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Halim NFAA, Ali MSM, Leow ATC, Rahman RNZRA. Membrane fatty acid desaturase: biosynthesis, mechanism, and architecture. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:5957-5972. [PMID: 36063178 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12142-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid desaturase catalyzes the desaturation reactions by inserting double bonds into the fatty acyl chain, producing unsaturated fatty acids, which play a vital part in the synthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Though soluble fatty acid desaturases have been described extensively in advanced organisms, there are very limited studies of membrane fatty acid desaturases due to their difficulties in producing a sufficient amount of recombinant desaturases. However, the advancement of technology has shown substantial progress towards the development of elucidating crystal structures of membrane fatty acid desaturase, thus, allowing modification of structure to be manipulated. Understanding the structure, mechanism, and biosynthesis of fatty acid desaturase lay a foundation for the potential production of various strategies associated with alteration and modifications of polyunsaturated fatty acids. This manuscript presents the current state of knowledge and understanding about the structure, mechanisms, and biosynthesis of fatty acid desaturase. In addition, the role of unsaturated fatty acid desaturases in health and diseases is also encompassed. This will be useful in understanding the molecular basis and structural protein of fatty acid desaturase that are significant for the advancement of therapeutic strategies associated with the improvement of health status. KEY POINTS: • Current state of knowledge and understanding about the biosynthesis, mechanisms, and structure of fatty acid desaturase. • The role of unsaturated fatty acid desaturase. • The molecular basis and structural protein elucidated the crystal structure of fatty acid desaturase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Farah Anis Abd Halim
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shukuri Mohamad Ali
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Adam Thean Chor Leow
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Raja Noor Zaliha Raja Abd Rahman
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Rivera-Araya J, Heine T, Chávez R, Schlömann M, Levicán G. Transcriptomic analysis of chloride tolerance in Leptospirillum ferriphilum DSM 14647 adapted to NaCl. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267316. [PMID: 35486621 PMCID: PMC9053815 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloride ions are toxic for most acidophilic microorganisms. In this study, the chloride tolerance mechanisms in the acidophilic iron-oxidizing bacterium Leptospirillum ferriphilum DSM 14647 adapted to 180 mM NaCl were investigated by a transcriptomic approach. Results showed that 99 genes were differentially expressed in the adapted versus the non-adapted cultures, of which 69 and 30 were significantly up-regulated or down-regulated, respectively. Genes that were up-regulated include carbonic anhydrase, cytochrome c oxidase (ccoN) and sulfide:quinone reductase (sqr), likely involved in intracellular pH regulation. Towards the same end, the cation/proton antiporter CzcA (czcA) was down-regulated. Adapted cells showed a higher oxygen consumption rate (2.2 x 10−9 ppm O2 s-1cell-1) than non-adapted cells (1.2 x 10−9 ppm O2 s-1cell-1). Genes coding for the antioxidants flavohemoprotein and cytochrome c peroxidase were also up-regulated. Measurements of the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level revealed that adapted cells had a lower level than non-adapted cells, suggesting that detoxification of ROS could be an important strategy to withstand NaCl. In addition, data analysis revealed the up-regulation of genes for Fe-S cluster biosynthesis (iscR), metal reduction (merA) and activation of a cellular response mediated by diffusible signal factors (DSFs) and the second messenger c-di-GMP. Several genes related to the synthesis of lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan were consistently down-regulated. Unexpectedly, the genes ectB, ectC and ectD involved in the biosynthesis of the compatible solutes (hydroxy)ectoine were also down-regulated. In line with these findings, although hydroxyectoine reached 20 nmol mg-1 of wet biomass in non-adapted cells, it was not detected in L. ferriphilum adapted to NaCl, suggesting that this canonical osmotic stress response was dispensable for salt adaptation. Differentially expressed transcripts and experimental validations suggest that adaptation to chloride in acidophilic microorganisms involves a multifactorial response that is different from the response in other bacteria studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Rivera-Araya
- Biology Department, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Thomas Heine
- Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biosciences, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany
| | - Renato Chávez
- Biology Department, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Michael Schlömann
- Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biosciences, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany
| | - Gloria Levicán
- Biology Department, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail:
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Membrane-Fluidization-Dependent and -Independent Pathways Are Involved in Heat-Stress-Inducible Gene Expression in the Marine Red Alga Neopyropia yezoensis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091486. [PMID: 35563791 PMCID: PMC9100149 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stress responses are complex regulatory processes, including sensing, signal transduction, and gene expression. However, the exact mechanisms of these processes in seaweeds are not well known. We explored the relationship between membrane physical states and gene expression in the red alga Neopyropia yezoensis. To analyze heat-stress-induced gene expression, we identified two homologs of the heat-inducible high temperature response 2 (HTR2) gene in Neopyropia seriata, named NyHTR2 and NyHTR2L. We found conservation of HTR2 homologs only within the order Bangiales; their products contained a novel conserved cysteine repeat which we designated the Bangiales cysteine-rich motif. A quantitative mRNA analysis showed that expression of NyHTR2 and NyHTR2L was induced by heat stress. However, the membrane fluidizer benzyl alcohol (BA) did not induce expression of these genes, indicating that the effect of heat was not due to membrane fluidization. In contrast, expression of genes encoding multiprotein-bridging factor 1 (NyMBF1) and HSP70s (NyHSP70-1 and NyHSP70-2) was induced by heat stress and by BA, indicating that it involved a membrane-fluidization-dependent pathway. In addition, dark treatment under heat stress promoted expression of NyHTR2, NyHTR2L, NyMBF1, and NyHSP70-2, but not NyHSP70-1; expression of NyHTR2 and NyHTR2L was membrane-fluidization-independent, and that of other genes was membrane-fluidization-dependent. These findings indicate that the heat stress response in N. yezoensis involves membrane-fluidization-dependent and -independent pathways.
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Comparative Analysis and Structural Modeling of Elaeis oleifera FAD2, a Fatty Acid Desaturase Involved in Unsaturated Fatty Acid Composition of American Oil Palm. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11040529. [PMID: 35453727 PMCID: PMC9032008 DOI: 10.3390/biology11040529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Palm oil has become the world’s most important vegetable oil in terms of production quantity, and its overall demand is exponentially growing with the global population. The fatty acid composition and particularly the oleic/linoleic acid ratio are major factors influencing palm oil quality. In this study, we focused on FAD2, a fatty acid desaturase enzyme involved in the desaturation and conversion of oleic acid to linoleic acid in Elaeis oleifera, identified through in silico annotation analysis. Our phylogenetic and comparative studies revealed two SNP markers, SNP278 and SNP851, significantly correlated with the oleic/linoleic acid contents. Our study provides fundamental insights into the mechanism of fatty acids synthesis in oil palm and could support the application of molecular biology techniques to enhance the enzymatic activity and substrate affinity of EoFAD2. Abstract American oil palm (Elaeis oleifera) is an important source of dietary oil that could fulfill the increasing worldwide demand for cooking oil. Therefore, improving its production is crucial and could be realized through breeding and genetic engineering approaches aiming to obtain high-yielding varieties with improved oil content and quality. The fatty acid composition and particularly the oleic/linoleic acid ratio are major factors influencing oil quality. Our work focused on a fatty acid desaturase (FAD) enzyme involved in the desaturation and conversion of oleic acid to linoleic acid. Following the in silico identification and annotation of Elaeis oleifera FAD2, its molecular and structural features characterization was performed to better understand the mechanistic bases of its enzymatic activity. EoFAD2 is 1173 nucleotides long and encodes a protein of 390 amino acids that shares similarities with other FADs. Interestingly, the phylogenetic study showed three distinguished groups where EoFAD2 clustered among monocotyledonous taxa. EoFAD2 is a membrane-bound protein with five transmembrane domains presumably located in the endoplasmic reticulum. The homodimer organization model of EoFAD2 enzyme and substrates and respective substrate-binding residues were predicted and described. Moreover, the comparison between 24 FAD2 sequences from different species generated two interesting single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the oleic/linoleic acid contents.
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Baeza M, Zúñiga S, Peragallo V, Gutierrez F, Barahona S, Alcaino J, Cifuentes V. Response to Cold: A Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis in Eight Cold-Adapted Yeasts. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:828536. [PMID: 35283858 PMCID: PMC8905146 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.828536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms have evolved to colonize all biospheres, including extremely cold environments, facing several stressor conditions, mainly low/freezing temperatures. In general, terms, the strategies developed by cold-adapted microorganisms include the synthesis of cryoprotectant and stress-protectant molecules, cold-active proteins, especially enzymes, and membrane fluidity regulation. The strategy could differ among microorganisms and concerns the characteristics of the cold environment of the microorganism, such as seasonal temperature changes. Microorganisms can develop strategies to grow efficiently at low temperatures or tolerate them and grow under favorable conditions. These differences can be found among the same kind of microorganisms and from the same cold habitat. In this work, eight cold-adapted yeasts isolated from King George Island, subAntarctic region, which differ in their growth properties, were studied about their response to low temperatures at the transcriptomic level. Sixteen ORFeomes were assembled and used for gene prediction and functional annotation, determination of gene expression changes, protein flexibilities of translated genes, and codon usage bias. Putative genes related to the response to all main kinds of stress were found. The total number of differentially expressed genes was related to the temperature variation that each yeast faced. The findings from multiple comparative analyses among yeasts based on gene expression changes and protein flexibility by cellular functions and codon usage bias raise significant differences in response to cold among the studied Antarctic yeasts. The way a yeast responds to temperature change appears to be more related to its optimal temperature for growth (OTG) than growth velocity. Yeasts with higher OTG prepare to downregulate their metabolism to enter the dormancy stage. In comparison, yeasts with lower OTG perform minor adjustments to make their metabolism adequate and maintain their growth at lower temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Baeza
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Zúñiga
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vicente Peragallo
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Gutierrez
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Salvador Barahona
- Centro de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jennifer Alcaino
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Víctor Cifuentes
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Nema J, Randhir K, Wadhwani N, Sundrani D, Joshi S. Maternal vitamin D deficiency reduces docosahexaenoic acid, placental growth factor and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma levels in the pup brain in a rat model of preeclampsia. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2021; 175:102364. [PMID: 34768025 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2021.102364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preeclampsia is a pregnancy disorder characterized with abnormal placental angiogenesis. Vitamin D and long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) play a crucial role in pregnancy and are required for normal placental and fetal growth and development. This study reports the effect of maternal vitamin D on LCPUFA levels in the mother and offspring brain fatty acid levels and angiogenic markers in a rat model of preeclampsia. METHODS Female rats were divided into four groups from pre-pregnancy to pregnancy, viz Control; Preeclampsia (PE); Vitamin D deficient with PE (VDD-PE) and Vitamin D supplemented with PE (VDS-PE). Preeclampsia was induced by administering l-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME) at the dose of 50 mg/kg body weight/day from day 14 to day 19 of gestation. Dams were sacrificed at d20 of gestation to collect dam blood, placenta and pup brain. LCPUFA levels from dam plasma, erythrocytes and placenta and its transcription factor peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR-g) from placenta were estimated. Pup brain LCPUFA levels, angiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and placental growth factor (PlGF) and transcription factor hypoxia inducible factor (Hif-1α) and PPAR-g were also estimated. RESULTS Maternal vitamin D status influences fatty acid levels. Placental PPAR-g levels were lower in the VDD-PE group as compared to the VDS-PE groups (p < 0.01). In the offspring brain, both PE and VDD-PE group showed lower levels of DHA (p < 0.05 for both) while saturated fatty acids (SFA) levels in the VDD-PE group were higher as compared to the control group (p < 0.05). VDD-PE group also showed lower levels of PlGF and PPAR-g (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively) in the pup brain while vitamin D supplementation demonstrated levels similar to control. CONCLUSION This study for the first time demonstrates that maternal vitamin D status influences LCPUFA metabolism and angiogenesis in the offspring brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhi Nema
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Karuna Randhir
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Nisha Wadhwani
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Deepali Sundrani
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Sadhana Joshi
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India.
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Bellaloui N, Mengistu A, Smith JR, Abbas HK, Accinelli C, Shier WT. Effects of Charcoal Rot on Soybean Seed Composition in Soybean Genotypes That Differ in Charcoal Rot Resistance under Irrigated and Non-Irrigated Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1801. [PMID: 34579334 PMCID: PMC8470747 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Charcoal rot is a major disease of soybean (Glycine max) caused by Macrophomina phaseolina and results in significant loss in yield and seed quality. The effects of charcoal rot on seed composition (seed protein, oil, and fatty acids), a component of seed quality, is not well understood. Therefore, the objective of this research was to investigate the impact of charcoal rot on seed protein, oil, and fatty acids in different soybean genotypes differing in their charcoal rot susceptibility under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions. Two field experiments were conducted in 2012 and 2013 in Jackson, TN, USA. Thirteen genotypes differing in charcoal rot resistance (moderately resistant and susceptible) were evaluated. Under non-irrigated conditions, moderately resistant genotypes showed either no change or increased protein and oleic acid but had lower linolenic acid. Under non-irrigated conditions, most of the susceptible genotypes showed lower protein and linolenic acid but higher oleic acid. Most of the moderately resistant genotypes had higher protein than susceptible genotypes under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions but lower oil than susceptible genotypes. The different responses among genotypes for protein, oil, oleic acid, and linolenic acid observed in each year may be due to both genotype tolerance to drought and environmental conditions, especially heat differences in each year (2012 was warmer than 2013). This research showed that the increases in protein and oleic acid and the decrease in linolenic acid may be a possible physiological mechanism underlying the plant's responses to the charcoal rot infection. This research further helps scientists understand the impact of irrigated and non-irrigated conditions on seed nutrition changes, using resistant and susceptible genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nacer Bellaloui
- Crop Genetics Research Unit, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 141 Experiment Station Road, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA;
| | - Alemu Mengistu
- Crop Genetics Research Unit, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Jackson, TN 38301, USA;
| | - James R. Smith
- Crop Genetics Research Unit, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 141 Experiment Station Road, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA;
| | - Hamed K. Abbas
- Biological Control of Pests Research Unit, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 59 Lee Road, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA;
| | - Cesare Accinelli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy;
| | - W. Thomas Shier
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 308 Harvard Street, SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
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Whiteford R, Nurika I, Schiller T, Barker G. The white-rot fungus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, under combinatorial stress produces variable oil profiles following analysis of secondary metabolites. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:1305-1317. [PMID: 33484615 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The effects of combinatorial stress on lipid production in Phanerochaete chrysosporium remain understudied. This species of white-rot fungi was cultivated on solid-state media while under variable levels of known abiotic and biotic stressors to establish the effect upon fungal oil profiles. METHODS AND RESULTS Environmental stressors induced upon the fungus included the following: temperature, nutrient limitation and interspecies competition to assess impact upon oil profiles. Fatty acid type and its concentration were determined using analytical methods of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Growth rate under stress was established using high-performance liquid chromatography with ergosterol as the biomarker. Fungi grown on solid-state agar were able to simultaneously produce short- and long-chain fatty acids which appeared to be influenced by nutritional composition as well as temperature. Addition of nitrogen supplements increased the growth rate, but lipid dynamics remained unchanged. Introducing competition-induced stress had significantly altered the production of certain fatty acids beyond that of the monoculture while under nutrient-limiting conditions. Linoleic acid concentrations, for example, increased from an average of 885 ng μl-1 at monoculture towards 13 820 ng μl-1 at co-culture, following 7 days of incubation. CONCLUSIONS Interspecies competition produced the most notable impact on lipid production for solid-state media cultivated fungi while the addition of nitrogen supplementation presented growth and lipid accumulation to be uncorrelated. Combinatorial stress therefore influences the yield of overall lipid production as well as the number of intermediate fatty acids produced, deriving similar oil profiles to the composition of vegetable and fish oils. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Fungal secondary metabolism remains highly sensitive following combinatorial stress. The outcome impacts the research towards optimizing fungal oil profiles for biomass and nutrition. Future investigations on fungal stress tolerance mechanisms need to address these environmental factors throughout the experimental design.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Whiteford
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - I Nurika
- Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - T Schiller
- Warwick Manufacturing Group, The University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - G Barker
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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Pham N, Reijnders M, Suarez-Diez M, Nijsse B, Springer J, Eggink G, Schaap PJ. Genome-scale metabolic modeling underscores the potential of Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosus ATCC 20509 as a cell factory for biofuel production. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:2. [PMID: 33407779 PMCID: PMC7788717 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01838-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosus ATCC 20509 is a fast-growing oleaginous basidiomycete yeast that is able to grow in a wide range of low-cost carbon sources including crude glycerol, a byproduct of biodiesel production. When glycerol is used as a carbon source, this yeast can accumulate more than 50% lipids (w/w) with high concentrations of mono-unsaturated fatty acids. RESULTS To increase our understanding of this yeast and to provide a knowledge base for further industrial use, a FAIR re-annotated genome was used to build a genome-scale, constraint-based metabolic model containing 1553 reactions involving 1373 metabolites in 11 compartments. A new description of the biomass synthesis reaction was introduced to account for massive lipid accumulation in conditions with high carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio in the media. This condition-specific biomass objective function is shown to better predict conditions with high lipid accumulation using glucose, fructose, sucrose, xylose, and glycerol as sole carbon source. CONCLUSION Contributing to the economic viability of biodiesel as renewable fuel, C. oleaginosus ATCC 20509 can effectively convert crude glycerol waste streams in lipids as a potential bioenergy source. Performance simulations are essential to identify optimal production conditions and to develop and fine tune a cost-effective production process. Our model suggests ATP-citrate lyase as a possible target to further improve lipid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhung Pham
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten Reijnders
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maria Suarez-Diez
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bart Nijsse
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Springer
- Food and Biobased Research and AlgaePARC, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gerrit Eggink
- Food and Biobased Research and AlgaePARC, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Bioprocess Engineering and AlgaePARC, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter J Schaap
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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Gálvez FE, Saldarriaga-Córdoba M, Huovinen P, Silva AX, Gómez I. Revealing the Characteristics of the Antarctic Snow Alga Chlorominima collina gen. et sp. nov. Through Taxonomy, Physiology, and Transcriptomics. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:662298. [PMID: 34163502 PMCID: PMC8215615 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.662298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Snow algae play crucial roles in cold ecosystems, however, many aspects related to their biology, adaptations and especially their diversity are not well known. To improve the identification of snow algae from colored snow, in the present study we used a polyphasic approach to describe a new Antarctic genus, Chlorominima with the species type Chlorominima collina. This new taxon was isolated of colored snow collected from the Collins Glacier (King George Island) in the Maritime Antarctic region. Microscopy revealed biflagellated ellipsoidal cells with a rounded posterior end, a C-shaped parietal chloroplast without a pyrenoid, eyespot, and discrete papillae. Several of these characteristics are typical of the genus Chloromonas, but the new isolate differs from the described species of this genus by the unusual small size of the cells, the presence of several vacuoles, the position of the nucleus and the shape of the chloroplast. Molecular analyzes confirm that the isolated alga does not belong to Chloromonas and therefore forms an independent lineage, which is closely related to other unidentified Antarctic and Arctic strains, forming a polar subclade in the Stephanosphaerinia phylogroup within the Chlamydomonadales. Secondary structure comparisons of the ITS2 rDNA marker support the idea that new strain is a distinct taxon within of Caudivolvoxa. Physiological experiments revealed psychrophilic characteristics, which are typical of true snow algae. This status was confirmed by the partial transcriptome obtained at 2°C, in which various cold-responsive and cryoprotective genes were identified. This study explores the systematics, cold acclimatization strategies and their implications for the Antarctic snow flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca E. Gálvez
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Centro FONDAP de Investigación en Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Valdivia, Chile
- *Correspondence: Francisca E. Gálvez,
| | - Mónica Saldarriaga-Córdoba
- Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales y Sustentabilidad (CIRENYS), Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pirjo Huovinen
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Centro FONDAP de Investigación en Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Valdivia, Chile
| | - Andrea X. Silva
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- AUSTRAL-omics, Vicerrectoría de Investigación, Desarrollo y Creación Artística, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Iván Gómez
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Centro FONDAP de Investigación en Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Valdivia, Chile
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11
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Massana R, Labarre A, López-Escardó D, Obiol A, Bucchini F, Hackl T, Fischer MG, Vandepoele K, Tikhonenkov DV, Husnik F, Keeling PJ. Gene expression during bacterivorous growth of a widespread marine heterotrophic flagellate. ISME JOURNAL 2020; 15:154-167. [PMID: 32920602 PMCID: PMC7852580 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-00770-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Phagocytosis is a fundamental process in marine ecosystems by which prey organisms are consumed and their biomass incorporated in food webs or remineralized. However, studies searching for the genes underlying this key ecological process in free-living phagocytizing protists are still scarce, in part due to the lack of appropriate ecological models. Our reanalysis of recent molecular datasets revealed that the cultured heterotrophic flagellate Cafeteria burkhardae is widespread in the global oceans, which prompted us to design a transcriptomics study with this species, grown with the cultured flavobacterium Dokdonia sp. We compared the gene expression between exponential and stationary phases, which were complemented with three starvation by dilution phases that appeared as intermediate states. We found distinct expression profiles in each condition and identified 2056 differentially expressed genes between exponential and stationary samples. Upregulated genes at the exponential phase were related to DNA duplication, transcription and translational machinery, protein remodeling, respiration and phagocytosis, whereas upregulated genes in the stationary phase were involved in signal transduction, cell adhesion, and lipid metabolism. We identified a few highly expressed phagocytosis genes, like peptidases and proton pumps, which could be used to target this ecologically relevant process in marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Massana
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, ES-08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Aurelie Labarre
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, ES-08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - David López-Escardó
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, ES-08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Aleix Obiol
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, ES-08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - François Bucchini
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas Hackl
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Klaas Vandepoele
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Denis V Tikhonenkov
- Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok, 152742, Russia
| | - Filip Husnik
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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12
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Estupiñán M, Hernández I, Saitua E, Bilbao ME, Mendibil I, Ferrer J, Alonso-Sáez L. Novel Vibrio spp. Strains Producing Omega-3 Fatty Acids Isolated from Coastal Seawater. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E99. [PMID: 32024040 PMCID: PMC7074563 DOI: 10.3390/md18020099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (22:6n-3), are considered essential for human health. Microorganisms are the primary producers of omega-3 fatty acids in marine ecosystems, representing a sustainable source of these lipids, as an alternative to the fish industry. Some marine bacteria can produce LC-PUFAs de novo via the Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (Pfa) synthase/ Polyketide Synthase (PKS) pathway, which does not require desaturation and elongation of saturated fatty acids. Cultivation-independent surveys have revealed that the diversity of microorganisms harboring a molecular marker of the pfa gene cluster (i.e., pfaA-KS domain) is high and their potential distribution in marine systems is widespread, from surface seawater to sediments. However, the isolation of PUFA producers from marine waters has been typically restricted to deep or cold environments. Here, we report a phenotypic and genotypic screening for the identification of omega-3 fatty acid producers in free-living bacterial strains isolated from 5, 500, and 1000 m deep coastal seawater from the Bay of Biscay (Spain). We further measured EPA production in pelagic Vibrio sp. strains collected at the three different depths. Vibrio sp. EPA-producers and non-producers were simultaneously isolated from the same water samples and shared a high percentage of identity in their 16S rRNA genes, supporting the view that the pfa gene cluster can be horizontally transferred. Within a cluster of EPA-producers, we found intraspecific variation in the levels of EPA synthesis for isolates harboring different genetic variants of the pfaA-KS domain. The maximum production of EPA was found in a Vibrio sp. strain isolated from a 1000 m depth (average 4.29% ± 1.07 of total fatty acids at 10 °C, without any optimization of culturing conditions).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Estupiñán
- AZTI, Marine Research Division, Txatxarramendi Irla s/n, 48395 Sukarrieta, Spain; (M.E.); (M.E.B.); (I.M.)
| | - Igor Hernández
- AZTI, Food Research Division, Astondo Bidea, Building 609, 48160 Derio, Spain; (I.H.); (E.S.); (J.F.)
| | - Eduardo Saitua
- AZTI, Food Research Division, Astondo Bidea, Building 609, 48160 Derio, Spain; (I.H.); (E.S.); (J.F.)
| | - M. Elisabete Bilbao
- AZTI, Marine Research Division, Txatxarramendi Irla s/n, 48395 Sukarrieta, Spain; (M.E.); (M.E.B.); (I.M.)
| | - Iñaki Mendibil
- AZTI, Marine Research Division, Txatxarramendi Irla s/n, 48395 Sukarrieta, Spain; (M.E.); (M.E.B.); (I.M.)
| | - Jorge Ferrer
- AZTI, Food Research Division, Astondo Bidea, Building 609, 48160 Derio, Spain; (I.H.); (E.S.); (J.F.)
| | - Laura Alonso-Sáez
- AZTI, Marine Research Division, Txatxarramendi Irla s/n, 48395 Sukarrieta, Spain; (M.E.); (M.E.B.); (I.M.)
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13
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Li Q, Xiang C, Xu L, Cui J, Fu S, Chen B, Yang S, Wang P, Xie Y, Wei M, Wang Z. SMRT sequencing of a full-length transcriptome reveals transcript variants involved in C18 unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis and metabolism pathways at chilling temperature in Pennisetum giganteum. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:52. [PMID: 31948405 PMCID: PMC6966868 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6441-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pennisetum giganteum, an abundant, fast-growing perennial C4 grass that belongs to the genus Pennisetum, family Poaceae, has been developed as a source of biomass for mushroom cultivation and production, as a source of forage for cattle and sheep, and as a tool to remedy soil erosion. However, having a chilling-sensitive nature, P. giganteum seedlings need to be protected while overwintering in most temperate climate regions. Results To elucidate the cold stress responses of P. giganteum, we carried out comprehensive full-length transcriptomes from leaf and root tissues under room temperature (RT) and chilling temperature (CT) using PacBio Iso-Seq long reads. We identified 196,124 and 140,766 full-length consensus transcripts in the RT and CT samples, respectively. We then systematically performed functional annotation, transcription factor identification, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) prediction, and simple sequence repeat (SSR) analysis of those full-length transcriptomes. Isoform analysis revealed that alternative splicing events may be induced by cold stress in P. giganteum, and transcript variants may be involved in C18 unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis and metabolism pathways at chilling temperature in P. giganteum. Furthermore, the fatty acid composition determination and gene expression level analysis supported that C18 unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis and metabolism pathways may play roles during cold stress in P. giganteum. Conclusions We provide the first comprehensive full-length transcriptomic resource for the abundant and fast-growing perennial grass Pennisetum giganteum. Our results provide a useful transcriptomic resource for exploring the biological pathways involved in the cold stress responses of P. giganteum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyuan Li
- Forestry and Fruit Tree Research Institute, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Conglin Xiang
- Forestry and Fruit Tree Research Institute, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Forestry and Fruit Tree Research Institute, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinghua Cui
- Forestry and Fruit Tree Research Institute, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shao Fu
- Forestry and Fruit Tree Research Institute, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Baolin Chen
- Forestry and Fruit Tree Research Institute, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Shoukun Yang
- Forestry and Fruit Tree Research Institute, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Forestry and Fruit Tree Research Institute, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanfeng Xie
- Forestry and Fruit Tree Research Institute, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Wei
- Forestry and Fruit Tree Research Institute, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhanchang Wang
- Forestry and Fruit Tree Research Institute, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China.
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14
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Lingran F, Qiang W, Xiaobin Y, Kwame F. Effects of exogenous lipids and cold acclimation on lycopene production and fatty acid composition in Blakeslea trispora. AMB Express 2019; 9:162. [PMID: 31605263 PMCID: PMC6789056 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-019-0891-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Exogenous lipids serving as stimulators to improve lycopene production in Blakeslea trispora have been widely reported. However, the selection basis of exogenous lipids and their effects on intracellular lipids are not very clear. In this study, five plant oils with different fatty acid compositions were selected to investigate their effects on lycopene production, fatty acid composition and the desaturation degree of intracellular lipids. Among the oils, soybean oil, with a fatty acid composition similar to that of mycelium, exhibited the best stimulating effect on lycopene formation (improvement of 82.1%). The plant oils enhanced the total content of intracellular lipids and the desaturation degree of reserve lipids due to the alteration of fatty acid composition, especially in neutral lipids. Lycopene production was increased with the improved desaturation degree of intracellular lipids, which may be attributed to the enhancement of storage capacity for lycopene in storage lipid, thus reducing the feedback regulation of free lycopene. In addition, the increase of the desaturation degree of reserve lipids through temperature-changing fermentation also enhanced lycopene production. The present study could serve as a basis for a better understanding of the relationship between the fatty acid composition of reserve lipids and lycopene production.
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15
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Sherpa S, Blum MGB, Després L. Cold adaptation in the Asian tiger mosquito's native range precedes its invasion success in temperate regions. Evolution 2019; 73:1793-1808. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Sherpa
- Université Grenoble Alpes CNRS, UMR 5553 LECA F‐38000 Grenoble France
| | - Michael G. B. Blum
- Université Grenoble Alpes CNRS, UMR 5525 TIMC‐IMAG F‐38000 Grenoble France
| | - Laurence Després
- Université Grenoble Alpes CNRS, UMR 5553 LECA F‐38000 Grenoble France
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16
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Lukic J, Vukotic G, Stanisavljevic N, Kosanovic D, Molnar Z, Begovic J, Terzic-Vidojevic A, Jeney G, Ljubobratovic U. Solid state treatment with Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei BGHN14 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus BGT10 improves nutrient bioavailability in granular fish feed. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219558. [PMID: 31295295 PMCID: PMC6624013 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to improve nutritive value of fishmeal-based feed by lactobacilli in order to achieve satisfactory nutrient availability needed to support fish development. Feed was solid-state treated at a laboratory scale with the combination of Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei BGHN14 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus BGT10 in different experimental settings, which included the variation of strain ratio, total lactobacilli concentration, percentage of moisture and duration of incubation. Short peptides, soluble proteins, phospho-, neutral and unsaturated lipids were quantified. Differences among treated and control feeds were evaluated by Student t-test, while Gaussian process regression (GPR) modeling was employed to simulate the incubation process and define the optimal treatment combination in the context of overall feed nutritional profile. Treatment duration was shown to be the critical determinant of final outcome, either as single factor or via interaction with strain ratio. Optimal nutrient balance was achieved with 12 h incubation period, 260% moisture, 75:25 and 50:50 BGHN14:BGT10 ratios and 200 mg of lactobacilli per g of dry feed. This study should serve as the basis for large-scale tests which would simulate on-farm production of both fishmeal-based and unconventional, lower cost aquafeed with added value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovanka Lukic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering (IMGGE), University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Goran Vukotic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering (IMGGE), University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nemanja Stanisavljevic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering (IMGGE), University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dejana Kosanovic
- Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera “Torlak”, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zsuzsanna Molnar
- Research Institute for Fisheries and Aquaculture (NAIK HAKI), Szarvas, Hungary
| | - Jelena Begovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering (IMGGE), University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Amarela Terzic-Vidojevic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering (IMGGE), University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Galina Jeney
- Research Institute for Fisheries and Aquaculture (NAIK HAKI), Szarvas, Hungary
| | - Uros Ljubobratovic
- Research Institute for Fisheries and Aquaculture (NAIK HAKI), Szarvas, Hungary
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17
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Li H, Ma L, Hu Z, Tu Y, Jiang C, Wu Q, Han J, Zeng B, He B. Heterologous expression of AoD9D enhances salt tolerance with increased accumulation of unsaturated fatty acid in transgenic Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 46:231-239. [PMID: 30604237 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-018-02123-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Salt stress can trigger several physiological responses in microorganisms such as the increasing accumulation of unsaturated fatty acid, which was biosynthesized by delta-9 fatty acid desaturases (D9D) at the first step. In the present study, two D9D genes, designated AoD9D1 and AoD9D2, were isolated from Aspergillus oryzae. The expression analysis showed that AoD9D1 and AoD9D2 were upregulated under salt stress. To investigate the function of AoD9D, transgenic Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains that heterologously expressed AoD9D were exposed to salinity condition. These transgenic strains exhibited greater tolerance to salt stress than wild-type strains, and the heterologous expression of AoD9D increased the content in unsaturated fatty acids as compared to control cells. Moreover, AoD9D1 and AoD9D2 both contained fatty acid desaturase (FAD) and cytochrome b5-like Heme/Steroid-binding domains (Cyt-b5). S. cerevisiae separately transformed with the gene fragments coding for the FAD and Cyt-b5 domains in the AoD9D1 protein grew better and accumulated a higher concentration of unsaturated FAs than the control. Altogether, the heterologous expression of AoD9D enhanced the tolerance of transgenic S. cerevisiae to high salinity stress with increased accumulation of unsaturated fatty acid. The results provide some practical basis for the successful development of salt-tolerant fermentation microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering and Co-Innovation Center for In-Vitro Diagnostic Reagents and Devices of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Long Ma
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering and Co-Innovation Center for In-Vitro Diagnostic Reagents and Devices of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Zhihong Hu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering and Co-Innovation Center for In-Vitro Diagnostic Reagents and Devices of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Yayi Tu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering and Co-Innovation Center for In-Vitro Diagnostic Reagents and Devices of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Chunmiao Jiang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering and Co-Innovation Center for In-Vitro Diagnostic Reagents and Devices of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Qinqin Wu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering and Co-Innovation Center for In-Vitro Diagnostic Reagents and Devices of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Jizhong Han
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering and Co-Innovation Center for In-Vitro Diagnostic Reagents and Devices of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Bin Zeng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering and Co-Innovation Center for In-Vitro Diagnostic Reagents and Devices of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China.
| | - Bin He
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering and Co-Innovation Center for In-Vitro Diagnostic Reagents and Devices of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China.
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18
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Progress in the genetic engineering of cereals to produce essential polyunsaturated fatty acids. J Biotechnol 2018; 284:115-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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19
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Bharudin I, Abu Bakar MF, Hashim NHF, Mat Isa MN, Alias H, Firdaus-Raih M, Md Illias R, Najimudin N, Mahadi NM, Abu Bakar FD, Abdul Murad AM. Unravelling the adaptation strategies employed by Glaciozyma antarctica PI12 on Antarctic sea ice. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 137:169-176. [PMID: 29598997 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Glaciozyma antarctica PI12, is a psychrophilic yeast isolated from Antarctic sea. In this work, Expressed Sequence Tags (EST) from cells exposed to three different temperatures; 15 °C, 0 °C and -12 °C were generated to identify genes associated with cold adaptation. A total of 5376 clones from each library were randomly picked and sequenced. Comparative analyses from the resulting ESTs in each condition identified several groups of genes required for cold adaptation. Additionally, 319 unique transcripts that encoded uncharacterised functions were identified in the -12 °C library and are currently unique to G. antarctica. Gene expression analysis using RT-qPCR revealed two of the unknown genes to be up-regulated at -12 °C compared to 0 °C and 15 °C. These findings further contribute to the collective knowledge into G. antarctica cold adaptation and as a resource for understanding the ecological and physiological tolerance of psychrophilic microbes in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izwan Bharudin
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | | | - Noor Haza Fazlin Hashim
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Noor Mat Isa
- Malaysia Genome Institute, Jalan Bangi Lama, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Halimah Alias
- Malaysia Genome Institute, Jalan Bangi Lama, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Firdaus-Raih
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rosli Md Illias
- Department of Biosciences Engineering, Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nazalan Najimudin
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nor Muhammad Mahadi
- Malaysia Genome Institute, Jalan Bangi Lama, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Farah Diba Abu Bakar
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Munir Abdul Murad
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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