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Loureiro Damasceno JP, Silva da Rosa H, Silva de Araújo L, Jacometti Cardoso Furtado NA. Andrographis paniculata Formulations: Impact on Diterpene Lactone Oral Bioavailability. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2022; 47:19-30. [PMID: 34816382 PMCID: PMC8609994 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-021-00736-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Diterpene lactones have been identified as active compounds in several medicinal plants, including Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees, which is a medicinal plant that has been used for centuries across the world. Andrographolide is the major diterpene from A. paniculata and the main bioactive constituent of this species. The effectiveness of diterpenes can be affected by factors that limit their oral bioavailability, such as their poor water solubility, slow dissolution rates, low gastrointestinal absorption, high chemical and metabolic instability, and rapid excretion. In this context, the purpose of the present review is to compile and compare literature data on the bioavailability of diterpene lactones from A. paniculata after oral administration in medicinal plant extracts or in their free forms and to highlight strategies that have been used to improve their oral bioavailability. Considering that medicinal plant extracts are commonly used as dried powder that is reconstituted in water before oral administration, novel pharmaceutical formulation strategies that are used to overcome difficulties with diterpene solubility are also compiled in this review. The use of self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems is a good strategy to enhance the dissolution and consequently the bioavailability of andrographolide after oral administration of A. paniculata extract formulations. On the other hand, herbosome technology, pH-sensitive nanoparticles, nanosuspensions, nanoemulsions, nanocrystal suspensions, nanocrystal-based solid dispersions, and solid dispersion systems are useful to formulate andrographolide in its free form and increase its oral bioavailability. The use of a suitable andrographolide delivery system is essential to achieve its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Paulo Loureiro Damasceno
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Hemerson Silva da Rosa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Luciana Silva de Araújo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Niege Araçari Jacometti Cardoso Furtado
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil.
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Ginsenoside 20(S)-Rh2 promotes cellular pharmacokinetics and intracellular antibacterial activity of levofloxacin against Staphylococcus aureus through drug efflux inhibition and subcellular stabilization. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:1930-1941. [PMID: 34462563 PMCID: PMC8564512 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00751-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) often causes clinical failure and relapse after antibiotic treatment. We previously found that 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh2 [20(S)-Rh2] enhanced the therapeutic effect of quinolones in a mouse model of peritonitis, which we attributed to the increased concentrations of quinolones within bacteria. In this study, we investigated the enhancing effect of 20(S)-Rh2 on levofloxacin (LVF) from a perspective of intracellular bacteria. In S. aureus 25923-infected mice, coadministration of LVF (1.5 mg/kg, i.v.) and 20(S)-Rh2 (25, 50 mg/kg, i.g.) markedly increased the survival rate, and decreased intracellular bacteria counts accompanied by increased accumulation of LVF in peritoneal macrophages. In addition, 20(S)-Rh2 (1, 5, 10 μM) dose-dependently increased the uptake and accumulation of LVF in peritoneal macrophages from infected mice without drug treatment. In a model of S. aureus 25923-infected THP-1 macrophages, we showed that 20(S)-Rh2 (1, 5, 10 μM) dose-dependently enhanced the intracellular antibacterial activity of LVF. At the cellular level, 20(S)-Rh2 increased the intracellular accumulation of LVF by inhibiting P-gp and BCRP. PK-PD modeling revealed that 20(S)-Rh2 altered the properties of the cell but not LVF. At the subcellular level, 20(S)-Rh2 did not increase the distribution of LVF in lysosomes but exhibited a stronger sensitizing effect in acidic environments. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations showed that 20(S)-Rh2 improved the stability of the DNA gyrase-LVF complex in lysosome-like acidic conditions. In conclusion, 20(S)-Rh2 promotes the cellular pharmacokinetics and intracellular antibacterial activities of LVF against S. aureus through efflux transporter inhibition and subcellular stabilization, which is beneficial for infection treatment.
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Pharmacokinetic changes of norfloxacin based on expression of MRP2 after acute exposure to high altitude at 4300 m. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 89:1078-1085. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.02.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Pholphana N, Panomvana D, Rangkadilok N, Suriyo T, Puranajoti P, Ungtrakul T, Pongpun W, Thaeopattha S, Songvut P, Satayavivad J. Andrographis paniculata: Dissolution investigation and pharmacokinetic studies of four major active diterpenoids after multiple oral dose administration in healthy Thai volunteers. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 194:513-521. [PMID: 27702690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Andrographis paniculata is included in 'The National List of Essential Herbal Drugs A.D. 1999' of Thailand as an herbal drug for the treatment of common cold symptoms and non-infectious diarrhea. The therapeutic activities of A. paniculata are attributed to four major active diterpenoids: andrographolide (1), 14-deoxy-11, 12-didehydroandrographolide (2), neoandrographolide (3), and 14-deoxyandrographolide (4). However, the pharmacokinetic studies in humans of this plant were performed after a single oral dose administration and reported the parameters related to be of only 1. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of four major active diterpenoids after multiple oral dose administration of A. paniculata capsules in healthy volunteers. The dissolution testing of these four diterpenoids was also performed. MATERIALS AND METHOD The dissolution testing of four major active diterpenoids was conducted in pH 1.2, pH 4.5, and pH 6.8 for 10-100min. The pharmacokinetic study of these active diterpenoids was designed as an open-label, multiple oral dose administration of A. paniculata capsules in 20 healthy Thai volunteers at 1:1 ratio of female and male. Each volunteer was given four A. paniculata capsules each time which contained 1, 2, 3, and 4 in the quantities of 32.64, 5.40, 3.60, and 3.84mg, respectively, three times a day for three consecutive days. On the fourth day, after the first dose of the day was administered, blood samples were collected at the predefined time points. The validated LC-MS/MS method was used to simultaneously determine the concentrations of these diterpenoids in the human plasma samples. The pharmacokinetic parameters of each active diterpenoid were determined. RESULTS All four major active diterpenoids have been completely dissolved in the simulated pH of gastrointestinal tract within 60min of dissolution. The dissolution profiles were found to be highest in pH 6.8 and lowest in pH 1.2, especially for 3. In the pharmacokinetic study, although 1 was administered at the highest dose among these four diterpenoids, 2 exhibited the highest maximum concentrations (Cmax) of 44.89ng/mL and area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of 128.17h×ng/mL. Compound 1 had the second highest Cmax and AUC as 32.41ng/mL and 55.23h×ng/mL, respectively. The relative systemic exposure, represented by the dose normalized AUC [(h×ng/mL)/(mg/kg)], of 2 was approximately 14 times higher than that of 1, while those of 3 and 4 were approximately 1.5 and 1.6 times higher, respectively. Cmax, AUC, apparent volume of distribution, and apparent clearance of 2 were found to be significant difference between female and male. However, when these parameters were calculated as dose normalized basis, no statistically significant difference was found. CONCLUSION The four major active diterpenoids in the A. paniculata capsules were soluble in all studied dissolution media. The pharmacokinetic parameters of these active diterpenoids in the present study could be applied for dose optimization of A. paniculata product in order to obtain good therapeutic efficacy and reduce the possible side effects that may occur from different active diterpenoids in this medicinal plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanthanit Pholphana
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Duangchit Panomvana
- Translational Research Unit, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Nuchanart Rangkadilok
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; Environmental Toxicology Program, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Tawit Suriyo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Porranee Puranajoti
- Translational Research Unit, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | | | | | - Saichit Thaeopattha
- Translational Research Unit, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Phanit Songvut
- Translational Research Unit, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Jutamaad Satayavivad
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; Environmental Toxicology Program, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, Office of Higher Education Commission, Ministry of Education, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
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Andrographia paniculata a Miracle Herbs for cancer treatment: In vivo and in vitro studies against Aflatoxin B1 Toxicity. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Mead RJ, Higginbottom A, Allen SP, Kirby J, Bennett E, Barber SC, Heath PR, Coluccia A, Patel N, Gardner I, Brancale A, Grierson AJ, Shaw PJ. S[+] Apomorphine is a CNS penetrating activator of the Nrf2-ARE pathway with activity in mouse and patient fibroblast models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 61:438-52. [PMID: 23608463 PMCID: PMC3684770 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Compelling evidence indicates that oxidative stress contributes to motor neuron injury in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but antioxidant therapies have not yet achieved therapeutic benefit in the clinic. The nuclear erythroid 2-related-factor 2 (Nrf2) transcription factor is a key regulator of an important neuroprotective response by driving the expression of multiple cytoprotective genes via its interaction with the antioxidant response element (ARE). Dysregulation of the Nrf2-ARE system has been identified in ALS models and human disease. Taking the Nrf2-ARE pathway as an attractive therapeutic target for neuroprotection in ALS, we aimed to identify CNS penetrating, small molecule activators of Nrf2-mediated transcription in a library of 2000 drugs and natural products. Compounds were screened extensively for Nrf2 activation, and antioxidant and neuroprotective properties in vitro. S[+]-Apomorphine, a receptor-inactive enantiomer of the clinically approved dopamine-receptor agonist (R[-]-apomorphine), was identified as a nontoxic Nrf2 activating molecule. In vivo S[+]-apomorphine demonstrated CNS penetrance, Nrf2 induction, and significant attenuation of motor dysfunction in the SOD1(G93A) transgenic mouse model of ALS. S[+]-apomorphine also reduced pathological oxidative stress and improved survival following an oxidative insult in fibroblasts from ALS patients. This molecule emerges as a promising candidate for evaluation as a potential neuroprotective agent in ALS patients in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Mead
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, 385A Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Adrian Higginbottom
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, 385A Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Scott P Allen
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, 385A Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Janine Kirby
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, 385A Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Ellen Bennett
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, 385A Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Siân C Barber
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, 385A Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Paul R Heath
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, 385A Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Antonio Coluccia
- Welsh School of Pharmacy, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3NB Wales, UK
| | - Neelam Patel
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, 385A Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Iain Gardner
- SimCyp, Blades Enterprise Centre, John Street, Sheffield, S2 4SU, UK
| | - Andrea Brancale
- Welsh School of Pharmacy, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3NB Wales, UK
| | - Andrew J Grierson
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, 385A Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Pamela J Shaw
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, 385A Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK.
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Varma A, Padh H, Shrivastava N. Andrographolide: a new plant-derived antineoplastic entity on horizon. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2011:815390. [PMID: 19752167 PMCID: PMC3139959 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nep135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2009] [Accepted: 08/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Plant-derived natural products occupy an important position in the area of cancer chemotherapy. Molecules such as vincristine, vinblastine, paclitaxel, camptothecin derivatives, epipodophyllotoxin, and so forth, are invaluable contributions of nature to modern medicine. However, the quest to find out novel therapeutic compounds for cancer treatment and management is a never-ending venture; and diverse plant species are persistently being studied for identification of prospective anticancer agents. In this regard, Andrographis paniculata Nees, a well-known plant of Indian and Chinese traditional system of medicines, has drawn attention of researchers in recent times. Andrographolide, the principal bioactive chemical constituent of the plant has shown credible anticancer potential in various investigations around the globe. In vitro studies demonstrate the capability of the compound of inducing cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in a variety of cancer cells at different concentrations. Andrographolide also shows potent immunomodulatory and anti-angiogenic activities in tumorous tissues. Synthetic analogues of the compound have also been created and analyzed, which have also shown similar activities. Although it is too early to predict its future in cancer chemotherapy, the prologue strongly recommends further research on this molecule to assess its potential as a prospective anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astha Varma
- B. V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education & Research Development (PERD) Centre, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Thaltej, Ahmedabad 380054, Gujarat, India
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