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Zhou X, Ye C, Okamoto T, Iwao Y, Kawata N, Shimada A, Haneishi H. Multi-modal evaluation of respiratory diaphragm motion in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using MRI series and CT images. Jpn J Radiol 2024:10.1007/s11604-024-01638-9. [PMID: 39096482 DOI: 10.1007/s11604-024-01638-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airflow limitation and breathing difficulty, is usually caused by prolonged inhalation of toxic substances or long-term smoking habits. Some abnormal features of COPD can be observed using medical imaging methods, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT). This study aimed to conduct a multi-modal analysis of COPD, focusing on assessing respiratory diaphragm motion using MRI series in conjunction with low attenuation volume (LAV) data derived from CT images. MATERIALS AND METHOD This study utilized MRI series from 10 normal subjects and 24 COPD patients, along with thoracic CT images from the same patients. Diaphragm profiles in the sagittal thoracic MRI series were extracted using field segmentation, and diaphragm motion trajectories were generated from estimated diaphragm displacements via registration. Re-sliced sagittal CT images were used to calculate regional LAVs for four distinct lung regions. The similarities among diaphragm motion trajectories at various positions were assessed, and their correlations with regional LAVs were analyzed. RESULTS Compared with the normal subjects, patients with COPD typically exhibited fewer similarities in diaphragm motion, as indicated by the mean normalized correlation coefficient of the vertical motion component (0.96 for normal subjects vs. 0.76 for severity COPD patients). This reduction was significantly correlated with the LAV% in the two lower lung regions with a regression coefficient of 0.81. CONCLUSION Our proposed evaluation method may assist in the diagnosis and therapy planning for patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Zhou
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Chen Ye
- School of Communications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210003, China.
- Center for Frontier Medical Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Okamoto
- Center for Frontier Medical Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Yuma Iwao
- Center for Frontier Medical Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-0024, Japan
| | - Naoko Kawata
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-0856, Japan
| | - Ayako Shimada
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-0856, Japan
- Department of Respirology, Shin-Yurigaoka General Hospital, Kawasaki, 215-0026, Japan
| | - Hideaki Haneishi
- Center for Frontier Medical Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
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Polyak A, Harting H, Angrisani N, Herrmann T, Ehlert N, Meißner J, Willmann M, Al-Bazaz S, Ross TL, Bankstahl JP, Reifenrath J. Preparation and PET/CT imaging of implant directed 68Ga-labeled magnetic nanoporous silica nanoparticles. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:270. [PMID: 37592318 PMCID: PMC10433681 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02041-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Implant infections caused by biofilm forming bacteria are a major threat in orthopedic surgery. Delivering antibiotics directly to an implant affected by a bacterial biofilm via superparamagnetic nanoporous silica nanoparticles could present a promising approach. Nevertheless, short blood circulation half-life because of rapid interactions of nanoparticles with the host's immune system hinder them from being clinically used. The aim of this study was to determine the temporal in vivo resolution of magnetic nanoporous silica nanoparticle (MNPSNP) distribution and the effect of PEGylation and clodronate application using PET/CT imaging and gamma counting in an implant mouse model. METHODS PEGylated and non-PEGylated MNPSNPs were radiolabeled with gallium-68 (68Ga), implementing the chelator tris(hydroxypyridinone). 36 mice were included in the study, 24 mice received a magnetic implant subcutaneously on the left and a titanium implant on the right hind leg. MNPSNP pharmacokinetics and implant accumulation was analyzed in dependence on PEGylation and additional clodronate application. Subsequently gamma counting was performed for further final analysis. RESULTS The pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of all radiolabeled nanoparticles could clearly be visualized and followed by dynamic PET/CT imaging. Both variants of 68Ga-labeled MNPSNP accumulated mainly in liver and spleen. PEGylation of the nanoparticles already resulted in lower liver uptakes. Combination with macrophage depletion led to a highly significant effect whereas macrophage depletion alone could not reveal significant differences. Although MNPSNP accumulation around implants was low in comparison to the inner organs in PET/CT imaging, gamma counting displayed a significantly higher %I.D./g for the tissue surrounding the magnetic implants compared to the titanium control. Additional PEGylation and/or macrophage depletion revealed no significant differences regarding nanoparticle accumulation at the implantation site. CONCLUSION Tracking of 68Ga-labeled nanoparticles in a mouse model in the first critical hours post-injection by PET/CT imaging provided a better understanding of MNPSNP distribution, elimination and accumulation. Although PEGylation increases circulation time, nanoparticle accumulation at the implantation site was still insufficient for infection treatment and additional efforts are needed to increase local accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andras Polyak
- NIFE - Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Heidi Harting
- NIFE - Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
- Clinic for Orthopedic Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Nina Angrisani
- NIFE - Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- Clinic for Orthopedic Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Timo Herrmann
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstraße 9, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nina Ehlert
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstraße 9, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jessica Meißner
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Foundation, Buenteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Willmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Silav Al-Bazaz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tobias L Ross
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jens P Bankstahl
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Janin Reifenrath
- NIFE - Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- Clinic for Orthopedic Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
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Similarities in Quantitative Computed Tomography Imaging of the Lung in Severe Asthma with Persistent Airflow Limitation and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10215058. [PMID: 34768576 PMCID: PMC8584690 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10215058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Severe asthma with persistent airflow limitation (SA-PAL) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are characterised by irreversible airflow limitation and the remodelling of the airways. The phenotypes of the diseases overlap and may cause diagnostic and therapeutic concerns. Methods: There were 10 patients with SA-PAL, 11 patients with COPD, and 10 healthy volunteers (HV) enrolled in this study. The patients were examined with a 128-multislice scanner at full inspiration. Measurements were taken from the third to ninth bronchial generations. Results: The thickness of the bronchial wall was greater in the SA-PAL than in the COPD group for most bronchial generations (p < 0.05). The mean lung density was the lowest in the SA-PAL group (−846 HU), followed by the COPD group (−836 HU), with no statistical difference between these two groups. The low-attenuation volume percentage (LAV% < −950 HU) was significantly higher in the SA-PAL group (15.8%) and COPD group (10.4%) compared with the HV group (7%) (p = 0.03). Conclusion: Severe asthma with persistent airflow limitation and COPD become similar with time within the functional and morphological dimensions. Emphysema qualities are present in COPD and in SA-PAL patients.
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Gefter WB, Lee KS, Schiebler ML, Parraga G, Seo JB, Ohno Y, Hatabu H. Pulmonary Functional Imaging: Part 2-State-of-the-Art Clinical Applications and Opportunities for Improved Patient Care. Radiology 2021; 299:524-538. [PMID: 33847518 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2021204033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary functional imaging may be defined as the regional quantification of lung function by using primarily CT, MRI, and nuclear medicine techniques. The distribution of pulmonary physiologic parameters, including ventilation, perfusion, gas exchange, and biomechanics, can be noninvasively mapped and measured throughout the lungs. This information is not accessible by using conventional pulmonary function tests, which measure total lung function without viewing the regional distribution. The latter is important because of the heterogeneous distribution of virtually all lung disorders. Moreover, techniques such as hyperpolarized xenon 129 and helium 3 MRI can probe lung physiologic structure and microstructure at the level of the alveolar-air and alveolar-red blood cell interface, which is well beyond the spatial resolution of other clinical methods. The opportunities, challenges, and current stage of clinical deployment of pulmonary functional imaging are reviewed, including applications to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, interstitial lung disease, pulmonary embolism, and pulmonary hypertension. Among the challenges to the deployment of pulmonary functional imaging in routine clinical practice are the need for further validation, establishment of normal values, standardization of imaging acquisition and analysis, and evidence of patient outcomes benefit. When these challenges are addressed, it is anticipated that pulmonary functional imaging will have an expanding role in the evaluation and management of patients with lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren B Gefter
- From the Department of Radiology, Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (W.B.G.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (SKKU-SOM), Seoul, South Korea (K.S.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (M.L.S.); Departments of Medicine and Medical Biophysics, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Canada (G.P.); Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.B.S.); Department of Radiology and Joint Research Laboratory of Advanced Medical Imaging, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan (Y.O.); and Center for Pulmonary Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02215 (H.H.)
| | - Kyung Soo Lee
- From the Department of Radiology, Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (W.B.G.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (SKKU-SOM), Seoul, South Korea (K.S.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (M.L.S.); Departments of Medicine and Medical Biophysics, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Canada (G.P.); Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.B.S.); Department of Radiology and Joint Research Laboratory of Advanced Medical Imaging, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan (Y.O.); and Center for Pulmonary Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02215 (H.H.)
| | - Mark L Schiebler
- From the Department of Radiology, Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (W.B.G.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (SKKU-SOM), Seoul, South Korea (K.S.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (M.L.S.); Departments of Medicine and Medical Biophysics, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Canada (G.P.); Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.B.S.); Department of Radiology and Joint Research Laboratory of Advanced Medical Imaging, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan (Y.O.); and Center for Pulmonary Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02215 (H.H.)
| | - Grace Parraga
- From the Department of Radiology, Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (W.B.G.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (SKKU-SOM), Seoul, South Korea (K.S.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (M.L.S.); Departments of Medicine and Medical Biophysics, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Canada (G.P.); Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.B.S.); Department of Radiology and Joint Research Laboratory of Advanced Medical Imaging, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan (Y.O.); and Center for Pulmonary Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02215 (H.H.)
| | - Joon Beom Seo
- From the Department of Radiology, Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (W.B.G.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (SKKU-SOM), Seoul, South Korea (K.S.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (M.L.S.); Departments of Medicine and Medical Biophysics, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Canada (G.P.); Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.B.S.); Department of Radiology and Joint Research Laboratory of Advanced Medical Imaging, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan (Y.O.); and Center for Pulmonary Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02215 (H.H.)
| | - Yoshiharu Ohno
- From the Department of Radiology, Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (W.B.G.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (SKKU-SOM), Seoul, South Korea (K.S.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (M.L.S.); Departments of Medicine and Medical Biophysics, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Canada (G.P.); Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.B.S.); Department of Radiology and Joint Research Laboratory of Advanced Medical Imaging, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan (Y.O.); and Center for Pulmonary Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02215 (H.H.)
| | - Hiroto Hatabu
- From the Department of Radiology, Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (W.B.G.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (SKKU-SOM), Seoul, South Korea (K.S.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (M.L.S.); Departments of Medicine and Medical Biophysics, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Canada (G.P.); Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.B.S.); Department of Radiology and Joint Research Laboratory of Advanced Medical Imaging, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan (Y.O.); and Center for Pulmonary Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02215 (H.H.)
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Jones MA, MacCuaig WM, Frickenstein AN, Camalan S, Gurcan MN, Holter-Chakrabarty J, Morris KT, McNally MW, Booth KK, Carter S, Grizzle WE, McNally LR. Molecular Imaging of Inflammatory Disease. Biomedicines 2021; 9:152. [PMID: 33557374 PMCID: PMC7914540 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases include a wide variety of highly prevalent conditions with high mortality rates in severe cases ranging from cardiovascular disease, to rheumatoid arthritis, to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, to graft vs. host disease, to a number of gastrointestinal disorders. Many diseases that are not considered inflammatory per se are associated with varying levels of inflammation. Imaging of the immune system and inflammatory response is of interest as it can give insight into disease progression and severity. Clinical imaging technologies such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are traditionally limited to the visualization of anatomical information; then, the presence or absence of an inflammatory state must be inferred from the structural abnormalities. Improvement in available contrast agents has made it possible to obtain functional information as well as anatomical. In vivo imaging of inflammation ultimately facilitates an improved accuracy of diagnostics and monitoring of patients to allow for better patient care. Highly specific molecular imaging of inflammatory biomarkers allows for earlier diagnosis to prevent irreversible damage. Advancements in imaging instruments, targeted tracers, and contrast agents represent a rapidly growing area of preclinical research with the hopes of quick translation to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith A. Jones
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA; (M.A.J.); (W.M.M.); (A.N.F.)
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (J.H.-C.); (K.T.M.); (M.W.M.); (K.K.B.); (S.C.)
| | - William M. MacCuaig
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA; (M.A.J.); (W.M.M.); (A.N.F.)
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (J.H.-C.); (K.T.M.); (M.W.M.); (K.K.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Alex N. Frickenstein
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA; (M.A.J.); (W.M.M.); (A.N.F.)
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (J.H.-C.); (K.T.M.); (M.W.M.); (K.K.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Seda Camalan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (S.C.); (M.N.G.)
| | - Metin N. Gurcan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (S.C.); (M.N.G.)
| | - Jennifer Holter-Chakrabarty
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (J.H.-C.); (K.T.M.); (M.W.M.); (K.K.B.); (S.C.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Katherine T. Morris
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (J.H.-C.); (K.T.M.); (M.W.M.); (K.K.B.); (S.C.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Molly W. McNally
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (J.H.-C.); (K.T.M.); (M.W.M.); (K.K.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Kristina K. Booth
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (J.H.-C.); (K.T.M.); (M.W.M.); (K.K.B.); (S.C.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Steven Carter
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (J.H.-C.); (K.T.M.); (M.W.M.); (K.K.B.); (S.C.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - William E. Grizzle
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Lacey R. McNally
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (J.H.-C.); (K.T.M.); (M.W.M.); (K.K.B.); (S.C.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Kitchen MJ, Buckley GA, Kerr LT, Lee KL, Uesugi K, Yagi N, Hooper SB. Emphysema quantified: mapping regional airway dimensions using 2D phase contrast X-ray imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:4176-4190. [PMID: 32923035 PMCID: PMC7449757 DOI: 10.1364/boe.390587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We have developed an analyser-based phase contrast X-ray imaging technique to measure the mean length scale of pores or particles that cannot be resolved directly by the system. By combining attenuation, phase and ultra-small angle X-ray scattering information, the technique was capable of measuring differences in airway dimension between lungs of healthy mice and those with mild and severe emphysema. Our measurements of airway dimensions from 2D images showed a 1:1 relationship to the actual airway dimensions measured using micro-CT. Using 80 images, the sensitivity and specificity were measured to be 0.80 and 0.89, respectively, with the area under the ROC curve close to ideal at 0.96. Reducing the number of images to 11 slightly decreased the sensitivity to 0.75 and the ROC curve area to 0.90, whilst the specificity remained high at 0.89.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus J. Kitchen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash
University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Genevieve A. Buckley
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash
University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | | | - Katie L. Lee
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash
University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Kentaro Uesugi
- The Ritchie Centre, MIMR-PHI Institute of
Medical Research and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology,
Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | - Naoto Yagi
- The Ritchie Centre, MIMR-PHI Institute of
Medical Research and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology,
Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
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Farzin A, Etesami SA, Quint J, Memic A, Tamayol A. Magnetic Nanoparticles in Cancer Therapy and Diagnosis. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901058. [PMID: 32196144 PMCID: PMC7482193 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
There is urgency for the development of nanomaterials that can meet emerging biomedical needs. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) offer high magnetic moments and surface-area-to-volume ratios that make them attractive for hyperthermia therapy of cancer and targeted drug delivery. Additionally, they can function as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and can improve the sensitivity of biosensors and diagnostic tools. Recent advancements in nanotechnology have resulted in the realization of the next generation of MNPs suitable for these and other biomedical applications. This review discusses methods utilized for the fabrication and engineering of MNPs. Recent progress in the use of MNPs for hyperthermia therapy, controlling drug release, MRI, and biosensing is also critically reviewed. Finally, challenges in the field and potential opportunities for the use of MNPs toward improving their properties are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Farzin
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, USA
| | - S. Alireza Etesami
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Memphis. Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Jacob Quint
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Adnan Memic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Ali Tamayol
- Division of Engineering in Medicine Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
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Milne S, Huvanandana J, Nguyen C, Duncan JM, Chapman DG, Tonga KO, Zimmermann SC, Slattery A, King GG, Thamrin C. Time-based pulmonary features from electrical impedance tomography demonstrate ventilation heterogeneity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 127:1441-1452. [PMID: 31556831 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00304.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a functional imaging technique that allows real-time monitoring of ventilation distribution. Ventilation heterogeneity (VH) is a characteristic feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and has previously been quantified using features derived from tidal variations in the amplitude of the EIT signal. However, VH may be better described by time-based metrics, the measurement of which is made possible by the high temporal resolution of EIT. We aimed 1) to quantify VH using novel time-based EIT metrics and 2) to determine the physiological relevance of these metrics by exploring their relationships with complex lung mechanics measured by the forced oscillation technique (FOT). We performed FOT, spirometry, and tidal-breathing EIT measurements in 11 healthy controls and 9 volunteers with COPD. Through offline signal processing, we derived 3 features from the impedance-time (Z-t) curve for each image pixel: 1) tE, mean expiratory time; 2) PHASE, mean time difference between pixel and global Z-t curves; and 3) AMP, mean amplitude of Z-t curve tidal variation. Distribution was quantified by the coefficient of variation (CV) and the heterogeneity index (HI). Both CV and HI of the tE and PHASE features were significantly increased in COPD compared with controls, and both related to spirometry and FOT resistance and reactance measurements. In contrast, distribution of the AMP feature showed no relationships with lung mechanics. These novel time-based EIT metrics of VH reflect complex lung mechanics in COPD and have the potential to allow real-time visualization of pulmonary physiology in spontaneously breathing subjects.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Pulmonary electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a real-time imaging technique capable of monitoring ventilation with exquisite temporal resolution. We report novel, time-based EIT measurements that not only demonstrate ventilation heterogeneity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but also reflect oscillatory lung mechanics. These EIT measurements are noninvasive, radiation-free, easy to obtain, and provide real-time visualization of the complex pathophysiology of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Milne
- Airway Physiology and Imaging Group and Woolcock Emphysema Centre, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Huvanandana
- Airway Physiology and Imaging Group and Woolcock Emphysema Centre, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chinh Nguyen
- Airway Physiology and Imaging Group and Woolcock Emphysema Centre, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joseph M Duncan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David G Chapman
- Airway Physiology and Imaging Group and Woolcock Emphysema Centre, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Translational Airways Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katrina O Tonga
- Airway Physiology and Imaging Group and Woolcock Emphysema Centre, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, the University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sabine C Zimmermann
- Airway Physiology and Imaging Group and Woolcock Emphysema Centre, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alexander Slattery
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gregory G King
- Airway Physiology and Imaging Group and Woolcock Emphysema Centre, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia.,Centre of Excellence in Severe Asthma, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cindy Thamrin
- Airway Physiology and Imaging Group and Woolcock Emphysema Centre, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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9
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Vanfleteren LE, Ojanguren I, Nolan CM, Franssen FM, Andrianopoulos V, Grgic A, van Dijk M, Slebos DJ, Daines L, Kocks JW, Kahn N. European Respiratory Society International Congress, Paris, 2018: highlights from the Clinical Assembly. ERJ Open Res 2019; 5:00176-2018. [PMID: 30775373 PMCID: PMC6368995 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00176-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This article contains highlights and a selection of the scientific advances from the European Respiratory Society's Clinical Assembly (Assembly 1 and its five respective groups) that were presented at the 2018 European Respiratory Society International Congress in Paris, France. The most relevant topics from each of the groups will be discussed, covering a wide range of areas including clinical problems, rehabilitation and chronic care, thoracic imaging, interventional pulmonology, and general practice and primary care. The newest research, actual data and highlight sessions will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lowie E.G.W. Vanfleteren
- COPD Center, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Iñigo Ojanguren
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claire M. Nolan
- Harefield Pulmonary Rehabilitation and Muscle Research Laboratory, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Vasileios Andrianopoulos
- Institute for Pulmonary Rehabilitation Research, Schoen Klinik Berchtesgadener Land, Schoenau am Koenigssee, Germany
| | - Aleksandar Grgic
- Dept of Nuclear Medicine, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Marlies van Dijk
- Dept of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Jan Slebos
- Dept of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Luke Daines
- Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Janwillem W.H. Kocks
- General Practitioners Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolas Kahn
- Dept of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, Thoraxklinik, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany
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10
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Kopp FK, Daerr H, Si-Mohamed S, Sauter AP, Ehn S, Fingerle AA, Brendel B, Pfeiffer F, Roessl E, Rummeny EJ, Pfeiffer D, Proksa R, Douek P, Noël PB. Evaluation of a preclinical photon-counting CT prototype for pulmonary imaging. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17386. [PMID: 30478300 PMCID: PMC6255779 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35888-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate a preclinical spectral photon-counting CT (SPCCT) prototype compared to conventional CT for pulmonary imaging. A custom-made lung phantom, including nodules of different sizes and shapes, was scanned with a preclinical SPCCT and a conventional CT in standard and high-resolution (HR-CT) mode. Volume estimation was evaluated by linear regression. Shape similarity was evaluated with the Dice similarity coefficient. Spatial resolution was investigated via MTF for each imaging system. In-vivo rabbit lung images from the SPCCT system were subjectively reviewed. Evaluating the volume estimation, linear regression showed best results for the SPCCT compared to CT and HR-CT with a root mean squared error of 21.3 mm3, 28.5 mm3 and 26.4 mm3 for SPCCT, CT and HR-CT, respectively. The Dice similarity coefficient was superior for SPCCT throughout nodule shapes and all nodule sizes (mean, SPCCT: 0.90; CT: 0.85; HR-CT: 0.85). 10% MTF improved from 10.1 LP/cm for HR-CT to 21.7 LP/cm for SPCCT. Visual investigation of small pulmonary structures was superior for SPCCT in the animal study. In conclusion, the SPCCT prototype has the potential to improve the assessment of lung structures due to higher resolution compared to conventional CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix K Kopp
- Department of diagnostic and interventional Radiology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
| | - Heiner Daerr
- Philips GmbH Innovative Technologies, Research Laboratories, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Salim Si-Mohamed
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Cardio-vascular and Thoracic Diagnostic Imaging, Louis Pradel University Hospital, Bron, France.,CREATIS, CNRS UMR 5220, INSERM U1206, INSA-Lyon, France
| | - Andreas P Sauter
- Department of diagnostic and interventional Radiology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ehn
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics & Munich School of BioEngineering, Technische Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Alexander A Fingerle
- Department of diagnostic and interventional Radiology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brendel
- Philips GmbH Innovative Technologies, Research Laboratories, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franz Pfeiffer
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics & Munich School of BioEngineering, Technische Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Ewald Roessl
- Philips GmbH Innovative Technologies, Research Laboratories, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ernst J Rummeny
- Department of diagnostic and interventional Radiology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Pfeiffer
- Department of diagnostic and interventional Radiology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Roland Proksa
- Philips GmbH Innovative Technologies, Research Laboratories, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Philippe Douek
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Cardio-vascular and Thoracic Diagnostic Imaging, Louis Pradel University Hospital, Bron, France.,CREATIS, CNRS UMR 5220, INSERM U1206, INSA-Lyon, France
| | - Peter B Noël
- Department of diagnostic and interventional Radiology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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11
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Campos MA, Diaz AA. The Role of Computed Tomography for the Evaluation of Lung Disease in Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency. Chest 2017; 153:1240-1248. [PMID: 29175361 PMCID: PMC6026284 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2017.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is characterized by low serum levels of or dysfunctional alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor. In the lung parenchyma, this results in a loss of protection against the activity of serine proteases, particularly neutrophil elastase. The resultant imbalance in protease and antiprotease activity leads to an increased risk for the development of early-onset emphysema and COPD. As in traditional smoke-related COPD, the assessment of the severity and disease progression of lung disease in AATD is conventionally based on lung function; however, pulmonary function tests are unable to discriminate between emphysema and airways disease, the two hallmark pathologic features of COPD. CT imaging has been used as a tool to further characterize lung structure and evaluate therapeutic interventions in AATD-related COPD. Moreover, recent advances in quantitative CT have significantly improved our assessment of the lung architecture, which has provided investigators and clinicians with a more detailed evaluation of the extent and severity of emphysema and airways disease in AATD. In addition, serial CT imaging measures are becoming increasingly important, as they provide a tool to monitor emphysema progression. This review describes the principles of CT technology and the role of CT imaging in assessing pulmonary disease progression in AATD, including the effect of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Campos
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL.
| | - Alejandro A Diaz
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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12
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Woodruff PG, van den Berge M, Boucher RC, Brightling C, Burchard EG, Christenson SA, Han MK, Holtzman MJ, Kraft M, Lynch DA, Martinez FD, Reddel HK, Sin DD, Washko GR, Wenzel SE, Punturieri A, Freemer MM, Wise RA. American Thoracic Society/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Asthma-Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Overlap Workshop Report. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017. [PMID: 28636425 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201705-0973ws] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are highly prevalent chronic obstructive lung diseases with an associated high burden of disease. Asthma, which is often allergic in origin, frequently begins in infancy or childhood with variable airflow obstruction and intermittent wheezing, cough, and dyspnea. Patients with COPD, in contrast, are usually current or former smokers who present after the age of 40 years with symptoms (often persistent) including dyspnea and a productive cough. On the basis of age and smoking history, it is often easy to distinguish between asthma and COPD. However, some patients have features compatible with both diseases. Because clinical studies typically exclude these patients, their underlying disease mechanisms and appropriate treatment remain largely uncertain. To explore the status of and opportunities for research in this area, the NHLBI, in partnership with the American Thoracic Society, convened a workshop of investigators in San Francisco, California on May 14, 2016. At the workshop, current understanding of asthma-COPD overlap was discussed among clinicians, pathologists, radiologists, epidemiologists, and investigators with expertise in asthma and COPD. They considered knowledge gaps in our understanding of asthma-COPD overlap and identified strategies and research priorities that will advance its understanding. This report summarizes those discussions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prescott G Woodruff
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Maarten van den Berge
- 2 Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Richard C Boucher
- 3 Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | - Esteban G Burchard
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Stephanie A Christenson
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - MeiLan K Han
- 5 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Michael J Holtzman
- 6 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - David A Lynch
- 8 Division of Oncology, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Fernando D Martinez
- 9 Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Helen K Reddel
- 10 Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Don D Sin
- 11 Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - George R Washko
- 12 Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sally E Wenzel
- 13 Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Antonello Punturieri
- 14 Division of Lung Diseases, NHLBI/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and
| | - Michelle M Freemer
- 14 Division of Lung Diseases, NHLBI/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and
| | - Robert A Wise
- 15 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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13
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Kyoyama H, Hirata Y, Kikuchi S, Sakai K, Saito Y, Mikami S, Moriyama G, Yanagita H, Watanabe W, Otani K, Honda N, Uematsu K. Evaluation of pulmonary function using single-breath-hold dual-energy computed tomography with xenon: Results of a preliminary study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e5937. [PMID: 28099359 PMCID: PMC5279104 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000005937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Xenon-enhanced dual-energy computed tomography (xenon-enhanced CT) can provide lung ventilation maps that may be useful for assessing structural and functional abnormalities of the lung. Xenon-enhanced CT has been performed using a multiple-breath-hold technique during xenon washout. We recently developed xenon-enhanced CT using a single-breath-hold technique to assess ventilation. We sought to evaluate whether xenon-enhanced CT using a single-breath-hold technique correlates with pulmonary function testing (PFT) results.Twenty-six patients, including 11 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, underwent xenon-enhanced CT and PFT. Three of the COPD patients underwent xenon-enhanced CT before and after bronchodilator treatment. Images from xenon-CT were obtained by dual-source CT during a breath-hold after a single vital-capacity inspiration of a xenon-oxygen gas mixture. Image postprocessing by 3-material decomposition generated conventional CT and xenon-enhanced images.Low-attenuation areas on xenon images matched low-attenuation areas on conventional CT in 21 cases but matched normal-attenuation areas in 5 cases. Volumes of Hounsfield unit (HU) histograms of xenon images correlated moderately and highly with vital capacity (VC) and total lung capacity (TLC), respectively (r = 0.68 and 0.85). Means and modes of histograms weakly correlated with VC (r = 0.39 and 0.38), moderately with forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) (r = 0.59 and 0.56), weakly with the ratio of FEV1 to FVC (r = 0.46 and 0.42), and moderately with the ratio of FEV1 to its predicted value (r = 0.64 and 0.60). Mode and volume of histograms increased in 2 COPD patients after the improvement of FEV1 with bronchodilators. Inhalation of xenon gas caused no adverse effects.Xenon-enhanced CT using a single-breath-hold technique depicted functional abnormalities not detectable on thin-slice CT. Mode, mean, and volume of HU histograms of xenon images reflected pulmonary function. Xenon images obtained with xenon-enhanced CT using a single-breath-hold technique can qualitatively depict pulmonary ventilation. A larger study comprising only COPD patients should be conducted, as xenon-enhanced CT is expected to be a promising technique for the management of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hisami Yanagita
- Department of Radiology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama
| | - Wataru Watanabe
- Department of Radiology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama
| | - Katharina Otani
- Research and Collaborations Department, Siemens Healthcare KK, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norinari Honda
- Department of Radiology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama
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14
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Min H, Xu F, Gu R, Han X, Wang A, Liu K. Potential diagnostic role of diffusion tensor imaging in early-stage osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:3347-3352. [PMID: 27882161 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the potential diagnostic role of diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DTI) in the early stage of modified corticosteroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). A total of 20 beagles were randomly classified (1:1) into either an experimental group (LM), which were intramuscularly injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and methylprednisolone (MPS) on three consecutive days, or control (CON) group, which were injected with saline. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and DTI were performed at pre-induction and 8 and 12 weeks post-induction. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in the range of interest in the femoral head were quantified using DTI. Proximal femora were examined for ONFH at 8 and 12 weeks. The results demonstrated that ONFH developed in four beagles at 8 weeks and in six beagles at 12 weeks, whereas no ONFH was detected in the CON group. No abnormalities were detected by MRI and DTI, and no mortality occurred. In beagles with ONFH in the LM group, the ADC values were 4.7±0.2×10-4 and 4.8±0.3×10-4 mm2/sec at 8 and 12 weeks, respectively, which were significantly increased compared with the CON group (2.5±0.3×10-4 and 2.4±0.3×10-4 mm2, respectively) and the LM group without ONFH (2.6±0.4×10-4 and 2.4±0.3×10-4 mm2, respectively) (P<0.05). The results of the present study indicated that intramuscular injection of LPS and MPS may lead to early-stage ONFH in beagles. As such, the detection of locally elevated ADC values in the femoral head may aid in the early diagnosis of ONFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Min
- Department of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100068, P.R. China; Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Bo'ai Hospital, Beijing 100068, P.R. China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100068, P.R. China; Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Bo'ai Hospital, Beijing 100068, P.R. China
| | - Rui Gu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100068, P.R. China; Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Bo'ai Hospital, Beijing 100068, P.R. China
| | - Xinzuo Han
- Department of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100068, P.R. China; Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Bo'ai Hospital, Beijing 100068, P.R. China
| | - Anqing Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100068, P.R. China; Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Bo'ai Hospital, Beijing 100068, P.R. China
| | - Kemin Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100068, P.R. China; Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Bo'ai Hospital, Beijing 100068, P.R. China
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15
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Balbinot F, da Costa Batista Guedes Á, Nascimento DZ, Zampieri JF, Alves GRT, Marchiori E, Rubin AS, Hochhegger B. Advances in Imaging and Automated Quantification of Pulmonary Diseases in Non-neoplastic Diseases. Lung 2016; 194:871-879. [PMID: 27663257 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-016-9940-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Histological examination has always been the gold standard for the detection and quantification of lung remodeling. However, this method has some limitations regarding the invasiveness of tissue acquisition. Quantitative imaging methods enable the acquisition of valuable information on lung structure and function without the removal of tissue from the body; thus, they are useful for disease identification and follow-up. This article reviews the various quantitative imaging modalities used currently for the non-invasive study of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and interstitial lung diseases. Some promising computer-aided diagnosis methods are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Balbinot
- Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil. .,, Rua Coronel Vicente, 451, Centro, Porto Alegre, RS, 90030041, Brazil. .,Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, LABIMED - Laboratório de Pesquisas em Imagens Médicas, Rua Prof. Annes Dias, 28, Centro, Porto Alegre, RS, 90020090, Brazil.
| | - Álvaro da Costa Batista Guedes
- Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, LABIMED - Laboratório de Pesquisas em Imagens Médicas, Rua Prof. Annes Dias, 28, Centro, Porto Alegre, RS, 90020090, Brazil
| | - Douglas Zaione Nascimento
- Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, LABIMED - Laboratório de Pesquisas em Imagens Médicas, Rua Prof. Annes Dias, 28, Centro, Porto Alegre, RS, 90020090, Brazil
| | - Juliana Fischman Zampieri
- Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, LABIMED - Laboratório de Pesquisas em Imagens Médicas, Rua Prof. Annes Dias, 28, Centro, Porto Alegre, RS, 90020090, Brazil
| | | | - Edson Marchiori
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua Thomaz Cameron, 43, Valparaíso, Petrópolis, RJ, 25685120, Brazil
| | - Adalberto Sperb Rubin
- Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, LABIMED - Laboratório de Pesquisas em Imagens Médicas, Rua Prof. Annes Dias, 28, Centro, Porto Alegre, RS, 90020090, Brazil
| | - Bruno Hochhegger
- Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, LABIMED - Laboratório de Pesquisas em Imagens Médicas, Rua Prof. Annes Dias, 28, Centro, Porto Alegre, RS, 90020090, Brazil
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16
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Structural-functional lung imaging using a combined CT-EIT and a Discrete Cosine Transformation reconstruction method. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25951. [PMID: 27181695 PMCID: PMC4867600 DOI: 10.1038/srep25951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung EIT is a functional imaging method that utilizes electrical currents to reconstruct images of conductivity changes inside the thorax. This technique is radiation free and applicable at the bedside, but lacks of spatial resolution compared to morphological imaging methods such as X-ray computed tomography (CT). In this article we describe an approach for EIT image reconstruction using morphologic information obtained from other structural imaging modalities. This leads to recon- structed images of lung ventilation that can easily be superimposed with structural CT or MRI images, which facilitates image interpretation. The approach is based on a Discrete Cosine Transformation (DCT) of an image of the considered transversal thorax slice. The use of DCT enables reduction of the dimensionality of the reconstruction and ensures that only conductivity changes of the lungs are reconstructed and displayed. The DCT based approach is well suited to fuse morphological image information with functional lung imaging at low computational costs. Results on simulated data indicate that this approach preserves the morphological structures of the lungs and avoids blurring of the solution. Images from patient measurements reveal the capabilities of the method and demonstrate benefits in possible applications.
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17
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Zurek M, Sladen L, Johansson E, Olsson M, Jackson S, Zhang H, Mayer G, Hockings PD. Assessing the Relationship between Lung Density and Function with Oxygen-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging in a Mouse Model of Emphysema. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151211. [PMID: 26977928 PMCID: PMC4792441 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose A magnetic resonance imaging method is presented that allows for the simultaneous assessment of oxygen delivery, oxygen uptake, and parenchymal density. The technique is applied to a mouse model of porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) induced lung emphysema in order to investigate how structural changes affect lung function. Method Nine-week-old female C57BL6 mice were instilled with saline or PPE at days 0 and 7. At day 19, oxygen delivery, oxygen uptake, and lung density were quantified from T1 and proton-density measurements obtained via oxygen-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (OE-MRI) using an ultrashort echo-time imaging sequence. Subsequently, the lungs were sectioned for histological observation. Blood-gas analyses and pulmonary functional tests via FlexiVent were performed in separate cohorts. Principal Findings PPE-challenged mice had reduced density when assessed via MRI, consistent with the parenchyma loss observed in the histology sections, and an increased lung compliance was detected via FlexiVent. The oxygenation levels, as assessed via the blood-gas analysis, showed no difference between PPE-challenged animals and control. This finding was mirrored in the global MRI assessments of oxygen delivery and uptake, where the changes in relaxation time indices were matched between the groups. The heterogeneity of the same parameters however, were increased in PPE-challenged animals. When the oxygenation status was investigated in regions of varying density, a reduced oxygen-uptake was found in low-density regions of PPE-challenged mice. In high-density regions the uptake was higher than that of regions of corresponding density in control animals. The oxygen delivery was proportional to the oxygen uptake in both groups. Conclusions The proposed method allowed for the regional assessment of the relationship between lung density and two aspects of lung function, the oxygen delivery and uptake. When compared to global indices of lung function, an increased sensitivity for detecting heterogeneous lung disorders was found. This indicated that the technique has potential for early detection of lung dysfunction–before global changes occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Zurek
- Personalised Healthcare and Biomarkers, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Louise Sladen
- Respiratory, Inflammation & Autoimmunity, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Edvin Johansson
- Personalised Healthcare and Biomarkers, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marita Olsson
- Discovery Sciences, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sonya Jackson
- Respiratory, Inflammation & Autoimmunity, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hui Zhang
- Drug Safety and Metabolism, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gaell Mayer
- Respiratory, Inflammation & Autoimmunity, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Paul D. Hockings
- Personalised Healthcare and Biomarkers, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
- MedTech West, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Hoffman EA, Lynch DA, Barr RG, van Beek EJR, Parraga G. Pulmonary CT and MRI phenotypes that help explain chronic pulmonary obstruction disease pathophysiology and outcomes. J Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 43:544-57. [PMID: 26199216 PMCID: PMC5207206 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary x-ray computed tomographic (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) research and development has been motivated, in part, by the quest to subphenotype common chronic lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). For thoracic CT and MRI, the main COPD research tools, disease biomarkers are being validated that go beyond anatomy and structure to include pulmonary functional measurements such as regional ventilation, perfusion, and inflammation. In addition, there has also been a drive to improve spatial and contrast resolution while at the same time reducing or eliminating radiation exposure. Therefore, this review focuses on our evolving understanding of patient-relevant and clinically important COPD endpoints and how current and emerging MRI and CT tools and measurements may be exploited for their identification, quantification, and utilization. Since reviews of the imaging physics of pulmonary CT and MRI and reviews of other COPD imaging methods were previously published and well-summarized, we focus on the current clinical challenges in COPD and the potential of newly emerging MR and CT imaging measurements to address them. Here we summarize MRI and CT imaging methods and their clinical translation for generating reproducible and sensitive measurements of COPD related to pulmonary ventilation and perfusion as well as parenchyma morphology. The key clinical problems in COPD provide an important framework in which pulmonary imaging needs to rapidly move in order to address the staggering burden, costs, as well as the mortality and morbidity associated with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Hoffman
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - David A Lynch
- Department of Radiology, National Jewish Health Center, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - R Graham Barr
- Division of General Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Edwin J R van Beek
- Clinical Research Imaging Centre, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Grace Parraga
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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