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Viragova S, Li D, Klein OD. Activation of fetal-like molecular programs during regeneration in the intestine and beyond. Cell Stem Cell 2024; 31:949-960. [PMID: 38971147 PMCID: PMC11235077 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2024.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Tissue regeneration after damage is generally thought to involve the mobilization of adult stem cells that divide and differentiate into progressively specialized progeny. However, recent studies indicate that tissue regeneration can be accompanied by reversion to a fetal-like state. During this process, cells at the injury site reactivate programs that operate during fetal development but are typically absent in adult homeostasis. Here, we summarize our current understanding of the molecular signals and epigenetic mediators that orchestrate "fetal-like reversion" during intestinal regeneration. We also explore evidence for this phenomenon in other organs and species and highlight open questions that merit future examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Viragova
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Guerin Children's, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ophir D Klein
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Guerin Children's, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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2
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Gong Z, Zhang X, Cui J, Chen W, Huang X, Yang Q, Li T, Zhang W. IFRD2, a target of miR-2400, regulates myogenic differentiation of bovine skeletal muscle satellite cells via decreased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 proteins. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2024:10.1007/s10974-024-09677-5. [PMID: 38896394 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-024-09677-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The proliferation and differentiation of skeletal muscle satellite cells is a complex physiological process involving various transcription factors and small RNA molecules. This study aimed to understand the regulatory mechanisms underlying these processes, focusing on interferon-related development factor 2 (IFRD2) as a target gene of miRNA-2400 in bovine skeletal MuSCs (MuSCs). IFRD2 was identified as a target gene of miRNA-2400 involved in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of bovine skeletal MuSCs. Our results indicate that miR-2400 can target binding the 3'UTR of IFRD2 and inhibit its translation. mRNA and protein expression levels of IFRD2 increased significantly with increasing days of differentiation. Moreover, overexpression of the IFRD2 gene inhibited proliferation and promoted differentiation of bovine MuSCs. Conversely, the knockdown of the gene had the opposite effect. Overexpression of IFRD2 resulted in the inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation levels in bovine MuSCs, which in turn promoted differentiation. In summary, IFRD2, as a target gene of miR-2400, crucially affects bovine skeletal muscle proliferation and differentiation by precisely regulating ERK1/2 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhian Gong
- Department of Life Science and Agroforestry, Qiqihar University, No. 42 Wenhua Street, Jianhua District, Qiqihar, 161000, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Life Science and Agroforestry, Qiqihar University, No. 42 Wenhua Street, Jianhua District, Qiqihar, 161000, PR China
| | - Jingxuan Cui
- Department of Life Science and Agroforestry, Qiqihar University, No. 42 Wenhua Street, Jianhua District, Qiqihar, 161000, PR China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Life Science and Agroforestry, Qiqihar University, No. 42 Wenhua Street, Jianhua District, Qiqihar, 161000, PR China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Life Science and Agroforestry, Qiqihar University, No. 42 Wenhua Street, Jianhua District, Qiqihar, 161000, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Resistance Gene Engineering and Protection of Biodiversity in Cold Areas, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province, 161000, PR China
| | - Qingzhu Yang
- Department of Life Science and Agroforestry, Qiqihar University, No. 42 Wenhua Street, Jianhua District, Qiqihar, 161000, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Resistance Gene Engineering and Protection of Biodiversity in Cold Areas, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province, 161000, PR China
| | - Tie Li
- Department of Life Science and Agroforestry, Qiqihar University, No. 42 Wenhua Street, Jianhua District, Qiqihar, 161000, PR China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Life Science and Agroforestry, Qiqihar University, No. 42 Wenhua Street, Jianhua District, Qiqihar, 161000, PR China.
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3
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Dai J, Chen T, Meng R, Jardi F, Kourula S, Pham L, De Jonghe S, De Smedt A, Frisk AL, Xie J. Species differences in small intestinal exposure-related epithelial vacuolation in rats and dogs treated with a heteroaryldihydropyrimidine molecule. J Appl Toxicol 2024; 44:400-414. [PMID: 37814191 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Small intestinal epithelial vacuolation induced by a heteroaryldihydropyrimidine compound (HAP-1) was observed in rats but not in dogs at termination in screening toxicity studies, despite the plasma exposure being higher in dogs. To understand the species differences, investigational studies with multiple time points following single dose (SD) and 7-day repeated dose (RD) were conducted in both species at doses resulting in comparable plasma exposures. In rats, epithelial vacuolation in the duodenum and jejunum were observed at all time points. In dogs, transient vacuolation was noted at 8 h post-SD (SD_8h) and 4 h post-RD (RD_4 h), but not at termination (RD_24 h). Special stains demonstrated lipid accumulation within enterocytes in both species and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in rats. Transmission electron microscopy identified these inclusion bodies as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranous structures. Transcriptomic analysis on jejunal mucosa at SD_8 h and RD_24 h revealed perturbations of lipid metabolism-related genes at SD_8 h in both species, but not at RD_24 h in dogs. ER stress-related gene changes at both time points were observed in rats only. Despite comparable HAP-1 plasma exposures, the duodenum and jejunum tissue concentrations of HAP-1 and acyl glucuronide metabolite were >5- and >30-fold higher in rats than in dogs, respectively. In vitro, similar cytotoxicity was observed in rat and dog duodenal organoids treated with HAP-1. In conclusion, HAP-1-induced intestinal epithelial vacuolation was related to lipid metabolism dysregulation in both species and ER-related injuries in rats only. The species differences were likely related to the difference in intestinal exposure to HAP-1 and its reactive metabolite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu Dai
- Preclinical Sciences and Translational Safety (PSTS), Janssen R&D, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Preclinical Sciences and Translational Safety (PSTS), Janssen R&D, Shanghai, China
| | - Ryan Meng
- Preclinical Sciences and Translational Safety (PSTS), Janssen R&D, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | - Ly Pham
- PSTS, Janssen Pharmaceuticals Inc., Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jianxun Xie
- Preclinical Sciences and Translational Safety (PSTS), Janssen R&D, Shanghai, China
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4
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Sun C, Lan F, Zhou Q, Guo X, Jin J, Wen C, Guo Y, Hou Z, Zheng J, Wu G, Li G, Yan Y, Li J, Ma Q, Yang N. Mechanisms of hepatic steatosis in chickens: integrated analysis of the host genome, molecular phenomics and gut microbiome. Gigascience 2024; 13:giae023. [PMID: 38837944 PMCID: PMC11152177 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giae023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis is the initial manifestation of abnormal liver functions and often leads to liver diseases such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in humans and fatty liver syndrome in animals. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of a large chicken population consisting of 705 adult hens by combining host genome resequencing; liver transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome analysis; and microbial 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing of each gut segment. The results showed the heritability (h2 = 0.25) and duodenal microbiability (m2 = 0.26) of hepatic steatosis were relatively high, indicating a large effect of host genetics and duodenal microbiota on chicken hepatic steatosis. Individuals with hepatic steatosis had low microbiota diversity and a decreased genetic potential to process triglyceride output from hepatocytes, fatty acid β-oxidation activity, and resistance to fatty acid peroxidation. Furthermore, we revealed a molecular network linking host genomic variants (GGA6: 5.59-5.69 Mb), hepatic gene/protein expression (PEMT, phosphatidyl-ethanolamine N-methyltransferase), metabolite abundances (folate, S-adenosylmethionine, homocysteine, phosphatidyl-ethanolamine, and phosphatidylcholine), and duodenal microbes (genus Lactobacillus) to hepatic steatosis, which could provide new insights into the regulatory mechanism of fatty liver development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congjiao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fangren Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qianqian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoli Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiaming Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chaoliang Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanxin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhuocheng Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiangxia Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guiqin Wu
- Beijing Engineering Research Centre of Layer, Beijing 101206, China
| | - Guangqi Li
- Beijing Engineering Research Centre of Layer, Beijing 101206, China
| | - Yiyuan Yan
- Beijing Engineering Research Centre of Layer, Beijing 101206, China
| | - Junying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qiugang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ning Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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5
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Vietor I, Cikes D, Piironen K, Vasakou T, Heimdörfer D, Gstir R, Erlacher MD, Tancevski I, Eller P, Demetz E, Hess MW, Kuhn V, Degenhart G, Rozman J, Klingenspor M, Hrabe de Angelis M, Valovka T, Huber LA. The negative adipogenesis regulator Dlk1 is transcriptionally regulated by Ifrd1 (TIS7) and translationally by its orthologue Ifrd2 (SKMc15). eLife 2023; 12:e88350. [PMID: 37603466 PMCID: PMC10468205 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Delta-like homolog 1 (Dlk1), an inhibitor of adipogenesis, controls the cell fate of adipocyte progenitors. Experimental data presented here identify two independent regulatory mechanisms, transcriptional and translational, by which Ifrd1 (TIS7) and its orthologue Ifrd2 (SKMc15) regulate Dlk1 levels. Mice deficient in both Ifrd1 and Ifrd2 (dKO) had severely reduced adipose tissue and were resistant to high-fat diet-induced obesity. Wnt signaling, a negative regulator of adipocyte differentiation, was significantly upregulated in dKO mice. Elevated levels of the Wnt/β-catenin target protein Dlk1 inhibited the expression of adipogenesis regulators Pparg and Cebpa, and fatty acid transporter Cd36. Although both Ifrd1 and Ifrd2 contributed to this phenotype, they utilized two different mechanisms. Ifrd1 acted by controlling Wnt signaling and thereby transcriptional regulation of Dlk1. On the other hand, distinctive experimental evidence showed that Ifrd2 acts as a general translational inhibitor significantly affecting Dlk1 protein levels. Novel mechanisms of Dlk1 regulation in adipocyte differentiation involving Ifrd1 and Ifrd2 are based on experimental data presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilja Vietor
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical UniversityInnsbruckAustria
| | - Domagoj Cikes
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical UniversityInnsbruckAustria
- IMBA, Institute of MolecularBiotechnology of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Kati Piironen
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical UniversityInnsbruckAustria
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Theodora Vasakou
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical UniversityInnsbruckAustria
| | - David Heimdörfer
- Division of Genomics and RNomics, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical UniversityInnsbruckAustria
| | - Ronald Gstir
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical UniversityInnsbruckAustria
- ADSI – Austrian Drug Screening Institute GmbHInnsbruckAustria
| | | | - Ivan Tancevski
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Innsbruck Medical UniversityInnsbruckAustria
| | - Philipp Eller
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Innsbruck Medical UniversityInnsbruckAustria
| | - Egon Demetz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Innsbruck Medical UniversityInnsbruckAustria
| | - Michael W Hess
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Innsbruck Medical UniversityInnsbruckAustria
| | - Volker Kuhn
- Department Trauma Surgery, Innsbruck Medical UniversityInnsbruckAustria
| | - Gerald Degenhart
- Department of Radiology, Medical University InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Jan Rozman
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherbergGermany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)NeuherbergGermany
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, School of Life SciencesWeihenstephanGermany
- EKFZ - Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of MunichFreisingGermany
- ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of MunichFreisingGermany
| | - Martin Hrabe de Angelis
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherbergGermany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)NeuherbergGermany
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, Technical University of Munich, School of Life SciencesFreisingGermany
| | - Taras Valovka
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical UniversityInnsbruckAustria
| | - Lukas A Huber
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical UniversityInnsbruckAustria
- ADSI – Austrian Drug Screening Institute GmbHInnsbruckAustria
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6
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A cell atlas of microbe-responsive processes in the zebrafish intestine. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110311. [PMID: 35108531 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbial products direct growth, differentiation, and development in animal hosts. However, we lack system-wide understanding of cell-specific responses to the microbiome. We profiled cell transcriptomes from the intestine, and associated tissue, of zebrafish larvae raised in the presence or absence of a microbiome. We uncovered extensive cellular heterogeneity in the conventional zebrafish intestinal epithelium, including previously undescribed cell types with known mammalian homologs. By comparing conventional to germ-free profiles, we mapped microbial impacts on transcriptional activity in each cell population. We revealed intricate degrees of cellular specificity in host responses to the microbiome that included regulatory effects on patterning and on metabolic and immune activity. For example, we showed that the absence of microbes hindered pro-angiogenic signals in the developing vasculature, causing impaired intestinal vascularization. Our work provides a high-resolution atlas of intestinal cellular composition in the developing fish gut and details the effects of the microbiome on each cell type.
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7
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Gazit VA, Swietlicki EA, Liang MU, Surti A, McDaniel R, Geisman M, Alvarado DM, Ciorba MA, Bochicchio G, Ilahi O, Kirby J, Symons WJ, Davidson NO, Levin MS, Rubin DC. Stem cell and niche regulation in human short bowel syndrome. JCI Insight 2020; 5:137905. [PMID: 33141758 PMCID: PMC7714413 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.137905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of functional small bowel surface area following surgical resection for disorders such as Crohn’s disease, intestinal ischemic injury, radiation enteritis, and in children, necrotizing enterocolitis, atresia, and gastroschisis, may result in short bowel syndrome, with attendant high morbidity, mortality, and health care costs in the United States. Following resection, the remaining small bowel epithelium mounts an adaptive response, resulting in increased crypt cell proliferation, increased villus height, increased crypt depth, and enhanced nutrient and electrolyte absorption. Although these morphologic and functional changes are well described in animal models, the adaptive response in humans is less well understood. Clinically the response is unpredictable and often inadequate. Here we address the hypotheses that human intestinal stem cell populations are expanded and that the stem cell niche is regulated following massive gut resection in short bowel syndrome (SBS). We use intestinal enteroid cultures from patients with SBS to show that the magnitude and phenotype of the adaptive stem cell response are both regulated by stromal niche cells, including intestinal subepithelial myofibroblasts, which are activated by intestinal resection to enhance epithelial stem and proliferative cell responses. Our data suggest that myofibroblast regulation of bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathways plays a role in the gut adaptive response after resection. LGR5+ stem cells are expanded and BMP signaling regulates the stem cell niche in human short bowel syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vered A Gazit
- Division of Gastroenterology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine
| | | | - Miranda U Liang
- Division of Gastroenterology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine
| | - Adam Surti
- Division of Gastroenterology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine
| | - Raechel McDaniel
- Division of Gastroenterology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine
| | - Mackenzie Geisman
- Division of Gastroenterology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine
| | - David M Alvarado
- Division of Gastroenterology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine
| | - Matthew A Ciorba
- Division of Gastroenterology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | - Nicholas O Davidson
- Division of Gastroenterology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine.,Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Marc S Levin
- Division of Gastroenterology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine.,Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Deborah C Rubin
- Division of Gastroenterology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine.,Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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8
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Courtney CM, Onufer EJ, Seiler KM, Warner BW. An anatomic approach to understanding mechanisms of intestinal adaptation. Semin Pediatr Surg 2018; 27:229-236. [PMID: 30342597 DOI: 10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cathleen M Courtney
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, St. Louis Children's Hospital, One Children's Place, Suite 6110, St. Louis, 63110 MO, USA; Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Emily J Onufer
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, St. Louis Children's Hospital, One Children's Place, Suite 6110, St. Louis, 63110 MO, USA; Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Kristen M Seiler
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, St. Louis Children's Hospital, One Children's Place, Suite 6110, St. Louis, 63110 MO, USA; Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Brad W Warner
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, St. Louis Children's Hospital, One Children's Place, Suite 6110, St. Louis, 63110 MO, USA; Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA.
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9
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Lewis MA, Sharabash N, Miao ZF, Lyons LN, Piccirillo J, Kallogjeri D, Schootman M, Mutch M, Yan Y, Levin MS, Castells A, Cuatrecasas M, Mills JC, Wang ZN, Rubin DC. Increased IFRD1 Expression in Human Colon Cancers Predicts Reduced Patient Survival. Dig Dis Sci 2017; 62:3460-3467. [PMID: 29094309 PMCID: PMC6167971 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-017-4819-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colon cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide. CRC develops through combinations of genetic and epigenetic changes. However, there is marked heterogeneity in the "driver gene" mutational profiles within and among colon cancers from individual patients, and these are not sufficient to explain differences in colon cancer behavior and treatment response. Global modulation of the tumor landscape may play a role in cancer behavior. Interferon-related developmental regulator 1 (IFRD1) is a transcriptional co-regulator that modulates expression of large gene cassettes and plays a role in gut epithelial proliferation following massive intestinal resection. AIMS We address the hypothesis that increased IFRD1 expression in colon cancers is associated with poorer patient survival. METHODS Tumor and normal tissue from colon cancer patient cohorts from the USA, Spain, and China were used for this study. Cancers were scored for the intensity of IFRD1 immunostaining. The primary clinical outcome was overall survival defined as time from diagnosis to death due to cancer. Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank analysis were used to assess the association between IFRD1 expression and survival. RESULTS Almost all (98.7%) colon cancers showed readily detectable IFRD1 expression, with immunoreactivity primarily in the tumor cytoplasm. High IFRD1 colon cancer expression was significantly associated with decreased 5-year patient survival. Patients in the American cohort with high IFRD1 expression had a poorer prognosis. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated that high IFRD1 protein expression in colon cancer is associated with poorer patient prognosis, suggesting a potential role for IFRD1 in modulating tumor behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Lewis
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8124, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Noura Sharabash
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8124, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- University of Illinois, Carle Clinics, 611 W. Park Street, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Zhi-Feng Miao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8124, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Lydia N Lyons
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8124, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jay Piccirillo
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8115, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Donna Kallogjeri
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8115, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Mario Schootman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8124, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- St. Louis University School of Medicine, Salus Center, 3545 Lafayette Ave. Room 1401-K, St. Louis, MO, 63103, USA
| | - Matthew Mutch
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8109, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8100, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Marc S Levin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8124, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Veterans' Administration St. Louis Health Care System, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | - Jason C Mills
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8124, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8124, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8124, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Zhen-Ning Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Deborah C Rubin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8124, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8124, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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10
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Rubin DC, Levin MS. Mechanisms of intestinal adaptation. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2016; 30:237-48. [PMID: 27086888 PMCID: PMC4874810 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Following loss of functional small bowel surface area due to surgical resection for therapy of Crohn's disease, ischemia, trauma or other disorders, the remnant gut undergoes a morphometric and functional compensatory adaptive response which has been best characterized in preclinical models. Increased crypt cell proliferation results in increased villus height, crypt depth and villus hyperplasia, accompanied by increased nutrient, fluid and electrolyte absorption. Clinical observations suggest that functional adaptation occurs in humans. In the immediate postoperative period, patients with substantial small bowel resection have massive fluid and electrolyte loss with reduced nutrient absorption. For many patients, the adaptive response permits partial or complete weaning from parenteral nutrition (PN), within two years following resection. However, others have life-long PN dependence. An understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate the gut adaptive response is critical for developing novel therapies for short bowel syndrome. Herein we present a summary of key studies that seek to elucidate the mechanisms that regulate post-resection adaptation, focusing on stem and crypt cell proliferation, epithelial differentiation, apoptosis, enterocyte function and the role of growth factors and the enteric nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah C Rubin
- Departments of Medicine and Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8124, Saint Louis, MO, 63141, USA.
| | - Marc S Levin
- Veteran's Administration, St. Louis Health Care System and Department of Medicine, Divisions of Gastroenterology and VA Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8124, Saint Louis, MO, 63141, USA.
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11
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Diaz-Miron J, Sun R, Choi P, Sommovilla J, Guo J, Erwin CR, Mei J, Scott Worthen G, Warner BW. The effect of impaired angiogenesis on intestinal function following massive small bowel resection. J Pediatr Surg 2015; 50:948-53. [PMID: 25818317 PMCID: PMC4439276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2015.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Intestinal adaptation involves villus lengthening, crypt deepening, and increased capillary density following small bowel resection (SBR). Mice lacking the proangiogenic chemokine CXCL5 have normal structural adaptation but impaired angiogenesis. This work evaluates the impact of incomplete adaptive angiogenesis on the functional capacity of the intestine after SBR. METHODS CXCL5 knockout (KO) and C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) mice underwent 50% SBR. Magnetic resonance imaging measured weekly body composition. Intestinal absorptive capacity was evaluated through fecal fat analysis. Gene expression profiles for select macronutrient transporters were measured via RT-PCR. Postoperative crypt and villus measurements were assessed for structural adaptation. Submucosal capillary density was measured through CD31 immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Comparable postoperative weight gain occurred initially. Diminished weight gain, impaired fat absorption, and elevated steatorrhea occurred in KO mice after instituting high-fat diet. Greater postoperative upregulation of ABCA1 fat transporter occurred in WT mice, while PEPT1 protein transporter was significantly downregulated in KO mice. KO mice had impaired angiogenesis but intact structural adaptation. CONCLUSION After SBR, KO mice display an inefficient intestinal absorption profile with perturbed macronutrient transporter expression, impaired fat absorption, and slower postoperative weight gain. In addition to longer villi and deeper crypts, an intact angiogenic response may be required to achieve functional adaptation to SBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Diaz-Miron
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, St Louis Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Raphael Sun
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, St Louis Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Pamela Choi
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, St Louis Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Joshua Sommovilla
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, St Louis Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Jun Guo
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, St Louis Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Christopher R Erwin
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, St Louis Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Junjie Mei
- Division of Neonatology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - G Scott Worthen
- Division of Neonatology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Brad W Warner
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, St Louis Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO.
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12
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Garcia AM, Wakeman D, Lu J, Rowley C, Geisman T, Butler C, Bala S, Swietlicki EA, Warner BW, Levin MS, Rubin DC. Tis7 deletion reduces survival and induces intestinal anastomotic inflammation and obstruction in high-fat diet-fed mice with short bowel syndrome. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2014; 307:G642-54. [PMID: 25059825 PMCID: PMC4166722 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00374.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Effective therapies are limited for patients with parenteral nutrition-dependent short bowel syndrome. We previously showed that intestinal expression of the transcriptional coregulator tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate-induced sequence 7 (tis7) is markedly increased during the adaptive response following massive small bowel resection and tis7 plays a role in normal gut lipid metabolism. Here, we further explore the functional implications of tis7 deletion in intestinal lipid metabolism and the adaptive response following small bowel resection. Intestinal tis7 transgenic (tis7(tg)), tis7(-/-), and wild-type (WT) littermates were subjected to 50% small bowel resection. Mice were fed a control or a high-saturated-fat (42% energy) diet for 21 days. Survival, body weight recovery, lipid absorption, mucosal lipid analysis, and the morphometric adaptive response were analyzed. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to identify tis7 downstream gene targets. Postresection survival was markedly reduced in high-fat, but not control, diet-fed tis7(-/-) mice. Decreased survival was associated with anastomotic inflammation and intestinal obstruction postresection. High-fat, but not control, diet-fed tis7(-/-) mice had increased intestinal IL-6 expression. Intestinal lipid trafficking was altered in tis7(-/-) compared with WT mice postresection. In contrast, high-fat diet-fed tis7(tg) mice had improved survival postresection compared with WT littermates. High-fat diet feeding in the setting of tis7 deletion resulted in postresection anastomotic inflammation and small bowel obstruction. Tolerance of a calorie-rich, high-fat diet postresection may require tis7 and its target genes. The presence of luminal fat in the setting of tis7 deletion promotes an intestinal inflammatory response postresection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M. Garcia
- 2Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri;
| | - Derek Wakeman
- 3Department of Pediatric Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri;
| | - Jianyun Lu
- 1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri;
| | - Christopher Rowley
- 1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri;
| | - Taylor Geisman
- 1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri;
| | - Catherine Butler
- 1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri;
| | - Shashi Bala
- 1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri;
| | - Elzbieta A. Swietlicki
- 1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri;
| | - Brad W. Warner
- 3Department of Pediatric Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri;
| | - Marc S. Levin
- 1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; ,4Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs St. Louis Health Care System; St. Louis, Missouri; and
| | - Deborah C. Rubin
- 1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; ,5Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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13
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Choi PM, Guo J, Erwin CR, Wandu WS, Leinicke JA, Xie Y, Davidson NO, Warner BW. Disruption of retinoblastoma protein expression in the intestinal epithelium impairs lipid absorption. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2014; 306:G909-15. [PMID: 24742992 PMCID: PMC4024723 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00067.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated increased villus height following genetic deletion, or knockout, of retinoblastoma protein (Rb) in the intestinal epithelium (Rb-IKO). Here we determined the functional consequences of augmented mucosal growth on intestinal fat absorption and following a 50% small bowel resection (SBR). Mice with constitutively disrupted Rb expression in the intestinal epithelium (Rb-IKO) along with their floxed (wild-type, WT) littermates were placed on a high-fat diet (HFD, 42% kcal fat) for 54 wk. Mice were weighed weekly, and fat absorption, indirect calorimetry, and MRI body composition were measured. Rb-IKO mice were also subjected to a 50% SBR, followed by HFD feeding for 33 wk. In separate experiments, we examined intestinal fat absorption in mice with conditional (tamoxifen-inducible) intestinal Rb (inducible Rb-IKO) deletion. Microarray revealed that the transcriptional expression of lipid absorption/transport genes was significantly reduced in constitutive Rb-IKO mice. These mice demonstrated greater mucosal surface area yet manifested paradoxically impaired intestinal long-chain triglyceride absorption and decreased cholesterol absorption. Despite attenuated lipid absorption, there were no differences in metabolic rate, body composition, and weight gain in Rb-IKO and WT mice at baseline and following SBR. We also confirmed fat malabsorption in inducible Rb-IKO mice. We concluded that, despite an expanded mucosal surface area, Rb-IKO mice demonstrate impaired lipid absorption without compensatory alterations in energy homeostasis or body composition. These findings underscore the importance of delineating structural/functional relationships in the gut and suggest a previously unknown role for Rb in the regulation of intestinal lipid absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela M Choi
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, St Louis Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jun Guo
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, St Louis Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Christopher R Erwin
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, St Louis Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Wambui S Wandu
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, St Louis Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jennifer A Leinicke
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, St Louis Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Yan Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Nicholas O Davidson
- Department of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Brad W Warner
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, St Louis Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri;
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14
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Champier J, Claustrat F, Nazaret N, Montange MF, Claustrat B. Folate depletion changes gene expression of fatty acid metabolism, DNA synthesis, and circadian cycle in male mice. Nutr Res 2012; 32:124-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2011.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Blanchard E, Marie S, Riffault L, Bonora M, Tabary O, Clement A, Jacquot J. Reduced expression of Tis7/IFRD1 protein in murine and human cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cell models homozygous for the F508del-CFTR mutation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 411:471-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.06.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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