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Zhou Y, Ma Y, Wu Q, Wang Q, Yang WFZ, Wang Y, Yang D, Luo Y, Tang K, Liu T, Wang D. Comparison of Thyroid Hormone Levels Between Patients With Major Depressive Disorder and Healthy Individuals in China. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:750749. [PMID: 34721116 PMCID: PMC8551614 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.750749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal thyroid function in major depressive disorder (MDD) has been studied extensively, but the results still remain inconsistent. In China, few large-scale studies have investigated the differences in the levels of thyroid hormones between patients with MDD and healthy controls (HCs). In this retrospective, cross-sectional study, 535 MDD patients and 998 HCs were included. We compared the levels of thyroid hormones (FT3, FT4, and TSH) between the two groups, as well as investigated the distribution of levels of thyroid hormones within and outside normal ranges. The results showed that all the three hormones were significantly lower in MDD patients than in HCs, which was also true in different gender and age subgroups. The proportion of subjects with levels of all the three hormones outside the normal range in the MDD group was higher than that in the HC group (all p < 0.05). However, no significant difference was found in clinical/subclinical hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism between the two groups (p > 0.05). Our study showed that the levels of thyroid hormones were lower in MDD patients, suggesting that there was an association between abnormal thyroid function and depression. The higher rate of thyroid dysfunction in MDD patients indicated the importance of regular monitoring of thyroid function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Hunan Brain Hospital (Hunan Second People's Hospital), Changsha, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuejiao Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiuxia Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qianjin Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Winson Fu Zun Yang
- Department of Psychological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Yunfei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Hunan Brain Hospital (Hunan Second People's Hospital), Changsha, China
| | - Yinli Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, Hunan Brain Hospital (Hunan Second People's Hospital), Changsha, China
| | - Kewei Tang
- Changqiao Compulsory Isolation and Rehabilitation Center, Changsha, China
| | - Tieqiao Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dongfang Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Abulseoud O, Sane N, Cozzolino A, Kiriakos L, Mehra V, Gitlin M, Masseling S, Whybrow P, Altshuler LL, Mintz J, Frye MA. Free T4 index and clinical outcome in patients with depression. J Affect Disord 2007; 100:271-7. [PMID: 17123630 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2006.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2006] [Revised: 10/10/2006] [Accepted: 10/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many studies of patients with major depression have reported that a significant decrease in serum free T(4) index is associated with specific treatments; what has been unanswered is whether these observations are generalizable. This study evaluated baseline thyroid function and its relationship to rapidity of treatment response as measured by hospital length of stay (HLOS). METHODS Admission thyroid indices and HLOS data were harvested from the medical record of patients hospitalized for depression, both unipolar and bipolar. The relationship between admission thyroid indices and HLOS was evaluated using survival models. RESULTS Controlling for age and year of discharge, an inverse relationship between FT(4) index (FT(4)I) and HLOS was present in men, but not in women. The mean HLOS stratified by gender and median FT(4)I was 50% shorter in men with a relatively high FT(4)I in comparison to the other three groups. LIMITATIONS This is a retrospective study limited by the absence of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview and prospective controlled antidepressant evaluation. CONCLUSION These data would suggest that a relatively elevated FT(4) index in depressed men is associated with a faster antidepressant response time. Prospective study is encouraged to further clarify this potential thyroid/gender relationship and whether thyroid supplementation can accelerate the improvement in depression as measured by HLOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Abulseoud
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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