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Vasconcellos RS, Henríquez LBF, Lourenço PDS. Spray-Dried Animal Plasma as a Multifaceted Ingredient in Pet Food. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1773. [PMID: 37889645 PMCID: PMC10252101 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma is a co-product from pork and beef obtained during the processing of animals for human consumption. The spray-drying process maintains the solubility of spray-dried animal plasma (SDAP) and its nutritional and functional properties, making this ingredient multifunctional in human and animal nutrition. In pet food, SDAP has been used in the production of wet foods (pates and chunks in gravy) as an emulsifying and binding agent, with the potential to replace hydrocolloids partially or totally, which have some negative implications for digestibility, fecal quality, and intestinal inflammation. From a nutritional point of view, SDAP has high digestibility and an amino acid profile compatible with high-quality ingredients, such as powdered eggs. Studies in companion animals, especially in cats, have shown that SDAP is an ingredient with high palatability. Despite the immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, prebiotic, and neuroprotective properties demonstrated in some animal models, there are still few publications demonstrating these effects in dogs and cats, which limits its use as a functional ingredient for these species. In this review, the potential use of SDAP in pet food, aspects related to the sustainability of this ingredient, and opportunities for studies in companion animals are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Souza Vasconcellos
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Brazil; (L.B.F.H.); (P.d.S.L.)
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2
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Zheng J, Wang H, Deng Z, Shan Y, Lü X, Zhao X. Structure and biological activities of glycoproteins and their metabolites in maintaining intestinal health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-16. [PMID: 34619993 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1987857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Glycoproteins formed by covalent links between oligosaccharide and polypeptides are abundant in various food sources. They are less sensitivity to gastrointestinal enzymes, and hence many of them undergo fermentation in the colon by microorganisms. Therefore, the confer various health benefits on the intestinal ecosystem. However, the current understanding of the effect of glycoproteins on intestinal microorganisms and gut health is limited. This is probably due to their heterogeneous structures and complex metabolic programming patterns. The structure and biological activities of glycoproteins and their microbial metabolites were summarized in this review. The metabolic pathways activated by intestinal bacteria were then discussed in relation to their potential benefits on gut health. Food-derived glycoproteins and their metabolites improve gut health by regulating the intestinal bacteria and improving intestinal barrier function, thereby amplifying immune response. The data reviewed here show that food-derived glycoproteins are promising candidates for preventing various gastrointestinal diseases. Further studies should explore the interaction mechanisms between intestinal microorganisms and host metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, PR China
| | - Haotian Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, PR China
| | - Zhanfei Deng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Shan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, PR China
| | - Xin Lü
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, PR China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Department of Nursing, Shandong College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai, PR China
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3
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Jung TH, Han KS. Imbalanced dietary intake alters the colonic microbial profile in growing rats. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253959. [PMID: 34191855 PMCID: PMC8244856 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
An imbalanced dietary intake is associated with alteration of intestinal ecosystem. We investigated the impact of imbalanced diets on colonic microbiota, concentrations of short chain fatty acid in colonic digesta and serum immunoglobulins (Igs) of growing rats. Compared to the control diet, consuming diets high in fat, sucrose, or processed meat, or low in iron, increased the abundance of the pathogenic bacteria such as Clostridium, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella species, and decreased the beneficial bacteria, like Bifidobacteria, Lactobacillus, Akkermansia, Phascolarctobacterium, Alistipes, and butyrate producing species of bacteria in the colon of growing rats. The heatmap of metagenomics indicated that each group was separated into distinct clusters, and the ID group in particular, showed significantly (P < 0.01) reduced alpha diversity of colonic microbiota in comparison to the control group. All experimental groups showed significantly (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) decreased concentration of acetate and butyrate in the colonic digesta and lower levels of serum IgG or IgA, compared to the control. These results indicated that the imbalanced dietary intake negatively altered intestinal ecosystem and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hwan Jung
- Convergence Research Center, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Sik Han
- Convergence Research Center, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Korea
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4
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Choi JH, Jung TH, Seo HJ, Han KS. Development of livestock feed additives using porcine blood cells. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 105:478-484. [PMID: 33496048 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Livestock blood discarded during slaughtering has potentially valuable components such as plasma proteins and haemoglobin. Plasma is used as a feed additive following processing via different methods, including spray drying, whereas blood cells have been underutilized. In this study, we developed haemoglobin hydrolysate (HH) and iron-enriched residue (IER) from porcine blood cells and investigated whether their oral administration regulates the immune system and gut microbiota in growing rats. Twenty-one Sprague-Dawley male rats (n = 7) were used during a 4-week trial and were fed a control, HH or IER diet. The ratio of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Akkermansia strains increased in rats fed HH or IER diets. Moreover, compared with the control group, the IER group had an elevated ratio of Lactobacillus to Enterobacteria, which is regarded as an index of beneficial aspect in the gut. Phagocytosis of peripheral blood leucocytes was higher in the HH and IER groups than in the control group. The level of plasma immunoglobulin G increased to approximately 72.7 mg/ml and 152.0 mg/ml in the HH and IER groups, respectively, which was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that in the control group. These results confirm that HH and IER developed in this study may be a potential additive for animal feeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hwan Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Jung
- Department of Health and Bio-Convergence, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Ju Seo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Sik Han
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Health and Bio-Convergence, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Korea
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5
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Balan P, Rutherfurd SM, Moughan PJ. Orally administered ovine serum immunoglobulins modulate dental plaque in cats. Res Vet Sci 2020; 133:262-268. [PMID: 33035932 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The effects of orally administered ovine serum immunoglobulin on dental plaque and associated oral immunity in cats were investigated. The two treatment groups consisted of 1) cats that were fed unsupplemented kibble (control diet) and 2) cats that were fed the same kibble but coated with a freeze-dried ovine serum immunoglobulin preparation (ovine Ig) (test diet). The adult cats were randomly allocated to one of the two diets (n = 15) and received their respective kibble for a 28-day experimental period. When compared to the ovine Ig-supplemented kibble, cats consuming the unsupplemented kibble had significantly (p < 0.05) higher dental plaque scores. Cat IgA and IgG concentrations in the saliva and serum were significantly (p < 0.05) higher for cats fed the unsupplemented kibble when compared to cats receiving the ovine Ig supplement. Similarly, myeloperoxidase activity in the saliva was significantly (p < 0.05) higher for cats fed the unsupplemented kibble when compared to cats receiving the Ig-supplement. Orally administered ovine serum Ig positively influenced oral health and oral immunity in cats as evidenced by preventing an increase of dental plaque formation, salivary and serum IgA and IgG concentrations and salivary myeloperoxidase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhu Balan
- Alpha-Massey Natural Nutraceuticals Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
| | - Shane M Rutherfurd
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Paul J Moughan
- Alpha-Massey Natural Nutraceuticals Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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6
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Balan P, Staincliffe M, Moughan PJ. Effects of spray-dried animal plasma on the growth performance of weaned piglets-A review. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 105:699-714. [PMID: 32860645 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Spray-dried animal plasma sourced from bovine, porcine or other animal origin is often used as a main feed ingredient in the diets of weanling piglets to improve growth performance. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of animal plasma in diets on the performance of piglets in the post-weaning period, with and/or without pathogenic challenge, by undertaking a meta-analysis. Data were extracted from peer-reviewed reports published in scientific journals. The average initial weight of the piglets was 5.8 kg and the average initial age 19 days (2-56 days). The average duration of feeding animal plasma was 40 days. Average daily gain (ADG), feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were found to be 22-28 g/day, 20-27 g/day and -0.28 to 0.06 g/g. Generally, diet supplemented with spray-dried bovine plasma (SDBP) improved the ADG of the piglets and spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) led to increases in the ADFI. For the first week post-weaning alone, as the dietary animal plasma percentage increased there was an increase in ADG and ADFI; similarly, the latter two measures increased as weaning age increased. The evidence suggests that mainly IgG present in animal plasma prevents the binding of pathogens to the gut wall and reduces the incidence of sub-clinical infection in the post-weaning stage. Animal plasma containing IgG appears to be a useful in-feed supplement for piglets in the post-weaning phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhu Balan
- Riddet Institute, Alpha-Massey Natural Nutraceutical Research Centre, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | - Paul J Moughan
- Riddet Institute, Alpha-Massey Natural Nutraceutical Research Centre, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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7
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Balan P, Staincliffe M, Moughan PJ. Dietary supplementation with ovine serum immunoglobulin modulates correlations between mucin, microbiota and immunity proteins in the growing rat. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 104:758-766. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prabhu Balan
- Riddet Institute Massey University Palmerston North New Zealand
- Alpha Massey Natural Nutraceutical Research Centre Palmerston North New Zealand
| | | | - Paul J. Moughan
- Riddet Institute Massey University Palmerston North New Zealand
- Alpha Massey Natural Nutraceutical Research Centre Palmerston North New Zealand
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8
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Balan P, Sik-Han K, Moughan PJ. Impact of oral immunoglobulins on animal health-A review. Anim Sci J 2019; 90:1099-1110. [PMID: 31270894 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin (Ig) is the one of the main anti-infective components of blood, colostrum and breast milk. It is the unique glycoprotein that defends the body from harmful bacteria, viruses and other environmental pathogens by either binding to them or by forming an encapsulating barrier. The expansion of antimicrobial and immunomodulatory products from natural sources for dietary supplementation in both animals and humans is an ever growing and thriving area of research. Purified Ig from sheep serum (ovine serum Ig) is one such candidate product. Recent work has shown the various biological effects of oral Ig in different animal models including its effect on growth, immunity, intestinal growth and gut barrier function. The objective of this paper is to review the results of recent studies demonstrating the effects of oral Ig in both pathogenic and non-pathogenic animal models and to suggest a possible mechanism of its action. Overall, purified oral Ig improves growth of healthy (and challenged) rats and defends against enteric infection by immunomodulation, mucin protein and/or modification of commensal microbial composition. The findings contribute to knowledge of how orally administered ovine Ig can influence and enhance key indicators of gut function and overall growth performance in an animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhu Balan
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Alpha-Massey Natural Nutraceutical Research Centre, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Kyoung Sik-Han
- Department of Animal Resource, Sahmyook University, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Paul J Moughan
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Alpha-Massey Natural Nutraceutical Research Centre, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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9
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Tran H, Anderson CL, Bundy JW, Fernando SC, Miller PS, Burkey TE. Effects of spray-dried porcine plasma on fecal microbiota in nursery pigs. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:1017-1031. [PMID: 29385463 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skx034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) has been considered as an alternative for in-feed antibiotics to improve pig growth performance; however, the effect of SDPP on gut microbiota is unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of feeding SDPP on fecal microbial communities of nursery pigs. Ninety-six weaned pigs were assigned to 16 pens, which were allotted to two dietary treatments, including the control or the control + SDPP (5% and 2.5% SDPP inclusion in phase 1 and 2, respectively) diet. Fecal samples were collected at d 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28. Multiplex sequencing of V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene was used to characterize the bacterial community structure of fecal samples. Pearson's correlation tests were performed in Calypso to identify bacterial taxa that were either positively or negatively associated with overall growth performance. Feeding SDPP altered microbial structure at family, genus, and operational taxonomic unit (OTU) classifications; however, fecal microbes shifted with time. At the family level, Clostridiaceae increased (P < 0.001) on d 14, but decreased (P < 0.05) on d 28 in SDPP-fed pigs compared with control pigs. Decreased Veillonellaceae (P < 0.05; d 14) and Lachnospiraceae (P = 0.001; overall) were observed in SDPP-fed pigs compared with control pigs. Feeding SDPP increased lactic acid-producing bacteria (Lactobacillus delbrueckii, d 7) and cellulolytic bacteria (Ruminococcus albus, d 7; Clostridium thermocellum, d 7 and 14; and Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum/beijerinckii, d 14; and Megasphaera elsdenii, d 21). On d 28, feeding SDPP decreased (P < 0.05) Clostridium difficile compared with control pigs. In conclusion, feeding SDPP altered fecal microbial communities in nursery pigs. The results of this study may provide information to help explain the positive effects associated with feeding SDPP on nutrient digestibility and gut health of nursery pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huyen Tran
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE
| | | | - Justin W Bundy
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE
| | | | - Phillip S Miller
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE
| | - Thomas E Burkey
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE
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Jung TH, Choi JH, Koh KC, Jeon WM, Han KS. Purification and Anti-pathogenic Properties of Immunoglobulin Concentrates from Porcine Blood. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2017; 37:743-751. [PMID: 29147098 PMCID: PMC5686333 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2017.37.5.743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
During slaughtering, animal blood is typically discarded, resulting in water pollution. However, this discarded blood has valuable components, such as immunoglobulin (Ig). Although several studies have been conducted to develop methods for effective recycling of slaughterhouse blood, they have not been commercially utilized in Korea. Here, we extracted an Ig-rich fraction from porcine blood that was then subjected to various in vitro tests, including pathogen growth inhibition, antigenic cross-reactivity, and anti-toxin activity. The porcine immunoglobulin concentrate (PIC) was effectively purified by eliminating other components, such as albumin, and consisted of approximately 63.2±2.9% IgG and 7.2±0.4% IgM on a protein basis. The results showed that it significantly suppressed the growth of pathogenic bacteria, and bound to all tested pathogens, including both gram-positive and gram-negative species, although the degree of activity differed according to strain. The PIC bound to two types of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) obtained from Escherichia coli O111:B4 and Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, the PIC restored the proliferation activity of the lymphoblast K-562 cells when co-incubated with pathogenic LPS. These results confirm that the PIC prepared in this study is a potentially valuable functional food material or diet supplement as an alternative to antibiotics that can protect animals from pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hwan Jung
- Department of Health and Bio-Convergence, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea
| | | | - Woo-Min Jeon
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Resource, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Sik Han
- Department of Health and Bio-Convergence, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea.,Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea.,Department of Animal Biotechnology and Resource, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea
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11
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Balan P, Mal G, Das S, Singh H. Synergistic and Additive Antimicrobial Activities of Curcumin, Manuka Honey and Whey Proteins. J Food Biochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Prabhu Balan
- Riddet Institute, Massey University; Palmerston North New Zealand
- Food Assurance and Meat Quality; AgResearch Ltd, Ruakura Research Centre; Hamilton New Zealand
| | - Gorakh Mal
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Regional Station Palampur HP 176061, India
- Biochemistry Section, National Research Centre on Camel (ICAR); PB. No.07 Bikaner Rajasthan 334001, India
| | - Shantanu Das
- Riddet Institute, Massey University; Palmerston North New Zealand
| | - Harjinder Singh
- Riddet Institute, Massey University; Palmerston North New Zealand
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12
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Tran H, Bundy JW, Li YS, Carney-Hinkle EE, Miller PS, Burkey TE. Effects of spray-dried porcine plasma on growth performance, immune response, total antioxidant capacity, and gut morphology of nursery pigs1. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:4494-504. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-7620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H. Tran
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583-0908
| | - J. W. Bundy
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583-0908
| | - Y. S. Li
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583-0908
| | | | - P. S. Miller
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583-0908
| | - T. E. Burkey
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583-0908
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13
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Balan P, Han KS, Lawley B, Moughan PJ. Orally administered ovine serum immunoglobulins modulate the intestinal levels of Lactobacillus and enterobacteria in the growing rat1. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:3724-32. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-6028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P. Balan
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - K.-S. Han
- Department of Animal Resource, Sahmyook University, Seoul, 139-742, Korea
| | - B. Lawley
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - P. J. Moughan
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Balan P, Han KS, Dukkipati VSR, Moughan PJ. Recovery of intact IgG in the gastrointestinal tract of the growing rat following ingestion of an ovine serum immunoglobulin. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2013; 98:209-14. [PMID: 23441910 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether orally ingested ovine serum IgG partly resists digestion in the growing rat. Fifteen Sprague-Dawley male rats were allocated to one of three diets for a 3-week study: a control diet (CON) and two test diets containing either freeze-dried ovine serum immunoglobulin (FDOI) or inactivated ovine serum immunoglobulin (IOI). Samples of stomach chyme and intestinal digesta from the ad libitum-fed rats were subjected to ELISA and Western blot analysis. Amounts of intact ovine IgG for the FDOI diet were found to be 13.9, 20.0, 34.1, 13.0 and 36.9 μg in the total wet digesta from the stomach chyme, duodenal, jejunal, ileal and colonic digesta respectively. Qualitative detection by Western blot revealed the presence of intact ovine serum IgG with a ~150 kDa MW. This was detected in all of the gut segments (stomach chyme, duodenal, jejunal, ileal and colonic digesta) for growing rats fed the FDOI diet. No ovine IgG was detected in the chyme or digesta from rats fed the CON or the IOI diets. Ovine serum IgG partly resisted digestion in the growing rat fed the FDOI diet and was found throughout the digestive tract. These results provide a basis to explain the reported biological effects of orally administered immunoglobulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Balan
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Intact but not denatured ovine serum immunoglobulins positively modulate mucosal immune mediators in the growing rat challenged with Salmonella enteritidis. Br J Nutr 2013; 110:1031-9. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114513000172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulins are major glycoproteins that modulate the immune response of gut-associated lymphoid tissue. In the present study, we sought to determine whether orally administered ovine serum immunoglobulins modulate selected indices of mucosal immune function and immune mediators in the growing rat challenged with Salmonella enteritidis. Rats were fed a casein-based basal control diet (BD; unchallenged). Three groups of rats were challenged orally with 1 × 107 viable S. enteritidis on day 15 of the study and were fed the BD, the BD containing freeze-dried ovine immunoglobulins (FDOI), or the BD containing autoclaved ovine immunoglobulins (AOI; negative control diet). The rats were randomly allocated to one of the four groups (n 15) and consumed their diet for 18 d. In all of the intestinal segments, the challenged rats fed either the BD or AOI diet produced higher (P< 0·05) mucosal levels of interferon-γ, TNFα, IgA and myeloperoxidase activity than the challenged rats fed the FDOI diet. In contrast, IL-4 and IL-10 levels were higher in the challenged FDOI-fed rats compared with the other challenged groups. The challenged FDOI-fed rats had higher (P< 0·05) mucosal anti-Salmonella IgA and IgG in all of the intestinal segments except the jejunum and ileum. Generally, the challenged rats receiving the FDOI diet had significantly (P< 0·05) higher mucosal mucin protein content compared with challenged rats receiving either the BD or AOI diet. In conclusion, an ovine immunoglobulin fraction positively modulated some selected indices of mucosal immune function and its mediators in growing rats challenged with S. enteritidis.
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Dietary supplementation with ovine serum immunoglobulin is associated with an increased gut luminal mucin concentration in the growing rat. Animal 2011; 5:1916-22. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731111001108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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