1
|
Sánchez-Macías D, Barba-Maggi L, Morales-delaNuez A, Palmay-Paredes J. Guinea pig for meat production: A systematic review of factors affecting the production, carcass and meat quality. Meat Sci 2018; 143:165-176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
2
|
Borg SA, Buckley H, Owen R, Marin AC, Lu Y, Eyles D, Lacroix D, Reilly GC, Skerry TM, Bishop NJ. Early life vitamin D depletion alters the postnatal response to skeletal loading in growing and mature bone. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190675. [PMID: 29370213 PMCID: PMC5784894 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence of persistent effects of early life vitamin D exposure on later skeletal health; linking low levels in early life to smaller bone size in childhood as well as increased fracture risk later in adulthood, independently of later vitamin D status. A major determinant of bone mass acquisition across all ages is mechanical loading. We tested the hypothesis in an animal model system that early life vitamin D depletion results in abrogation of the response to mechanical loading, with consequent reduction in bone size, mass and strength during both childhood and adulthood. A murine model was created in which pregnant dams were either vitamin D deficient or replete, and their offspring moved to a vitamin D replete diet at weaning. Tibias of the offspring were mechanically loaded and bone structure, extrinsic strength and growth measured both during growth and after skeletal maturity. Offspring of vitamin D deplete mice demonstrated lower bone mass in the non loaded limb and reduced bone mass accrual in response to loading in both the growing skeleton and after skeletal maturity. Early life vitamin D depletion led to reduced bone strength and altered bone biomechanical properties. These findings suggest early life vitamin D status may, in part, determine the propensity to osteoporosis and fracture that blights later life in many individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A. Borg
- Academic Unit of Child Health Department of Oncology & Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Harriet Buckley
- Academic Unit of Child Health Department of Oncology & Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Owen
- INSIGNEO Institute of in silico medicine, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Campos Marin
- INSIGNEO Institute of in silico medicine, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Yongtau Lu
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Darryl Eyles
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD; Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research The Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol QLD, Australia
| | - Damien Lacroix
- INSIGNEO Institute of in silico medicine, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Gwendolen C. Reilly
- INSIGNEO Institute of in silico medicine, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Tim M. Skerry
- Academic Unit of Bone Biology, Department of Oncology & Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Nick J. Bishop
- Academic Unit of Child Health, Department of Oncology & Metabolism, University of Sheffield; Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Roth DE, Leung M, Mesfin E, Qamar H, Watterworth J, Papp E. Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy: state of the evidence from a systematic review of randomised trials. BMJ 2017; 359:j5237. [PMID: 29187358 PMCID: PMC5706533 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.j5237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To estimate the effects of vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy on 11 maternal and 27 neonatal/infant outcomes; to determine frequencies at which trial outcome data were missing, unreported, or inconsistently reported; and to project the potential contributions of registered ongoing or planned trials.Design Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials; systematic review of registered but unpublished trials.Data sources Medline, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception to September 2017; manual searches of reference lists of systematic reviews identified in the electronic search; and online trial registries for unpublished, ongoing, or planned trials.Eligibility criteria for study selection Trials of prenatal vitamin D supplementation with randomised allocation and control groups administered placebo, no vitamin D, or vitamin D ≤600 IU/day (or its equivalent), and published in a peer reviewed journal.Results 43 trials (8406 participants) were eligible for meta-analyses. Median sample size was 133 participants. Vitamin D increased maternal/cord serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, but the dose-response effect was weak. Maternal clinical outcomes were rarely ascertained or reported, but available data did not provide evidence of benefits. Overall, vitamin D increased mean birth weight of 58.33 g (95% confidence interval 18.88 g to 97.78 g; 37 comparisons) and reduced the risk of small for gestational age births (risk ratio 0.60, 95% confidence interval 0.40 to 0.90; seven comparisons), but findings were not robust in sensitivity and subgroup analyses. There was no effect on preterm birth (1.0, 0.77 to 1.30; 15 comparisons). There was strong evidence that prenatal vitamin D reduced the risk of offspring wheeze by age 3 years (0.81, 0.67 to 0.98; two comparisons). For most outcomes, meta-analyses included data from a minority of trials. Only eight of 43 trials (19%) had an overall low risk of bias. Thirty five planned/ongoing randomised controlled trials could contribute 12 530 additional participants to future reviews.Conclusions Most trials on prenatal vitamin D published by September 2017 were small and of low quality. The evidence to date seems insufficient to guide clinical or policy recommendations. Future trials should be designed and powered to examine clinical endpoints, including maternal conditions related to pregnancy (such as pre-eclampsia), infant growth, and respiratory outcomes.Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42016051292.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Roth
- Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Global Child Health and SickKids Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Leung
- Centre for Global Child Health and SickKids Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elnathan Mesfin
- Centre for Global Child Health and SickKids Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Huma Qamar
- Centre for Global Child Health and SickKids Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jessica Watterworth
- Centre for Global Child Health and SickKids Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eszter Papp
- Centre for Global Child Health and SickKids Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Schmidt CM, Hood WR. Female White-Footed Mice (Peromyscus leucopus) Trade Off Offspring Skeletal Quality for Self-Maintenance When Dietary Calcium Intake is Low. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL GENETICS AND PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 325:581-587. [PMID: 27901312 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
During gestation and lactation in mammals, calcium and other minerals are transferred from female to offspring to support skeletal ossification. To meet mineral requirements, females commonly mobilize mineral from their own skeleton to augment dietary intake. Because the fitness costs of bone loss are expected to limit the amount of endogenous mineral that females transfer to their young, the amount of mineral allocated to offspring is predicted to be influenced by the availability of mineral in the female's diet. Calcium is the most abundant element in bone, and exogenous calcium appears to be limiting for many species. Thus, we expected that females would adjust mineral allocation to offspring relative to calcium abundance in the diet. We provided breeding female white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) with a low-calcium (0.1% Ca) or a standard diet (0.85% Ca) for approximately 1 year. Body mass and skeletal size of pups did not differ between diets. Relative to pups from females on the standard diet, pups from females on the low-calcium diet had less calcium and phosphorus in their femurs and humeri, less body calcium content, reduced mass of their femurs and humeri, and had femurs with a reduced width. Reproducing white-footed mice mobilize more bone when calcium intake is low; however, our results suggest that this does not completely compensate for a reduction in calcium intake. Thus, it appears that when calcium availability is low, female white-footed mice reduce the quantity of mineral allocated per offspring as a means of maintaining their own skeletal condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wendy R Hood
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Roth DE, Gernand AD, Morris SK, Pezzack B, Islam MM, Dimitris MC, Shanta SS, Zlotkin SH, Willan AR, Ahmed T, Shah PS, Murphy KE, Weksberg R, Choufani S, Shah R, Al Mahmud A. Maternal vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy and lactation to promote infant growth in Dhaka, Bangladesh (MDIG trial): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2015; 16:300. [PMID: 26169781 PMCID: PMC4499946 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-015-0825-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin D regulates bone mineral metabolism and skeletal development. Some observational studies have suggested that prenatal vitamin D deficiency increases the risk of adverse pregnancy and/or birth outcomes; however, there is scant evidence from controlled trials, leading the World Health Organization to advise against routine vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy. Importantly, little is known about the effect of maternal vitamin D status on infant linear growth in communities in South Asia where stunting is highly prevalent and maternal-infant vitamin D status is commonly suboptimal. Methods/Design The Maternal Vitamin D for Infant Growth study is a randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging trial of maternal vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy and lactation in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The primary aims are to estimate (1) the effect of maternal prenatal oral vitamin D3 supplementation (4200 IU/wk, 16,800 IU/wk, or 28,000 IU/wk, administered as weekly doses) versus placebo on infant length at 1 year of age and (2) the effect of maternal postpartum oral vitamin D3 supplementation (28,000 IU/wk) versus placebo on length at 1 year of age among infants born to women who received vitamin D 28,000 IU/wk during pregnancy. Generally healthy pregnant women (n = 1300) in the second trimester (17–24 weeks of gestation) are randomized to one of five parallel arms: placebo 4200 IU/wk, 16,800 IU/wk, or 28,000 IU/wk in the prenatal period and placebo in the postpartum period or 28,000 IU/wk in the prenatal period and 28,000 IU/wk in the postpartum period. Household- and clinic-based follow-up of mother-infant pairs is conducted weekly by trained personnel until 26 weeks postpartum and every 3 months thereafter. The primary trial outcome measure is length for age z-score at 1 year of age. Anthropometric measurements, clinical information, and biological specimens collected at scheduled intervals will enable the assessment of a range of maternal, perinatal, and infant outcomes. Discussion The role of vitamin D in maternal and infant health remains unresolved. This trial is expected to contribute unique insights into the effects of improving maternal-infant vitamin D status in a low-income setting where stunting and adverse perinatal outcomes represent significant public health burdens. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01924013. Registered on 13 August 2013 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13063-015-0825-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Roth
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto and the Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Child Health Evaluative Sciences, SickKids Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Alison D Gernand
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Penn State University, 110 Chandlee Laboratory, University Park, PA, USA.
| | - Shaun K Morris
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto and the Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Child Health Evaluative Sciences, SickKids Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Brendon Pezzack
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto and the Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Child Health Evaluative Sciences, SickKids Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - M Munirul Islam
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Security, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (ICDDR,B), 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.
| | - Michelle C Dimitris
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto and the Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Child Health Evaluative Sciences, SickKids Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Shaila S Shanta
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Security, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (ICDDR,B), 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.
| | - Stanley H Zlotkin
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto and the Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Child Health Evaluative Sciences, SickKids Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Andrew R Willan
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, SickKids Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Tahmeed Ahmed
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Security, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (ICDDR,B), 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.
| | - Prakesh S Shah
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto and the Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Division of Neonatology, Mt. Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Kellie E Murphy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto and Mt. Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Rosanna Weksberg
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto and the Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Genetics and Genome Biology, SickKids Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Sanaa Choufani
- Genetics and Genome Biology, SickKids Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Rashed Shah
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Save the Children USA, 2000 L Street NW, Suite 500, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Abdullah Al Mahmud
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (ICDDR,B), 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tabatabaei N, Rodd CJ, Kremer R, Weiler HA. Osteocalcin, but not deoxypyridinoline, increases in response to isoflurane-induced anaesthesia in young female guinea pigs. J Bone Miner Metab 2015; 33:253-60. [PMID: 24858976 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-014-0593-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The effect of the inhaled anaesthetic isoflurane was investigated on bone biomarkers, both during maturation and on minerals and glucose postpartum. Female guinea pigs (n = 10) were anaesthetized during maturation (5 and 9 weeks) and postpartum (26 weeks of age) with isoflurane during dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanning. Blood collection was performed at all ages before and after anaesthesia for measurement of plasma osteocalcin (OC), total deoxypyridinoline (tDPD), and cortisol. Postpartum measurements also included: blood ions, acid-base parameters and glucose, plasma minerals, total alkaline phosphatase (tALP), and albumin. Plasma OC concentration almost doubled after exposure to isoflurane at 5 weeks (30.1 ± 5.0-57.9 ± 11.2 nmol/L, p < 0.001) and at 9 weeks (29.1 ± 7.5-62.9 ± 15.9 nmol/L, p < 0.001), but did not change postpartum (3.7 ± 3.3-4.3 ± 3.9 nmol/L, p = 0.88). There was no effect of isoflurane exposure on plasma tDPD at any age. Plasma cortisol increased after exposure to isoflurane at 9 weeks (1859.6 ± 383.2-2748.0 ± 235.3 nmol/L, p < 0.01) and postpartum (3376.7 ± 322.2-4091.6 ± 195.6 nmol/L, p < 0.001) but not at 5 weeks (2088.3 ± 326.4-2464.1 ± 538.0 nmol/L, p > 0.05). Blood ionized Ca(2+), Na(+) and plasma total Ca did not change, whereas plasma albumin decreased, and inorganic phosphate (PO4) and Cl(-) increased upon exposure to isoflurane. Isoflurane decreased tALP (43.2 ± 6.6-40.2 ± 5.9 IU/L, p = 0.01) and increased glucose (7.5 ± 0.6-10.9 ± 1.7 mmol/L, p < 0.0001) postpartum. Isoflurane inflates the assessment of a bone-derived biomarker, OC, during rapid growth, but not following pregnancy when formation is very low. Measurements prior to anaesthesia are recommended to reflect normal metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Negar Tabatabaei
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Macdonald-Stewart Building Macdonald Campus, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tabatabaei N, Rodd CJ, Kremer R, Khavandgar Z, Murshed M, Weiler HA. Dietary vitamin D during pregnancy has dose-dependent effects on long bone density and architecture in guinea pig offspring but not the sows. J Nutr 2014; 144:1985-93. [PMID: 25320192 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.197806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of vitamin D during pregnancy on maternal and neonatal bone health remain unclear. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to test whether dietary vitamin D dose-dependently affects maternal and neonatal bone health. METHODS Female guinea pigs (n = 45; 4 mo old) were randomly assigned at mating to receive 1 of 5 doses of vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol; 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, or 2 IU/g diet) throughout pregnancy. Plasma vitamin D metabolites, mineral homeostasis, bone biomarkers, and bone mass were tested in sows throughout pregnancy and in 2-d-old pups. Microarchitecture and histology of excised bone were conducted postpartum. RESULTS By 3 wk of pregnancy, plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] followed a positive dose-response, whereas 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] reached a plateau if vitamin D was ≥0.5 IU/g diet. Weight gain, areal bone mineral density (aBMD), volumetic bone mineral density (vBMD), and bone biomarkers did not differ among maternal groups. A positive dose-response was observed for mean ± SEM pup plasma concentrations of 25(OH)D (10.5 ± 1.50 to 113 ±11.6 nmol/L) and 1,25(OH)2D (123 ± 13.8 to 544 ± 53.3 pmol/L). Pup weight, plasma minerals, and osteocalcin were not different; plasma deoxypyridinoline was lower in the 1- and 0.25-IU/g groups than in all other groups. Pup femur aBMD was higher (9.2-13%; P = 0.04) in the 2-IU/g group than in all other groups except for the 0-IU/g group. Tibia and femur vBMD of pups responded to maternal diet in a U-shaped pattern. The femoral growth plate was 7.9% wider in the 0-IU/g group than in the 1-IU/g group. CONCLUSIONS Maternal vitamin D supplementation dose-dependently altered pup long bone architecture and mineral density in a manner similar to vitamin D deficient rickets whereas maternal bone was stable. These data reinforce that inadequate maternal vitamin D intake may compromise neonatal bone health and that exceeding recommendations is not advantageous.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Negar Tabatabaei
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Canada
| | - Celia J Rodd
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | | | | | - Monzur Murshed
- Department of Medicine and Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Hope A Weiler
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Canada;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yin Z, Agellon S, Lavery P, Weiler H. Dietary supplementation with long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in pregnant guinea pigs has sex-dependent effects on growth and bone outcomes in offspring. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2014; 91:31-8. [PMID: 24928793 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Long chain PUFA enhance bone mass in non-pregnant mammals. We examined the effects of arachidonic (AA; 20:4n-6) and docosahexaenoic (DHA; 22:6n-3) acid on bone mass of mothers and neonates. Guinea pig sows (n=15) were fed control, DHA or AA+DHA diets from mating to weaning. Measurements included: osteocalcin (OC), deoxypyridinoline (DPD), areal bone mineral density (aBMD) in sows and neonates; and volumetric density (vBMD) in neonates. Only vertebral aBMD and OC:DPD ratio declined during reproduction and only DHA reduced OC:DPD. Male pup weight was reduced by DHA and female weight elevated by AA+DHA. Whole body and femur aBMD were reduced by DHA and AA+DHA; whereas tibia vBMD was reduced by DHA in males. Female whole body, tibia and vertebrae aBMD plus tibia vBMD were elevated by AA+DHA; and DHA elevated whole body, tibia and vertebrae aBMD. Dietary AA+DHA and DHA elicit sex-dependent effects on neonatal bone, with minimal impact on mothers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Yin
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, Ste. Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec H9 X3V9, Canada
| | - S Agellon
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, Ste. Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec H9 X3V9, Canada
| | - P Lavery
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, Ste. Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec H9 X3V9, Canada
| | - H Weiler
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, Ste. Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec H9 X3V9, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Roth DE, Perumal N, Al Mahmud A, Baqui AH. Maternal vitamin D3 supplementation during the third trimester of pregnancy: effects on infant growth in a longitudinal follow-up study in Bangladesh. J Pediatr 2013; 163:1605-1611.e3. [PMID: 23998516 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the effects of prenatal vitamin D supplementation on infant growth in Dhaka, Bangladesh. STUDY DESIGN Longitudinal follow-up of infants born at term or late preterm (≥34 weeks) to participants in a randomized double-blind trial of maternal third-trimester vitamin D3 (35 000 IU/wk; vitamin D ) vs placebo. Anthropometry was performed at birth, 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, and 12 months of age. The primary analysis (n = 145 overall; n = 134 at 1 year) was a comparison of mean length-for-age z-score (LAZ) based on World Health Organization standards. RESULTS LAZ was similar between groups at birth, but 0.44 (95% CI, 0.06-0.82) higher in vitamin D vs placebo at 1 year, corresponding to a sex-adjusted increase of 1.1 cm (95% CI, 0.06-2.0). Mean change in LAZ from birth to 1 month was significantly greater in vitamin D (0.53 per month) vs placebo (0.19 per month; P = .004); but there was no significant divergence thereafter. In longitudinal (repeated-measures) analysis, average LAZ during infancy was 0.41 higher in vitamin D vs placebo (95% CI, 0.11-0.71, P = .01). Stunting was less common in vitamin D (17% of infants were ever stunted) vs placebo (31%; P = .049). Other anthropometric indices were similar between groups. CONCLUSIONS Maternal vitamin D3 supplementation (35 000 IU/wk) during the third trimester of pregnancy enhanced early postnatal linear growth in a cohort of infants in Bangladesh.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Roth
- Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Effect of vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy on offspring bone structure, composition and quality in later life. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2012; 4:49-55. [DOI: 10.1017/s2040174412000542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
During foetal development, calcium requirements are met as a consequence of maternal adaptations independent of vitamin D status. In contrast, after birth, dependency on vitamin D appears necessary for calcium metabolism and skeletal health. We used a rodent model (Sprague-Dawley rats), to determine if maternal vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy had a deleterious effect on bone structure at birth. Vitamin D deplete females were maintained under deplete conditions until birth of the pups, whereupon all dams were fed a vitamin D replete diet. Offspring were harvested at birth, and 140 days of age. Bones were analyzed using micro-computed tomography and strength tested to study differences in bone structure, density and strength and subjected to elemental analysis using plasma mass spectrometry to determine strontium, barium and calcium contents. Offspring from deplete mothers displayed altered trabecular parameters in the femur at birth and 140 days of age. In addition, at 140 days of age there was evidence of premature mineralization of the secondary ossification centre of the femoral head. Elemental analysis showed increased strontium uptake in the femur of the developmentally vitamin D-deficient offspring. Vitamin D depletion during development in the offspring may have a long-lasting effect, despite repletion of vitamin D from birth. This may have consequences for human health given the low vitamin D levels seen during pregnancy and current lifestyle of sun avoidance due to the risk of skin cancer.
Collapse
|
11
|
Bibliography. Parathyroids, bone and mineral metabolism. Current world literature. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2011; 18:418-22. [PMID: 22024994 DOI: 10.1097/med.0b013e32834decbe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
12
|
Abstract
Neonatologists and paediatricians have a crucial role working with mothers at the most nutritionally challenged point in their lives and that of their infants. This position of responsibility is particularly important in tackling the re-emerging problem of hypovitaminosis D. In this overview the role of vitamin D, its contribution to pathology in those to whom we provide a service and possible actions will be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colin A Michie
- Department of Paediatrics, Ealing Hospital, Uxbridge Road, Middlesex, United Kingdom.
| | | |
Collapse
|