers Constantine 1, Constantine 25017, Algeria
| | - Redouane Rebai
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, National Higher School of Biotechnology, Toufik Khaznadar, Universitary Town, Ali Mendjeli, BP E66 25100, Constantine, Algeria; University of Mohamed Kheider, Biskra, Algeria
| | | | - Mouad Toumi
- Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering and Application, Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology Department, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Mentouri Brothers Constantine 1, Constantine 25017, Algeria
| | - Gaglio Salvatore Calogero
- Biocrystallography and Nanostructure Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Perduca
- Biocrystallography and Nanostructures Laboratory Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Cà Vignal 1, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Youcef Necib
- Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering and Application, Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology Department, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Mentouri Brothers Constantine 1, Constantine 25017, Algeria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ghosh S, Basak G, Saha R, Acharya K. Bioactivity Profiling of Infusion, Decoction, and Hydroalcoholic Fraction Obtained from Wild Golden Chanterelle Mushroom, Cantharellus cibarius (Agaricomycetes). Int J Med Mushrooms 2023; 25:23-33. [PMID: 36749054 DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2022046751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cantharellus cibarius Fr. is one of the most desirable, popularly known wild edible mushrooms of the genus Cantharellus. Besides having nutritional benefits, this mushroom is reported to harbor significant medicinal potential. In present study, we describe for the first-time bioactive metabolites content and medicinal activities of three different types of extracts including infusion, decoction, and hydroalcoholic fraction from wild Cantharellus cibarius of West Bengal. Bioactive metabolites quantification revealed the phenol and flavonoids present in the range between 0.56-1.46 mg of GAE/g of dried fruit bodies and 0.12-0.29 mg of QE/g of dried fruit bodies, respectively, whereas ascorbic acid contents were also found. Antioxidant activity was assessed using six in vitro systems; decoction displayed better results in all investigated assays with EC50 values ranging between 0.05 and 0.34 mg/ml whereas hydroalcoholic extract showed highest total antioxidant capacity (18 ± 1.61 μg AAE per mg of extract) than other extracts. Moreover, infusion and decoction were found to scavenge highly reactive free radicals like hydroxyl and nitric oxide with their EC50 values ranging between 0.26 and 0.91 mg/ml. Additionally, anti-inflammatory potential of the extracts was evaluated using protein denaturation assay. Hydroalcoholic extract at a concentration range of 0.005-0.1 mg/ml showed comparatively better activity than decoction and infusion, although all the extracts presented dose dependent inhibition of heat induced protein denaturation. Altogether, the present investigation is expected to extend the existing knowledge of this species and recommended its use in pharmaceutical industries as an effective mycomedicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandipta Ghosh
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Gouri Basak
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Rituparna Saha
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Krishnendu Acharya
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ghafoor A, Niazi AR. Antioxidant Potential and Stability of Oxidative Sunflower Oil by Using the Ethanolic Extracts of Saprophytic Edible Cultivable Mushrooms from Pakistan. Int J Med Mushrooms 2023; 25:85-94. [PMID: 37585319 DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2023048539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
During this study, ethanol extracts of four edible mushrooms i.e., Macrocybe gigantea, Podaxis pistillaris, Lentinus tigrinus, and Pleurotus cystidiosus were prepared and investigated by TFC, TPC, FRAP, ABTS and DPPH for their antioxidant potential. The extracts were also used to check the oxidative stabilization of sunflower oil for a period of 45 d using standard methods i.e., peroxide value, free fatty acid contents and iodine value. M. gigantea extract showed the maximum flavonoids and phenolic contents and exhibited the maximum antioxidant potential among the four edible mushrooms. BHA was observed to have maximum oil stabilization potential followed by the ethanol extract of M. gigantea of 1000 ppm concentration, BHT and extract of 1000 ppm concentration of P. pistillaris. Thus, it is concluded from this study that ethanolic extracts of these mushrooms can be used as a healthy supplement to stabilize oil by replacing synthetic antioxidants that are harmful to humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aneeqa Ghafoor
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Rehman Niazi
- Fungal Biology and Systematics Research Laboratory, Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Stanković M, Mitić V, Stankov Jovanović V, Dimitrijević M, Nikolić J, Stojanović G. Selected fungi of the genus Lactarius - screening of antioxidant capacity, antimicrobial activity, and genotoxicity. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2022; 85:699-714. [PMID: 35591784 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2022.2075502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
It is well-known that mushrooms of the genus Lactarius constitute a natural food resource providing health benefits as a nutritient. This genus contains 4 mushrooms identified as L. deliciosus, L. volemus, L. sanguifluus, L. semisanguifluus and L. piperatus which were collected in Serbia. The aim of this study aimed was to identify and characterize the content of phenolic compounds and examine the antioxidant potential of 5 wild edible mushrooms. L. sanguifluus contained the highest content of total phenol compounds (75.25 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) per g dry extract weight (GAE/g DE) and exhibited the greatest antioxidant activity through the ability to remove radicals as evidenced by ABTS assay (8.99 mg of trolox equivalents (TE) per g dry extract weight (mg TE/g DE); total reducing power (TRP) assay mg ascorbic acid equivalents per mg of dry extract weight (0.42 mg AAE/g DE) and CUPRAC (14.23 mg TE /g DE). L. deliciosus methanolic extract produced greatest scavenging of the DPPH radical (46%). The methanol mushroom extracts were screened for in vitro antimicrobial activity against a panel of pathogenic bacterial strains using the microdilution method. Of all the extracts tested, L. sanguifluus extract showed the best antibacterial properties. The cytokinesis block micronucleus assay results for the examined mushrooms demonstrated that extracts at a concentration of 3 μg/ml decreased the number of micronuclei (MN) in the range of 19-49% which is significant bearing in mind that radioprotectant amifostine reduced the frequency of MN by only 16.3%. Data thus demonstrate that the 5 wild edible mushrooms of genus Lactarius contain constituents that are beneficial not only as nutrients but also have the potential as antioxidants, antibacterial and antigenotoxic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Violeta Mitić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | | | | | - Jelena Nikolić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Gordana Stojanović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
ŞIHOĞLU TEPE A. Chemical compositions and antioxidant activities of four different mushroom species collected from Turkey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SECONDARY METABOLITE 2021. [DOI: 10.21448/ijsm.953923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
7
|
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aneeqa Ghafoor
- Department of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jiang Q, Zhang M, Mujumdar AS. UV induced conversion during drying of ergosterol to vitamin D in various mushrooms: Effect of different drying conditions. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020; 105:200-210. [PMID: 32982063 PMCID: PMC7508054 DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mushrooms are increasingly popular around the world as a nutritional food which is an excellent source of vitamin D2. Although natural mushrooms often contain very little vitamin D2 as many are grown in the dark, they are rich in ergosterol, a precursor to vitamin D2. Ergosterol can be converted to vitamin D2 under ultraviolet radiation. Due to the high water content of fresh mushroom, its quality deteriorates rapidly after harvest, and drying is the most commonly used technology to extend the shelf life. The vitamin D2 content of dried mushrooms depends on the drying conditions used. SCOPE AND APPROACH In this review, the chemistry of the photo-conversion process of ergosterol to vitamin D2 under ultraviolet radiation is introduced. The ergosterol and vitamin D contents in different mushroom varieties are discussed. The effects of several drying methods and the influence of different drying conditions are reviewed.Key findings and conclusions: Thermal drying in the presence of UV has been proven to convert ergosterol into vitamin D and enhance the nutritional content of all types of edible mushrooms. Solar drying, hot air drying, freeze drying, microwave drying and infrared drying can be used for mushrooms drying under selected operating conditions. A critical evaluation of published literature demonstrates the importance of applying appropriate drying methodology to maximize the nutritional value of various types of edible mushrooms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiyong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Food Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Arun S Mujumdar
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
A review on mushroom-derived bioactive peptides: Preparation and biological activities. Food Res Int 2020; 134:109230. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
10
|
Nowakowski P, Naliwajko SK, Markiewicz‐Żukowska R, Borawska MH, Socha K. The two faces of Coprinus comatus-Functional properties and potential hazards. Phytother Res 2020; 34:2932-2944. [PMID: 32462723 PMCID: PMC7754439 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mushrooms have been used for centuries not only as food but also in traditional medicine as a source of components with pro‐health activity. One of them is Coprinus comatus (O.F.Müll.) Pers. also called shaggy mane, chicken drumstick mushroom, or lawyer's wig. In Asian countries, C. comatus (CC) is approved as edible mushroom and often cultivated for consumption, whereas in many other countries, although it is widespread, it is unrecognized and not used. In this review, for the first time, we discussed about the composition related to functional properties as well as the potential risks associated with consumption of CC by reviewing scientific literature. The information has been collected in order to get to know this species thoroughly. Various studies show many of the physiological activities, such as antioxidant, anticancer, antiandrogenic, hepatoprotective, acetylcholinesterase inhibitory, antiinflammatory, antidiabetic, antiobesity, antibacterial, antifungal, antinematode, and antiviral. Besides positive physiological properties, CC has also negative features, for example, skin reactions in patients with dermatitis and atopic predisposition, risk of confusion with poisonous mushrooms, quick autolysis after collection, and contamination of toxic elements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patryk Nowakowski
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory MedicineMedical University of BialystokBialystokPoland
| | - Sylwia K. Naliwajko
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory MedicineMedical University of BialystokBialystokPoland
| | - Renata Markiewicz‐Żukowska
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory MedicineMedical University of BialystokBialystokPoland
| | - Maria H. Borawska
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory MedicineMedical University of BialystokBialystokPoland
| | - Katarzyna Socha
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory MedicineMedical University of BialystokBialystokPoland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nutritional and mineral composition of four wild edible mushrooms from Jammu and Kashmir, India. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42360-020-00230-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
12
|
Mahfuz S, Long S, Piao X. Role of medicinal mushroom on growth performance and physiological responses in broiler chicken. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2020.1729670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S.U. Mahfuz
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - S.F. Long
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - X.S. Piao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
AYTAR EC, ÖZMEN A. Cytotoxic and Apoptotic Activities of Rhizopogon roseolus (Corda) Th.Fr. Extracts. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SECONDARY METABOLITE 2020. [DOI: 10.21448/ijsm.675618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
|
14
|
Saki N, Akin M, Alici EH, Arabaci G. Partial Purification and Characterization of Polyphenol Oxidase from the Wild Edible Mushroom Lepiota Procera Using Three-Phase Partitioning. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/ijfe-2017-0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPolyphenol oxidase (PPO) from the wild edible mushroom Lepiota procera is partially purified and biochemically characterized using three-phase partitioning (TPP), which is an easily applied and effective method. This method includes ammonium sulfate saturation at different concentrations, t-butanol addition (1:1; 1:5), and adjustment of pH. Optimum purification parameters with 20% ammonium sulfate saturation and 1:1 t-butanol conditions led to the highest activity at bottom phase with 8.4 fold purification. Sodium dodecyl sulfate- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis showed the molecular weight of the purified enzyme to be 35 kDa. The partially purified PPO presented a high level of activity with L-DOPA (Michaelis-Menten constant, Km – 0.12 mM), followed by caffeic acid (0.27 mM) and 4-methylcatechol (0.46 mM) and it is classified as a catecholase type of PPO. The enzyme had peak activity at a temperature of 40 °C and a pH value of 7.0. These results demonstrate a new enzyme source and easy purification method, useful for various industrial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neslihan Saki
- University of KOCAELI, Chemistry, Umuttepe CampusKocaeli, Turkey
- Faculty of Art and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Kocaeli University, 41380Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Akin
- Faculty of Art and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Kocaeli University, 41380Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Esma H. Alici
- Faculty of Art and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Sakarya University, 54300Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Gulnur Arabaci
- Faculty of Art and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Sakarya University, 54300Sakarya, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mocan A, Fernandes Â, Barros L, Crişan G, Smiljković M, Soković M, Ferreira ICFR. Chemical composition and bioactive properties of the wild mushroom Polyporus squamosus (Huds.) Fr: a study with samples from Romania. Food Funct 2018; 9:160-170. [PMID: 29168866 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01514c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In Eastern Europe, wild mushrooms are widely collected in mountain areas and used for their medicinal properties or as healthy foods. This study aimed at determining the chemical composition (nutritional value, free sugars, organic acids, phenolic compounds, fatty acids and tocopherols) and bioactive properties (antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiquorum sensing) of wild Polyporus squamosus (Huds.) Fr from Romania. The results indicate that the fruiting bodies of P. squamosus are rich in carbohydrates (74.22 g per 100 g dw) and proteins (18.7 g per 100 g dw). Trehalose was the main free sugar, while malic acid was the organic acid detected in the highest amount (2.21 g per 100 g dw), and p-hydroxybenzoic acid was the main phenolic compound. Among tocopherols, β-tocopherol was the most abundant form (114.7 μg per 100 g dw). Additionally, regarding the fatty acids' pattern, polyunsaturated acids represent more than 57% of all fatty acids, followed by monounsaturated fatty acids (24.96%). The highest measured antioxidant effect of P. squamosus extract was found using the TBARS inhibition assay (EC50 = 0.22 mg mL-1), followed by the β-carotene/linoleate assay (EC50 = 1.41 mg mL-1). A minimal inhibitory concentration of the tested extracts was obtained between 0.61-20.4 mg mL-1, while the bactericidal effect was achieved between 1.2-40.8 mg mL-1. Antibiofilm potential was obtained at all tested concentrations, and subinhibitory concentrations of the extract exhibited an antiquorum effect and reduced the formation of P. aeruginosa pili, which all together influenced the virulence of this bacterium. Due to the investigated bioactivities and compounds of P. squamosus and its well-balanced nutritional profile, this mushroom can be further used as a medicinal ingredient based on its antioxidative and antimicrobial potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Mocan
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zavastin DE, Biliută G, Dodi G, Macsim AM, Lisa G, Gherman SP, Breabăn IG, Miron A, Coseri S. Metal content and crude polysaccharide characterization of selected mushrooms growing in Romania. J Food Compost Anal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
17
|
Rodríguez-Seoane P, González-Muñoz MJ, Falqué E, Domínguez H. Pressurized hot water extraction of β-glucans from Cantharellus tubaeformis. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:1892-1898. [PMID: 29460953 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cantharellus tubaeformis was processed by pressurized hot water extraction (80-240°C) with the aim of maximizing the extraction of oligomeric fractions, β-glucans, and the in vitro antioxidant properties of the extracts. Increased severity of treatment enhanced the extraction yields above 62% at temperatures of 210ºC or higher, corresponding to the maximum β-glucan yields. The highest antioxidant capacity was obtained at 170ºC, although the highest content of phenolic compounds was obtained at the highest severity studied. This hydrothermal treatment can be considered a suitable process to obtain extracts with antioxidant properties and rich in β-glucans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Rodríguez-Seoane
- Departamento de Enxeñería Química. Universidade de Vigo (Campus Ourense), Ourense, Spain
| | - María Jesús González-Muñoz
- Departamento de Enxeñería Química. Universidade de Vigo (Campus Ourense), Ourense, Spain
- CITI-Universidade de Vigo, Parque Tecnolóxico de Galicia, Ourense, Spain
| | - Elena Falqué
- Departamento de Química Analítica. Universidade de Vigo (Campus Ourense), Ourense, Spain
| | - Herminia Domínguez
- Departamento de Enxeñería Química. Universidade de Vigo (Campus Ourense), Ourense, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kaliyaperumal M, Kezo K, Gunaseelan S. A Global Overview of Edible Mushrooms. Fungal Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-02622-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
19
|
Glamočlija J, Kostić M, Soković M. Antimicrobial and Hepatoprotective Activities of Edible Mushrooms. Fungal Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-02622-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
20
|
Wang X, Liu H, Zhang J, Li T, Wang Y. Evaluation of heavy metal concentrations of edible wild-grown mushrooms from China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2017; 52:178-183. [PMID: 28121276 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2017.1261545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The heavy metal contents (Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Zn) of eight species of wild edible mushrooms from China were determined. The analyses were performed using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrophotometry after microwave digestion. The contents of Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Zn in caps of mushroom samples were 0.7-7.2, 16.2-70.4, 371-1315, 12.5-29.8, 7.1-58.5, and 77.8-187.4 mg kg-1 dry matter (dm), respectively, while considerable differences were found to be 1.8-25.9, 9.8-36.3, 288-6762, 13.3-103.9, 5.9-78.7, and 38.7-118 mg kg-1 dm for stipes. The results indicated that higher levels of Co, Fe, and Ni were found in the mushrooms samples analyzed. Zinc and manganese levels were similar to previous reports, whereas Cu was lower than literature values. Correlation analysis suggested that significant correlations were found between the minerals determined and the greatest amount of contamination is associated with Co, Mn, Ni, and Fe. The results of this study indicate that heavy metal contents in mushroom species are mainly related to the mineral resources of sampling sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Wang
- a College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University , Kunming , China
- b Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Kunming , China
| | - Honggao Liu
- a College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University , Kunming , China
| | - Ji Zhang
- b Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Kunming , China
- c Yunnan Technical Center for Quality of Chinese Materia Medica , Kunming , China
| | - Tao Li
- d College of Resources and Environment, Yuxi Normal University , Yuxi , China
| | - Yuanzhong Wang
- b Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Kunming , China
- c Yunnan Technical Center for Quality of Chinese Materia Medica , Kunming , China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wei M, Geladi P, Xiong S. NIR hyperspectral imaging and multivariate image analysis to characterize spent mushroom substrate: a preliminary study. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:2449-2460. [PMID: 28116491 PMCID: PMC5352737 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0192-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Commercial mushroom growth on substrate material produces a heterogeneous waste that can be used for bioenergy purposes. Hyperspectral imaging in the near-infrared (NHI) was used to experimentally study a number of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) packed samples under different conditions (wet vs. dry, open vs. plastic covering, and round or cuboid) and to explore the possibilities of direct characterization of the fresh substrate within a plastic bag. Principal components analysis (PCA) was used to remove the background of images, explore the important studied factors, and identify SMS and mycelia (Myc) based on the pixel clusters within the score plot. Overview PCA modeling indicated high moisture content caused the most significant effects on spectra followed by the uneven distribution of Myc and the plastic cover. There were well-separated pixel clusters for SMS and Myc under different conditions: dry, wet, or wet and plastic covering. The loading peaks of the related component and the second derivative of the mean spectra of pixel clusters of SMS and Myc indicated that there are chemical differences between SMS and Myc. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) models were calculated and classification of SMS and Myc was successful, whether the materials were dry or wet. Peak shifts because of high moisture content and unexpected peaks from the plastic covering were found. Although the best results were obtained for dried cylinders, it was shown that almost equally good results could be obtained for the wet material and for the wet material covered by plastic. Furthermore, PLS-DA prediction showed that a side face hyperspectral image could represent the information for the entire SMS cylinder when Myc was removed. Thus, the combination of NHI and multivariate image analysis has great potential to develop calibration models to directly predict the contents of water, carbohydrates, lignin, and protein in wet and plastic-covered SMS cylinders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maogui Wei
- Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Paul Geladi
- Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Shaojun Xiong
- Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183, Umeå, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bellettini MB, Fiorda FA, Maieves HA, Teixeira GL, Ávila S, Hornung PS, Júnior AM, Ribani RH. Factors affecting mushroom Pleurotus spp. Saudi J Biol Sci 2016; 26:633-646. [PMID: 31048986 PMCID: PMC6486501 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleurotus genus is one of most extensively studied white-rot fungi due to its exceptional ligninolytic properties. It is an edible mushroom and it also has several biological effects, as it contains important bioactive molecules. In basidiomycete fungi, lignocellulolytic enzymes are affected by many typical fermentation factors, such as medium composition, ratio of carbon to nitrogen, pH, temperature, air composition, etc. The survival and multiplication of mushrooms is related to a number of factors, which may act separately or have interactive effects among them. Out that understanding challenges in handling Pleurotus species mushroom requires a fundamental understanding of their physical, chemical, biological and enzymatic properties. This review presents a practical checklist of available intrinsic and extrinsic factors, providing useful synthetic information that may help different users. An in-depth understanding of the technical features is needed for an appropriate and efficient production of Pleurotus spp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Barba Bellettini
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate Program in Food Engineering, PO Box 19011, Zip Code: 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil
- Corresponding author.
| | - Fernanda Assumpção Fiorda
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate Program in Food Engineering, PO Box 19011, Zip Code: 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil
| | - Helayne Aparecida Maieves
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate Program in Food Engineering, PO Box 19011, Zip Code: 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil
| | - Gerson Lopes Teixeira
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate Program in Food Engineering, PO Box 19011, Zip Code: 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil
| | - Suelen Ávila
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate Program in Food Engineering, PO Box 19011, Zip Code: 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil
| | - Polyanna Silveira Hornung
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate Program in Food Engineering, PO Box 19011, Zip Code: 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil
| | - Agenor Maccari Júnior
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Agronomy, PO Box 19011, Zip Code: 80035-060 Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil
| | - Rosemary Hoffmann Ribani
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate Program in Food Engineering, PO Box 19011, Zip Code: 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tang C, Hoo PCX, Tan LTH, Pusparajah P, Khan TM, Lee LH, Goh BH, Chan KG. Golden Needle Mushroom: A Culinary Medicine with Evidenced-Based Biological Activities and Health Promoting Properties. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:474. [PMID: 28003804 PMCID: PMC5141589 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Flammulina velutipes (enoki, velvet shank, golden needle mushroom or winter mushroom), one of the main edible mushrooms on the market, has long been recognized for its nutritional value and delicious taste. In recent decades, research has expanded beyond detailing its nutritional composition and delved into the biological activities and potential health benefits of its constituents. Many bioactive constituents from a range of families have been isolated from different parts of the mushroom, including carbohydrates, protein, lipids, glycoproteins, phenols, and sesquiterpenes. These compounds have been demonstrated to exhibit various biological activities, such as antitumour and anticancer activities, anti-atherosclerotic and thrombosis inhibition activity, antihypertensive and cholesterol lowering effects, anti-aging and antioxidant properties, ability to aid with restoring memory and overcoming learning deficits, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-bacterial, ribosome inactivation and melanosis inhibition. This review aims to consolidate the information concerning the phytochemistry and biological activities of various compounds isolated from F. velutipes to demonstrate that this mushroom is not only a great source of nutrients but also possesses tremendous potential in pharmaceutical drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Calyn Tang
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University MalaysiaBandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Pearl Ching-Xin Hoo
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University MalaysiaBandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Loh Teng-Hern Tan
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University MalaysiaBandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Priyia Pusparajah
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University MalaysiaBandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Tahir Mehmood Khan
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University MalaysiaBandar Sunway, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmacy, Abasyn University PeshawarPeshawar, Pakistan
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University MalaysiaBandar Sunway, Malaysia
- Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety (Cohorts), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of PhayaoPhayao, Thailand
| | - Bey-Hing Goh
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University MalaysiaBandar Sunway, Malaysia
- Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety (Cohorts), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of PhayaoPhayao, Thailand
| | - Kok-Gan Chan
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of MalayaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Santiago FH, Moreno JP, Cázares BX, Suárez JJA, Trejo EO, de Oca GMM, Aguilar ID. Traditional knowledge and use of wild mushrooms by Mixtecs or Ñuu savi, the people of the rain, from Southeastern Mexico. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2016; 12:35. [PMID: 27595599 PMCID: PMC5011354 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-016-0108-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mexico is an important global reservoir of biological and cultural richness and traditional knowledge of wild mushrooms. However, there is a high risk of loss of this knowledge due to the erosion of traditional human cultures which is related with the rapid acculturation linked to high migration of rural populations to cities and the U.S.A., and the loss of natural ecosystems. The Mixtec people, the third largest native group in Mexico only after the Nahua and the Maya, maintain ancient traditions in the use and knowledge of wild mushrooms. Paradoxically, there are few studies of the Mixtec ethnomycology. This study shows our ethnomycological research, mainly focused on knowledge and use of wild mushrooms in communities of the Mixteca Alta, in southeastern Mexico. We hypothesized that among the studied communities those with a combination of higher vegetation cover of natural pine and oak forests, lower soil erosion and higher economic margination had a greater richness and knowledge of wild mushrooms. Our study therefore aimed to record traditional knowledge, use, nomenclature and classification of wild mushrooms in four Mixtec communities and to analyze how these aspects vary according to environmental and cultural conditions among the studied communities. METHODS In order to analyze the cultural significance of wild mushrooms for the Mixtec people, 116 non-structured and semi-structured interviews were performed from 2009 to 2014. Information about the identified species, particularly the regional nomenclature and classification, their edibility, toxicity and ludic uses, the habitat of useful mushrooms, traditional recipes and criteria to differentiate between toxic and edible species, and mechanisms of knowledge transmission were studied. The research had the important particularity that the first author is Mixtec, native of the study area. A comparative qualitative analysis between the richness of fungal species used locally and the official information of the natural vegetation cover, soil erosion and economic marginalization in each of the studied communities was conducted. RESULTS A total of 106 species of mushrooms were identified growing in pine and oak forest, deciduous tropical forest and grassland; among the identified mushrooms we recorded 26 species locally consumed, 18 considered toxic, 6 having ludic uses and the remaining 56 species not being used in the studied areas but some of them having potential as food (56 species) or medicine (28 species). We recorded that 80, 22 and 4 species are ectomycorrhizal, saprotrophic and parasites, respectively. Our study shows that a complex and accurate knowledge related with the use, nomenclature, classification, ecology, gastronomy of wild mushrooms has been developed by Mixtecs; and that there is a relation between natural vegetation cover, lower soil erosion and higher economic marginalization and richness, knowledge and use of mushrooms in the studied communites. CONCLUSION Our study showed that conservation and adaptation of ancestral mycological knowledge survives mainly through oral transmition, maintenance of cultural identity, forest protection, preservation native language and also paradoxically through the current socieconomical marginality among the Mixtec people. We also found that those studied communities with a combination of higher vegetation cover of natural pine and oak forests, lower soil erosion and higher economic marginalization showed a greater richness and knowledge of wild mushrooms. Use and sustainable management of wild mushrooms can be an alternative for local integrated development, but local knowledge and traditional worldview should be included into the regional programs of Mixtec biocultural conservation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faustino Hernández Santiago
- Microbiología, Edafología, Campus Montecillo, Colegio de Postgraduados, Km. 36.5 Carretera México-Texcoco, Montecillo, Texcoco, estado de México 56230 Mexico
| | - Jesús Pérez Moreno
- Microbiología, Edafología, Campus Montecillo, Colegio de Postgraduados, Km. 36.5 Carretera México-Texcoco, Montecillo, Texcoco, estado de México 56230 Mexico
| | - Beatriz Xoconostle Cázares
- Departamento de Biotecnología, CINVESTAV, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360 México city, Mexico
| | - Juan José Almaraz Suárez
- Microbiología, Edafología, Campus Montecillo, Colegio de Postgraduados, Km. 36.5 Carretera México-Texcoco, Montecillo, Texcoco, estado de México 56230 Mexico
| | - Enrique Ojeda Trejo
- Microbiología, Edafología, Campus Montecillo, Colegio de Postgraduados, Km. 36.5 Carretera México-Texcoco, Montecillo, Texcoco, estado de México 56230 Mexico
| | - Gerardo Mata Montes de Oca
- Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Carretera antigua a Coatepec No. 351, El Haya, 91070 Xalapa, Veracruz Mexico
| | - Irma Díaz Aguilar
- Microbiología, Edafología, Campus Montecillo, Colegio de Postgraduados, Km. 36.5 Carretera México-Texcoco, Montecillo, Texcoco, estado de México 56230 Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kozarski M, Klaus A, Vunduk J, Zizak Z, Niksic M, Jakovljevic D, Vrvic MM, Van Griensven LJLD. Nutraceutical properties of the methanolic extract of edible mushroom Cantharellus cibarius (Fries): primary mechanisms. Food Funct 2016; 6:1875-86. [PMID: 25943486 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00312a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The methanolic extract of the wild edible mushroom Cantharellus cibarius Fr. (chanterelle) was analyzed for in vitro antioxidative, cytotoxic, antihypertensive and antibacterial activities. Various primary and secondary metabolites were found. Phenols were the major antioxidant components found in the extract (49.8 mg g(-1)), followed by flavonoids, whose content was approximately 86% of the total phenol content. Antioxidant activity, measured by four different methods, was high for inhibition of lipid peroxidation (EC50 = 1.21 mg mL(-1)) and chelating ability (EC50 = 0.64 mg mL(-1)). The antioxidant activity of the C. cibarius methanol extract was achieved through chelating iron compared to hydrogen atom and/or electron transfer. The extract showed good selectivity in cytotoxicity on human cervix adenocarcinoma HeLa, breast carcinoma MDA-MB-453 and human myelogenous leukemia K562, compared to normal control human fetal lung fibroblasts MRC-5 and human lung bronchial epithelial cells BEAS-2B. The extract had inhibitory activity against angiotensin converting I enzyme (ACE) (IC50 = 0.063 mg mL(-1)). The extract revealed selective antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria with the highest potential against E. faecalis. The medicinal and health benefits, observed in wild C. cibarius mushroom, seem an additional reason for its traditional use as a popular delicacy food.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maja Kozarski
- Department for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, Belgrade 11080, Serbia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Awala S, Oyetayo V. Assessment of Free Radical Scavenging Potentials of Extracts of Trametes lactinea Collected from Akure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/rjphyto.2016.10.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
27
|
Vieira V, Barros L, Martins A, Ferreira ICFR. Expanding current knowledge on the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the genus Lactarius. Molecules 2014; 19:20650-63. [PMID: 25514055 PMCID: PMC6271741 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191220650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the presence of toxic compounds in inedible mushrooms, the question whether the chemical nutrients and non-nutrients compositions in edible and inedible Lactarius species are similar remains unanswered. To answer this question, Lactarius citriolens Pouzar and Lactarius turpis (Weinm.) Fr., two inedible species, were studied in order to obtain information about their chemical composition and bioactivity. Free sugars, fatty acids, tocopherols, organic and phenolic acids were analysed by chromatographic techniques coupled to different detectors. L. citriolens and L. turpis methanolic extracts were tested regarding antioxidant potential (reducing power, radical scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation inhibition). The composition of macronutrients varied among the two species, but the profiles were similar between them and among other Lactarius species; L. citriolens gave the highest energy contribution, saturated fatty acids and organic acids, while the L. turpis sample was richer in free sugars, mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, tocopherols and phenolic compounds. L. turpis methanolic extract showed the highest antioxidant activity. The absence of hepatoxicity of the methanolic extracts was confirmed in porcine liver primary cells (in vitro conditions). The present study provided new information about wild L. citriolens and L. turpis, comparing their chemical composition and antioxidant properties with other Lactarius species, and expanding the knowledge about this genus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Vieira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), ESA, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Apartado 1172, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal.
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), ESA, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Apartado 1172, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal.
| | - Anabela Martins
- School of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Ap. 1172, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal.
| | - Isabel C F R Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), ESA, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Apartado 1172, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wang XM, Zhang J, Wu LH, Zhao YL, Li T, Li JQ, Wang YZ, Liu HG. A mini-review of chemical composition and nutritional value of edible wild-grown mushroom from China. Food Chem 2014; 151:279-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
29
|
Bioactive metabolites from macrofungi: ethnopharmacology, biological activities and chemistry. FUNGAL DIVERS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-013-0265-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
30
|
Kalač P. A review of chemical composition and nutritional value of wild-growing and cultivated mushrooms. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2013; 93:209-18. [PMID: 23172575 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Fruit bodies of about 200 mushroom species are consumed throughout the world, preferably as a delicacy. Knowledge of their chemical composition, nutritional value and health-promoting effects has expanded dynamically during the last few years. Dry matter (DM) is low: commonly about 100 g kg⁻¹ . The usual contents of protein, lipids and ash are 200-250, 20-30 and 80-120 g kg⁻¹ DM, respectively. Various carbohydrates form the remaining DM. Nevertheless, great variations occur both among and within species. Energy is low, usually 350-400 kcal kg⁻¹ of fresh fruit bodies. The nutritional contribution of mushroom protein derived from earlier data seems to be overestimated. Fat content is low with markedly prevailing in linoleic acid and oleic acid, while the proportion of n-3 fatty acids is nutritionally marginal. The main carbohydrates are chitin, glycogen, trehalose and mannitol. Information on fibre content and composition is limited. Health-promoting β-glucans are an auspicious group of polysaccharides. High potassium content is characteristic of mushrooms. Several species can accumulate very high levels of both detrimental trace elements, particularly cadmium and mercury, and radiocaesium isotopes if growing on heavily polluted substrates. Mushrooms seem to be a considerable source of ergosterol, provitamin D₂, and phenolids with antioxidative properties. Hundreds of flavour constituents have been identified, particularly with eight-carbon aliphatic chains. Data on changes of mushroom components under various preservation conditions and culinary treatments have been fragmentary. Even more limited is knowledge of nutrient bioavailability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Kalač
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|