Effects of Biofloc Application on Survival Rate, Growth Performance and Specific Growth Rate of Pacific Whiteleg Shrimp, <i>Penaeus vannamei </i>Culture in Closed Hatchery System

Utilization of Sugarcane Bagasse (Saccharum officinarum Linn.) as a Carbon Source in Biofloc System of Vaname Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

<b>Background and Objective:</b> Vaname shrimp (<i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>) is one of the main economic commodities in aquaculture in the world. Biofloc is a cultivation technology that effectively improves the growth and health status of vaname shrimp. This research aimed to analyze the use of bagasse as a carbon source in the biofloc system for white shrimp cultivation. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> The shrimp used were 18 g/individual shrimp obtained from the Bone Marine and Fisheries Polytechnic Pond. Sugarcane bagasse processed from sugar factory waste was dried in an oven at 60°C and ground using a flouring machine. The research treatments included biofloc application where sugarcane bagasse played a role as a carbon source (L), biofloc application where wheat flour's role was as a carbon source (T) and control or no biofloc application (K). <b>Results:</b> This research showed that sugarcane bagasse could be used as a carbon source for white shrimp biofloc cultivation where the growth value tended to be the same as wheat flour. Total hemolytic count (THC) and shrimp survival in sugarcane bagasse biofloc were as good as wheat flour biofloc. Sugarcane bagasse biofloc had the same ability as wheat flour biofloc in reducing ammonia levels in the rearing media. Sugarcane bagasse biofloc had the same ability as wheat flour biofloc in reducing ammonia levels in the rearing media. The application of bagasse had no effect on temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and salinity of the rearing media because this treatment was in the optimal range for the growth of vaname shrimp. <b>Conclusion:</b> Sugarcane bagasse has the potential to be a carbon source in biofloc systems because it could improve growth, health status, survival and water quality.

Effects of dietary Ginkgo biloba leaf extract on growth performance, immunity and environmental stress tolerance of Penaeus vannamei

Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (GBE) has been extensively used in the treatment of diseases due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects. In aquaculture, GBE is widely used as a feed additive, which is important to enhance the immunity of aquatic animals. The current study evaluated the effects of adding GBE to the diet of Penaeus vannamei (P. vannamei) under intensive aquaculture. The GBE0 (control group), GBE1, GBE2, and GBE4 groups were fed a commercial feed supplemented with 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 g/kg GBE for 21 days, respectively. The results showed that dietary GBE could alleviate hepatopancreas tissue damage and improve the survival rate of shrimp, and dietary 2 g/kg GBE could significantly increase the total hemocyte count (THC), the hemocyanin content, the antioxidant gene's expression, and the activity of their encoded enzymes in P. vannamei. Furthermore, transcriptome data revealed that immunity-related genes were upregulated in the GBE2 group compared with the GBE0 group after 21 days of culture. Drug metabolism-cytochrome P450, sphingolipid metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism, fat digestion and protein digestion and absorption pathways were significantly enriched, according to KEGG results. Surprisingly, all of the above KEGG-enriched pathways were significantly upregulated. These findings demonstrated that supplementing P. vannamei with 2 g/kg GBE improved its environmental adaptability by improving immunity, lipid metabolism, and detoxification. In this study, a comprehensive evaluation of the effects of dietary GBE on the intensive aquaculture of P. vannamei was conducted to provide a reference for the healthy culture of P. vannamei.

Development of top-dressing automation technology for sustainable shrimp aquaculture in India

Globally, the shrimp farming industry faces increasing challenges and pressure to reduce the broken shrimps and maintain a healthier pond environment. Shrimps lack an adaptive immune system to combat invading pathogens due to an imbalance in beneficial gut microbiota. The use of top-dressing agents like probiotics and pond optimizes is an alternative strategy to improve the innate immune system leading produce disease-free shrimp in international markets. The cost of top-dressing agents is accounted for 20% of the production cost and therefore, the development of top-dressing automation technology is important to maintain and improve the financial and environmental viability of shrimp sustainable farming. This perspective described several sensor-based aquaculture technologies for on-farm management systems but sustainability in the aquaculture industry is not yet achieved in practice. The present technology is a new invention to reduce labor and production costs required for reducing bacterial and organic loads in Biofloc shrimp cultures. Aquaculture automation system disperses the top-dressing agents to the shrimp ponds based on the signals received from microbial and environmental sensors. Continuous monitoring of shrimp growth, mortality, immune responses, diseases, and pond water quality parameters will fetch larger profits with additional savings on labor and production costs for sustainable shrimp aquaculture in India.