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Wang J, Wu C, Zhang X, Song Y, Wang B, Zhang K, Sun M. Developmental neurotoxic effects of bisphenol A and its derivatives in Drosophila melanogaster. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 260:115098. [PMID: 37269611 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
As a result of the ban on bisphenol A (BPA), a hormone disruptor with developmental neurotoxicity, several BPA derivatives (BPs) have been widely used in industrial production. However, there are no effective methods for assessing the neurodevelopmental toxic effects of BPs. To address this, a Drosophila exposure model was established, and W1118 was reared in food containing these BPs. Results showed that each BPs displayed different semi-lethal doses ranging from 1.76 to 19.43 mM. Exposure to BPs delayed larval development and affected axonal growth, resulting in the abnormal crossing of the midline of axons in the β lobules of mushroom bodies, but the damage caused by BPE and BPF was relatively minor. BPC, BPAF, and BPAP have the most significant effects on locomotor behavior, whereas BPC exhibited the most affected social interactions. Furthermore, exposure to high-dose BPA, BPC, BPS, BPAF, and BPAP also significantly increased the expression of Drosophila estrogen-related receptors. These demonstrated that different kinds of BPs had different levels of neurodevelopmental toxicity, and the severity was BPZ > BPC and BPAF > BPB > BPS > BPAP ≈ BPAl ≈ BPF > BPE. Therefore, BPZ, BPC, BPS, BPAF, and BPAP should be evaluated as potential alternatives to BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Chunyan Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Binquan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Mingkuan Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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Karlsson I, Ponting DJ, Ortega MA, Niklasson IB, Ndreu L, Stéen EJL, Seifert T, Luthman K, Karlberg AT. Nature-Derived Epoxy Resin Monomers with Reduced Sensitizing Capacity─Isosorbide-Based Bis-Epoxides. Chem Res Toxicol 2023; 36:281-290. [PMID: 36652206 PMCID: PMC9945177 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Epoxy resin systems (ERSs) are a class of thermosetting resins that become thermostable and insoluble polymers upon curing. They are widely used as components of protective surfaces, adhesives, and paints and in the manufacturing of composites in the plastics industry. The diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) is used in 75-90% of ERSs and is thus by far the most used epoxy resin monomer (ERM). Unfortunately, DGEBA is a strong skin sensitizer and it is one of the most common causes of occupational contact dermatitis. Furthermore, DGEBA is synthesized from bisphenol A (BPA), which is a petroleum-derived chemical with endocrine-disruptive properties. In this work, we have used isosorbide, a renewable and nontoxic sugar-based material, as an alternative to BPA in the design of ERMs. Three different bis-epoxide isosorbide derivatives were synthesized: the diglycidyl ether of isosorbide (1) and two novel isosorbide-based bis-epoxides containing either a benzoic ester (2) or a benzyl ether linkage (3). Assessment of the in vivo sensitizing potency of the isosorbide bis-epoxides in the murine local lymph node assay (LLNA) showed that all three compounds were significantly less sensitizing than DGEBA, especially 2 which was nonsensitizing up to 25% w/v. The peptide reactivity showed the same order of reactivity as the LLNA, i.e., 2 being the least reactive, followed by 3 and then 1, which displayed similar peptide reactivity as DGEBA. Skin permeation of 2 and 3 was compared to DGEBA using ex vivo pig skin and static Franz cells. The preliminary investigations of the technical properties of the polymers formed from 1-3 were promising. Although further investigations of the technical properties are needed, all isosorbide bis-epoxides have the potential to be less sensitizing renewable replacements of DGEBA, especially 2 that had the lowest sensitizing potency in vivo as well as the lowest peptide reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Karlsson
- Department of Environmental Science, Exposure and Effect, Stockholm University, SE-106 91Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David J Ponting
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Dermatochemistry and Skin Allergy, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Miguel A Ortega
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Dermatochemistry and Skin Allergy, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ida B Niklasson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Dermatochemistry and Skin Allergy, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lorena Ndreu
- Department of Environmental Science, Exposure and Effect, Stockholm University, SE-106 91Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E Johanna L Stéen
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Dermatochemistry and Skin Allergy, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tina Seifert
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Medicinal Chemistry, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kristina Luthman
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Medicinal Chemistry, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ann-Therese Karlberg
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Dermatochemistry and Skin Allergy, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96Gothenburg, Sweden
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Wang D, Zhao H, Fei X, Synder SA, Fang M, Liu M. A comprehensive review on the analytical method, occurrence, transformation and toxicity of a reactive pollutant: BADGE. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 155:106701. [PMID: 34146765 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE)-based epoxy resin is one of the most widely used epoxy resins with an annual production amount of several million tons. Compared with all other legacy or emerging organic compounds, BADGE is special due to its toxicity and high reactivity in the environment. More and more studies are available on its analytical methods, occurrence, transformation and toxicity. Here, we provided a comprehensive review of the current BADGE-related studies, with focus on its production, application, available analytical methods, occurrences in the environment and human specimen, abiotic and biotic transformation, as well as the in vitro and in vivo toxicities. The available data show that BADGE and its derivatives are ubiquitous environmental chemicals and often well detected in human specimens. For their analysis, a water-free sample pretreatment should be considered to avoid hydrolysis. Additionally, their complex reactions with endogenous metabolites are areas of great interest. To date, the monitoring and further understanding of their transport and fate in the environment are still quite lacking, comparing with its analogues bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol S (BPS). In terms of toxicity, the summary of its current studies and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ToxCast toxicity database suggests BADGE might be an endocrine disruptor, though more detailed evidence is still needed to confirm this hypothesis in in vivo animal models. Future study of BADGE should focus on its metabolic transformation, reaction with protein and validation of its role as an endocrine disruptor. We believe that the elucidation of BADGEs can greatly enhance our understandings of those reactive compounds in the environment and human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China
| | - Haoduo Zhao
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Xunchang Fei
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Shane Allen Synder
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Mingliang Fang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore.
| | - Min Liu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore.
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Williams MJ, Cao H, Lindkvist T, Mothes TJ, Schiöth HB. Exposure to the environmental pollutant bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) causes cell over-proliferation in Drosophila. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:25261-25270. [PMID: 32347502 PMCID: PMC7329772 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08899-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), a derivative of bisphenol A (BPA), is widely used in the manufacture of epoxy resins as well as a coating on food containers. Recent studies have demonstrated the adverse effects of BADGE on reproduction and development in rodents and amphibians, but how BADGE affects biological activity is not understood. To gain a better understanding of the biological effects of BADGE exposure during development, we used the model organism Drosophila melanogaster and performed whole transcriptome sequencing. Interestingly, when Drosophila are raised on food containing BADGE, genes having significantly increased transcript numbers are enriched for those involved in regulating cell proliferation, including DNA replication and cell cycle control. Furthermore, raising larvae on BADGE-containing food induces hemocyte (blood cell) over-proliferation. This effect can be stimulated with even lower concentrations of BADGE if the hemocytes are already primed for cell proliferation by the expression of dominant active Ras GTPase. We conclude that chronic exposure to the xenobiotic BADGE throughout development can induce cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Williams
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Box 593, 75 124, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Hao Cao
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Box 593, 75 124, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Therese Lindkvist
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Box 593, 75 124, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tobias J Mothes
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Box 593, 75 124, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helgi B Schiöth
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Box 593, 75 124, Uppsala, Sweden
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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Miyazaki I, Kikuoka R, Isooka N, Takeshima M, Sonobe K, Arai R, Funakoshi H, Quin KE, Smart J, Zensho K, Asanuma M. Effects of maternal bisphenol A diglycidyl ether exposure during gestation and lactation on behavior and brain development of the offspring. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 138:111235. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Ullah A, Pirzada M, Jahan S, Ullah H, Razak S, Rauf N, Khan MJ, Mahboob SZ. Prenatal BPA and its analogs BPB, BPF, and BPS exposure and reproductive axis function in the male offspring of Sprague Dawley rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 38:1344-1365. [PMID: 31514588 DOI: 10.1177/0960327119862335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Research in the past has indicated associated long-term and low levels of exposure of bisphenol A (BPA) in early life and neuroendocrine disorders, such as obesity, precocious puberty, diabetes, and hypertension. BPA and its analogs bisphenol B (BPB), bisphenol F (BPF), and bisphenol S (BPS) have been reported to have similar or even more toxic effect as compared to BPA. Exposure of rats to BPA and its analogs BPB, BPF, and BPS resulted in decreased sperm production, testosterone secretion, and histological changes in the reproductive tissues of male rats. In the present study, BPA, BPB, BPF, and BPS were administered in drinking water at concentrations of (5, 25, and 50 μg/L) from pregnancy day (PD) 1 to PD 21. Body weight (BW), hormonal concentrations, antioxidant enzymes, and histological changes were determined in the reproductive tissues. BPA and its analogs prenatal exposure to female rats induced significant statistical difference in the antioxidant enzymes, plasma testosterone, and estrogen concentrations in the male offspring when compared with the control. Histological parameters of both testis and epididymis revealed prominent changes in the reproductive tissues. The present study suggests that BPA and its analogs BPB, BPF, and BPS different concentrations led to marked alterations in the development of the male reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ullah
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M Pirzada
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - S Jahan
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - H Ullah
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - S Razak
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - N Rauf
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M J Khan
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - S Z Mahboob
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Association between bisphenol A diglycidyl ether-specific IgG in serum and food sensitization in young children. Eur J Med Res 2018; 23:61. [PMID: 30587237 PMCID: PMC6306001 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-018-0358-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have reported that endocrine-disrupting compound (EDC) exposure is related to food sensitization. Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) is one of the most widespread EDCs and its biological effects are considered to be greater on children than on adults. This study investigated the relationship between serum BADGE-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations and food sensitization in young children by measuring food-specific IgE levels. Methods In total, 98 young children (59 boys and 39 girls; median age: 7 months; 25th and 75th percentile ages: 6 and 8 months, respectively) were enrolled. Blood samples were collected twice from all children (median sampling interval: 6 months; 25th and 75th percentile: 5 and 7 months). Food sensitization was evaluated based on food-specific IgE titers (egg white, milk, and wheat), which were determined using the capsulated hydrophilic carrier polymer-radioallergosorbent test. Furthermore, a dot-blotting assay for BADGE-specific IgG and quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR for IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and COX-2 mRNA expression were conducted. Results BADGE-specific IgG was detected in 20% of study subjects. A significant association was observed between the presence of BADGE-specific IgG and elevated wheat-specific IgE levels (OR = 3.56; 95% CI 1.13–11.2; P = 0.031). This relationship was particularly strong in girls (OR = 9.46; 95% CI 1.01–89.0; P = 0.049). A slight but non-significant association was noted between the presence of BADGE-specific IgG and elevated milk-specific IgE levels (OR = 2.77; 95% CI 0.93–8.22; P = 0.067). The expression of IL-6 mRNA among children with BADGE-specific IgG tended to increase, along with wheat-specific IgE levels. Conclusion BADGE exposure might enhance food sensitization in early childhood. Therefore, this should be strictly regulated, especially in younger children. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40001-018-0358-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Choi SJ, Yun ES, Shin JM, Kim YS, Lee JS, Lee JH, Kim DG, Oh YH, Jung K, Kim GH. Concentrations of Bisphenols in Canned Foods and Their Risk Assessment in Korea. J Food Prot 2018; 81:903-916. [PMID: 29737868 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to survey concentrations of bisphenols in canned foods using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, to estimate the dietary exposure to bisphenols, and to assess the related risk for the Korean population from the intake of canned foods. The linearity of bisphenols in the range of 2.5 to 725 μg/L was satisfactory with correlation coefficients ( r2) of 0.999. The limit of detection was 0.14 to 5.85 μg/L, and the limit of quantitation was 0.44 to 17.73 μg/L. Sample recoveries were 70.56 to 113.6%, with relative standard deviations below 10% for spiking levels of 50 and 250 μg/kg (15 and 75 μg/kg for BPS). The bisphenol concentrations in 104 canned foods ranged from undetectable to 1,525 μg/kg. The estimated mean daily intake of bisphenols was 0.54 to 78.69 ng/kg of body weight per day, and the 95th percentile daily intake was 1.92 to 134 ng/kg of body weight per day. Therefore, the intake of bisphenols from canned foods for the population in Korea is unlikely to cause human health problems. The analytical methods used are suitable for regular monitoring and assessment of human exposure to bisphenols from foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jeong Choi
- 1 Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment, Seoul, Korea.,2 Department of Food and Nutrition, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Sun Yun
- 1 Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Min Shin
- 1 Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeo Sook Kim
- 1 Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Sook Lee
- 1 Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Hyo Lee
- 1 Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Gu Kim
- 1 Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Hee Oh
- 1 Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kweon Jung
- 1 Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gun Hee Kim
- 2 Department of Food and Nutrition, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
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Xue J, Kannan P, Kumosani TA, Al-Malki AL, Kannan K. Resin-based dental sealants as a source of human exposure to bisphenol analogues, bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, and its derivatives. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 162:35-40. [PMID: 29276977 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Although studies have examined leaching of bisphenol A (BPA) from dental sealants into saliva, occurrence of BPA, bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), and their derivatives in dental sealants themselves has not been investigated. In this study, concentrations of eight bisphenol analogues (BPs), BADGE and its derivatives (BADGEs), including BADGE‧H2O, BADGE‧HCl, BADGE‧2H2O, BADGE‧2HCl, and BADGE‧H2O‧HCl, were determined in 70 dental sealants collected from the U.S. market. Of the 70 dental sealants analyzed, 65 contained at least one of the target chemicals measured. BADGE‧2H2O was the most abundant compound, found at concentrations of up to 1780µg/g. The geometric mean (GM) concentration of total BADGEs was 47.8µg/g, which was two to three orders of magnitude higher than that of total BPs (GM: 539ng/g). BPA was found in 46% of the sealants and BADGEs was found in 87% of the sealants analyzed. Majority of the dental sealants analyzed in this study were manufactured in the United States and Korea; no significant differences were observed in the concentrations of BPs and BADGEs between the two countries. An exposure assessment was made based on the concentrations of BPs and BADGEs measured in sealants and their application rates in dentistry. The worst-case exposure scenario with the highest measured concentration of total BPs and BADGEs and application on 8 teeth at 8mg each yielded an estimated daily intake (EDI) of 1670 and 5850ng/kg·bw/day for adults and children, respectively. Although the EDI is below the specific migration limit set by the European Food Safety Authority, dental sealants are a source of exposure to BPs and BADGEs, especially in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchuan Xue
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA
| | - Pranav Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA
| | - Taha A Kumosani
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, and Production of Bioproducts for Industrial Applications Research Group and Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman L Al-Malki
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Bioactive Natural Products Research Group, and Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, and Production of Bioproducts for Industrial Applications Research Group and Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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Xue J, Liu W, Kannan K. Bisphenols, Benzophenones, and Bisphenol A Diglycidyl Ethers in Textiles and Infant Clothing. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:5279-5286. [PMID: 28368574 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b00701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Little is known with regard to the occurrence of potentially toxic chemicals in textiles and clothes. In this study, 77 textiles and infant clothing pieces were analyzed for the determination of bisphenols including bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol S (BPS), benzophenones, bisphenol A diglycidyl ethers (BADGEs), and novolac glycidyl ethers (NOGEs). BPA and BPS occurred in 82% and 53% of the textile samples, respectively, and at mean concentrations of 366 and 15 ng/g, respectively. Benzophenone-3 (BP3) occurred in 70% of the samples at a mean concentration of 11.3 ng/g. Among 11 BADGEs and NOGEs analyzed, BFDGE was the predominant compound, with a mean concentration of 13.6 ng/g. Concentrations of target chemicals were assessed by fabric type, color, and uses. Socks contained the highest concentrations of BPA (mean: 1810 ng/g) with concentrations as high as 13 300 ng/g in a 97% polyester fabric marketed for infants. Calculated dermal exposure dose to BPA by infants via textiles was as high as 7280 pg/kg BW/d. This is the first study to report the occurrence of, and exposure to, BPA, BPS, BADGEs, and NOGEs in textiles and clothing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchuan Xue
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany , Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, New York 12201-0509, United States
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany , Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, New York 12201-0509, United States
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Hutler Wolkowicz I, Svartz GV, Aronzon CM, Pérez Coll C. Developmental toxicity of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (epoxide resin badge) during the early life cycle of a native amphibian species. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2016; 35:3031-3038. [PMID: 27176149 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) is used in packaging materials, in epoxy adhesives, and as an additive for plastics, but it is also a potential industrial wastewater contaminant. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the adverse effects of BADGE on Rhinella arenarum by means of standardized bioassays at embryo-larval development. The results showed that BADGE was more toxic to embryos than to larvae at all exposure times. At acute exposure, lethality rates of embryos exposed to concentrations of 0.0005 mg/L BADGE and greater were significantly higher than rates in the vehicle control, whereas lethality rates of larvae were significantly higher in concentrations of 10 mg/L BADGE and greater. The toxicity then increased significantly, with 96-h median lethal concentrations (LC50s) of 0.13 mg/L and 6.9 mg/L BADGE for embryos and larvae, respectively. By the end of the chronic period, the 336-h LC50s were 0.04 mg/L and 2.2 mg/L BADGE for embryos and larvae, respectively. This differential sensitivity was also ascertained by the 24-h pulse exposure experiments, in which embryos showed a stage-dependent toxicity, with blastula being the most sensitive stage and S.23 the most resistant. The most important sublethal effects in embryos were cell dissociation and delayed development, whereas the main abnormalities observed in larvae related to neurotoxicity, as scare response to stimuli and narcotic effect. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:3031-3038. © 2016 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ianina Hutler Wolkowicz
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela V Svartz
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina M Aronzon
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Christina Pérez Coll
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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12
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Yang YJ, Hong YP, Chae SA. Reduction in semen quality after mixed exposure to bisphenol A and isobutylparaben in utero and during lactation periods. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 35:902-11. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327115608927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This study was performed to determine the effect of low-level exposure to a mixture of bisphenol A (BPA) and isobutylparaben (IBP) on male reproduction. Corn oil, BPA (0.05 mg/kg/day), IBP (2.5 mg/kg/day), and a BPA/IBP mixture (BPA 0.05 mg/kg/day and IBP 2.5 mg/kg/day) were administered once daily by oral gavage to female rats for 5 weeks from gestation day 6 to lactation day 21. Male pups were killed at postnatal day 70 and examined for developmental characteristics, body weight, testis and epididymis weight, steroid hormones, epididymal sperm count and motility, and histological changes in testis and epididymis. The BPA/IBP mixture produced a significant downregulation of epididymal sperm count and motility. BPA or IBP alone also reduced epididymal sperm count and motility compared to control. These results indicate that exposure to low-level BPA/IBP mixture, which showed no notable physiological response in early life stages, can decrease semen quality in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Jung Yang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
- Institute for Integrative Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary’s Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Yeon-Pyo Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Ahn Chae
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
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13
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Xue J, Wan Y, Kannan K. Occurrence of bisphenols, bisphenol A diglycidyl ethers (BADGEs), and novolac glycidyl ethers (NOGEs) in indoor air from Albany, New York, USA, and its implications for inhalation exposure. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 151:1-8. [PMID: 26923236 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenols, bisphenol A diglycidyl ethers (BADGEs), and novolac glycidyl ethers (NOGEs) are used in the production of epoxy resins and polycarbonate plastics. Despite the widespread application of these chemicals in household products, studies on their occurrence in indoor air are limited. In this study, 83 indoor air samples were collected in 2014 from various locations in Albany, New York, USA, to determine the concentrations of bisphenols, BADGEs (refer to BADGE and its derivatives), and NOGEs (refer to NOGE and its derivatives) and to calculate inhalation exposure to these compounds. Among eight bisphenols measured, BPA, BPF, and BPS were found in bulk air (i.e., vapor plus particulate phases), at geometric mean (GM) concentrations of 0.43, 0.69 and 0.09 ng m(-3), respectively. Among 11 BADGEs and NOGEs determined, BADGE·2H2O was the predominant compound found in indoor air (detection rate [DR]: 85.5%), at concentrations as high as 6.71 ng m(-3). Estimation of inhalation exposure to these chemicals for various age groups showed that teenagers had the highest exposure doses to BPA, BPF, BPS, and BADGE·2H2O at 5.91, 9.48, 1.24, and 3.84 ng day(-1), respectively. The body weight-normalized estimates of exposure were the highest for infants, with values at 0.24, 0.39, 0.05, and 0.16 ng kg bw(-1) day(-1) for BPA, BPF, BPS, and BADGE·2H2O, respectively. This is the first survey to report inhalation exposure to bisphenols, BADGEs, and NOGEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchuan Xue
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY 12201, United States
| | - Yanjian Wan
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Yangtze River Administration and Navigational Affairs, General Hospital of the Yangtze River Shipping, Wuhan 430019, China
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY 12201, United States; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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14
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A simple method for the enrichment of bisphenols using boron nitride. Food Chem 2016; 194:149-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.07.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Tran TM, Minh TB, Kumosani TA, Kannan K. Occurrence of phthalate diesters (phthalates), p-hydroxybenzoic acid esters (parabens), bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and their derivatives in indoor dust from Vietnam: Implications for exposure. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 144:1553-1559. [PMID: 26498104 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Phthalate diesters (phthalates), esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (parabens), and bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) are used in personal care products, food packages, household products, or pharmaceuticals. These compounds possess endocrine-disrupting potentials and have been reported to occur in the environment. Nevertheless, no previous studies have reported the occurrence of these compounds in indoor dust from Vietnam. In this study, nine phthalates, six parabens, and four BADGEs were determined in indoor dust samples collected from Hanoi, Hatinh, Hungyen, and Thaibinh, in Vietnam. Total concentrations of phthalates, parabens, and BADGEs in indoor dust ranged from 3440 to 106,000 ng/g (median: 22,600 ng/g), 40-840 ng/g (median: 123 ng/g), and 23 to 1750 ng/g (median: 184 ng/g), respectively. Based on the measured median concentration of phthalates, parabens, and BADGEs in indoor dust, we estimated human exposure doses to these compounds through indoor dust ingestion for various age groups. The exposure doses to phthalates, parabens, and BADGEs decreased with age and ranged from 19.4 to 90.4 ng/kg-bw/d, 0.113-0.528 ng/kg-bw/d, and 0.158-0.736 ng/kg-bw/d, respectively. This is the first study on the occurrence and human exposure of phthalates, parabens, and BADGEs in indoor dust from Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tri Manh Tran
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY, 12201-0509, United States; Faculty of Chemistry, Hanoi University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tu Binh Minh
- Faculty of Chemistry, Hanoi University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Taha A Kumosani
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY, 12201-0509, United States; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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16
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Tri TM, Anh DH, Hoai PM, Minh NH, Nam VD, Viet PH, Minh TB. Emerging Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals in Vietnam: A Review of Environmental Occurrence and Fate in Aquatic and Indoor Environments. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2016-1244.ch010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tran Manh Tri
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, 19 Le Thanh Tong Street, Hoankiem, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Center for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development, VNU University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai Street, Thanhxuan, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Center for Environmental Monitoring, Vietnam Environment Administration, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environement, 556 Nguyen Van Cu Street, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Center for Training, Consultancy and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Duong Hong Anh
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, 19 Le Thanh Tong Street, Hoankiem, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Center for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development, VNU University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai Street, Thanhxuan, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Center for Environmental Monitoring, Vietnam Environment Administration, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environement, 556 Nguyen Van Cu Street, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Center for Training, Consultancy and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Pham Manh Hoai
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, 19 Le Thanh Tong Street, Hoankiem, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Center for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development, VNU University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai Street, Thanhxuan, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Center for Environmental Monitoring, Vietnam Environment Administration, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environement, 556 Nguyen Van Cu Street, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Center for Training, Consultancy and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Hung Minh
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, 19 Le Thanh Tong Street, Hoankiem, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Center for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development, VNU University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai Street, Thanhxuan, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Center for Environmental Monitoring, Vietnam Environment Administration, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environement, 556 Nguyen Van Cu Street, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Center for Training, Consultancy and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Vu Duc Nam
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, 19 Le Thanh Tong Street, Hoankiem, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Center for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development, VNU University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai Street, Thanhxuan, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Center for Environmental Monitoring, Vietnam Environment Administration, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environement, 556 Nguyen Van Cu Street, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Center for Training, Consultancy and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Pham Hung Viet
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, 19 Le Thanh Tong Street, Hoankiem, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Center for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development, VNU University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai Street, Thanhxuan, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Center for Environmental Monitoring, Vietnam Environment Administration, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environement, 556 Nguyen Van Cu Street, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Center for Training, Consultancy and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tu Binh Minh
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, 19 Le Thanh Tong Street, Hoankiem, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Center for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development, VNU University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai Street, Thanhxuan, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Center for Environmental Monitoring, Vietnam Environment Administration, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environement, 556 Nguyen Van Cu Street, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Center for Training, Consultancy and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Hanoi, Vietnam
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17
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Xue J, Venkatesan AK, Wu Q, Halden RU, Kannan K. Occurrence of Bisphenol A Diglycidyl Ethers (BADGEs) and Novolac Glycidyl Ethers (NOGEs) in Archived Biosolids from the U.S. EPA's Targeted National Sewage Sludge Survey. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:6538-6544. [PMID: 25922885 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b01115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Epoxy resins incorporating bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and novolac glycidyl ether (NOGE) are used in a wide range of applications, including adhesives, structural and electrical laminates. However, little is known about the occurrence of BADGE, NOGE, and their derivatives in the environment. Using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, BADGE, bisphenol F glycidyl ether (BFDGE), 3-ring NOGE, and eight of their derivatives (BADGE·2 H2O, BADGE·H2O, BADGE·HCl·H2O, BADGE·2 HCl, BADGE·HCl, BFDGE·2 H2O, and BFDGE·2 HCl) were determined in archived biosolid samples collected from 68 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) from the northeastern, midwestern, western, and southern regions of the USA. BADGE·2 H2O was the most frequently detected (DR = 99%) and the most abundant compound found (median: 93.6 ng/g dry weight [dw]) in this family. The highest total concentrations of target chemicals, ranging from 83.6 to 2490 ng/g dw, were found in biosolids collected from the northeastern United States. The sum of geometric mean (GM) concentration of BADGE, NOGE, and their derivatives in biosolids increased with the treatment capacity of WWTPs. Based on the measured concentrations in biosolids and predicted mass in wastewater, it was estimated that approximately 3.5% of the total production of BADGEs was emitted through WWTP discharges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchuan Xue
- †Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York 12201, United States
| | - Arjun K Venkatesan
- ‡Center for Environmental Security, The Biodesign Institute, Global Security Initiative, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Qian Wu
- †Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York 12201, United States
| | - Rolf U Halden
- ‡Center for Environmental Security, The Biodesign Institute, Global Security Initiative, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- †Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York 12201, United States
- §Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Distribution of serum bisphenol A diglycidyl ether and its metabolite in Korean adult men and its association with reproductive hormone levels. Mol Cell Toxicol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-015-0009-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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19
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Wang L, Xue J, Kannan K. Widespread occurrence and accumulation of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) and their derivatives in human blood and adipose fat. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:3150-7. [PMID: 25679329 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Despite the widespread use of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in various consumer products, studies on human exposure to these compounds are scarce. In this study, BADGE, BFDGE, and seven of their derivatives were determined in human adipose fat and blood plasma samples collected from New York City, NY. Bisphenol A bis (2,3-dihydroxypropyl) ether [BADGE·2H2O] was the major BADGE derivative found in 60% of the adipose samples and 70% of the plasma samples analyzed. High concentrations and detection frequencies of BFDGE were found in both adipose and plasma samples. BFDGE concentrations in adipose fat ranged from 19.1 to 4500 ng/g wet weight. A significant correlation between BADGE or BFDGE and their derivatives in adipose and plasma samples suggested hydration of these reactive compounds in humans. A significant positive correlation existed between BADGEs (i.e., the sum of BADGE and its five derivatives) and BFDGEs in adipose samples, which suggested similar exposure sources and pathways for these compounds in humans. Bisphenol A (BPA) also was analyzed in adipose fat and plasma, and its concentrations were positively correlated with those of BADGEs, which confirmed coexposure of BADGEs and BPA in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
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20
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Alabi A, Caballero-Casero N, Rubio S. Quick and simple sample treatment for multiresidue analysis of bisphenols, bisphenol diglycidyl ethers and their derivatives in canned food prior to liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1336:23-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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Asimakopoulos AG, Thomaidis NS, Kannan K. Widespread occurrence of bisphenol A diglycidyl ethers, p-hydroxybenzoic acid esters (parabens), benzophenone type-UV filters, triclosan, and triclocarban in human urine from Athens, Greece. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 470-471:1243-1249. [PMID: 24246946 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.10.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Biomonitoring of human exposure to bisphenol A diglycidyl ethers (BADGEs; resin coating for food cans), p-hydroxybenzoic acid esters (parabens; preservatives), benzophenone-type UV filters (BP-UV filters; sunscreen agents), triclosan (TCS; antimicrobials), and triclocarban (TCC; antimicrobials) has been investigated in western European countries and North America. Nevertheless, little is known about the exposure of Greek populations to these environmental chemicals. In this study, 100 urine samples collected from Athens, Greece, were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) for the determination of total concentrations of five derivatives of BADGEs, six parabens and their metabolite (ethyl-protocatechuate), five derivatives of BP-UV filters, TCS, and TCC. Urinary concentrations of BADGEs, parabens, ethyl-protocatechuate, BP-UV filters, TCS and TCC (on a volume basis) ranged 0.3-20.9 (geometric mean: 0.9), 1.6-1010 (24.2), <2-71.0 (2.1), 0.5-1120 (4.4), <0.5-2580 (8.0) and <0.5-1.9 (0.6) ng/mL, respectively. All 19 target chemicals were found in urine, and the highest detection rates were observed for methyl paraben (100%), bisphenol A bis (2,3-dihydroxypropyl) ether (90%), ethyl paraben (87%), 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone (78%), propyl paraben (72%), and TCS (71%). Estimated daily intakes (EDIurine), calculated on the basis of the measured urinary concentrations, ranged from 0.023 μg/kg bw/day for Σ5BADGEs to 31.4 μg/kg bw/day for Σ6Parabens.
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Key Words
- 2,2′,4,4′-OH-BP or BP-2
- 2,2′,4,4′-tetrahydroxybenzophenone
- 2,2′-OH-4MeO-BP or BP-8
- 2,2′-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone
- 2,3,4-OH-BP
- 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzophenone
- 2,4-OH-BP or BP-1
- 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone
- 4-OH-BP
- 4-hydroxybenzophenone
- BADGEs
- BADGE•2H(2)O
- BADGE•H(2)O
- BADGE•HCl
- BADGE•HCl•H(2)O
- BP-UV filters
- Benzophenones
- Biomonitoring
- Bisphenol A diglycidyl ethers
- BuP
- BzP
- EtP
- HeptP
- MeP
- OH-EtP
- Parabens
- PrP
- TCC
- TCS
- Triclosan
- Urine
- benzophenone-type UV filters
- benzyl paraben
- bisphenol A (2,3-dihydroxypropyl) glycidyl ether
- bisphenol A (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) (2,3-dihydroxypropyl) ether
- bisphenol A (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) glycidyl ether
- bisphenol A bis (2,3-dihydroxypropyl) ether
- butyl paraben
- ethyl paraben
- ethyl-protocatechuate
- heptyl paraben
- methyl paraben
- p-hydroxybenzoic acid esters
- parabens
- propyl paraben
- triclocarban
- triclosan
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros G Asimakopoulos
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York, USA; Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos S Thomaidis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, Athens, Greece
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York, USA.
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Wang L, Wu Y, Zhang W, Kannan K. Widespread occurrence and distribution of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and its derivatives in human urine from the United States and China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:12968-76. [PMID: 23145811 DOI: 10.1021/es304050f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Despite reports of the occurrence of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and its derivatives in canned foods and consumer products, biomonitoring studies of human exposure to these compounds are lacking. In this study, 127 urine samples collected from the U.S. and China were analyzed for free and total (free plus conjugated) concentrations of BADGE and its three derivatives, bisphenol A (2,3-dihydroxypropyl) glycidyl ether [BADGE·H(2)O], bisphenol A (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) (2,3-dihydroxypropyl) ether [BADGE·HCl·H(2)O], and bisphenol A bis (2,3-dihydroxypropyl) ether [BADGE·2H(2)O], using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). BADGE and its three derivatives (collectively referred to as BADGEs) were found in 100% of the urine samples analyzed. Total urinary concentrations of BADGEs in the U.S. ranged from 1.24 to 9.03 ng/mL, with a GM concentration of 3 ng/mL. Concentrations of BADGEs in urine from adults (GM: 1.36 ng/mL) and children (1.02 ng/mL) in China were 3-fold lower than the concentrations found in the U.S. Both free and conjugated forms of BADGEs were present in urine, and the proportion of free form was inversely related to the total concentration of BADGEs. Among the four BADGEs measured in urine, BADGE·2H(2)O was the predominant compound, accounting for 45-60% of the total BADGEs concentration, followed by BADGE (17-24%). The distribution of the four BADGEs varied, depending on age, gender, and ethnicity of the adults and children. Daily intake (DI) and effective daily intake (DI(E)) of BADGEs were estimated based on urinary concentrations, and their respective values were 69.4 and 9.16 ng/kg-bw/day for the U.S. population and 28.4 and 5.69 ng/kg-bw/day for the Chinese population. The concentrations of BADGEs in U.S. urine were 3- to 4-fold higher than the corresponding concentrations of bisphenol A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, New York 12210-0509, USA
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Wang L, Liao C, Liu F, Wu Q, Guo Y, Moon HB, Nakata H, Kannan K. Occurrence and human exposure of p-hydroxybenzoic acid esters (parabens), bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), and their hydrolysis products in indoor dust from the United States and three East Asian countries. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:11584-93. [PMID: 23025715 DOI: 10.1021/es303516u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
p-Hydroxybenzoic acid esters (parabens) and bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) are widely present in personal care products, food packages, and material coatings. Nevertheless, little is known about the occurrence of these compounds in indoor dust. In this study, we collected 158 indoor dust samples from the U.S., China, Korea, and Japan and determined the concentrations of 11 target chemicals, viz., six parabens and their common hydrolysis product, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HB), as well as BADGE and its three hydrolysis products (BADGE·H(2)O, BADGE·2H(2)O, and BADGE·HCl·H(2)O). All of the target compounds were found in dust samples from four countries. Concentrations of sum of six parabens in dust were on the order of several hundred to several thousands of nanogram per gram. Geometric mean concentrations of BADGEs in dust ranged from 1300 to 2890 ng/g among four countries. Methyl paraben (MeP), propyl paraben (PrP), BADGE·2H(2)O, and BADGE·HCl·H(2)O were the predominant compounds found in dust samples. This is the first report of BADGE and its hydrolysis products (BADGEs) in indoor dust samples and of parabens in indoor dust from Asian countries. On the basis of the measured concentrations of target chemicals, we estimated the daily intake (EDI) via dust ingestion. The EDIs of parabens via dust ingestion were 5-10 times higher in children than in adults. Among the four countries studied, the EDIs of parabens (5.4 ng/kg-bw/day) and BADGEs (6.5 ng/kg-bw/day) through dust ingestion were the highest for children in Korea and Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, New York 12210-0509, USA
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Chamorro-García R, Kirchner S, Li X, Janesick A, Casey SC, Chow C, Blumberg B. Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether induces adipogenic differentiation of multipotent stromal stem cells through a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-independent mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2012; 120:984-9. [PMID: 22763116 PMCID: PMC3404682 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1205063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), used in manufacturing coatings and resins, leach from packaging materials into food. Numerous studies suggested that BPA and BADGE may have adverse effects on human health, including the possibility that exposure to such chemicals can be superimposed on traditional risk factors to initiate or exacerbate the development of obesity. BPA is a suspected obesogen, whereas BADGE, described as a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) antagonist, could reduce weight gain. OBJECTIVES We sought to test the adipogenic effects of BADGE in a biologically relevant cell culture model. METHODS We used multipotent mesenchymal stromal stem cells (MSCs) to study the adipogenic capacity of BADGE and BPA and evaluated their effects on adipogenesis, osteogenesis, gene expression, and nuclear receptor activation. DISCUSSION BADGE induced adipogenesis in human and mouse MSCs, as well as in mouse 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. In contrast, BPA failed to promote adipogenesis in MSCs, but induced adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. BADGE exposure elicited an adipogenic gene expression profile, and its ability to induce adipogenesis and the expression of adipogenic genes was not blocked by known PPARγ antagonists. Neither BADGE nor BPA activated or antagonized retinoid "X" receptor (RXR) or PPARγ in transient transfection assays. CONCLUSIONS BADGE can induce adipogenic differentiation in both MSCs and in preadipocytes at low nanomolar concentrations comparable to those that have been observed in limited human biomonitoring. BADGE probably acts through a mechanism that is downstream of, or parallel to, PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Chamorro-García
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2300, USA
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Saito K, Niijima A, Kamite E, Watanabe M. Bisphenol A and estrone-induced developmental effects in early chick embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2012; 27:58-62. [PMID: 21702074 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2009] [Revised: 03/26/2010] [Accepted: 03/27/2010] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disruptors, especially estrogenic substances, are thought to affect the reproduction and development of animals, including humans. We therefore assessed whether bisphenol A (BPA) or estrone (E1) had any adverse effects on chick embryogenesis. Fertilized eggs of white Leghorns were obtained within 24 h after laying. Embryos were administered 0.1, 1.0, and 10.0 mM BPA, and administered 10, 100 nM, and 1 μM E1, and incubated for 48 h at 37 ± 0.5°C and >80% relative humidity with one rotation per hour. The embryos were excised, fixed in 70% ethanol and viewed under a stereomicroscope. Their morphological abnormalities and numbers of somites were recorded. There were no significant difference in the average number of somites in embryos administered BPA and controls. Abnormal embryogenesis, however, showed dose-related increases caused by BPA and E1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Saito
- Laboratory of Environmental Health and Food Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo, Japan.
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In vivo alternative assessment of the chemicals that interfere with anterior pituitary POMC expression and interrenal steroidogenesis in POMC: EGFP transgenic zebrafish. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2010; 248:217-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2010.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Revised: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 08/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Yang YJ, Lee SY, Kim KY, Hong YP. Acute testis toxicity of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether in Sprague-Dawley rats. J Prev Med Public Health 2010; 43:131-7. [PMID: 20383046 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.2010.43.2.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) is a liquid compound obtained by condensation of two molecules of epichlorohydrin with one molecule of bisphenol A. General and reproductive toxicity with BADGE has been reported higher than 1000 mg/kg/day. This study was performed to show the effects of acute exposure to BADGE below 1000 mg/kg/day on the testis in adult male rats. METHODS BADGE was administered by gastric lavage in a single dose of 500, 750, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg/day in 8-week old male SPF Sprague-Dawley rats. The right testis was processed for light microscopic analysis. The left testis was homogenized and spermatids were counted to determine the daily sperm production and daily abnormal sperm production. The sperm count, sperm motility, and incidence of abnormal sperm were estimated in the epididymis. In testicular sections, the seminiferous tubules were observed for qualitative changes. The progression of spermatogenesis was arbitrarily classified as full-matured, maturing, and immature. The specimen slide was observed at 3 points and 10 seminiferous tubules were evaluated at each point. RESULTS The male rats exposed to single oral dose of BADGE at 750, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg/day were significantly increased the number of immature and maturing sperm on the testis. There were no significant differences with respect to sperm head count, sperm motility, and sperm abnormality in the BADGE treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that single oral exposure of BADGE 750 mg/kg/day can affect adult male testis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Jung Yang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Korea
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Li D, Fan H, Ye WJ, Hou HF. Developmental Toxicity of Bisphenol-A on Post-Implantation Rat Embryos Cultured in Vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1248/jhs.56.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Li
- Laboratory and Preventive Medicine Department, Taishan Medical University
| | - Hua Fan
- Laboratory and Preventive Medicine Department, Taishan Medical University
| | - Wen-Jing Ye
- Laboratory and Preventive Medicine Department, Taishan Medical University
| | - Hai-Feng Hou
- Laboratory and Preventive Medicine Department, Taishan Medical University
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Garcia FG, Elena Leyva M, Alencar de Queiroz AA, Zazuco Higa O. Epoxy networks for medicine applications: Mechanical properties andin vitrobiological properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.29528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Brown JS. Effects of bisphenol-A and other endocrine disruptors compared with abnormalities of schizophrenia: an endocrine-disruption theory of schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2009; 35:256-78. [PMID: 18245062 PMCID: PMC2643957 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbm147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, numerous substances have been identified as so-called "endocrine disruptors" because exposure to them results in disruption of normal endocrine function with possible adverse health outcomes. The pathologic and behavioral abnormalities attributed to exposure to endocrine disruptors like bisphenol-A (BPA) have been studied in animals. Mental conditions ranging from cognitive impairment to autism have been linked to BPA exposure by more than one investigation. Concurrent with these developments in BPA research, schizophrenia research has continued to find evidence of possible endocrine or neuroendocrine involvement in the disease. Sufficient information now exists for a comparison of the neurotoxicological and behavioral pathology associated with exposure to BPA and other endocrine disruptors to the abnormalities observed in schizophrenia. This review summarizes these findings and proposes a theory of endocrine disruption, like that observed from BPA exposure, as a pathway of schizophrenia pathogenesis. The review shows similarities exist between the effects of exposure to BPA and other related chemicals with schizophrenia. These similarities can be observed in 11 broad categories of abnormality: physical development, brain anatomy, cellular anatomy, hormone function, neurotransmitters and receptors, proteins and factors, processes and substances, immunology, sexual development, social behaviors or physiological responses, and other behaviors. Some of these similarities are sexually dimorphic and support theories that sexual dimorphisms may be important to schizophrenia pathogenesis. Research recommendations for further elaboration of the theory are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, VCU School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA.
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Mayer-Davis EJ, Dabelea D, Lamichhane AP, D'Agostino RB, Liese AD, Thomas J, McKeown RE, Hamman RF. Breast-feeding and type 2 diabetes in the youth of three ethnic groups: the SEARCh for diabetes in youth case-control study. Diabetes Care 2008; 31:470-5. [PMID: 18071004 DOI: 10.2337/dc07-1321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the hypothesis that breast-feeding is associated with reduced type 2 diabetes among African-American, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic white youth, mediated in part by current weight status. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The SEARCH Case-Control Study, an ancillary study to SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth, was conducted in two of six SEARCH clinical sites. Eighty youth with type 2 diabetes aged 10-21 years were included. Nondiabetic control participants were recruited from primary care provider offices (n = 167). Breast-feeding information was recalled by biological mothers. RESULTS Prevalence (%) of breast-feeding (any duration) was lower among youth with type 2 diabetes than among control subjects (19.5 vs. 27.1 for African Americans, 50.0 vs. 83.8 for Hispanics, and 39.1 vs. 77.6 for non-Hispanic whites). The overall crude odds ratio for the association of breast-feeding (ever versus never) and type 2 diabetes was 0.26 (95% CI 0.15-0.46). Results were similar by race/ethnic group (P value for interaction = 0.17). The odds ratio for the association after adjusting for 12 potential confounders was 0.43 (0.19-0.99). When current BMI z-score was added to the model, the odds ratio was attenuated (0.82 [0.30-2.30]), suggesting possible mediation through current childhood weight status. Analyses that incorporated duration of breast-feeding, adjusted for potential confounders, provided evidence for dose response (test for trend, P value <0.0001), even after inclusion of BMI z-score. CONCLUSIONS Breast-feeding appears to be protective against development of type 2 diabetes in youth, mediated in part by current weight status in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Mayer-Davis
- Center for Research in Nutrition and Health Disparities and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.
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