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Han CL, Yan YC, Yan LJ, Meng GX, Yang CC, Liu H, Ding ZN, Dong ZR, Hong JG, Chen ZQ, Li T. Efficacy and security of tumor vaccines for hepatocellular carcinoma: a systemic review and meta-analysis of the last 2 decades. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:1425-1441. [PMID: 35482077 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04008-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor vaccines for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an area of intense interest. Tremendous clinical trials have been conducted globally, but the efficacy and security of tumor vaccines are elusive. The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy and security of tumor vaccines. METHODS All relevant studies were identified in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of science and Cochrane Library databases. Objective response rate (ORR), median overall survival (OS), or median progression-free survival (PFS) and 95% CI were meta-analyzed based on the random-effects model. The individual-level data of OS, PFS were pooled by conducting survival analysis. All observed adverse events were collected. RESULTS 31 studies containing 35 eligible cohorts with 932 HCC patients were included. The pooled ORR were 7% (95% CI 3-14%), while ORR of dendritic cell (DC) vaccine (19%, 95% CI 11-29%) were highly significant than ORR of peptide vaccine (1%, 95% CI 0-5%). The pooled median OS and PFS were 13.67 months (95% CI 8.20-22.80) and 6.19 months (95% CI 2.97-12.91), respectively. The pooled median OS (DC vaccine: median OS = 21.77 months, 95% CI 18.33-25.86; Peptide vaccine: median OS = 10.08 months, 95% CI 5.23-19.44) and PFS (DC vaccine: median PFS = 11.01 months, 95% CI 5.25-23.09; Peptide vaccine: median PFS = 1.97 months, 95% CI 1.53-2.54) of DC vaccine were also longer than that of peptide vaccine. HBV-related HCC may acquire more benefits from tumor vaccines than HCV-related HCC. In almost all studies, the observed toxicities were moderate even tiny. CONCLUSIONS Tumor vaccines for HCC, especially DC vaccine, are safe and worth exploring. More high-quality prospective studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Long Han
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Chuan Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Lun-Jie Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Xiao Meng
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Cheng Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Niu Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Ru Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Guo Hong
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China.
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An J, Hu X, Liu F. Current understanding of cancer stem cells: Immune evasion and targeted immunotherapy in gastrointestinal malignancies. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1114621. [PMID: 36910604 PMCID: PMC9996315 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1114621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
As a relatively rare population of cancer cells existing in the tumor microenvironment, cancer stem cells (CSCs) possess properties of immune privilege to evade the attack of immune system, regulated by the microenvironment of CSCs, the so-called CSCs niche. The bidirectional interaction of CSCs with tumor microenvironment (TME) components favors an immunosuppressive shelter for CSCs' survival and maintenance. Gastrointestinal cancer stem cells (GCSCs) are broadly regarded to be intimately involved in tumor initiation, progression, metastasis and recurrence, with elevated tumor resistance to conventional therapies, which pose a major hindrance to the clinical efficacy for treated patients with gastrointestinal malignancies. Thus, a multitude of efforts have been made to combat and eradicate GCSCs within the tumor mass. Among diverse methods of targeting CSCs in gastrointestinal malignancies, immunotherapy represents a promising strategy. And the better understanding of GCSCs immunomodulation and immunoresistance mechanisms is beneficial to guide and design novel GCSCs-specific immunotherapies with enhanced immune response and clinical efficacy. In this review, we have gathered available and updated information to present an overview of the immunoevasion features harbored by cancer stem cells, and we focus on the description of immune escape strategies utilized by CSCs and microenvironmental regulations underlying CSCs immuno-suppression in the context of gastrointestinal malignancies. Importantly, this review offers deep insights into recent advances of CSC-targeting immunotherapeutic approaches in gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi An
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohua Hu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Fu C, Tian G, Duan J, Liu K, Zhang C, Yan W, Wang Y. Therapeutic Antitumor Efficacy of Cancer Stem Cell-Derived DRibble Vaccine on Colorectal Carcinoma. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:3249-3260. [PMID: 34400894 PMCID: PMC8364449 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.61510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy has been a promising strategy for colon cancer therapy, but the efficacy of dendritic cell vaccines is in part limited by immunogenicity of loaded antigens. In this study, we aimed to identify a putative tumor antigen that can generate or enhance anti-tumor immune responses against colon cancer. CD44+ colon cancer stem cells (CCSCs) were isolated from mouse colorectal carcinoma CT-26 cell cultures and induced to form defective ribosomal products-containing autophagosome-rich blebs (DRibbles) by treatment with rapamycin, bortezomib, and ammonium chloride. DRibbles were characterized by western blot and transmission electron microscopy. DCs generated from the mice bone marrow monocytes were cocultured with DRibbles, then surface markers of DCs were analyzed by flow cytometry. Meanwhile, the efficacy of DRibble-DCs was examined in vivo. Our results showed that CCSC-derived DRibbles upregulated CD80, CD86, major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I, and MHC-II on DCs and induced proliferation of mouse splenic lymphocytes and CD8+ T cells. In a model of colorectal carcinoma using BALB/c mice with robust tumor growth and mortality, DC vaccine pulsed with CCSC-derived DRibbles suppressed tumor growth and extended survival. A lactate dehydrogenase test indicated a strong cytolytic activity of cytotoxic T-cells derived from mice vaccinated with CCSC-derived DRibbles against CT-26 cells. Furthermore, flow cytometry analyses showed that the percentages of IFN-γ-producing CD8+ T-cells were increased in SD-DC group compare with the other groups. These findings provide a rationale for novel immunotherapeutic anti-tumor approaches based on DRibbles derived from colon cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhao Fu
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.,Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Geer Tian
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Jinyue Duan
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Weiqun Yan
- Medical Institute of Regeneration Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
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Tan J, Chen S, Lu Y, Yao D, Xu L, Zhang Y, Yang L, Chen J, Lai J, Yu Z, Zhu K, Li Y. Higher PD-1 expression concurrent with exhausted CD8+ T cells in patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia. Chin J Cancer Res 2017; 29:463-470. [PMID: 29142466 DOI: 10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2017.05.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the association between the T cell inhibitory receptor programmed death 1 (PD-1) and T cell exhaustion status in T cells from patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and AML in complete remission (CR). Methods Surface expression of PD-1 and the exhaustion and immunosenescence markers CD244 and CD57 on CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from peripheral blood samples from 20 newly diagnosed, untreated AML patients and 10 cases with AML in CR was analyzed by flow cytometry. Twenty-three healthy individuals served as control. Results A significantly higher percentage of PD-1+ cells were found for CD3+ T cells in the de novo AML group compared with healthy controls. In addition, an increased level of PD-1+CD8+ T cells, but not PD-1+CD4+, was found for CD3+ T cells in the de novo AML and AML-CR samples. A higher percentage of CD244+CD4+, CD244+CD8+, CD57+CD4+ and CD57+CD8+ T cells was found in CD3+ T cells in samples from those with de novo AML compared with those from healthy controls. Strong increased PD-1+CD244+ and PD-1+CD57+ co-expression was found for CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the de novo AML group compared with healthy controls. Conclusions We characterized the major T cell defects, including co-expression of PD-1 and CD244, CD57-exhausted T cells in patients with de novo AML, and found a particular influence on CD8+ T cells, suggesting a poor anti-leukemia immune response in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxiong Tan
- Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yuhong Lu
- Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Danlin Yao
- Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yikai Zhang
- Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lijian Yang
- Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jing Lai
- Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhi Yu
- Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Kanger Zhu
- Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yangqiu Li
- Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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