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Williams S, Stoskopf M, Francis‐Floyd R, Koutsos L, Dierenfeld E, Harmon T, Cicotello E, German D, Semmen K, Keaffaber J, Olea‐Popelka F, Livingston S, Sullivan K, Valdes E. Recommendations and Action Plans to Improve Ex Situ Nutrition and Health of Marine Teleosts. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2022; 34:69-81. [PMID: 35199884 PMCID: PMC9321147 DOI: 10.1002/aah.10150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The International Workshop for Ex-Situ Marine Teleost Nutrition and Health, hosted by Disney's Animals, Science and Environment in conjunction with the Comparative Nutrition Society, brought together over 50 animal experts and scientists representing 20 institutions to review current science and identify challenges of marine teleost nutrition and health. Invited speakers presented critical information and current research topics for areas of emphasis and expertise. Subject matter experts identified knowledge gaps and primary areas of focus to guide the scientific community's research efforts to improve the care of ex situ marine teleosts. The clinical medicine working group highlighted standardized approaches to ante- and postmortem sample collection, diet biosecurity and supplementation, advanced diagnostic methods, and expanded training in fish nutrition. Nutrition identified the creation of a husbandry and feeding management manual, comprehensive feeding program review and design, and specialty feeder/life stage nutrition as areas of focus, while animal husbandry focused on body condition scoring, feed delivery techniques, and behavioral husbandry topics. The physiology and chemistry and water quality working groups discussed components of the aquatic environment and their effects on fish health, including organic matter constituents, microbial diversity, disinfection, and managing microbiota. Finally, we reviewed how epidemiological approaches and considerations can improve our evaluation of aquarium teleost nutrition and health. The goals outlined by each working group and supporting literature discussion are detailed in this communication and represent our goals for the next 3 to 5 years, with the ultimate objective of the workshop being the production of a husbandry manual for marine teleost nutrition and health. Any scientists who feel that their experience, research, or interests align with these goals are invited to participate by contacting the authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Williams
- Disney's Animals, Science and Environment Animal Nutrition1200 East Savannah CircleBay LakeFlorida32830USA
| | - Michael Stoskopf
- Center for Marine Sciences and Technology, College of Veterinary MedicineNorth Carolina State University303 College DriveMorehead CityNorth Carolina28557USA
| | - Ruth Francis‐Floyd
- Department of Large Animal Clinical SciencesUniversity of FloridaPost Office Box 100136GainesvilleFlorida32610USA
| | - Liz Koutsos
- EnviroFlight LLC1118 Progress WayMaysvilleKentucky41056USA
| | - Ellen Dierenfeld
- Ellen S. DierenfeldLLC, 4736 Gatesbury DriveSt. LouisMissouri63128USA
| | - Todd Harmon
- Disney's Animals, Science and Environment, Animal Care2012‐A North Avenue of the StarsBay LakeFlorida32830USA
| | - Eileen Cicotello
- Zoological Consultant250 N.Banana River, Drive E20Merritt IslandFlorida32952USA
| | - Donovan German
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of California321 Steinhaus HallIrvineCalifornia92697USA
| | - Kent Semmen
- Disney's Animals, Science and Environment, Water Sciences2016 North Avenue of the StarsBay LakeFlorida32830USA
| | - Jeffery Keaffaber
- SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment, Environmental Design9205 South Park Center Loop, Suite 400OrlandoFlorida32819USA
| | - Francisco Olea‐Popelka
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & DentistryWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Shannon Livingston
- Disney's Animals, Science and Environment Animal Nutrition1200 East Savannah CircleBay LakeFlorida32830USA
| | - Kathleen Sullivan
- Disney's Animals, Science and Environment Animal Nutrition1200 East Savannah CircleBay LakeFlorida32830USA
| | - Eduardo Valdes
- Disney's Animals, Science and Environment Animal Nutrition1200 East Savannah CircleBay LakeFlorida32830USA
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Bhat RAH, Khangembam VC, Thakuria D, Pant V, Tandel RS, Tripathi G, Sarma D. Antimicrobial Activity of an Artificially Designed Peptide Against Fish Pathogens. Microbiol Res 2022; 260:127039. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Hussain Bhat RA, Thakuria D, Pant V, Khangembam VC, Tandel RS, Shahi N, Sarma D, Tripathi G, Krishnani KK, Krishna G. Antibacterial and antioomycete activities of a novel designed RY12WY peptide against fish pathogens. Microb Pathog 2020; 149:104591. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Mortezaei F, Royan M, Allaf Noveirian H, Babakhani A, Alaie Kordghashlaghi H, Balcázar JL. In vitro assessment of potential probiotic characteristics of indigenous Lactococcus lactis and Weissella oryzae isolates from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum). J Appl Microbiol 2020; 129:1004-1019. [PMID: 32248610 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM The objective of this study was to evaluate the probiotic potential of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from the intestinal ecosystem of rainbow trout. METHODS AND RESULTS Among LAB isolates, 10 of them were selected and screened for resistance to acid and bile salts, pancreatin, sodium chloride and temperature, hydrophobicity, growth profile and antimicrobial activity against fish pathogens. Then, biosafety assessments were investigated. Selected LAB tolerated to gastrointestinal physiological conditions, pancreatin and a range of sodium chloride and temperature. They also exhibited hydrophobicity and showed antagonistic activity against Streptococcus iniae and Yersinia ruckeri. Results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that selected LAB belonged to the Lactococcus lactis (n = 5) and Weissella oryzae (n = 5) species. They exhibited no β-haemolytic activity, while six selected LAB were resistant to some antibiotics. None of them harboured virulence factors. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed probiotic characteristics of indigenous LAB isolated from the intestinal ecosystem of rainbow trout. However, further studies are required to confirm the effectiveness of these isolates as probiotics in aquaculture. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY To the best of our knowledge, for the first time, the presence of probiotic candidates belonging to W. Oryzae was confirmed in fish intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mortezaei
- Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, Iran
| | - M Royan
- North Region Branch, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Iran
| | - H Allaf Noveirian
- Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, Iran
| | - A Babakhani
- Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, Iran
| | - H Alaie Kordghashlaghi
- North Region Branch, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Iran
| | - J L Balcázar
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Girona, Spain.,University of Girona, Girona, Spain
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Amir I, Zuberi A, Kamran M, Imran M, Murtaza MUH. Evaluation of commercial application of dietary encapsulated probiotic (Geotrichum candidum QAUGC01): Effect on growth and immunological indices of rohu (Labeo rohita, Hamilton 1822) in semi-intensive culture system. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 95:464-472. [PMID: 31698070 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Encapsulated probiotic administration can be a nutritional strategy to improve the growth performance and immune status of fish. Here commercial application of encapsulated G. candidum was evaluated as a feed supplement to fingerlings of L. rohita reared in earthen ponds under semi-intensive culture conditions. Fingerlings with an average body weight of 20 ± 2.34 g were distributed randomly in three groups and experiment was conducted in triplicate. The control group (P0) was fed 35% protein basal diet while the two treated groups, P1 and P2 were fed basal diet supplemented with 109 CFU g-1 un-encapsulated (free) and encapsulated G. candidum, respectively, for eleven weeks. Results indicated significantly (P < 0.05) improved growth rate, intestinal enzyme activities (protease, amylase and cellulase) and hemato-immunological indices (RBCs, Hb, HCT, WBCs, MCHC, respiratory bursts and phagocytic activity, total protein, lysozyme, IgM), upregulation of heat shock protein HSP 70 gene in muscle, intestine and liver tissues and reduction of serum AST and ALT activities, total cholesterol and triglyceride in fish fed G. candidum supplemented diets (P1 and P2 groups) as compared to basal diet (P0 group). However, diet supplemented with encapsulated G. candidum showed the most significant (p < 0.001) positive effect in comparison to un-encapsulated probiotic. In conclusion, a pronounced effect of G. candidum especially in the encapsulated form on the growth, health status and immunity of L. rohita reared in semi intensive culture system, suggesting its application as a feed additive in practical/commercial semi-intensive earthen pond culture system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imrana Amir
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Program, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Amina Zuberi
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Program, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Program, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Mahmood Ul Hassan Murtaza
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Program, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
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Kanwal Z, Tayyeb A. Role of dietary probiotic Ecotec in growth enhancement, thyroid tuning, hematomorphology and resistance to pathogenic challenge in Labeo rohita juveniles. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2019.1650050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zakia Kanwal
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Asima Tayyeb
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Yu L, Qiao N, Li T, Yu R, Zhai Q, Tian F, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W. Dietary supplementation with probiotics regulates gut microbiota structure and function in Nile tilapia exposed to aluminum. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6963. [PMID: 31198632 PMCID: PMC6553448 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS AND AIMS Aluminum contamination of water is becoming increasingly serious and threatens the health status of fish. Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM639 was previously shown to be a potential probiotic for alleviation aluminum toxicity in Nile tilapia. Considering the significant role of the gut microbiota on fish health, it seems appropriate to explore the relationships among aluminum exposure, probiotic supplementation, and the gut microbiota in Nile tilapia and to determine whether regulation of the gut microbiota is related to alleviation of aluminum toxicity by a probiotic in Nile tilapia. METHODS AND RESULTS The tilapia were assigned into four groups, control, CCFM639 only, aluminum only, and aluminum + CCFM639 groups for an experimental period of 4 weeks. The tilapia in the aluminum only group were grown in water with an aluminum ion concentration of 2.73 mg/L. The final concentration of CCFM639 in the diet was 108 CFU/g. The results show that environmental aluminum exposure reduced the numbers of L. plantarum in tilapia feces and altered the gut microbiota. As the predominant bacterial phyla in the gut, the abundances of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria in aluminum-exposed fish were significantly elevated and lowered, respectively. At the genus level, fish exposed to aluminum had a significantly lower abundance of Deefgea, Plesiomonas, and Pseudomonas and a greater abundance of Flavobacterium, Enterovibrio, Porphyromonadaceae uncultured, and Comamonadaceae. When tilapia were exposed to aluminum, the administration of a probiotic promoted aluminum excretion through the feces and led to a decrease in the abundance of Comamonadaceae, Enterovibrio and Porphyromonadaceae. Notably, supplementation with a probiotic only greatly decreased the abundance of Aeromonas and Pseudomonas. CONCLUSION Aluminum exposure altered the diversity of the gut microbiota in Nile tilapia, and probiotic supplementation allowed the recovery of some of the diversity. Therefore, regulation of gut microbiota with a probiotic is a possible mechanism for the alleviation of aluminum toxicity in Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Yu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Nanzhen Qiao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Tianqi Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ruipeng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Fengwei Tian
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing, China
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Nandi A, Dan SK, Banerjee G, Ghosh P, Ghosh K, Ringø E, Ray AK. Probiotic Potential of Autochthonous Bacteria Isolated from the Gastrointestinal Tract of Four Freshwater Teleosts. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2018; 9:12-21. [PMID: 27557836 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-016-9228-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a total of 121 bacterial strains were isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of four teleostean species, namely striped snakehead (Channa striatus), striped dwarf catfish (Mystus vittatus), orangefin labeo (Labeo calbasu) and mrigal carp (Cirrhinus mrigala), among which 8 isolates showed promising antibacterial activity against four potential fish pathogens, Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas salmonicida, Aeromonas sobria and Pseudomonas fluorescens and were non-hemolytic. The isolates were further screened in response to fish bile tolerance and extracellular digestive enzyme activity. Two bacterial strains MVF1 and MVH7 showed highest tolerance and extracellular enzymes activities, and selected for further studies. Antagonistic activity of these two isolates was further confirmed by in vitro growth inhibition assay against four selected fish pathogens in liquid medium. Finally, these two bacterial strains MVF1 and MVH7 were selected as potential probiotic candidates and thus identification by partial 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The bacterial isolates MVF1 and MVH7 were identified as two strains of Bacillus sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Nandi
- Fisheries Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Suhas Kumar Dan
- Fisheries Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Goutam Banerjee
- Fisheries Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Pinki Ghosh
- Fisheries Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Koushik Ghosh
- Department of Zoology, University of Burdwan, Golap Bag, Burdwan, West Bengal, 713 104, India
| | - Einar Ringø
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Breivika, Norway
| | - Arun Kumar Ray
- Fisheries Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal, 731235, India.
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Hamm PS, Caimi NA, Northup DE, Valdez EW, Buecher DC, Dunlap CA, Labeda DP, Lueschow S, Porras-Alfaro A. Western Bats as a Reservoir of Novel Streptomyces Species with Antifungal Activity. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:e03057-16. [PMID: 27986729 PMCID: PMC5311414 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03057-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
At least two-thirds of commercial antibiotics today are derived from Actinobacteria, more specifically from the genus Streptomyces Antibiotic resistance and new emerging diseases pose great challenges in the field of microbiology. Cave systems, in which actinobacteria are ubiquitous and abundant, represent new opportunities for the discovery of novel bacterial species and the study of their interactions with emergent pathogens. White-nose syndrome is an invasive bat disease caused by the fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans, which has killed more than six million bats in the last 7 years. In this study, we isolated naturally occurring actinobacteria from white-nose syndrome (WNS)-free bats from five cave systems and surface locations in the vicinity in New Mexico and Arizona, USA. We sequenced the 16S rRNA region and tested 632 isolates from 12 different bat species using a bilayer plate method to evaluate antifungal activity. Thirty-six actinobacteria inhibited or stopped the growth of P. destructans, with 32 (88.9%) actinobacteria belonging to the genus Streptomyces Isolates in the genera Rhodococcus, Streptosporangium, Luteipulveratus, and Nocardiopsis also showed inhibition. Twenty-five of the isolates with antifungal activity against P. destructans represent 15 novel Streptomyces spp. based on multilocus sequence analysis. Our results suggest that bats in western North America caves possess novel bacterial microbiota with the potential to inhibit P. destructansIMPORTANCE This study reports the largest collection of actinobacteria from bats with activity against Pseudogymnoascus destructans, the fungal causative agent of white-nose syndrome. Using multigene analysis, we discovered 15 potential novel species. This research demonstrates that bats and caves may serve as a rich reservoir for novel Streptomyces species with antimicrobial bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paris S Hamm
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Illinois University, Macomb, Illinois, USA
| | - Nicole A Caimi
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Diana E Northup
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Ernest W Valdez
- U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, and Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | | | - Christopher A Dunlap
- Crop Bioprotection Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois, USA
| | - David P Labeda
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois, USA
| | - Shiloh Lueschow
- Crop Bioprotection Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois, USA
| | - Andrea Porras-Alfaro
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Illinois University, Macomb, Illinois, USA
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Banerjee G, Ray AK. The advancement of probiotics research and its application in fish farming industries. Res Vet Sci 2017; 115:66-77. [PMID: 28157611 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fish are always susceptible to a variety of lethal diseases caused by different types of bacterial, fungal, viral and parasitic agents. The unscientific management practises such as, over feeding, high stock densities and destructive fishing techniques increase the probability of disease symptoms in aquaculture industries. According to Food and Agriculture Association (FAO), each and every year several countries such as China, India, Norway, Indonesia, etc. face a huge loss in aquaculture production due to mainly bacterial and viral diseases. The use of antibiotics is a common practise in fish farming sectors to control the disease outbreak. However, the antibiotics are not long term friend because it creates selective pressure for emergence of drug resistant bacteria. Probiotics are live microorganisms that confer several beneficial effects to host (enhances immunity, helps in digestion, protects from pathogens, improves water quality, promotes growth and reproduction) and can be used as an alternative of antibiotics. In recent year, a wide range of bacteria have reported as potential probiotics candidates in fish farming sectors, however, Lactobacillus sp. and Bacillus sp. gain special attention due to their high antagonistic activities, extracellular enzyme production and availability. In this present review, we have summarized the recent advancement in aquaculture probiotics research and its impact on fish health, nutrition, immunity, reproduction and water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goutam Banerjee
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal 731235, India; Center for Nature Conservation and Biosafety (CNCB Pvt. Ltd.; cncb.co.in), Cuttack, Odisha 754132, India.
| | - Arun Kumar Ray
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal 731235, India
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Tarnecki AM, Patterson WF, Arias CR. Microbiota of wild-caught Red Snapper Lutjanus campechanus. BMC Microbiol 2016; 16:245. [PMID: 27769187 PMCID: PMC5073461 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-016-0864-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The microbiota plays an essential role in host health, particularly through competition with opportunistic pathogens. Changes in total bacterial load and microbiota structure can indicate early stages of disease, and information on the composition of bacterial communities is essential to understanding fish health. Although Red Snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) is an economically important species in recreational fisheries and a primary aquaculture candidate, no information is available on the microbial communities of this species. The aim of this study was to survey the microbiota of apparently healthy, wild-caught Red Snapper from the Gulf of Mexico. Sampled Red Snapper showed no physical signs of disease. Tissues that are either primary entry routes for pathogens (feces, gill) or essential to disease diagnosis (blood) were sampled. Bacteria were enumerated using culture-based techniques and characterized by pyrosequencing. Results Aerobic counts of feces and gill samples were 107 and 104 CFU g-1, respectively. All individuals had positive blood cultures with counts up to 23 CFU g-1. Gammaproteobacteria dominated the microbiota of all sample types, including the genera Pseudoalteromonas and Photobacterium in feces and Pseudomonas in blood and gill. Gill samples were also dominated by Vibrio while blood samples had high abundances of Nevskia. High variability in microbiota composition was observed between individuals, with percent differences in community composition ranging from 6 to 76 % in feces, 10 to 58 % in gill, and 52 to 64 % in blood. Conclusions This study provides the first characterization of the microbiota of the economically significant Red Snapper via pyrosequencing. Its role in fish health highlights the importance of understanding microbiota composition for future work on disease prevention using microbial manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Tarnecki
- Mote Marine Laboratory, 1600 Ken Thompson Parkway, Sarasota, FL, 34236, USA.
| | - William F Patterson
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of South Alabama, Life Sciences Building Room 25, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA
| | - Covadonga R Arias
- Auburn University, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, 203 Swingle Hall, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
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Banerjee G, Nandi A, Ray AK. Assessment of hemolytic activity, enzyme production and bacteriocin characterization of Bacillus subtilis LR1 isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of fish. Arch Microbiol 2016; 199:115-124. [PMID: 27590016 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-016-1283-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In the present investigation, probiotic potential (antagonistic activity, enzyme production, hemolytic activity, biosafety, antibiotic sensitivity and bile tolerance level) of Bacillus subtilis LR1 was evaluated. Bacteriocin produced by the bacterial strain B. subtilis LR1 isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of Labeo rohita was purified and characterized. The molecular weight of the purified bacteriocin was ~50 kDa in 12 % Native PAGE and showed inhibitory activity against four fish pathogens such as Bacillus mycoides, Aeromonas salmonicida, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Aeromonas hydrophila. The purified bacteriocin was maximally active at temperature 40 °C and pH 7.0, while none of the tested surfactants affect the bacteriocin activity. Extracellular enzyme activity of the selected bacterial strain was also evaluated. Amylase activity was estimated to be highest (38.23 ± 1.15 µg of maltose liberated mg-1 protein ml-1 of culture filtrate) followed by cellulase and protease activity. The selected bacterium was sensitive to most of the antibiotics used in this experiment, can tolerate 0.25 % bile salt and non-hemolytic in nature. Finally, the efficiency of the proposed probiotic candidate was evaluated in in vivo condition. It was detected that the bacterial strain can effectively reduce bacterial pathogenicity in Indian major carps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goutam Banerjee
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, 7131235, India.
| | - Ankita Nandi
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, 7131235, India
| | - Arun Kumar Ray
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, 7131235, India
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13
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Hamdan A, El-Sayed A, Mahmoud M. Effects of a novel marine probiotic, Lactobacillus plantarum
AH 78, on growth performance and immune response of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus
). J Appl Microbiol 2016; 120:1061-73. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A.M. Hamdan
- Oceanography Department; Faculty of Science; Alexandria University; Alexandria Egypt
| | - A.F.M. El-Sayed
- Oceanography Department; Faculty of Science; Alexandria University; Alexandria Egypt
| | - M.M. Mahmoud
- Oceanography Department; Faculty of Science; Alexandria University; Alexandria Egypt
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Fuente MDL, Miranda CD, Jopia P, González-Rocha G, Guiliani N, Sossa K, Urrutia H. Growth inhibition of bacterial fish pathogens and quorum-sensing blocking by bacteria recovered from chilean salmonid farms. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2015; 27:112-122. [PMID: 26000731 DOI: 10.1080/08997659.2014.1001534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The main goal of this study was to find bacterial isolates with the ability to inhibit the growth of the fish pathogens Aeromonas hydrophila, Vibrio anguillarum, and Flavobacterium psychrophilum and to inhibit the blockage of the quorum-sensing (QS) system. A total of 80 gram-negative strains isolated from various freshwater Chilean salmonid farms were studied. We determined that 10 strains belonging to the genus Pseudomonas inhibited at least one of the assayed fish pathogens. Of these, nine strains were able to produce siderophores and two strains were able to inhibit the growth of all assayed pathogenic species. When the 80 strains were examined for QS-blocking activity, only the strains Pseudomonas sp. FF16 and Raoultella planticola R5B1 were identified as QS blockers. When the QS-blocker strains were analyzed for their ability to produce homoserine lactone (HSL) molecules, thin-layer chromatography analysis showed that both strains were able to produce C6-HSL- and C8-HSL-type molecules. Strain R5B1 did not show growth inhibition properties, but strain FF16 also led to inhibition of growth in A. hydrophila and F. psychrophilum as well as to siderophore production. Pseudomonas sp. FF16 exhibited potentially useful antagonistic properties and could be a probiotic candidate for the salmon farming industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mery de la Fuente
- a Laboratorio de Biotecnología e Ingeniería Acuícola, Departamento de Ingeniería Ambiental y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería , Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción , Alonso de Ribera 2850, Concepción , Chile
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Godara S, Sihag RC, Gupta RK. Effect of Pond Fertilization with Vermicompost and Some Other Manures on the Pathogenic Bacterial Populations of Treated Waters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/jm.2015.230.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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16
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Ambas I, Buller N, Fotedar R. Isolation and screening of probiotic candidates from marron, Cherax cainii (Austin, 2002) gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and commercial probiotic products for the use in marron culture. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2015; 38:467-476. [PMID: 24917311 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Six strains of bacteria including Bacillus mycoides (A10) and Shewanella species (A12) isolated from healthy marron intestine, Bacillus species (PM1), Bacillus subtilis (PM3), Bacillus sp. (PM4) and Bacillus sp. (AQ) from commercial probiotic products were investigated for probiotic potential in marron culture. Antibiotic susceptibility tests indicated PM3 and PM4 were susceptible to all nine antibiotics evaluated. A10, A12 and AQ were resistant to class penicillins, whereas PM1 was resistant to class penicillin and macrolides. All strains were non-pathogenic for marron. Strong inhibition against Vibrio mimicus and Vibrio cholerae non-01 was exhibited by PM4 and PM3. A10 inhibited V. mimicus at 72 h of growth, but not V. cholerae non-01, whereas A12 inhibited V. cholerae non-01 but not V. mimicus, and AQ showed no inhibition activity. A wide range of enzymes were produced by A10 and AQ using the API ZYM test. Protease enzymes were produced by PM3, PM4, AQ and PM1. In order of effectiveness, the following bacteria have probiotic potential: B. subtilis (PM3), Bacillus sp. (PM4) and B. mycoides (A10). Further study is required to determine the bacterium or any combination that gives a multibeneficial effect on marron.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ambas
- Sustainable Aquatic Resources and Biotechnology, Department of Agriculture and Environment, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
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C De B, Meena DK, Behera BK, Das P, Das Mohapatra PK, Sharma AP. Probiotics in fish and shellfish culture: immunomodulatory and ecophysiological responses. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2014; 40:921-971. [PMID: 24419543 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-013-9897-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture is emerging as one of the most viable and promising enterprises for keeping pace with the surging need for animal protein, providing nutritional and food security to humans, particularly those residing in regions where livestock is relatively scarce. With every step toward intensification of aquaculture practices, there is an increase in the stress level in the animal as well as the environment. Hence, disease outbreak is being increasingly recognized as one of the most important constraints to aquaculture production in many countries, including India. Conventionally, the disease control in aquaculture has relied on the use of chemical compounds and antibiotics. The development of non-antibiotic and environmentally friendly agents is one of the key factors for health management in aquaculture. Consequently, with the emerging need for environmentally friendly aquaculture, the use of alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in fish nutrition is now widely accepted. In recent years, probiotics have taken center stage and are being used as an unconventional approach that has numerous beneficial effects in fish and shellfish culture: improved activity of gastrointestinal microbiota and enhanced immune status, disease resistance, survival, feed utilization and growth performance. As natural products, probiotics have much potential to increase the efficiency and sustainability of aquaculture production. Therefore, comprehensive research to fully characterize the intestinal microbiota of prominent fish species, mechanisms of action of probiotics and their effects on the intestinal ecosystem, immunity, fish health and performance is reasonable. This review highlights the classifications and applications of probiotics in aquaculture. The review also summarizes the advancement and research highlights of the probiotic status and mode of action, which are of great significance from an ecofriendly, sustainable, intensive aquaculture point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidhan C De
- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, 700120, West Bengal, India
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Situmorang ML, Dierckens K, Mlingi FT, Van Delsen B, Bossier P. Development of a bacterial challenge test for gnotobiotic Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus larvae. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2014; 109:23-33. [PMID: 24781794 DOI: 10.3354/dao02721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal microbiota have an important impact on fish health and disease, stimulating interest in a better understanding of how these gastrointestinal microbial communities are composed and consequently affect host fitness. In this respect, probiotic microorganisms have been extensively used in recent aquaculture production. To study the use of probiotics in the treatment of infectious diseases, the establishment of a method of experimental infection to obtain consistent results for mortality and infection in challenge tests is important. In pathogen-screening tests, 4 candidate pathogenic bacteria strains (Edwardsiella ictaluri gly09, E. ictaluri gly10, E. tarda LMG2793 and Streptococcus agalactiae LMG15977) were individually tested on xenic Nile tilapia larvae. Only Edwardsiella strains delivered via Artemia nauplii, with or without additional pathogen delivery via the culture water, led to increased mortality in fish larvae. A gnotobiotic Nile tilapia larvae model system was developed to provide a research tool to investigate the effects and modes-of-action of probiotics under controlled conditions. A double disinfection procedure using hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite solution was applied to the fish eggs, which were subsequently incubated in a cocktail of antibiotic and antifungal agents. In the gnotobiotic challenge test, E. ictaluri gly09R was added to the model system via Artemia nauplii and culture water, resulting in a significant mortality of the gnotobiotic fish larvae. The developed gnotobiotic Nile tilapia model can be used as a tool to extend understanding of the mechanisms involved in host-microbe interactions and to evaluate new methods of disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Lenny Situmorang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center (ARC), Department of Animal Production, Ghent University, Rozier 44, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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De la Fuente M, Vidal JM, Miranda CD, González G, Urrutia H. Inhibition of Flavobacterium psychrophilum biofilm formation using a biofilm of the antagonist Pseudomonas fluorescens FF48. SPRINGERPLUS 2013; 2:176. [PMID: 23667820 PMCID: PMC3650236 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The most important bacterial pathology currently occurring in Chilean freshwater salmon farming is the cold-water disease produced by the psychrotrophic bacteria Flavobacterium psychrophilum. The main aim of this study was to characterize the inhibitory activity of an antagonist strain on the formation of biofilms of a F. psychrophilum strain. The antagonistic strain Pseudomonas fluorescens FF48 was isolated from the sediment beneath the salmon cages of a freshwater Chilean salmon farm and was identified by using the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The production of siderophores, mainly during the stationary phase of growth of the antagonist strain was demonstrated using the Chrome Azurol S method and through F. psychrophilum inhibition under iron saturation conditions. Subsequently, the effect of the antagonist supernatant on the formation of F. psychrophilum biofilm was tested using the crystal violet staining method observing an inhibition of the growth of F. psychrophilum, but no effect was observed when iron saturation concentrations were used. Furthermore, when the antagonist strain was previously deposited on the support, it completely inhibited the formation of F. psychrophilum biofilms, but when both bacteria were inoculated simultaneously no inhibitory effect was detected. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that FF48 strain is able to inhibit the formation of F. psychrophilum biofilms in vitro probably mediated by the siderophore production, suggesting its potential use as a biocontrol biofilm in freshwater fish rearing systems to prevent the persistence of biofilms of the fish pathogenic species F. psychrophilum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mery De la Fuente
- Biofilms and Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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Sharma P, C. Sihag R, Gahlawat S. Relative Efficacy of Two Probiotics in Controlling the Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome Disease in Mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala Ham.). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.3923/jfas.2013.305.322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kamgar M, Ghane M. Evaluation of Bacillus subtilis Effect as Probiotic on Hematological Parameters of Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) Following Experimental Infection with Streptococcus iniae. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3923/jfas.2012.422.430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Fouzi MM, Shariff M, Yusoff FM. Stress Quantification in Penaeus monodon Exposed to Different Levels of Ammonia and Subsequent Infection to WSSV. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3923/rjvs.2012.13.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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