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Cai Z, Wang Y, You Y, Yang N, Lu S, Xue J, Xing X, Sha S, Zhao L. Introduction of Cellulolytic Bacterium Bacillus velezensis Z2.6 and Its Cellulase Production Optimization. Microorganisms 2024; 12:979. [PMID: 38792808 PMCID: PMC11124521 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12050979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Enzyme-production microorganisms typically occupy a dominant position in composting, where cellulolytic microorganisms actively engage in the breakdown of lignocellulose. Exploring strains with high yields of cellulose-degrading enzymes holds substantial significance for the industrial production of related enzymes and the advancement of clean bioenergy. This study was inclined to screen cellulolytic bacteria, conduct genome analysis, mine cellulase-related genes, and optimize cellulase production. The potential carboxymethylcellulose-hydrolyzing bacterial strain Z2.6 was isolated from the maturation phase of pig manure-based compost with algae residuals as the feedstock and identified as Bacillus velezensis. In the draft genome of strain Z2.6, 31 related cellulolytic genes were annotated by the CAZy database, and further validation by cloning documented the existence of an endo-1,4-β-D-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.4) belonging to the GH5 family and a β-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) belonging to the GH1 family, which are predominant types of cellulases. Through the exploration of ten factors in fermentation medium with Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken design methodologies, maximum cellulase activity was predicted to reach 2.98 U/mL theoretically. The optimal conditions achieving this response were determined as 1.09% CMC-Na, 2.30% salinity, and 1.23% tryptone. Validation under these specified conditions yielded a cellulose activity of 3.02 U/mL, demonstrating a 3.43-fold degree of optimization. In conclusion, this comprehensive study underscored the significant capabilities of strain Z2.6 in lignocellulolytic saccharification and its potentialities for future in-depth exploration in biomass conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Cai
- SDU-ANU Joint Science College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (Z.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.Y.); (N.Y.); (S.L.); (J.X.); (X.X.)
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Yi Wang
- SDU-ANU Joint Science College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (Z.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.Y.); (N.Y.); (S.L.); (J.X.); (X.X.)
| | - Yang You
- SDU-ANU Joint Science College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (Z.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.Y.); (N.Y.); (S.L.); (J.X.); (X.X.)
| | - Nan Yang
- SDU-ANU Joint Science College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (Z.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.Y.); (N.Y.); (S.L.); (J.X.); (X.X.)
| | - Shanshan Lu
- SDU-ANU Joint Science College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (Z.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.Y.); (N.Y.); (S.L.); (J.X.); (X.X.)
| | - Jianheng Xue
- SDU-ANU Joint Science College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (Z.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.Y.); (N.Y.); (S.L.); (J.X.); (X.X.)
| | - Xiang Xing
- SDU-ANU Joint Science College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (Z.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.Y.); (N.Y.); (S.L.); (J.X.); (X.X.)
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Sha Sha
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Lihua Zhao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
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Boondaeng A, Keabpimai J, Trakunjae C, Vaithanomsat P, Srichola P, Niyomvong N. Cellulase production under solid-state fermentation by Aspergillus sp. IN5: Parameter optimization and application. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26601. [PMID: 38434300 PMCID: PMC10907733 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbial cellulases are highly versatile catalysts with significant potential in various industries, including pulp and paper, textile manufacturing, laundry, biofuel production, food and animal feed, brewing, and agriculture. Cellulases have attracted considerable attention from the scientific community owing to their broad industrial applications and the complex nature of enzymatic systems. In the present study, a novel fungal isolate of Aspergillus sp. IN5 was used to produce cellulases. We optimized each parameter, including carbon source, incubation temperature, pH, and incubation time, for maximum cellulase production using isolate IN5 under solid-state fermentation conditions. The optimized parameters for cellulase production by isolate IN5 under solid-state fermentation were as follows: substrate, soybean residue; incubation temperature, 35 °C; pH, 7.0; and incubation duration, 5 days. These conditions resulted in the highest total cellulase activity (0.26 U/g substrate), and carboxymethyl cellulase and β-glucosidase activities of 3.32 and 196.09 U/g substrate, respectively. The obtained fungal cellulase was used for the enzymatic hydrolysis of acid- or alkali-pretreated rice straw, which served as a model substrate. Notably, compared with acid pretreatment, the pretreatment of rice straw with diluted alkali led to higher yields of reducing sugars. Maximum reducing sugar yield (286.06 ± 2.77 mg/g substrate) was obtained after 24-h incubation of diluted alkali-pretreated rice straw mixed with an enzyme loading of 15 U/g substrate. The findings of this study provide an alternative strategy for utilizing agricultural waste and an approach to efficiently produce cellulase for the degradation of lignocellulosic materials, with promising benefits for sustainable waste management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antika Boondaeng
- Kasetsart Agricultural and Agro-Industrial Product Improvement Institute, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Jureeporn Keabpimai
- Kasetsart Agricultural and Agro-Industrial Product Improvement Institute, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Chanaporn Trakunjae
- Kasetsart Agricultural and Agro-Industrial Product Improvement Institute, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Pilanee Vaithanomsat
- Kasetsart Agricultural and Agro-Industrial Product Improvement Institute, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Preeyanuch Srichola
- Kasetsart Agricultural and Agro-Industrial Product Improvement Institute, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Nanthavut Niyomvong
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Nakhon Sawan Rajabhat University, Nakhon Sawan 60000, Thailand
- Science Center, Nakhon Sawan Rajabhat University, Nakhon Sawan 60000, Thailand
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Gares M, Benaissa A, Hiligsmann S, Cherfia R, Flahaut S, Alloun W, Djelid H, Chaoua S, Kacem Chaouche N. Box-Behnken design optimization of xylanase and cellulase production by Aspergillus fumigatus on Stipa tenacissima biomass. Mycologia 2023:1-19. [PMID: 37216583 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2023.2205331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Optimization of xylanase and cellulase production by a newly isolated Aspergillus fumigatus strain grown on Stipa tenacissima (alfa grass) biomass without pretreatment was carried out using a Box-Behnken design. First, the polysaccharides of dried and ground alfa grass were characterized using chemical methods (strong and diluted acid). The effect of substrate particle size on xylanase and carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase) production by the selected and identified strain was then investigated. Thereafter, experiments were statistically planned with a Box-Behnken design to optimize initial pH, cultivation temperature, moisture content, and incubation period using alfa as sole carbon source. The effect of these parameters on the two enzyme production was evaluated using the response surface method. Analysis of variance was also carried out, and production of the enzymes was expressed using a mathematical equation depending on the influencing factors. The effects of individual, interaction, and square terms on production of both enzymes were represented using the nonlinear regression equations with significant R2 and P-values. Xylanase and CMCase production levels were enhanced by 25% and 27%, respectively. Thus, this study demonstrated for the first time the potential of alfa as a raw material to produce enzymes without any pretreatment. A set of parameter combinations was found to be effective for the production of xylanase and CMCase by A. fumigatus in an alfa-based solid-state fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroua Gares
- Laboratory of Mycology, Biotechnology and Microbial Activity, Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Brothers Mentouri, Constantine 25017, Algeria
| | - Akila Benaissa
- Drug and Sustainable Development Laboratory, Faculty of Process Engineering, University Salah Boubnider-Constantine 3, Constantine 25000, Algeria
| | - Serge Hiligsmann
- 3BIO-BioTech, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Av. F. Roosevelt 50, CP 165/61, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Radia Cherfia
- Laboratory of Mycology, Biotechnology and Microbial Activity, Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Brothers Mentouri, Constantine 25017, Algeria
| | - Sigrid Flahaut
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Interfaculty School of Bioengineers, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Wiem Alloun
- Laboratory of Mycology, Biotechnology and Microbial Activity, Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Brothers Mentouri, Constantine 25017, Algeria
| | - Hadjer Djelid
- Laboratory of Mycology, Biotechnology and Microbial Activity, Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Brothers Mentouri, Constantine 25017, Algeria
| | - Samah Chaoua
- Laboratory of Mycology, Biotechnology and Microbial Activity, Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Brothers Mentouri, Constantine 25017, Algeria
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Interfaculty School of Bioengineers, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Noreddine Kacem Chaouche
- Laboratory of Mycology, Biotechnology and Microbial Activity, Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Brothers Mentouri, Constantine 25017, Algeria
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Naitam MG, Tomar GS, Kaushik R. Optimization and production of holocellulosic enzyme cocktail from fungi Aspergillus nidulans under solid-state fermentation for the production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate). Fungal Biol Biotechnol 2022; 9:17. [PMID: 36527155 PMCID: PMC9758824 DOI: 10.1186/s40694-022-00147-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of petroleum-based plastics increased dramatically following industrialization. Because of multifaceted properties such as durability, thermostability, water resistance, and many others, these plastics have become an indispensable part of daily life. However, while improving people's quality of life, indiscriminate use of plastics has caused pollution and raised environmental concerns. To address this situation and reduce environmental risks, microbially produced biopolymers such as poly-3-hydroxyalkanoates can be used to make bioplastics that are completely biodegradable under normal environmental conditions. At the moment, the cost of bioplastic production is high when compared to petroleum-based plastics, so alternate strategies for making the bioplastic process economical are urgently needed. Agricultural waste is abundant around the world and can be efficiently used as a low-cost renewable feedstock after pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. Fungi are well known as primary degraders of lignocellulosic waste, and this property was used in the current study to enzymatically hydrolyze the pretreated paddy straw for the production of reducing sugars, which were then used in the microbial fermentation for the production of PHB. In this study, Aspergillus nidulans was used to advance a low-cost and efficient enzyme hydrolysis system for the generation of reducing sugars from lignocellulosic biomass. For the production of the holocellulosic enzyme complex, the fungus was grown on wheat straw with Reese mineral medium as a wetting agent. After 216 h of solid-state fermentation at 30 °C, pH 6.0, the enzyme extract from A. nidulans demonstrated the highest activity, CMCase 68.58 (± 0.55), FPase 12.0 (± 0.06), Xylanase 27.17 (± 0.83), and β-glucosidase 1.89 (± 0.037). The initial pH, incubation temperature, and time all had a significant impact on final enzyme activity. Enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated paddy straw produced reducing sugars (8.484 to 30.91 gL-1) that were then used to produce poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) using halophilic bacterial isolates. Burkholderia gladioli 2S4R1 and Bacillus cereus LB7 accumulated 26.80% and 20.47% PHB of the cell dry weight, respectively. This suggests that the holocellulosic enzyme cocktail could play a role in the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials and the production of PHA from less expensive feedstocks such as agricultural waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayur G. Naitam
- grid.418196.30000 0001 2172 0814Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Govind Singh Tomar
- grid.418196.30000 0001 2172 0814Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Rajeev Kaushik
- grid.418196.30000 0001 2172 0814Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
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5
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Srivastava N, Singh R, Srivastava M, Syed A, Bahadur Pal D, Bahkali AH, Mishra PK, Gupta VK. Impact of mixed lignocellulosic substrate and fungal consortia to enhance cellulase production and its application in NiFe 2O 4 nanoparticles mediated enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat straw. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 345:126560. [PMID: 34915113 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Economic biowaste to biofuels production technology suffers from issues including high production cost of cellulase enzyme and its low efficiency. In this study five lignocellulosic biomass based on their high cellulosic contents are employed in 1:1 ratio with mixed fungal consortia to achieve enhance cellulase production via solid state fermentation. Under the optimum condition total 41 IU/gds FP activity was achieved in 120 h at 40 °C and pH 6.0. Further, crude cellulase was evaluated to improve thermal and pH stability under the influence of 2.0 mg/L NiFe2O4 nanoparticles, showed stability at 70 °C and pH 6.0 up to 8 h. Consequently, NiFe2O4 nanoparticles treated cellulase was used for the enzymatic hydrolysis of alkali treated wheat straw, and total 53 g/L reducing sugars could be produced in 18 h at 65 °C and pH 6.0. Thus, nanoparticles mediated enzymatic hydrolysis exhibited ∼ 29% and ∼ 28% higher sugar yield and productivity as compared to control after 18 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Rajeev Singh
- Department of Environmental Studies, Satyawati College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110052, India
| | - Manish Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Asad Syed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dan Bahadur Pal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Ali H Bahkali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - P K Mishra
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Biorefiningand Advanced Materials Research Center, SRUC, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK; Centerfor Safe and Improved Food, SRUC, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK.
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Assessment and evaluation of cellulase production using ragi (Eleusine coracana) husk as a substrate from thermo-acidophilic Aspergillus fumigatus JCM 10253. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 44:113-126. [PMID: 32851534 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02428-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The cellulase production by filamentous fungi Aspergillus fumigatus JCM 10253 was carried out using agro-industrial waste ragi husk as a substrate in the microbial fermentation. The effect of the process parameters such as temperature, substrate concentration, pH, and incubation process time and their interdependence was studied using response surface methodology. The optimum cellulase activities were obtained at 50 °C under the conditions with 1-2% of substrate concentration at pH 2-4 for the incubation period of 7-8 days. The maximum carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) and β-glucosidase activities with optimized process variables were 95.2 IU/mL and 0.174 IU/mL, respectively. The morphological characterization of fungus by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed the presence of secondary protein structures. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that the application of ragi husk could be a promising feedstock for value-added industrial products. The thermo-acidophilic nature of isolated strain Aspergillus fumigatus JCM 10253 possessed a significant potential for higher titer of cellulase production that could be further employed for lignocellulosic bioethanol production.
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Sarsaiya S, Jain A, Kumar Awasthi S, Duan Y, Kumar Awasthi M, Shi J. Microbial dynamics for lignocellulosic waste bioconversion and its importance with modern circular economy, challenges and future perspectives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 291:121905. [PMID: 31387838 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
An extensive use of microbial dynamics for utilizing the lignocellulosic wastes has been attributed to their efficiency in bioenergy and bioproducts development as a cost effective high nutritional value. The integration of lignocellulosic waste into the circular economy can scaleup the sustainable bioproducts and bioenergy development. In this review paper, the aim is to describe the existing research efforts on organic lignocellulosic waste, cellulase producing microbes, their potential enzyme, modern circular economy with associated challenges and future perspectives. Presently, it has been reviewed that microbial cellulases have provided treasure bioproducts visions into industrial bioproducts marvels unveiled through lignocellulosic waste cutting-edge microbial explorations. Furthermore, the review focused on new insights of the growing circular economy of lignocellulosic waste used for many bioproducts and bioenergy dealings and explored the emergent lignocellulosic biorefinery approaches which could then be applied to review industrial-scale sustainable economic models for upgraded bioproducts and other production associated problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendra Sarsaiya
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China; Bioresource Institute for Healthy Utilization, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Archana Jain
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yumin Duan
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jingshan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
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Dong M, Wang S, Xiao G, Xu F, Hu W, Li Q, Chen J, Li W. Cellulase production by Aspergillus fumigatus MS13.1 mutant generated by heavy ion mutagenesis and its efficient saccharification of pretreated sweet sorghum straw. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Nair AS, Al-Battashi H, Al-Akzawi A, Annamalai N, Gujarathi A, Al-Bahry S, Dhillon GS, Sivakumar N. Waste office paper: A potential feedstock for cellulase production by a novel strain Bacillus velezensis ASN1. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 79:491-500. [PMID: 30343780 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the cellulase (FPase) production by newly isolated Bacillus velezensis ASN1 using waste office paper (WOP) as feedstock and optimization of production conditions through two level factorial design, steepest ascent/descent and second order response surface methodology (RSM). Various fermentation parameters, like chemical factors (potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium chloride, yeast extract, magnesium sulphate, sodium nitrate, Tween 80, and waste office paper), physical factors (temperature, pH and time) and biological factor (inoculum size) were examined using two level full factorial design to check the key factors significantly affecting the cellulase production. The central composite design (CCD) was used to optimize the vital fermentation parameters, such as carbon (WOP), nitrogen, pH, and inoculum concentration in the medium for achieving higher cellulase production. The optimum medium composition was found to be WOP (9 g/L), sodium nitrate (0.35 g/L), inoculum size (6.56%) and pH 4.72. The model prediction of 2.46 U/mL cellulase activity at optimum conditions was verified experimentally as 2.42 U/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Sadasivan Nair
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Huda Al-Battashi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Ahlam Al-Akzawi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Neelamegam Annamalai
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Ashish Gujarathi
- Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Saif Al-Bahry
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | | | - Nallusamy Sivakumar
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.
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Saroj P, P M, Narasimhulu K. Characterization of thermophilic fungi producing extracellular lignocellulolytic enzymes for lignocellulosic hydrolysis under solid-state fermentation. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2018. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-018-0216-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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11
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Optimization of production conditions for xylanase production by newly isolated strain Aspergillus niger through solid state fermentation of oil palm empty fruit bunches. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Obeng EM, Adam SNN, Budiman C, Ongkudon CM, Maas R, Jose J. Lignocellulases: a review of emerging and developing enzymes, systems, and practices. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2017. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-017-0146-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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13
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Gopalan N, Nampoothiri KM, Szakacs G, Parameswaran B, Pandey A. Solid-state fermentation for the production of biomass valorizing feruloyl esterase. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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SASKIAWAN IWAN, HASANAH NUR. Screening, purification and characterization of cellulase from fungi isolated from used mushroom substrate. MICROBIOLOGY INDONESIA 2015. [DOI: 10.5454/mi.9.4.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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15
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El-Metwally MM, Ghoneem KM, Saber WEDIA. Mycobiota variation in stored rice straw and its cellulolytic profile. Pak J Biol Sci 2015; 17:1037-45. [PMID: 26031023 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2014.1037.1045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Rice Straw (RS) one of most important agrowaste worldwide. Variation in mycobiota inhabiting long stored RS and its cellulolytic profile were studied. The highest number of fungi (23 species) was recovered from 1st storage period (1-3 year). Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus sp., Cladosporium herbarum, Fusarium incarnatum, Geotrichum candidum, Penicillium sp., Stemphylium lycopersici and Ulocladium atrum are the most frequent genera. Among 21 fungal species recovered in the 2nd period (3-5 year), Cladosporium herbarum, Fusarium incarnatum, Stemphylium lycopersici and Ulocladium atrum recorded 100% frequency, whereas Ulocladium atrum, Veticillium lecanii, Stemphylium lycopersici and Penicillium sp., were the most frequent species in the 3rd period (> 5 years). Regarding the pathogenic fungal isolates, Nigrospora oryzae was the most frequent with high intensity in all samples of the three storage periods, whereas Alternaria padwikii reached the highest frequency and intensity in the 1st period and absent the 2nd and 3rd ones. The isolated fungal species showed a high production of cellulases comparing to previous studies with positive and significant correlation between FPase from one side and CMCase (r = 0.634, p ≤ 0.05) and β-glucosidase (r = 0.775, p ≤ 0.05) from the other side.
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Pathak P, Bhardwaj NK, Singh AK. Production of crude cellulase and xylanase from Trichoderma harzianum PPDDN10 NFCCI-2925 and its application in photocopier waste paper recycling. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 172:3776-97. [PMID: 24574249 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-0758-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This paper implies production of cellulase and xylanase enzyme using a potent strain of Trichoderma harzianum for the efficient deinking of photocopier waste papers. Different nutritional and environmental factors were optimized for higher production of cellulase along with xylanase. After fermentation, maximum enzyme extraction was achieved from fermented matter using a three-step extraction process with increased efficiency by 26.6-29.3 % over single-step extraction. Static solid state was found as the best fermentation type using wheat bran (WB) as carbon source and ammonium ferrous sulfate (0.02 M) as nitrogen source. Subsequently, inoculum size (8 × 10(6) CFU/gds), incubation days (4 days), temperature (34 °C), initial pH (6.0), and moisture ratio (1:3) significantly affected the enzyme production. Cellulase and xylanase activities were found to be maximum at pH 5.5 and temperature 55-60 °C with good stability (even up to 6 h). Furthermore, this crude enzyme was evaluated for the deinking of photocopier waste papers without affecting the strength properties with improved drainage as an additional advantage. The crude enzyme-deinked pulp showed 23.6 % higher deinking efficiency and 3.2 % higher brightness than chemically deinked pulp. Strength properties like tensile, burst indices, and folding endurance were also observed to improve by 6.7, 13.4, and 10.3 %, respectively, for enzyme-deinked pulp. However, the tear index was decreased by 10.5 %. The freeness of the pulp was also increased by 21.6 % with reduced drainage time by 13.9 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Pathak
- Department of Paper Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur, 247001, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Mehboob N, Asad MJ, Asgher M, Gulfraz M, Mukhtar T, Mahmood RT. Exploring thermophilic cellulolytic enzyme production potential of Aspergillus fumigatus by the solid-state fermentation of wheat straw. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 172:3646-55. [PMID: 24562980 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-0796-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cellulases can be used for biofuel production to decrease the fuel crises in the world. Microorganisms cultured on lignocellulosic wastes can be used for the production of cellulolytic enzymes at large scale. In the current study, cellulolytic enzyme production potential of Aspergillus fumigatus was explored and optimized by employing various cultural and nutritional parameters. Maximum endoglucanase production was observed after 72 h at 55 °C, pH 5.5, and 70 % moisture level. Addition of 0.3 % of fructose, peptone, and Tween-80 further enhanced the production of endoglucanase. Maximum purification was achieved with 40 % ammonium sulfate, and it was purified 2.63-fold by gel filtration chromatography. Endoglucanase has 55 °C optimum temperature, 4.8 optimum pH, 3.97 mM K m, and 8.53 μM/mL/min V max. Maximum exoglucanase production was observed at 55 °C after 72 h, at pH 5.5, and 70 % moisture level. Further addition of 0.3 % of each of fructose, peptone, and Tween-80 enhances the secretion of endoglucanase. It was purified 3.30-fold in the presence of 40 % ammonium sulfate followed by gel filtration chromatography. Its optimum temperature was 55 °C, optimum pH was 4.8, 4.34 mM K m, and 7.29 μM/mL/min V max. In the case of β-glucosidase, maximum activity was observed after 72 h at 55 °C, pH 5.5, and 70 % moisture level. The presence of 0.3 % of fructose, peptone, and Tween-80 in media has beneficial impact on β-glucosidase production. A 4.36-fold purification was achieved by 40 % ammonium sulfate precipitation and gel filtration chromatography. Optimum temperature of β-glucosidase was 55 °C, optimum pH was 4.8, K m was 4.92 mM, and V max 6.75 μM/mL/min. It was also observed that fructose is better than glucose, and peptone is better than urea for the growth of A. fumigatus. The K m and V max values indicated that endoglucanase, exoglucanase, and β-glucosidase have good affinity for their substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazia Mehboob
- Department of Biochemistry, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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Aspergillus fumigatusNITDGPKA3 Provides for Increased Cellulase Production. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/959845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A cellulolytic fungal strain,Aspergillus fumigatusNITDGPKA3, was isolated from straw retting ground. Cellulase and xylanase production byA. fumigatusNITDGPKA3 in submerged fermentation of rice straw was studied. The culture conditions for maximum enzyme production were found to be initial pH 4, 1% substrate concentration, temperature 30°C, incubation time 5 days, 0.2% tryptone as nitrogen source, and inoculum volumes 7% v/v (for cellulase) and 5% v/v (for xylanase). Addition of Tween 80 in fermentation broth improved xylanase production (193.58 IU/ml) much more compared to cellulase production (6.53 IU/ml). Xylanase activity found in the culture broth was approximately 50% higher compared to most of the reported data. The crude enzyme was further applied for reducing sugar production from alkali pretreated rice straw, where a dosage of 40 IU/g CMCase produced 0.522 g reducing sugar/g dry substrate after 36 hours which was higher than that in the reported literature. The high concentration of reducing sugar yield was most probably due to the extraordinarily high titer ofβ-glucosidase (80.1 IU/ml) found in the crude enzyme. The crude enzymes secreted byAspergillus fumigatusNITDGPKA3 efficiently hydrolyzed alkali pretreated rice straw suggesting thatAspergillus fumigatusNITDGPKA3 is a robust microorganism.
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Oberoi HS, Rawat R, Chadha BS. Response surface optimization for enhanced production of cellulases with improved functional characteristics by newly isolated Aspergillus niger HN-2. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2013; 105:119-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-013-0060-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Ang S, E.M. S, Y. A, A.A S, M.S M. Production of cellulases and xylanase by Aspergillus fumigatus SK1 using untreated oil palm trunk through solid state fermentation. Process Biochem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2013.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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ElMekawy A, Diels L, De Wever H, Pant D. Valorization of cereal based biorefinery byproducts: reality and expectations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:9014-27. [PMID: 23931701 PMCID: PMC3774676 DOI: 10.1021/es402395g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The growth of the biobased economy will lead to an increase in new biorefinery activities. All biorefineries face the regular challenges of efficiently and economically treating their effluent to be compatible with local discharge requirements and to minimize net water consumption. The amount of wastes resulting from biorefineries industry is exponentially growing. The valorization of such wastes has drawn considerable attention with respect to resources with an observable economic and environmental concern. This has been a promising field which shows great prospective toward byproduct usage and increasing value obtained from the biorefinery. However, full-scale realization of biorefinery wastes valorization is not straightforward because several microbiological, technological and economic challenges need to be resolved. In this review we considered valorization options for cereals based biorefineries wastes while identifying their challenges and exploring the opportunities for future process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed ElMekawy
- Separation
and Conversion Technologies, VITO-Flemish Institute for
Technological Research,
Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology
Research Institute, Minufiya University, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Ludo Diels
- Separation
and Conversion Technologies, VITO-Flemish Institute for
Technological Research,
Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Heleen De Wever
- Separation
and Conversion Technologies, VITO-Flemish Institute for
Technological Research,
Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Deepak Pant
- Separation
and Conversion Technologies, VITO-Flemish Institute for
Technological Research,
Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
- Phone: +32 14336969; fax: +32 14326586; e-mail: ;
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Ibrahim MF, Razak MNA, Phang LY, Hassan MA, Abd-Aziz S. Crude cellulase from oil palm empty fruit bunch by Trichoderma asperellum UPM1 and Aspergillus fumigatus UPM2 for fermentable sugars production. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 170:1320-35. [PMID: 23666614 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0275-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cellulase is an enzyme that converts the polymer structure of polysaccharides into fermentable sugars. The high market demand for this enzyme together with the variety of applications in the industry has brought the research on cellulase into focus. In this study, crude cellulase was produced from oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) pretreated with 2% NaOH with autoclave, which was composed of 59.7% cellulose, 21.6% hemicellulose, and 12.3% lignin using Trichoderma asperellum UPM1 and Aspergillus fumigatus UPM2. Approximately 0.8 U/ml of FPase, 24.7 U/ml of CMCase and 5.0 U/ml of β-glucosidase were produced by T. asperellum UPM1 at a temperature of 35 °C and at an initial pH of 7.0. A 1.7 U/ml of FPase, 24.2 U/ml of CMCase, and 1.1 U/ml of β-glucosidase were produced by A. fumigatus UPM2 at a temperature of 45 °C and at initial pH of 6.0. The crude cellulase was best produced at 1% of substrate concentration for both T. asperellum UPM1 and A. fumigatus UPM2. The hydrolysis percentage of pretreated OPEFB using 5% of crude cellulase concentration from T. asperellum UPM1 and A. fumigatus UPM2 were 3.33% and 19.11%, with the reducing sugars concentration of 1.47 and 8.63 g/l, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Ibrahim
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Optimization of cellulase production using Trichoderma reesei by RSM and comparison with genetic algorithm. Front Chem Sci Eng 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-012-1225-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Bansal N, Tewari R, Soni R, Soni SK. Production of cellulases from Aspergillus niger NS-2 in solid state fermentation on agricultural and kitchen waste residues. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2012; 32:1341-6. [PMID: 22503148 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2012.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Revised: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Various agricultural and kitchen waste residues were assessed for their ability to support the production of a complete cellulase system by Aspergillus niger NS-2 in solid state fermentation. Untreated as well as acid and base-pretreated substrates including corn cobs, carrot peelings, composite, grass, leaves, orange peelings, pineapple peelings, potato peelings, rice husk, sugarcane bagasse, saw dust, wheat bran, wheat straw, simply moistened with water, were found to be well suited for the organism's growth, producing good amounts of cellulases after 96 h without the supplementation of additional nutritional sources. Yields of cellulases were higher in alkali treated substrates as compared to acid treated and untreated substrates except in wheat bran. Of all the substrates tested, wheat bran appeared to be the best suited substrate producing appreciable yields of CMCase, FPase and β-glucosidase at the levels of 310, 17 and 33 U/g dry substrate respectively. An evaluation of various environmental parameters demonstrated that appreciable levels of cellulases could be produced over a wide range of temperatures (20-50 °C) and pH levels (3.0-8.0) with a 1:1.5 to 1:1.75 substrate to moisture ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namita Bansal
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
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Diversity of cellulolytic microbes and the biodegradation of municipal solid waste by a potential strain. Int J Microbiol 2012; 2012:325907. [PMID: 22518141 PMCID: PMC3299345 DOI: 10.1155/2012/325907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Municipal solid waste contains high amounts of cellulose, which is an ideal organic waste for the growth of most of microorganism as well as composting by potential microbes. In the present study, Congo red test was performed for screening of microorganism, and, after selecting a potential strains, it was further used for biodegradation of organic municipal solid waste. Forty nine out of the 250 different microbes tested (165 belong to fungi and 85 to bacteria) produced cellulase enzyme and among these Trichoderma viride was found to be a potential strain in the secondary screening. During the biodegradation of organic waste, after 60 days, the average weight losses were 20.10% in the plates and 33.35% in the piles. There was an increase in pH until 20 days. pH however, stabilized after 30 days in the piles. Temperature also stabilized as the composting process progressed in the piles. The high temperature continued until 30 days of decomposition, after which the temperature dropped to 40°C and below during the maturation. Good quality compost was obtained in 60 days.
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Submerged fermentation of wheat bran by Aspergillus flavus for production and characterization of carboxy methyl cellulase. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60132-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Wang D, Sun J, Yu HL, Li CX, Bao J, Xu JH. Maximum Saccharification of Cellulose Complex by an Enzyme Cocktail Supplemented with Cellulase from Newly Isolated Aspergillus fumigatus ECU0811. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2011; 166:176-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-011-9414-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gautam SP, Bundela PS, Pandey AK, Khan J, Awasthi MK, Sarsaiya S. Optimization for the production of cellulase enzyme from municipal solid waste residue by two novel cellulolytic fungi. BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2011; 2011:810425. [PMID: 21350668 PMCID: PMC3042683 DOI: 10.4061/2011/810425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The main purpose of this study is to reduce the production cost of cellulase by optimizing the production medium and using an alternative carbon source such as municipal solid waste residue. In the present investigation, we aim to isolate the two novel cellulase producing fungi (Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma sp.) from municipal solid waste. Municipal solid waste residue (4-5% (w/v)) and peptone and yeast extract (1.0% (w/v)) were found to be the best combination of carbon and nitrogen sources for the production of cellulase by A. niger and Trichoderma sp. Optimum temperature and pH of the medium for the cellulase production by A. niger were 40°C and 6-7, whereas those for the production of cellulase by Trichoderma sp. were 45°C and 6.5. Cellulase production from A. niger and Trichoderma sp. can be an advantage as the enzyme production rate is normally higher as compared to other fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Gautam
- Central Pollution Control Board, New Delhi, India
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