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Zhong L, Liu H, Zhang H, Zhang W, Li M, Huang Y, Yao J, Huang X, Geng Y, Chen D, Ouyang P, Yang S, Luo W, Yin L. High Starch in Diet Leads to Disruption of Hepatic Glycogen Metabolism and Liver Fibrosis in Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides), Which is Mediated by the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway. Front Physiol 2022; 13:880513. [PMID: 35677086 PMCID: PMC9168315 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.880513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its special flavour and cheapness, starch is a source of nutrition for humans and most animals, some of whom even prefer to consume large amounts of starchy foods. However, the use of starch by carnivorous fish is limited and excessive starch intake can lead to liver damage, but the mechanism of damage is not clear. Therefore, in this study, two isonitrogenous and isolipid semi-pure diets, Z diet (0% starch) and G diet (22% starch), were formulated, respectively. The largemouth bass (M. salmoides) cultured in fiberglass tanks were randomly divided into two groups and fed the two diets for 45 days. Blood and liver were collected on day 30 and 45 for enzymology, histopathology, ultramicropathology, flow cytometry, and transcriptomics to investigate the damage of high starch on the liver of largemouth bass and its damage mechanism. The results showed that the high starch not affect the growth performance of largemouth bass. However, high starch caused a whitening of the liver and an increase in hepatopancreas index (HSI), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the serum. Histopathological observations showed that high starch led to severe vacuolisation, congestion, and moderate to severe necrotizing hepatitis in the liver. The high starch intake led to a significant increase in postprandial blood glucose and insulin in serum of largemouth bass, promoting the synthesis and accumulation of large amounts of hepatic glycogen in the liver, leading to the loss of hepatocyte organelles and inducing liver fibrosis. Meanwhile, high starch induced the production of oxidative stress and promoted apoptosis and necrosis of hepatocytes. Transcriptome analysis revealed that there were 10,927 and 2,656 unique genes in the G and Z groups, respectively. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that 19 pathways were significantly enriched, including those related to glucose metabolism and cell survival. Network mapping based on enrichment pathways and differential expressing genes showed the emergence of a regulatory network dominated by PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. This indicated that the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway plays a very important role in this process, regulating the liver injury caused by high starch. Our results provide a reference for the mechanism of liver injury caused by high starch, and the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway could be a potential therapeutic target for liver injury caused by high starch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhong
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongli Liu
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haiqi Zhang
- Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Minghao Li
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya Huang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayun Yao
- Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jiayun Yao, ; Xiaoli Huang,
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Jiayun Yao, ; Xiaoli Huang,
| | - Yi Geng
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chendu, China
| | - Defang Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Ouyang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chendu, China
| | - Shiyong Yang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lizi Yin
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chendu, China
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Tian L, Ning H, Shao W, Song Z, Badakhshi Y, Ling W, Yang BB, Brubaker PL, Jin T. Dietary Cyanidin-3-Glucoside Attenuates High-Fat-Diet-Induced Body-Weight Gain and Impairment of Glucose Tolerance in Mice via Effects on the Hepatic Hormone FGF21. J Nutr 2020; 150:2101-2111. [PMID: 32470979 PMCID: PMC7398791 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary polyphenols including anthocyanins target multiple organs. OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess the involvement of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), leptin, insulin and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) in mediating metabolic beneficial effects of purified anthocyanin cyanidin-3-glucoside (Cy3G). METHODS Intestinal proglucagon gene (Gcg; encoding GLP-1) and liver Fgf21 expression were assessed in 6-wk-old male C57BL-6J mice fed a low-fat-diet (LFD; 10% of energy from fat), alone or with 1.6 mg Cy3G/L in drinking water for 3 wk [experiment (Exp.) 1; n = 5/group]. Similar mice were fed the LFD or a high-fat diet (HFD; 60% energy from fat) with or without Cy3G for 20 wk. Half of the mice administered Cy3G also received 4 broad-spectrum antibiotics (ABs) in drinking water between weeks 11 and 14, for a total of 6 groups (n = 8/group). Metabolic tolerance tests were conducted between weeks 2 and 16. Relevant hormone gene expression and plasma hormone concentrations were assessed mainly at the end of 20 wk (Exp. 2). RESULTS In Exp. 1, Cy3G administration increased ileal but not colonic Gcg level by 2-fold (P < 0.05). In Exp. 2, Cy3G attenuated HFD-induced body-weight gain (20.3% at week 16), and improved glucose tolerance (26.5% at week 15) but not insulin tolerance. Although Cy3G had no effect on glucose tolerance in LFD mice, LFD/Cy3G/AB mice showed better glucose tolerance than LFD/Cy3G mice (23%). In contrast, HFD/Cy3G/AB mice showed worse glucose tolerance compared with HFD/Cy3G mice (15%). Beneficial effects of Cy3G in HFD mice were not associated with changes in plasma leptin, insulin or GLP-1 concentrations. However, Cy3G increased hepatic Fgf21 expression in mice in Exp. 1 by 4-fold and attenuated Fgf21 overexpression in HFD mice (Exp. 2, 22%), associated with increased expression of genes that encode FGFR1 and β-klotho (>3-fold, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Dietary Cy3G may reduce body weight and exert metabolic homeostatic effects in mice via changes in hepatic FGF21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Tian
- Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada,Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hongmei Ning
- Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada,Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Weijuan Shao
- Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada,Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Zhuolun Song
- Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada,Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yasaman Badakhshi
- Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada,Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Wenhua Ling
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yet-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Burton B Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Patricia L Brubaker
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tianru Jin
- Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada,Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada,Address correspondence to TJ (e-mail: )
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3
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Lim JY, Liu C, Hu KQ, Smith DE, Wu D, Lamon-Fava S, Ausman LM, Wang XD. Xanthophyll β-Cryptoxanthin Inhibits Highly Refined Carbohydrate Diet-Promoted Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression in Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e1900949. [PMID: 31891208 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE β-Cryptoxanthin (BCX) can be cleaved by both β-carotene 15,15'-oxygenase (BCO1) and β-carotene 9',10'-oxygenase (BCO2), generating biological active vitamin A and apocarotenoids. We examined whether BCX feeding could inhibit diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-initiated, highly refined carbohydrate diet (HRCD)-promoted hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development, dependent or independent of BCO1/BCO2 activity. METHODS AND RESULTS Two-week-old male wild-type (WT) and BCO1-/- /BCO2-/- double knockout (DKO) mice are given a single intraperitoneal injection of DEN (25 mg kg-1 body weight) to initiate hepatic carcinogenesis. At 6 weeks of age, all animals are fed HRCD (66.5% of energy from carbohydrate) with or without BCX for 24 weeks. BCX feeding increases hepatic vitamin A levels in WT mice, but not in DKO mice that shows a significant accumulation of hepatic BCX. Compared to their respective HRCD littermates, both WT and DKO fed BCX have significantly lower HCC multiplicity, average tumor size, and total tumor volume, and the steatosis scores. The chemopreventive effects of BCX are associated with increased p53 protein acetylation and decreased protein levels of lactate dehydrogenase and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in tumors. CONCLUSION This study suggests that BCX feeding may alleviate HRCD-promoted HCC progression by modulating the acetylation of p53, hypoxic tumor microenvironment, and glucose metabolism, independent of BCO1/BCO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Ye Lim
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Lab, JM USDA-HNRCA at Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.,Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Chun Liu
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Lab, JM USDA-HNRCA at Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Kang-Quan Hu
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Lab, JM USDA-HNRCA at Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Donald E Smith
- Comparative Biology Unit, JM USDA-HNRCA at Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Dayong Wu
- Nutritional Immunology Lab, JM USDA-HNRCA at Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.,Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Stefania Lamon-Fava
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Lab, JM USDA-HNRCA at Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.,Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Lynne M Ausman
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Lab, JM USDA-HNRCA at Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.,Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Xiang-Dong Wang
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Lab, JM USDA-HNRCA at Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.,Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
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Abstract
The way cancer cells utilize nutrients to support their growth and proliferation is determined by cancer cell-intrinsic and cancer cell-extrinsic factors, including interactions with the environment. These interactions can define therapeutic vulnerabilities and impact the effectiveness of cancer therapy. Diet-mediated changes in whole-body metabolism and systemic nutrient availability can affect the environment that cancer cells are exposed to within tumours, and a better understanding of how diet modulates nutrient availability and utilization by cancer cells is needed. How diet impacts cancer outcomes is also of great interest to patients, yet clear evidence for how diet interacts with therapy and impacts tumour growth is lacking. Here we propose an experimental framework to probe the connections between diet and cancer metabolism. We examine how dietary factors may affect tumour growth by altering the access to and utilization of nutrients by cancer cells. Our growing understanding of how certain cancer types respond to various diets, how diet impacts cancer cell metabolism to mediate these responses and whether dietary interventions may constitute new therapeutic opportunities will begin to provide guidance on how best to use diet and nutrition to manage cancer in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan C Lien
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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5
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Lim JY, Liu C, Hu KQ, Smith DE, Wu D, Lamon-Fava S, Ausman LM, Wang XD. Dietary β-Cryptoxanthin Inhibits High-Refined Carbohydrate Diet-Induced Fatty Liver via Differential Protective Mechanisms Depending on Carotenoid Cleavage Enzymes in Male Mice. J Nutr 2019; 149:1553-1564. [PMID: 31212314 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-Cryptoxanthin (BCX), a provitamin A carotenoid shown to protect against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), can be cleaved by β-carotene-15,15'-oxygenase (BCO1) to generate vitamin A, and by β-carotene-9',10'-oxygenase (BCO2) to produce bioactive apo-carotenoids. BCO1/BCO2 polymorphisms have been associated with variations in plasma carotenoid amounts in both humans and animals. OBJECTIVES We investigated whether BCX feeding inhibits high refined-carbohydrate diet (HRCD)-induced NAFLD, dependent or independent of BCO1/BCO2. METHODS Six-week-old male wild-type (WT) and BCO1-/-/BCO2-/- double knockout (DKO) mice were randomly fed HRCD (66.5% of energy from carbohydrate) with or without BCX (10 mg/kg diet) for 24 wk. Pathological and biochemical variables were analyzed in the liver and mesenteric adipose tissues (MATs). Data were analyzed by 2-factor ANOVA. RESULTS Compared to their respective HRCD controls, BCX reduced hepatic steatosis severity by 33‒43% and hepatic total cholesterol by 43‒70% in both WT and DKO mice (P < 0.01). Hepatic concentrations of BCX, but not retinol and retinyl palmitate, were 33-fold higher in DKO mice than in WT mice (P < 0.001). BCX feeding increased the hepatic fatty acid oxidation protein peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α, and the cholesterol efflux gene ATP-binding cassette transporter5, and suppressed the lipogenesis gene acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (Acc1) in the MAT of WT mice but not DKO mice (P < 0.05). BCX feeding decreased the hepatic lipogenesis proteins ACC and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (3-fold and 5-fold) and the cholesterol synthesis genes 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase and HMG-CoA synthase 1 (2.7-fold and 1.8-fold) and increased the cholesterol catabolism gene cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (1.9-fold) in the DKO but not WT mice (P < 0.05). BCX feeding increased hepatic protein sirtuin1 (2.5-fold) and AMP-activated protein kinase (9-fold) and decreased hepatic farnesoid X receptor protein (80%) and the inflammatory cytokine gene Il6 (6-fold) in the MAT of DKO mice but not WT mice (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION BCX feeding mitigates HRCD-induced NAFLD in both WT and DKO mice through different mechanisms in the liver-MAT axis, depending on the presence or absence of BCO1/BCO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Ye Lim
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Lab, Jean Mayer USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.,Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chun Liu
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Lab, Jean Mayer USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kang-Quan Hu
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Lab, Jean Mayer USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Donald E Smith
- Comparative Biology Unit, Jean Mayer USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dayong Wu
- Nutritional Immunology Lab, Jean Mayer USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.,Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefania Lamon-Fava
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Lab, Jean Mayer USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.,Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lynne M Ausman
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Lab, Jean Mayer USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.,Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiang-Dong Wang
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Lab, Jean Mayer USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.,Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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Li X, Tu P, Umar M, Liu Q, Luo W, Yang X, Zhu J, Kong D, Li M. A study on molecular mechanisms of adiposis induced by long-term treatment of high-fat and high-sucrose in C57BL/6J mice. Physiol Res 2019; 68:75-87. [PMID: 30433796 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiposis is reputed as a twin disease of type 2 diabetes and greatly harmful to human health. In order to understand the molecular mechanisms of adiposis, the changes of physiological, pathological, epigenetic and correlative gene expression were investigated during the adiposis development of C57BL/6J mice induced by long time (9 months) high-fat and high-sucrose diet (HFSD) sustainably. The results showed that mRNA transcription level of the Leptin, Glut4 and Glut2 genes have been obviously changed, which exhibit a negative correlation with methylation on their promoter DNA. The results also revealed that HFSD induced higher level of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) in fat tissue might play important role in regulating the changes of methylation pattern on Glut4 and Leptin genes, and which might be one of the molecular mechanisms for the adiposis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Li
- Life Science College, Nankai University, Nankai District, Tianjin, China.
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Alshammari FD, Ahmed HG, Alshammari D, Alharbi AM, Alsaedi AS, Elasbaly A. Population insight of the relationship between lifestyle and cancer: A population-based survey. AIMS Public Health 2019; 6:34-48. [PMID: 30931341 PMCID: PMC6433614 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2019.1.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is a substantial rise in the incidence of cancer in Saudi Arabia. Life style models and lack of awareness are the prime suspect in this substantial increase. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to assess the relationship between lifestyle and cancer in a population-based Survey in Northern Saudi Arabia. Methodology This cross-sectional study was conducted in North Saudi Arabia (Hail Region). Data was collected as a part of a community based cancer's awareness movement that covered an area inhibited with approximately 500,000 individuals. Results In this study, about 2558/3227 (79.3%) and 641/794 (80.7%) believed that tobacco smoking and smokeless are not a risk of cancer development. In this study large section (87.2%) of the study population believe that exposure to diverse occupational or non-occupational chemicals has no role in cancer development. Furthermore, around 59% of the study subjects in the current study believed that repeated exposure to insecticidal chemicals doesn't influence the risk of cancer. Conclusion The present study point to the urgent need for awareness educational programs and preventive measures towards may lifestyle factors that can increase or decrease the overall risk of cancer among Saudi population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawaz Dabea Alshammari
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Science, University of Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)
| | - Hussain Gadelkarim Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Molecular Diagnostics and Personalized Therapeutics Unit, University of Hail, KSA
| | - Dena Alshammari
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Science, University of Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)
| | - Ahmed Mulfy Alharbi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Science, University of Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)
| | - Atif Saud Alsaedi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Science, University of Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)
| | - Abdulbaset Elasbaly
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical sciences, Jouf University, Skaka, KSA
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Song G, Wang Y, Chen X, Pang S, Miao H, Li A, Wang W. Influences of ratio of macro-nutrients intake to human and animals: an overview. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2018.1561832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ge Song
- Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Wang
- Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Chen
- Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaojie Pang
- Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haijiang Miao
- Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aike Li
- Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Li CC, Liu C, Fu M, Hu KQ, Aizawa K, Takahashi S, Hiroyuki S, Cheng J, von Lintig J, Wang XD. Tomato Powder Inhibits Hepatic Steatosis and Inflammation Potentially Through Restoring SIRT1 Activity and Adiponectin Function Independent of Carotenoid Cleavage Enzymes in Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1700738. [PMID: 29266812 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Beta-carotene-15,15'-oxygenase (BCO1) and beta-carotene-9',10'-oxygenase (BCO2) metabolize lycopene to biologically active metabolites, which can ameliorate nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We investigate the effects of tomato powder (TP containing substantial lycopene (2.3 mg/g)) on NAFLD development and gut microbiome in the absence of both BCO1 and BCO2 in mice. METHOD AND RESULTS BCO1-/- /BCO2-/- double knockout mice were fed a high fat diet (HFD) alone (n = 9) or with TP feeding (n = 9) for 24 weeks. TP feeding significantly reduced pathological severity of steatosis and hepatic triglyceride levels in BCO1-/- /BCO2-/- mice (p < 0.04 vs HFD alone). This was associated with increased SIRT1 activity, nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase expression and AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation, and subsequently decreased lipogenesis, hepatic fatty acid uptake, and increasing fatty acid β-oxidation (p < 0.05). TP feeding significantly decreased mRNA expression of proinflammatory genes (tnf-α, il-1β, and il-6) in both liver and mesenteric adipose tissue, which were associated with increased plasma adiponectin and hepatic adiponectin receptor-2. Multiplexed 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed using DNA extracted from cecum fecal samples. TP feeding increased microbial richness and decreased relative abundance of the genus Clostridium. CONCLUSION Dietary TP can inhibit NAFLD independent of carotenoid cleavage enzymes, potentially through increasing SIRT1 activity and adiponectin production and decreasing Clostridium abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chung Li
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chun Liu
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maobin Fu
- Nature and Wellness Research Department, Research and Development Division, Kagome Co., Ltd., Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kang-Quan Hu
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Koichi Aizawa
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.,Nature and Wellness Research Department, Research and Development Division, Kagome Co., Ltd., Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shingo Takahashi
- Nature and Wellness Research Department, Research and Development Division, Kagome Co., Ltd., Tochigi, Japan
| | - Suganuma Hiroyuki
- Nature and Wellness Research Department, Research and Development Division, Kagome Co., Ltd., Tochigi, Japan
| | - Junrui Cheng
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Johannes von Lintig
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xiang-Dong Wang
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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Isocaloric Pair-Fed High-Carbohydrate Diet Induced More Hepatic Steatosis and Inflammation than High-Fat Diet Mediated by miR-34a/SIRT1 Axis in Mice. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16774. [PMID: 26608583 PMCID: PMC4660435 DOI: 10.1038/srep16774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the different effects of isocaloric high-fat diet (HFD) and high-carbohydrate diet (HCD) on hepatic steatosis and the underlying mechanisms, especially the role of microRNA-34a/silent information regulator T1 (SIRT1) axis, C57BL/6J mice (n = 12/group) were isocaloric pair-fed with Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet containing either high fat (HFLD) or high carbohydrate (HCLD) for 16 weeks. As compared to the HFLD fed mice, despite the similar final body weights, HCLD feeding: (1) induced more severe hepatic steatosis; (2) up-regulated hepatic expression of miR-34a accompanied with significant decrease of SIRT1 and nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), SIRT1 activity and phosphorylation of AMPK; (3) up-regulated de novo lipogenesis (DNL) related proteins expression (ACC, SCD1), and down-regulated expressions of miR-122, miR-370 and miR-33; (4) decreased mRNA expressions of genes Cpt1, Pparα and Pgc1α related to fatty acid oxidation; (5) increased hepatic total cholesterol concentration and decreased expression of cholesterol metabolism related genes Abcg5, Abcg8, Abcg11, Cyp7a1 and Cyp8b1; and (6) induced higher hepatic inflammatory response accompanied with significant increased mRNA expressions of Il1β, Tnfα and Mcp1. Thus, isocaloric HCLD feeding induced greater severity in hepatic steatosis and inflammatory response than HFLD feeding, potentially through miR-34a/SIRT1 axis mediated promotion of DNL, inhibition of fatty acid oxidation and cholesterol metabolism.
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Li X, Liu C, Ip BC, Hu KQ, Smith DE, Greenberg AS, Wang XD. Tumor progression locus 2 ablation suppressed hepatocellular carcinoma development by inhibiting hepatic inflammation and steatosis in mice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2015; 34:138. [PMID: 26560698 PMCID: PMC4642781 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0254-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Background Tumor progression locus 2 (TPL2), a serine-threonine kinase, functions as a critical regulator of inflammatory pathways and mediates oncogenic events. The potential role of Tpl2 in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development remains unknown. Methods Both wild-type and Tpl2 knockout male mice were initiated by a hepatic carcinogen (diethylnitrosamine, i.p. with a single dose of 25 mg.kg−1)at 2 weeks of age, and then were given the high carbohydrate diet feeding to induce hepatic steatosis, inflammation, adenoma and HCC for 24 weeks. Results Tpl2 knockout mice had significantly lower incidences of liver tumor and developed hepatocellular adenoma only, which is contrast to wild-type mice where they all developed HCC. Tpl2 knockout mice had significantly down-regulated phosphorylation of JNK and ERK, and levels of mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (Il-1β, Il-18, Mcp-1 and Nalp3), which correlated with the reduced incidence and number of hepatic inflammatory foci. Furthermore, Tpl2 ablation resulted in decreased hepatic steatosis and expression of de novo lipogenesis related markers (ACC, SCD1, SREBP1C and AKT phosphorylation), as well as reduction of endoplasmic reticulum stress biomarkers PERK and eIF-2a. Conclusion The study revealed for the first time that Tpl2 plays a significant role in promoting HCC development by its pro-inflammatory effect, which suggested that Tpl2 could be a molecular target for HCC prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Li
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.,School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Chun Liu
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Blanche C Ip
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Kang-Quan Hu
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | | | - Andrew S Greenberg
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Xiang-Dong Wang
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
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Abstract
The burden of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common form of liver cancer, is steadily growing because obesity, type 2 diabetes, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are replacing viral- and alcohol-related liver disease as major pathogenic promoters. The most worrisome aspects of these new risk factors are their large spread in the general population and their link with HCC arising in noncirrhotic livers. HCC may be the presenting feature of an asymptomatic nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the progressive form of NAFLD. The HCC risk connected to metabolic factors has been underestimated so far, and a poorer surveillance has prevented an adequate treatment. Systemic and hepatic molecular mechanisms involved in obesity- and NAFLD-induced hepatocarcinogenesis as well as potential early markers of HCC are being extensively investigated. This review summarizes current evidence linking obesity, NAFLD and liver cancer, discusses its clinical impact and describes the main mechanisms underlying this complex relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Marengo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medical Sciences, A.O. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; , ,
| | - Chiara Rosso
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medical Sciences, A.O. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; , ,
| | - Elisabetta Bugianesi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medical Sciences, A.O. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; , ,
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Ip BC, Liu C, Lichtenstein AH, von Lintig J, Wang XD. Lycopene and apo-10'-lycopenoic acid have differential mechanisms of protection against hepatic steatosis in β-carotene-9',10'-oxygenase knockout male mice. J Nutr 2015; 145:268-76. [PMID: 25644347 PMCID: PMC4304024 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.200238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is positively associated with obesity and cardiovascular disease risk. Apo-10'-lycopenoic acid (APO10LA), a potential oxidation product of apo-10'-lycopenal that is generated endogenously by β-carotene-9',10'-oxygenase (BCO2) cleavage of lycopene, inhibited hepatic steatosis in BCO2-expressing mice. OBJECTIVE The present study evaluated lycopene and APO10LA effects on hepatic steatosis in mice without BCO2 expression. METHODS Male and female BCO2-knockout (BCO2-KO) mice were fed a high saturated fat diet (HSFD) with or without APO10LA (10 mg/kg diet) or lycopene (100 mg/kg diet) for 12 wk. RESULTS Lycopene or APO10LA supplementation reduced hepatic steatosis incidence (78% and 72%, respectively) and severity in BCO2-KO male mice. Female mice did not develop steatosis, had greater hepatic total cholesterol (3.06 vs. 2.31 mg/g tissue) and cholesteryl ester (1.58 vs. 0.86 mg/g tissue), but had lower plasma triglyceride (TG) (229 vs. 282 mg/dL) and cholesterol (97.1 vs. 119 mg/dL) than male mice. APO10LA-mitigated steatosis in males was associated with reduced hepatic total cholesterol (18%) and activated sirtuin 1 signaling, which resulted in reduced fatty acids (FAs) and TG synthesis markers [stearoyl-coenzyme A (CoA) desaturase protein, 71%; acetyl-CoA carboxylase phosphorylation, 79%; AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation, 67%], and elevated cholesterol efflux genes (cytochrome P450 family 7A1, 65%; ATP-binding cassette transporter G5/8, 11%). These APO10LA-mediated effects were not mimicked by lycopene supplementation. Intriguingly, steatosis inhibition by lycopene induced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)α- and PPARγ-related genes in mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT) that increases mitochondrial uncoupling [cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor, α subunit-like effector a, 55%; PR domain-containing 16, 47%; uncoupling protein 3 (Ucp3), 55%], FA β-oxidation (PPARα, 53%; very long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, 38%), and uptake (FA transport protein 4, 29%; lipoprotein lipase 43%). Expressions of 10 MAT PPAR-related genes were inversely correlated with steatosis score, suggesting that lycopene reduced steatosis by increasing MAT FA utilization. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that lycopene and APO10LA inhibit HSFD-induced steatosis in BCO2-KO male mice through differential mechanisms. Sex disparity of BCO2-KO mice was observed in the outcomes of HSFD-induced liver steatosis and plasma lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanche C Ip
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory,,Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA; and
| | - Chun Liu
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean-Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, and,Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA; and
| | - Johannes von Lintig
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Xiang-Dong Wang
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA; and
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