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Han J, Dong H, Zhu T, Wei Q, Wang Y, Wang Y, Lv Y, Mu H, Huang S, Zeng K, Xu J, Ding J. Biochemical hallmarks-targeting antineoplastic nanotherapeutics. Bioact Mater 2024; 36:427-454. [PMID: 39044728 PMCID: PMC11263727 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironments (TMEs) have received increasing attention in recent years as they play pivotal roles in tumorigenesis, progression, metastases, and resistance to the traditional modalities of cancer therapy like chemotherapy. With the rapid development of nanotechnology, effective antineoplastic nanotherapeutics targeting the aberrant hallmarks of TMEs have been proposed. The appropriate design and fabrication endow nanomedicines with the abilities for active targeting, TMEs-responsiveness, and optimization of physicochemical properties of tumors, thereby overcoming transport barriers and significantly improving antineoplastic therapeutic benefits. This review begins with the origins and characteristics of TMEs and discusses the latest strategies for modulating the TMEs by focusing on the regulation of biochemical microenvironments, such as tumor acidosis, hypoxia, and dysregulated metabolism. Finally, this review summarizes the challenges in the development of smart anti-cancer nanotherapeutics for TME modulation and examines the promising strategies for combination therapies with traditional treatments for further clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Han
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, 100 Haining Street, Shanghai, 200080, PR China
| | - He Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, 100 Haining Street, Shanghai, 200080, PR China
| | - Tianyi Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, 100 Haining Street, Shanghai, 200080, PR China
| | - Qi Wei
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, PR China
| | - Yongheng Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, 100 Haining Street, Shanghai, 200080, PR China
| | - Yu Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, 100 Haining Street, Shanghai, 200080, PR China
| | - Haoran Mu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, 100 Haining Street, Shanghai, 200080, PR China
| | - Shandeng Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, 100 Haining Street, Shanghai, 200080, PR China
| | - Ke Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, 100 Haining Street, Shanghai, 200080, PR China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, 100 Haining Street, Shanghai, 200080, PR China
| | - Jianxun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, PR China
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Wang L, Chen Y, Sui YC, Tan XQ, Zhou Z, Li N, Xu LP. Metformin Attenuates Liver Fat Content: Finding from Schizophrenia Patients with Olanzapine-induced Weight Gain. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2020; 18:67-74. [PMID: 31958907 PMCID: PMC7006974 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2020.18.1.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of metformin on liver fat content (LFC) in first episode schizophrenia patients with olanzapine-induced weight gain, and the relationship between the change of LFC and the other metabolic indices. Methods In a double-blind study, the clinically stable inpatients with first-episode schizophrenia under olanzapine monotherapy who gained more than 7% of their baseline weight were randomly assigned to two groups; one with olanzapine plus metformin (1,000 mg/day) (metformin group) and the other with olanzapine plus placebo (placebo group) for 16 weeks. All patients continued to maintain the original olanzapine dosage. LFC was measured by magnetic resonance imaging at baseline and at the end of 16 weeks, respectively. At the same time, glucose and lipid metabolism, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were measured respectively, analyzing the correlation between the change value of LFC and other indicators. Results Over the 16-week study period, LFC value in metformin group decreased compared with baseline. LFC change across the 16-week treatment period was −2.91% for the metformin group and 0.59% for the placebo group, with a between-group difference of −3.5% (95% confidence interval, −6.08 to −0.93; p = 0.009). Compared to baseline, in the metformin group, triglyceride and HOMA-IR reduced significantly, while high density lipoprotein cholesterol increased significantly at weeks 16. There was positive correlation between LFC changes and triglycerides, HOMA-IR changes significantly. Conclusion Metformin can significantly attenuate LFC in schizophrenia patients with olanzapine-induced weight gain. It may be related to the improvement of the part of the glucolipid metabolic indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, No.102 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Changzhou, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun-Chuan Sui
- Department of Psychiatry, No.102 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Changzhou, China
| | - Xing-Qi Tan
- Psychiatry Center, No.102 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Changzhou, China
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Department of Radiology, No.102 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Changz0hou, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Psychiatry, No.102 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Changzhou, China
| | - Le-Ping Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, No.102 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Changzhou, China
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Liefhebber JM, Martier R, Van der Zon T, Keskin S, Huseinovic A, Lubelski J, Blits B, Petry H, Konstantinova P. In-Depth Characterization of a Mifepristone-Regulated Expression System for AAV5-Mediated Gene Therapy in the Liver. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2019; 13:512-525. [PMID: 31194088 PMCID: PMC6551379 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy is being developed for the treatment of inherited diseases, whereby a therapeutic gene is continuously expressed in patients after delivery via viral vectors such as adeno-associated virus (AAV). Depending on the transgene, there could be a limited therapeutic window, and regulating timing and levels of transgene expression is advantageous. To control transgene transcription, the regulatory system GeneSwitch (GS) was evaluated in detail both in vitro and in vivo. The classical two-plasmid mifepristone (MFP)-inducible GS system was put into one plasmid or a single AAV5 vector. Our data demonstrate the inducibility of multiple transgenes and the importance of promoter and regulatory elements within the GS system. Mice injected with AAV5 containing the GS system transiently expressed mRNA and protein after MFP induction. The inducer MFP could be measured in plasma and liver tissue, and assessment of MFP and its metabolites showed rapid clearance from murine plasma. In a head-to-head comparison, our single vector outclassed the classical two-vector GS system. Finally, we show repeated inducibility of the transgene that also translated into a dynamic phenotypic change in mice. Taken together, this in-depth analysis of the GS system shows its applicability for regulated gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanda M. Liefhebber
- Department of Research & Development, uniQure N.V., 1105BP Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Raygene Martier
- Department of Research & Development, uniQure N.V., 1105BP Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tom Van der Zon
- Department of Research & Development, uniQure N.V., 1105BP Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sonay Keskin
- Department of Research & Development, uniQure N.V., 1105BP Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Angelina Huseinovic
- Department of Research & Development, uniQure N.V., 1105BP Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands
| | - Jacek Lubelski
- Department of Research & Development, uniQure N.V., 1105BP Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bas Blits
- Department of Research & Development, uniQure N.V., 1105BP Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Harald Petry
- Department of Research & Development, uniQure N.V., 1105BP Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pavlina Konstantinova
- Department of Research & Development, uniQure N.V., 1105BP Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Abstract
Increasing epidemiologic evidence suggests that metformin, a well-established AMPK activator and the most favorable first-line anti-diabetic drug, reduces stroke incidence and severity. However, the mechanism for this remains unclear. Moreover, previous experimental studies have reported controversial results about the effects of metformin on stroke outcomes during the acute phase. However, recent studies have consistently suggested that AMPK-mediated microglia/macrophage polarization and angioneurogenesis may play essential roles in metformin-promoted, long-term functional recovery following stroke. The present review summarizes the neuropharmacological actions of metformin in experimental stroke with an emphasis on the recent findings that the cell-specific effects and duration of AMPK activation are critical to the effects of metformin on stroke outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xuechu Zhen
- Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215123, China.
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Shams TA, Müller DJ. Antipsychotic induced weight gain: genetics, epigenetics, and biomarkers reviewed. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2014; 16:473. [PMID: 25138234 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-014-0473-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Antipsychotic-induced weight gain (AIWG) is a prevalent side effect of antipsychotic treatment, particularly with second generation antipsychotics, such as clozapine and olanzapine. At this point, there is virtually nothing that can be done to predict who will be affected by AIWG. However, hope for the future of prediction lies with genetic risk factors. Many genes have been studied for their association with AIWG with a variety of promising findings. This review will focus on genetic findings in the last year and will discuss the first epigenetic and biomarker findings as well. Although there are significant findings in many other genes, the most consistently replicated findings are in the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R), the serotonin 2C receptor (HTR2C), the leptin, the neuropeptide Y (NPY) and the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CNR1) genes. The study of genetic risk variants poses great promise in creating predictive tools for side effects such as AIWG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahireh A Shams
- Pharmacogenetics Research Clinic, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
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