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Peripartum Pubic Symphysis Diastasis-Practical Guidelines. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10112443. [PMID: 34072828 PMCID: PMC8198205 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10112443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimal development of a fetus is made possible due to a lot of adaptive changes in the woman’s body. Some of the most important modifications occur in the musculoskeletal system. At the time of childbirth, natural widening of the pubic symphysis and the sacroiliac joints occur. Those changes are often reversible after childbirth. Peripartum pubic symphysis separation is a relatively rare disease and there is no homogeneous approach to treatment. The paper presents the current standards of diagnosis and treatment of pubic diastasis based on orthopedic and gynecological indications.
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Norvilaite K, Kezeviciute M, Ramasauskaite D, Arlauskiene A, Bartkeviciene D, Uvarovas V. Postpartum pubic symphysis diastasis-conservative and surgical treatment methods, incidence of complications: Two case reports and a review of the literature. World J Clin Cases 2020; 8:110-119. [PMID: 31970176 PMCID: PMC6962077 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i1.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Widening of the pubic joint of more than 10 mm is diagnostic and defined as pubic symphysis diastasis and is considered a complication of vaginal childbirth or pregnancy. As it is a rare pathology (ranging from 1 in 300 to 1 in 30000 pregnancies), no gold standard treatment has been defined.
CASE SUMMARY This study examines two cases, a 27-year-old woman (gravida 1, para 1) and a 32-year-old woman (gravida 2, para 2), who presented to the clinic after uneventful vaginal deliveries. A normal pregnancy with no complications was observed in both patients. Severe pain in the pubic region occurred after labour and was accompanied by complicated locomotion. Pubic symphysis diastasis was confirmed radiologically and bed rest with lateral decubitus positioning was recommended. Oral non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs were administered to relieve pain exacerbations. The symptoms decreased after treatment. Post-treatment magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the first case showed a reduction in symphyseal separation with no signs of osteitis. Three years later the symptoms recurred; MRI examination showed no further symphyseal widening or signs of osteitis. A relapse of symphyseal separation was diagnosed and conservative treatment was re-administered resulting in successful recovery. In the second case, pain recurred when the patient conceived for the second time. This time no benefit following conservative treatment was observed. Persistent pain and complicated locomotion led to scoliotic deformation of the lumbar part of the spine and leg length discrepancy, thus surgical treatment was chosen and internal pubic synthesis was performed.
CONCLUSION Overall, surgical treatment resulting from insufficient conservative treatment showed a high risk of postoperative complications following the treatment of postpartum pubic symphysis diastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Norvilaite
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius LT-08661, Lithuania
| | - Monika Kezeviciute
- Vilnius University, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius LT-08661, Lithuania
| | - Diana Ramasauskaite
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius LT-08661, Lithuania
| | - Audrone Arlauskiene
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius LT-08661, Lithuania
| | - Daiva Bartkeviciene
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius LT-08661, Lithuania
| | - Valentinas Uvarovas
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius LT-08661, Lithuania
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Coelho KS, Shintre H, Shyamkul A, Rani B. Rent in the Vent: A Rare Event: Parturition-Induced Rupture of Pubic Symphysis and Dislocation of Sacroiliac Joint After Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery. J Obstet Gynaecol India 2016; 66:590-593. [PMID: 27803516 DOI: 10.1007/s13224-015-0798-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kiran S Coelho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lilavati Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Hemant Shintre
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lilavati Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India ; Lilavati Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Ashish Shyamkul
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lilavati Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Bindu Rani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lilavati Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India
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Herren C, Dienstknecht T, Siewe J, Kobbe P, Pape HC, Hildebrand F. [Chronic instability of the pubic symphysis : Etiology, diagnostics and treatment management]. Unfallchirurg 2016; 119:433-46. [PMID: 27146805 DOI: 10.1007/s00113-016-0166-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The most frequent causes of chronic instability of the pubic symphysis are sports-related continual overload and traumatic symphyseal injuries. Acute injury of the pubic symphysis may be the result of external forces acting on the anterior pelvic ring or the result of internal forces, such as those arising during parturition. The postpartum form of instability following a complication-free birth is reversible and usually returns to normal within a few months through strengthening of the pelvic floor muscles. Residual instability of the pubis symphysis is on the whole a rare complication. Although established therapy options for acute symphyseal separation can be found in the literature, there are only a few case reports on chronic symphyseal instability. There are no guidelines on standardized therapy options. This review article examines the etiology, clinical findings, diagnostic techniques and management options for patients suffering from chronic symphyseal instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Herren
- Klinik für Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Deutschland.
| | - T Dienstknecht
- Klinik für Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Deutschland
| | - J Siewe
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Köln, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Köln, Deutschland
| | - P Kobbe
- Klinik für Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Deutschland
| | - H C Pape
- Klinik für Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Deutschland
| | - F Hildebrand
- Klinik für Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Deutschland
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Abstract
The pubic symphysis is a midline, nonsynovial joint that connects the right and left superior pubic rami. The interposed fibrocartilaginous disk is reinforced by a series of ligaments that attach to it. The joint allows very limited movement of approximately 0.5-1mm. Under hormonal stimulation during pregnancy, there is widening of the symphysis pubis and the sacroiliac joints. Diastasis wider than 15 mm is considered subdislocation and is generally associated with pain, swelling, and occasionally deformity. Most cases can be treated conservatively. However, internal or external surgical stabilization may occasionally be required.
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Simultaneous Disruption of the Pubic Symphysis and Sacroiliac Joint during Vaginal Birth. Case Rep Orthop 2015; 2015:812132. [PMID: 26078900 PMCID: PMC4452851 DOI: 10.1155/2015/812132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Puerperal diastasis of the pubic symphysis is a rare intrapartum complication. This report presents the case of a woman who experienced synchronous pubic symphysis and sacroiliac joint separations induced by vaginal delivery. Case. A 32-year-old woman (gravida 2, parity 2) with an uncomplicated prenatal course developed acute-onset anterior pubic pain during vaginal delivery. The pain persisted postpartum and was exacerbated by leg movement. Physical and radiographic examinations showed a pubic symphyseal separation of 2.4 cm, accompanied by a 10 mm disruption of the left sacroiliac joint. The patient was treated conservatively with pain-relief medication; bed rest, mostly in the left lateral decubitus position; closed reduction and application of a pelvic binder; use of a walker; and physical therapy. Conclusion. The patient responded to conservative management. She was essentially pain-free and regained movement and ambulation by 12 weeks postpartum.
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Herren C, Sobottke R, Dadgar A, Ringe MJ, Graf M, Keller K, Eysel P, Mallmann P, Siewe J. Peripartum pubic symphysis separation--Current strategies in diagnosis and therapy and presentation of two cases. Injury 2015; 46:1074-80. [PMID: 25816704 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2015.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During spontaneous vaginal delivery, pubic symphyseal widening is normal. Common changes are reversible after complication-free birth. However, cases of peripartum symphysis separation are rare. There is no consensus in the literature on how to treat pregnancy-related pubic symphysis separation. METHODS This review used a literature-based search (PubMed, 1900-2013) and analysis of 2 own case reports. Studies with conclusions regarding management were particularly considered. RESULTS Characteristic symptoms, suprapubic pain and tenderness radiating to the posterior pelvic girdle or lower back, may be noted 48 h after delivery. Pain on movement, especially walking or climbing stairs, is often present. Conservative treatments, such as a pelvic brace with physiotherapy and local interventions such as infiltration, are successful in most cases. Symptom reduction within 6 weeks is the most common outcome, but can take up to 6 months in some cases. Surgical intervention is needed in cases of persistent separation. Anterior plate fixation is offered as a well-known and safe procedure. Minimally invasive SI joint screw fixation is required in cases of combined posterior pelvic girdle lesions. SUMMARY Postpartum symphyseal rupture can be indicated with the rare occurrence of pelvic pain post-delivery, with sciatica or lumbago and decreased mobility. The diagnosis is made on clinical findings, as well as radiographs of the pelvic girdle. Conservative treatment with a pelvic brace is the gold standard in pre- and postpartum cases of symphysis dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Herren
- University Clinic RWTH Aachen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - R Sobottke
- Medical Center of the City/Region Aachen GmbH, Center for Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Mauerfeldchen 25, 52146 Würselen, Germany
| | - A Dadgar
- University of Oklahoma-Tulsa, Department of Orthopedics, 2424 E 21st Street Suite 320, Tulsa, 74113 OK, United States
| | - M J Ringe
- Medical Center of the City/Region Aachen GmbH, Center for Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Mauerfeldchen 25, 52146 Würselen, Germany
| | - M Graf
- Medical Center of the City/Region Aachen GmbH, Center for Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Mauerfeldchen 25, 52146 Würselen, Germany
| | - K Keller
- University Hospital Cologne, Clinic and Polyclinic for Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Köln, Germany
| | - P Eysel
- University Hospital Cologne, Clinic and Polyclinic for Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Köln, Germany
| | - P Mallmann
- University Hospital Cologne, Clinic and Polyclinic for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Köln, Germany
| | - J Siewe
- University Hospital Cologne, Clinic and Polyclinic for Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Köln, Germany
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Yoo JJ, Ha YC, Lee YK, Hong JS, Kang BJ, Koo KH. Incidence and risk factors of symptomatic peripartum diastasis of pubic symphysis. J Korean Med Sci 2014; 29:281-6. [PMID: 24550659 PMCID: PMC3924011 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2014.29.2.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was undertaken to determine incidence, associated risk factors, and clinical outcomes of a diastasis of pubic symphysis. Among 4,151 women, who delivered 4,554 babies at the Department of Obstetrics of Seoul National University Bundang hospital from January 2004 to December 2006, eleven women were diagnosed as having a symptomatic diastasis of pubic symphysis. We estimated the incidence of the diastasis and identified the associated risk factors. To evaluate the pain relief and reduction of diastasis we followed up the 11 diastatic patients. The incidence of the diastasis was 1/385. Primiparity (P = 0.010) and twin gestation (P = 0.016) appeared as risk factors for diastasis by univairable analysis; and twin gestation appeared to be the only risk factor (P = 0.006) by logistic analysis. Two patients were operated due to intractable pain; and the remaining nine patients were treated conservatively. The diastatic gap decreased to less than 1.5 cm by 2 to 6 weeks after the diagnosis and then remained stationary. At a mean follow-up of 22.1 months (range, 12 to 47 months), five of 11 patients had persistent symphysis pubis dysfunction. Diastasis is more frequent than generally acknowledged. Pregnant women with multiple gestations should be informed about the potential risk of pubic symphysis diastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Joon Yoo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Chan Ha
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Kyun Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Seok Hong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bun-Jung Kang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Kyung-Hoi Koo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Treatment of parturition-induced rupture of pubic symphysis after spontaneous vaginal delivery. Case Rep Obstet Gynecol 2014; 2014:485916. [PMID: 24551465 PMCID: PMC3914324 DOI: 10.1155/2014/485916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Parturition-induced rupture of pubic symphysis is an uncommon but severe complication of delivery. Characteristic symptoms are an immediate onset of suprapubic and/or sacroiliac pain within the first 24 hours postpartum, often accompanied by an audible crack. Diagnosis can be confirmed by imaging including X-ray, Magnet Resonance Imaging (MRI), and ultrasound. However, there is no consensus on the optimal therapy. Conservative treatment is predominantly used. It has been reported that, in cases of extreme symphyseal rupture with pelvic instability or persisting pain after conservative therapy, operative treatment achieves a successful outcome. In this report, we present a case of a twenty-year-old primigravida who developed suprapubic pain after a nonoperative vaginal birth with shoulder dystocia. A rupture of pubic symphysis with a gap of 60 mm was confirmed by means of X-ray and MRI. Simultaneously, other pelvic joint injuries could be excluded. Operative treatment by an open reduction and internal plate fixation yielded excellent results.
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Fidan U, Ulubay M, Keskin U, Fıratlıgil FB, Karaşahin KE, Ege T, Ergün A. Postpartum symphysis pubis separation. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2013; 92:1336-7. [DOI: 10.1111/aogs.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulaş Fidan
- Obstetrics and Gynecology; Gulhane Military Medical Academy; Ankara; Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ulubay
- Obstetrics and Gynecology; Gulhane Military Medical Academy; Ankara; Turkey
| | - Uğur Keskin
- Obstetrics and Gynecology; Gulhane Military Medical Academy; Ankara; Turkey
| | | | - Kazım E. Karaşahin
- Obstetrics and Gynecology; Gulhane Military Medical Academy; Ankara; Turkey
| | - Tolga Ege
- Obstetrics and Gynecology; Gulhane Military Medical Academy; Ankara; Turkey
| | - Ali Ergün
- Obstetrics and Gynecology; Gulhane Military Medical Academy; Ankara; Turkey
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Osterhoff G, Ossendorf C, Ossendorf-Kimmich N, Zimmermann R, Wanner GA, Simmen HP, Werner CM. Surgical Stabilization of Postpartum Symphyseal Instability: Two Cases and a Review of the Literature. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2012; 73:1-7. [DOI: 10.1159/000331055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 07/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Although peripartum pubic symphysis diastasis is an uncommon complication of delivery, it can lead to considerable and sometimes long-term disability. Although the initial clinical examination and diagnostic workup for this complication are relatively straightforward, the best treatment for a peripartum pubic symphysis diastasis is less clear. Historically, nearly all women were treated conservatively with bed rest and pelvic binders. However, more recent case reports have described more invasive orthopedic procedures being used to help speedy recovery. In this study, we present a case of a 22-year-old primigravida who had a severe pubic symphysis separation after a vaginal delivery complicated by a shoulder dystocia. We also reviewed the literature on this topic over the past 20 years to gain a better understanding of the clinical factors surrounding peripartum pubic symphysis separation and the treatment option available to women with this complication. TARGET AUDIENCE Obstetricians & Gynecologists. LEARNING OBJECTIVES After completing this CME activity, physicians should be better able to identify the clinical factors that associated with peripartum pubic symphysis separation; perform a diagnostic workup when a peripartum pubic symphysis separation is suspected; distinguish the conservative and invasive orthopedic interventions available for the treatment of peripartum pubic symphysis separation; and show that the degree of patient disability after peripartum pubic symphysis separation varies greatly and no clinical factors or diagnostic studies effectively predict the course of patient recovery.
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