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Doostmohammadi A, Jooya H, Ghorbanian K, Gohari S, Dadashpour M. Potentials and future perspectives of multi-target drugs in cancer treatment: the next generation anti-cancer agents. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:228. [PMID: 38622735 PMCID: PMC11020265 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01607-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major public health problem worldwide with more than an estimated 19.3 million new cases in 2020. The occurrence rises dramatically with age, and the overall risk accumulation is combined with the tendency for cellular repair mechanisms to be less effective in older individuals. Conventional cancer treatments, such as radiotherapy, surgery, and chemotherapy, have been used for decades to combat cancer. However, the emergence of novel fields of cancer research has led to the exploration of innovative treatment approaches focused on immunotherapy, epigenetic therapy, targeted therapy, multi-omics, and also multi-target therapy. The hypothesis was based on that drugs designed to act against individual targets cannot usually battle multigenic diseases like cancer. Multi-target therapies, either in combination or sequential order, have been recommended to combat acquired and intrinsic resistance to anti-cancer treatments. Several studies focused on multi-targeting treatments due to their advantages include; overcoming clonal heterogeneity, lower risk of multi-drug resistance (MDR), decreased drug toxicity, and thereby lower side effects. In this study, we'll discuss about multi-target drugs, their benefits in improving cancer treatments, and recent advances in the field of multi-targeted drugs. Also, we will study the research that performed clinical trials using multi-target therapeutic agents for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Doostmohammadi
- Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Hossein Jooya
- Biochemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Kimia Ghorbanian
- Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Sargol Gohari
- Department of Biology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Dadashpour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
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Chiu CH, Lin MC, Wei YF, Chang GC, Su WC, Hsia TC, Su J, Wang AKF, Jen MH, Puri T, Shih JY. Efficacy and Tolerability of Ramucirumab Plus Erlotinib in Taiwanese Patients with Untreated, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Mutated, Stage IV Non-small Cell Lung Cancer in the RELAY Study. Target Oncol 2023:10.1007/s11523-023-00975-5. [PMID: 37329423 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-023-00975-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In RELAY, a randomized, double-blind, phase III trial investigating the efficacy and safety of ramucirumab+erlotinib (RAM+ERL) or ERL+placebo (PBO) in patients with untreated, stage IV, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), RAM+ERL demonstrated superior progression-free survival (PFS) versus PBO+ERL, with no new safety signals. OBJECTIVE The aim of this paper was to report efficacy and tolerability findings for the Taiwanese participants of RELAY. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients were randomized 1:1 to RAM+ERL or ERL+PBO. Primary endpoint was investigator-assessed PFS. Secondary endpoints included objective response rate (ORR), duration of response (DoR) and tolerability. Data for the current analysis are reported descriptively. RESULTS In RELAY, 56 Taiwanese patients were enrolled; 26 received RAM+ERL, 30 received ERL+PBO. The demographic profile of the Taiwanese subgroup was consistent with that of the overall RELAY population. Median PFS for RAM+ERL/ERL+PBO, respectively, was 22.05 months/13.40 months (unstratified hazard ratio 0.4; 95% confidence interval 0.2-0.9); ORR was 92%/60%; median DoR was 18.2 months/12.7 months. All patients experienced one or more treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs); those most commonly reported were diarrhea and dermatitis acneiform (58% each) for RAM+ERL and diarrhea (70%) and paronychia (63%) for PBO+ERL. Grade ≥ 3 TEAEs were experienced by 62%/30% of RAM+ERL/PBO+ERL patients, respectively, and included dermatitis acneiform (19%/7%), hypertension (12%/7%), and pneumonia (12%/0%). CONCLUSIONS PFS for the Taiwanese participants of RELAY receiving RAM+ERL versus ERL+PBO was consistent with that in the overall RELAY population. These results, together with no new safety signals and a manageable safety profile, may support first-line use of RAM+ERL in Taiwanese patients with untreated EGFR-mutant stage IV NSCLC. TRIAL REGISTRATION www. CLINICALTRIALS gov , NCT02411448.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Hua Chiu
- Taipei Medical University Hospital and Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chih Lin
- Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | | | - Gee-Chen Chang
- School of Medicine, and Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chou Su
- National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Te-Chun Hsia
- China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Jian Su
- Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | - Jin-Yuan Shih
- National Taiwan University Hospital, No.1, Changde Street, Taipei City, 100229, Taiwan.
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Samarth N, Gulhane P, Singh S. Immunoregulatory framework and the role of miRNA in the pathogenesis of NSCLC - A systematic review. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1089320. [PMID: 36620544 PMCID: PMC9811680 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1089320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
With a 5-year survival rate of only 15%, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the most common kind of lung carcinoma and the cause of millions of deaths annually, has drawn attention. Numerous variables, such as disrupted signaling caused by somatic mutations in the EGFR-mediated RAS/RAF/MAPK, PI3K/AKT, JAK/STAT signaling cascade, supports tumour survival in one way or another. Here, the tumour microenvironment significantly contributes to the development of cancer by thwarting the immune response. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical regulators of gene expression that can function as oncogenes or oncosuppressors. They have a major influence on the occurrence and prognosis of NSCLC. Though, a myriad number of therapies are available and many are being clinically tested, still the drug resistance, its adverse effect and toxicity leading towards fatality cannot be ruled out. In this review, we tried to ascertain the missing links in between perturbed EGFR signaling, miRNAs favouring tumorigenesis and the autophagy mechanism. While connecting all the aforementioned points multiple associations were set, which can be targeted in order to combat NSCLC. Here, we tried illuminating designing synthetically engineered circuits with the toggle switches that might lay a prototype for better therapeutic paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shailza Singh
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Ganeshkhind, SP Pune University Campus, Pune, India
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Zou HX, Zhang YF, Zhong DF, Jiang Y, Liu F, Zhao QY, Zuo Z, Zhang YF, Yan XY. Effect of autoinduction and food on the pharmacokinetics of furmonertinib and its active metabolite characterized by a population pharmacokinetic model. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:1865-1874. [PMID: 34789919 PMCID: PMC9252999 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00798-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Furmonertinib (AST2818) is a novel third-generation irreversible EGFR TKI and recently has been approved in China for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with EGFR-sensitizing and T790M resistance mutations. In the current study, we developed a semi-mechanistic population pharmacokinetic model to characterize the nonstationary pharmacokinetics (PK) of the furmonertinib and its active metabolite AST5902 simultaneously. The PK data of furmonertinib and AST5902 were obtained from 38 NSCLC patients and 16 healthy volunteers receiving 20-240 mg furmonertinib in three clinical trials. A nonlinear mixed-effects modeling approach was used to describe the PK data. The absorption process of furmonertinib was described by a transit compartment model. The disposition of both furmonertinib and AST5902 was described by a two-compartment model. An indirect response model accounted for the autoinduction of furmonertinib metabolism mediated by CYP3A4. The model-based simulation suggested that furmonertinib clearance was increased in one cycle of treatment (orally once daily for 21 days) compared to baseline, ranging from 1.1 to 1.8 fold corresponding to the dose range of 20-240 mg. The concentration of furmonertinib was decreased over time whereas that of AST5902 was increased. Interestingly, the concentration of the total active compounds (furmonertinib and AST5902) appeared to be stable. The food intake, serum alkaline phosphatase and body weight were identified as statistically significant covariates. The mechanism of food effect on PK was investigated, where the food intake might increase the bioavailability of furmonertinib via increasing the splanchnic blood flow. Overall, a population PK model was successfully developed to characterize the nonstationary PK of furmonertinib and AST5902 simultaneously. The concentrations of total active compounds were less affected by the autoinduction of furmonertinib metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-xi Zou
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu-feng Zhang
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Da-fang Zhong
- grid.419093.60000 0004 0619 8396State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Shanghai Allist Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Fei Liu
- Shanghai Allist Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Qian-yu Zhao
- Shanghai Allist Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Zhong Zuo
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi-fan Zhang
- grid.419093.60000 0004 0619 8396State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Xiao-yu Yan
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Lee JY, Yang H, Kim D, Kyaw KZ, Hu R, Fan Y, Lee SK. Antiproliferative Activity of a New Quinazolin-4(3H)-One Derivative via Targeting Aurora Kinase A in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060698. [PMID: 35745617 PMCID: PMC9228987 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common lung cancer subtype. Although chemotherapy and targeted therapy are used for the treatment of patients with NSCLC, the survival rate remains very low. Recent findings suggested that aurora kinase A (AKA), a cell cycle regulator, is a potential target for NSCLC therapy. Previously, we reported that a chemical entity of quinazolin-4(3H)-one represents a new template for AKA inhibitors, with antiproliferative activity against cancer cells. A quinazolin-4(3H)-one derivative was further designed and synthesized in order to improve the pharmacokinetic properties and antiproliferation activity against NSCLC cell lines. The derivative, BIQO-19 (Ethyl 6-(4-oxo-3-(pyrimidin-2-ylmethyl)-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-6-yl)imidazo [1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxylate), exhibited improved solubility and antiproliferative activity in NSCLC cells, including epidermal growth factor receptor–tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI)-resistant NSCLC cells. BIQO-19 effectively inhibited the growth of the EGFR-TKI-resistant H1975 NSCLC cells, with the suppression of activated AKA (p-AKA) expression in these cells. The inhibition of AKA by BIQO-19 significantly induced G2/M phase arrest and subsequently evoked apoptosis in H1975 cells. In addition, the combination of gefitinib and BIQO-19 exhibited synergistic antiproliferative activity in NSCLC cells. These findings suggest the potential of BIQO-19 as a novel therapeutic agent for restoring the sensitivity of gefitinib in EGFR-TKI-resistant NSCLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yun Lee
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.Y.L.); (D.K.); (K.Z.K.); (R.H.)
| | - Huarong Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, China;
| | - Donghwa Kim
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.Y.L.); (D.K.); (K.Z.K.); (R.H.)
| | - Kay Zin Kyaw
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.Y.L.); (D.K.); (K.Z.K.); (R.H.)
| | - Ruoci Hu
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.Y.L.); (D.K.); (K.Z.K.); (R.H.)
| | - Yanhua Fan
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, China;
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China
- Correspondence: (Y.F.); (S.K.L.); Tel.: +82-2-880-2475 (S.K.L.)
| | - Sang Kook Lee
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.Y.L.); (D.K.); (K.Z.K.); (R.H.)
- Correspondence: (Y.F.); (S.K.L.); Tel.: +82-2-880-2475 (S.K.L.)
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Martin-Fernandez ML. Fluorescence Imaging of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Resistance in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030686. [PMID: 35158954 PMCID: PMC8833717 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, with a low (<21%) 5-year survival rate. Lung cancer is often driven by the misfunction of molecules on the surface of cells of the epithelium, which orchestrate mechanisms by which these cells grow and proliferate. Beyond common non-specific treatments, such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy, among molecular-specific treatments, a number of small-molecule drugs that block cancer-driven molecular activity have been developed. These drugs initially have significant success in a subset of patients, but these patients systematically develop resistance within approximately one year of therapy. Substantial efforts towards understanding the mechanisms of resistance have focused on the genomics of cancer progression, the response of cells to the drugs, and the cellular changes that allow resistance to develop. Fluorescence microscopy of many flavours has significantly contributed to the last two areas, and is the subject of this review. Abstract Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a complex disease often driven by activating mutations or amplification of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene, which expresses a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase. Targeted anti-EGFR treatments include small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), among which gefitinib and erlotinib are the best studied, and their function more often imaged. TKIs block EGFR activation, inducing apoptosis in cancer cells addicted to EGFR signals. It is not understood why TKIs do not work in tumours driven by EGFR overexpression but do so in tumours bearing classical activating EGFR mutations, although the latter develop resistance in about one year. Fluorescence imaging played a crucial part in research efforts to understand pro-survival mechanisms, including the dysregulation of autophagy and endocytosis, by which cells overcome the intendedly lethal TKI-induced EGFR signalling block. At their core, pro-survival mechanisms are facilitated by TKI-induced changes in the function and conformation of EGFR and its interactors. This review brings together some of the main advances from fluorescence imaging in investigating TKI function and places them in the broader context of the TKI resistance field, highlighting some paradoxes and suggesting some areas where super-resolution and other emerging methods could make a further contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa L Martin-Fernandez
- Central Laser Facility, Science & Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0FA, UK
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7
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Targeting Estrogens and Various Estrogen-Related Receptors against Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers: A Perspective. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010080. [PMID: 35008242 PMCID: PMC8750572 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) account for ~85% of lung cancer cases worldwide. Mammalian lungs are exposed to both endogenous and exogenous estrogens. The expression of estrogen receptors (ERs) in lung cancer cells has evoked the necessity to evaluate the role of estrogens in the disease progression. Estrogens, specifically 17β-estradiol, promote maturation of several tissue types including lungs. Recent epidemiologic data indicate that women have a higher risk of lung adenocarcinoma, a type of NSCLC, when compared to men, independent of smoking status. Besides ERs, pulmonary tissues both in healthy physiology and in NSCLCs also express G-protein-coupled ERs (GPERs), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFRs), estrogen-related receptors (ERRs) and orphan nuclear receptors. Premenopausal females between the ages of 15 and 50 years synthesize a large contingent of estrogens and are at a greater risk of developing NSCLCs. Estrogen-ER/GPER/EGFR/ERR-mediated activation of various cell signaling molecules regulates NSCLC cell proliferation, survival and apoptosis. This article sheds light on the most recent achievements in the elucidation of sequential biochemical events in estrogen-activated cell signaling pathways involved in NSCLC severity with insight into the mechanism of regulation by ERs/GPERs/EGFRs/ERRs. It further discusses the success of anti-estrogen therapies against NSCLCs.
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Hameduh T, Mokry M, Miller AD, Adam V, Heger Z, Haddad Y. A rotamer relay information system in the epidermal growth factor receptor-drug complexes reveals clues to new paradigm in protein conformational change. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:5443-5454. [PMID: 34667537 PMCID: PMC8511715 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells can escape the effects of chemotherapy through mutations and upregulation of a tyrosine kinase protein called the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). In the past two decades, four generations of tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting EGFR have been developed. Using comparative structure analysis of 116 EGFR-drug complex crystal structures, cluster analysis produces two clans of 73 and 43 structures, respectively. The first clan of 73 structures is larger and is comprised mostly of the C-helix-IN conformation while the second clan of 43 structures correlates with the C-helix-OUT conformation. A deep rotamer analysis identifies 43 residues (18%) of the total of 237 residues spanning the kinase structures under investigation with significant rotamer variations between the C-helix-IN and C-helix-OUT clans. The locations of these rotamer variations take on the appearance of side chain conformational relays extending out from points of EGFR mutation to different regions of the EGFR kinase. Accordingly, we propose that key EGFR mutations act singly or together to induce drug resistant conformational changes in EGFR that are communicated via these side chain conformational relays. Accordingly, these side chain conformational relays appear to play a significant role in the development of tumour resistance. This phenomenon also suggests a new paradigm in protein conformational change that is mediated by supportive relays of rotamers on the protein surface, rather than through conventional backbone movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tareq Hameduh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Mokry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 656/123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Andrew D. Miller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, CZ-62100 Brno, Czech Republic
- KP Therapeutics (Europe) s.r.o., Purkyňova 649/127, Brno CZ-61200, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 656/123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Heger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 656/123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Yazan Haddad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 656/123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Mechanistic Insights of Anti-Immune Evasion by Nobiletin through Regulating miR-197/STAT3/PD-L1 Signaling in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189843. [PMID: 34576006 PMCID: PMC8468939 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor immune escape is a common process in the tumorigenesis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells where programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression, playing a vital role in immunosuppression activity. Additionally, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) phosphorylation activates Janus kinase-2 (JAK2) and signal transduction, thus activating transcription 3 (STAT3) to results in the regulation of PD-L1 expression. Chemotherapy with commercially available drugs against NSCLC has struggled in the prospect of adverse effects. Nobiletin is a natural flavonoid isolated from the citrus peel that exhibits anti-cancer activity. Here, we demonstrated the role of nobiletin in evasion of immunosuppression in NSCLC cells by Western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction methods for molecular signaling analysis supported by gene silencing and specific inhibitors. From the results, we found that nobiletin inhibited PD-L1 expression through EGFR/JAK2/STAT3 signaling. We also demonstrated that nobiletin exhibited p53-independent PD-L1 suppression, and that miR-197 regulates the expression of STAT3 and PD-L1, thereby enhancing anti-tumor immunity. Further, we evaluated the combination ability of nobiletin with an anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody in NSCLC co-culture with peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Similarly, we found that nobiletin assisted the induction of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade, which is a key factor for the immune escape mechanism. Altogether, we propose nobiletin as a modulator of tumor microenvironment for cancer immunotherapy.
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Rattanaburee T, Tanawattanasuntorn T, Thongpanchang T, Tipmanee V, Graidist P. Trans-(-)-Kusunokinin: A Potential Anticancer Lignan Compound against HER2 in Breast Cancer Cell Lines? Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154537. [PMID: 34361688 PMCID: PMC8348432 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Trans-(−)-kusunokinin, an anticancer compound, binds CSF1R with low affinity in breast cancer cells. Therefore, finding an additional possible target of trans-(−)-kusunokinin remains of importance for further development. Here, a computational study was completed followed by indirect proof of specific target proteins using small interfering RNA (siRNA). Ten proteins in breast cancer were selected for molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. A preferred active form in racemic trans-(±)-kusunokinin was trans-(−)-kusunokinin, which had stronger binding energy on HER2 trans-(+)-kusunokinin; however, it was weaker than the designed HER inhibitors (03Q and neratinib). Predictively, trans-(−)-kusunokinin bound HER2 similarly to a reversible HER2 inhibitor. We then verified the action of (±)-kusunokinin compared with neratinibon breast cancer cells (MCF-7). (±)-Kusunokinin exhibited less cytotoxicity on normal L-929 and MCF-7 than neratinib. (±)-Kusunokinin and neratinib had stronger inhibited cell proliferation than siRNA-HER2. Moreover, (±)-kusunokinin decreased Ras, ERK, CyclinB1, CyclinD and CDK1. Meanwhile, neratinib downregulated HER, MEK1, ERK, c-Myc, CyclinB1, CyclinD and CDK1. Knocking down HER2 downregulated only HER2. siRNA-HER2 combination with (±)-kusunokinin suppressed HER2, c-Myc, CyclinB1, CyclinD and CDK1. On the other hand, siRNA-HER2 combination with neratinib increased HER2, MEK1, ERK, c-Myc, CyclinB1, CyclinD and CDK1 to normal levels. We conclude that trans-(±)-kusunokinin may bind HER2 with low affinity and had a different action from neratinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thidarath Rattanaburee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (T.R.); (T.T.)
| | - Tanotnon Tanawattanasuntorn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (T.R.); (T.T.)
| | - Tienthong Thongpanchang
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Varomyalin Tipmanee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (T.R.); (T.T.)
- Correspondence: (V.T.); (P.G.); Tel.: +66-74-45-1743 (V.T.); +66-74-45-1184 (P.G.)
| | - Potchanapond Graidist
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (T.R.); (T.T.)
- Correspondence: (V.T.); (P.G.); Tel.: +66-74-45-1743 (V.T.); +66-74-45-1184 (P.G.)
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Kong WY, Ngai SC, Goh BH, Lee LH, Htar TT, Chuah LH. Is Curcumin the Answer to Future Chemotherapy Cocktail? Molecules 2021; 26:4329. [PMID: 34299604 PMCID: PMC8303331 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The rise in cancer cases in recent years is an alarming situation worldwide. Despite the tremendous research and invention of new cancer therapies, the clinical outcomes are not always reassuring. Cancer cells could develop several evasive mechanisms for their survivability and render therapeutic failure. The continuous use of conventional cancer therapies leads to chemoresistance, and a higher dose of treatment results in even greater toxicities among cancer patients. Therefore, the search for an alternative treatment modality is crucial to break this viscous cycle. This paper explores the suitability of curcumin combination treatment with other cancer therapies to curb cancer growth. We provide a critical insight to the mechanisms of action of curcumin, its role in combination therapy in various cancers, along with the molecular targets involved. Curcumin combination treatments were found to enhance anticancer effects, mediated by the multitargeting of several signalling pathways by curcumin and the co-administered cancer therapies. The preclinical and clinical evidence in curcumin combination therapy is critically analysed, and the future research direction of curcumin combination therapy is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yang Kong
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih 43500, Selangor, Malaysia; (W.-Y.K.); (S.C.N.)
| | - Siew Ching Ngai
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih 43500, Selangor, Malaysia; (W.-Y.K.); (S.C.N.)
| | - Bey-Hing Goh
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia; (B.-H.G.); (T.-T.H.)
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery (NBDD) Research Group, Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Thet-Thet Htar
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia; (B.-H.G.); (T.-T.H.)
| | - Lay-Hong Chuah
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia; (B.-H.G.); (T.-T.H.)
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12
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Rodriguez-Lara V, Avila-Costa MR. An Overview of Lung Cancer in Women and the Impact of Estrogen in Lung Carcinogenesis and Lung Cancer Treatment. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:600121. [PMID: 34079807 PMCID: PMC8165182 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.600121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer incidence and mortality have significantly increased in women worldwide. Lung adenocarcinoma is the most common form of lung cancer globally. This type of lung cancer shows differences by sex, including the mutational burden, behavior, clinical characteristics, and response to treatment. The effect of sex on lung cancer patients' survival is still controversial; however, lung adenocarcinoma is considered a different disease in women and men. Moreover, lung adenocarcinoma is strongly influenced by estrogen and is also different depending on the hormonal status of the patient. Young pre-menopausal women have been explored as an independent group. They presented in more advanced stages at diagnosis, exhibited more aggressive tumors, and showed poor survival compared to men and post-menopausal women, supporting the role of sex hormones in this pathology. Several reports indicate the estrogen's role in lung carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Thus, there are currently some clinical trials testing the efficacy of antihormonal therapy in lung cancer treatment. This mini review shows the updated data about lung cancer in women, its characteristics, the etiological factors that influence carcinogenesis, and the critical role of estrogen in lung cancer and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vianey Rodriguez-Lara
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Maria Rosa Avila-Costa
- Neuromorphology Laboratory, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
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13
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Zhou YJ, Zheng W, Zeng QH, Ye Y, Wang C, Fang C, Liu CJ, Niu L, Wu LM. Targeted exome sequencing identifies mutational landscape in a cohort of 1500 Chinese patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Hum Genomics 2021; 15:21. [PMID: 33845897 PMCID: PMC8042687 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-021-00320-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is one of the most common human cancers, comprising approximately 80-85% of all lung carcinomas. An estimated incidence of NSCLC is approximately 2 million new cases per year worldwide. RESULTS In recent decade, the treatment of NSCLC has made breakthrough progress owing to a large number of targeted therapies which were approved for clinical use. Epidemiology, genetic susceptibility, and molecular profiles in patients are likely to play an important factor in response rates and survival benefits to these targeted treatments and thus warrant further investigation on ethnic differences in NSCLC. In this study, a total number of 1500 Chinese patient samples,1000 formalin fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) and 500 blood samples, from patients with NSCLC were analyzed by targeted sequencing to explore mutational landscape in ethnic groups associated with China. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the data presented here provide a comprehensive analysis of NSCLC mutational landscape in Chinese patients and findings are discussed in the context of similar studies on different ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jun Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Oncology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Qing-Hua Zeng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yang Ye
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jingdezhen First People's Hospital, Jingdezhen, 33300, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ce Wang
- CheerLand Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd., Building 15, Peking University Medical Industrial Park, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Cheng Fang
- Department of Oncology, The 334 Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330024, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chao-Jun Liu
- CheerLand Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd., Building 15, Peking University Medical Industrial Park, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Li Niu
- CheerLand Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd., Building 15, Peking University Medical Industrial Park, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Li-Ming Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.218, Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China.
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14
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Han CL, Chen XR, Lan A, Hsu YL, Wu PS, Hung PF, Hung CL, Pan SH. N-glycosylated GPNMB ligand independently activates mutated EGFR signaling and promotes metastasis in NSCLC. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:1911-1923. [PMID: 33706413 PMCID: PMC8088973 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer‐related death worldwide. As well as the identified role of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), its association with driver mutations has improved the therapeutics for patients with lung cancer harboring EGFR mutations. These patients usually display shorter overall survival and a higher tendency to develop distant metastasis compared with those carrying the wild‐type EGFR. Nevertheless, the way to control mutated EGFR signaling remains unclear. Here, we performed membrane proteomic analysis to determine potential components that may act with EGFR mutations to promote lung cancer malignancy. Expression of transmembrane glycoprotein non‐metastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) was positively correlated with the status of mutated EGFR in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This protein was not only overexpressed but also highly glycosylated in EGFR‐mutated, especially EGFR‐L858R mutated, NSCLC cells. Further examination showed that GPNMB could activate mutated EGFR without ligand stimulation and could bind to the C‐terminus of EGFR, assist phosphorylation at Y845, turn on downstream STAT3 signaling, and promote cancer metastasis. Moreover, we also found that Asn134 (N134) glycosylation of GPNMB played a crucial role in this ligand‐independent regulation. Depleting N134‐glycosylation on GPNMB could dramatically inhibit binding of GPNMB to mutated EGFR, blocking its downstream signaling, and ultimately inhibiting cancer metastasis in NSCLC. Clarifying the role of N‐glycosylated GPNMB in regulating the ligand‐independent activation of mutated EGFR may soon give new insight into the development of novel therapeutics for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Li Han
- Master Program in Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Xuan-Ren Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Albert Lan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ling Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Shan Wu
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Fang Hung
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Lieh Hung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Hua Pan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Doctoral Degree Program of Translational Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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15
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Shen Y, Li C, Zhou L, Huang JA. G protein-coupled oestrogen receptor promotes cell growth of non-small cell lung cancer cells via YAP1/QKI/circNOTCH1/m6A methylated NOTCH1 signalling. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 25:284-296. [PMID: 33237585 PMCID: PMC7810948 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Results from various studies reveal that the role of G protein‐coupled oestrogen receptor (GPER) is cancer‐context dependent, and the function of GPER in non–small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still unclear. The present study demonstrated that neoplasm lung tissues expressed higher level of GPER compared with the normal lung tissues. The clinical data also showed that GPER expression level was positively correlated with the tumour stage of NSCLC. Our experimental data confirmed that GPER played an oncogenic role to promote cell growth of NSCLC cells. Mechanistic dissection revealed that GPER could modulate the NOTCH1 pathway to regulate cell growth in NSCLC cells. Further exploration of the mechanism demonstrated that GPER could up‐regulate circNOTCH1, which could compete with NOTCH1 mRNA for METTL14 binding. Because of the lack of m6A modification by METTL14 on the NOTCH1 mRNA, NOTCH1 mRNA was more stable and much easier to undergo protein translation. Subsequently, we found that GPER could prevent YAP1 phosphorylation and promote YAP1‐TEAD's transcriptional regulation on QKI, a transacting RNA‐binding factor involved in circRNA biogenesis, to facilitate circNOTCH1 generation. Supportively, data from preclinical mice model with implantation of H1299 cells also demonstrated that knock‐down of circNOTCH1 could block GPER‐induced NOTCH1 to suppress NSCLC tumour growth. Together, our data showed that GPER could promote NSCLC cell growth via regulating the YAP1/QKI/circNOTCH1/m6A methylated NOTCH1 pathway, and targeting our identified molecules may be a potentially therapeutic approach to suppress NSCLC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Chong Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jian-An Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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16
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Mustachio LM, Roszik J. Current Targeted Therapies for the Fight against Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13110374. [PMID: 33182254 PMCID: PMC7695293 DOI: 10.3390/ph13110374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancers contribute to the greatest number of cancer-related deaths worldwide and still pose challenges in response to current treatment strategies. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for over 85% of lung cancers diagnosed in the United States and novel therapeutics are needed for the treatment of this disease. First and second generation targeted therapies against specific mutated or rearranged oncogenes in NSCLCs show anti-tumor activity and also increase survival. However, many NSCLC patients eventually develop resistance to these therapies or do not properly respond if they have central nervous system metastases. Thus, this review summarizes recent developments and findings related to the generation of novel targeted therapies recently or currently being developed to tackle hurdles that prior therapies were not able to overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Maria Mustachio
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: (L.M.M.); (J.R.); Tel.: +1-832-750-4367 (L.M.M.); +1-713-745-2641 (J.R.)
| | - Jason Roszik
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: (L.M.M.); (J.R.); Tel.: +1-832-750-4367 (L.M.M.); +1-713-745-2641 (J.R.)
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17
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Gaponova AV, Rodin S, Mazina AA, Volchkov PV. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition: Role in Cancer Progression and the Perspectives of Antitumor Treatment. Acta Naturae 2020; 12:4-23. [PMID: 33173593 PMCID: PMC7604894 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.11010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
About 90% of all malignant tumors are of epithelial nature. The epithelial tissue is characterized by a close interconnection between cells through cell-cell interactions, as well as a tight connection with the basement membrane, which is responsible for cell polarity. These interactions strictly determine the location of epithelial cells within the body and are seemingly in conflict with the metastatic potential that many cancers possess (the main criteria for highly malignant tumors). Tumor dissemination into vital organs is one of the primary causes of death in patients with cancer. Tumor dissemination is based on the so-called epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process when epithelial cells are transformed into mesenchymal cells possessing high mobility and migration potential. More and more studies elucidating the role of the EMT in metastasis and other aspects of tumor progression are published each year, thus forming a promising field of cancer research. In this review, we examine the most recent data on the intracellular and extracellular molecular mechanisms that activate EMT and the role they play in various aspects of tumor progression, such as metastasis, apoptotic resistance, and immune evasion, aspects that have usually been attributed exclusively to cancer stem cells (CSCs). In conclusion, we provide a detailed review of the approved and promising drugs for cancer therapy that target the components of the EMT signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. V. Gaponova
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701 Russia
| | - S. Rodin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 17177 Sweden
| | - A. A. Mazina
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701 Russia
| | - P. V. Volchkov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701 Russia
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18
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Raghav L, Chang YH, Hsu YC, Li YC, Chen CY, Yang TY, Chen KC, Hsu KH, Tseng JS, Chuang CY, Lee MH, Wang CL, Chen HW, Yu SL, Su SF, Yuan SS, Chen JJ, Ho SY, Li KC, Yang PC, Chang GC, Chen HY. Landscape of Mitochondria Genome and Clinical Outcomes in Stage 1 Lung Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E755. [PMID: 32210009 PMCID: PMC7140061 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Risk factors including genetic effects are still being investigated in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Mitochondria play an important role in controlling imperative cellular parameters, and anomalies in mitochondrial function might be crucial for cancer development. The mitochondrial genomic aberrations found in lung adenocarcinoma and their associations with cancer development and progression are not yet clearly characterized. Here, we identified a spectrum of mitochondrial genome mutations in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma and explored their association with prognosis and clinical outcomes. Next-generation sequencing was used to reveal the mitochondrial genomes of tumor and conditionally normal adjacent tissues from 61 Stage 1 LUADs. Mitochondrial somatic mutations and clinical outcomes including relapse-free survival (RFS) were analyzed. Patients with somatic mutations in the D-loop region had longer RFS (adjusted hazard ratio, adjHR = 0.18, p = 0.027), whereas somatic mutations in mitochondrial Complex IV and Complex V genes were associated with shorter RFS (adjHR = 3.69, p = 0.012, and adjHR = 6.63, p = 0.002, respectively). The risk scores derived from mitochondrial somatic mutations were predictive of RFS (adjHR = 9.10, 95%CI: 2.93-28.32, p < 0.001). Our findings demonstrated the vulnerability of the mitochondrial genome to mutations and the potential prediction ability of somatic mutations. This research may contribute to improving molecular guidance for patient treatment in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovely Raghav
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; (L.R.); (Y.-H.C.); (Y.-C.L.); (S.-S.Y.); (K.-C.L.)
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan;
- Bioinformatics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hsuan Chang
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; (L.R.); (Y.-H.C.); (Y.-C.L.); (S.-S.Y.); (K.-C.L.)
| | - Yi-Chiung Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Cheng Li
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; (L.R.); (Y.-H.C.); (Y.-C.L.); (S.-S.Y.); (K.-C.L.)
| | - Chih-Yi Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
| | - Tsung-Ying Yang
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan; (K.-C.C.); (K.-H.H.); (J.-S.T.)
| | - Kun-Chieh Chen
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan; (K.-C.C.); (K.-H.H.); (J.-S.T.)
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Kuo-Hsuan Hsu
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan; (K.-C.C.); (K.-H.H.); (J.-S.T.)
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Jeng-Sen Tseng
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan; (K.-C.C.); (K.-H.H.); (J.-S.T.)
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Yen Chuang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan;
| | - Mei-Hsuan Lee
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Liang Wang
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan 33305, Taiwan;
| | - Huei-Wen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
| | - Sung-Liang Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
| | - Sheng-Fang Su
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan;
| | - Shin-Sheng Yuan
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; (L.R.); (Y.-H.C.); (Y.-C.L.); (S.-S.Y.); (K.-C.L.)
| | - Jeremy J.W. Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Shinn-Ying Ho
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan;
| | - Ker-Chau Li
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; (L.R.); (Y.-H.C.); (Y.-C.L.); (S.-S.Y.); (K.-C.L.)
- Department of Statistics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1554, USA
| | - Pan-Chyr Yang
- Center of Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Gee-Chen Chang
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan; (K.-C.C.); (K.-H.H.); (J.-S.T.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40704, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Yu Chen
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; (L.R.); (Y.-H.C.); (Y.-C.L.); (S.-S.Y.); (K.-C.L.)
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Microbial Genomics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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19
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PLAG Exerts Anti-Metastatic Effects by Interfering with Neutrophil Elastase/PAR2/EGFR Signaling in A549 Lung Cancer Orthotopic Model. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030560. [PMID: 32121107 PMCID: PMC7139301 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of chemotherapy and radiotherapy to treat lung cancer is limited because of highly metastatic nature. Novel strategies and drugs to attenuate metastatic activity are urgently required. In this study, red fluorescence proteins (RFP)-labeled A549 human lung cancer cells were orthotopically implantation, where they developed primary tumors. Metastasis in brain and intestines were reduced by up to 80% by treatment with 100 mpk 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-acetyl-rac-glycerol (PLAG) compared with that in control mice. PLAG treatment also reduced the migration of the primary tumors. Interestingly, substantial neutrophil infiltration was observed in the tumors in control mice. The neutrophil contribution to A549 cell metastatic activity was examined in in vitro co-culture system. Metastatic activity could be achieved in the A549 cells through epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) transactivation mediated by protease activating receptor 2 (PAR2) receptor. Neutrophil elastase secreted from tumor-infiltrating neutrophils stimulated PAR2 and induced EGFR transactivation. However, this transactivation was inhibited by inducing PAR2 degradation following PLAG treatment and metastatic activity was effectively inhibited. PLAG attenuated cancer metastatic activity via modulated PAR2/EGFR transactivation by accelerating PAR2 degradation. These results suggest PLAG as potential therapeutic agent to combat tumor metastasis via regulating the activation signal pathway of PAR2 by tumor infiltrate-neutrophils.
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20
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Lin SY, Chang Hsu Y, Peng YH, Ke YY, Lin WH, Sun HY, Shiao HY, Kuo FM, Chen PY, Lien TW, Chen CH, Chu CY, Wang SY, Yeh KC, Chen CP, Hsu TA, Wu SY, Yeh TK, Chen CT, Hsieh HP. Discovery of a Furanopyrimidine-Based Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitor (DBPR112) as a Clinical Candidate for the Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Med Chem 2019; 62:10108-10123. [PMID: 31560541 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted therapy in non-small cell lung cancer represents a breakthrough in the field of precision medicine. Previously, we have identified a lead compound, furanopyrimidine 2, which contains a (S)-2-phenylglycinol structure as a key fragment to inhibit EGFR. However, compound 2 showed high clearance and poor oral bioavailability in its pharmacokinetics studies. In this work, we optimized compound 2 by scaffold hopping and exploiting the potent inhibitory activity of various warhead groups to obtain a clinical candidate, 78 (DBPR112), which not only displayed a potent inhibitory activity against EGFRL858R/T790M double mutations but also exhibited tenfold potency better than the third-generation inhibitor, osimertinib, against EGFR and HER2 exon 20 insertion mutations. Overall, pharmacokinetic improvement through lead-to-candidate optimization yielded fourfold oral AUC better that afatinib along with F = 41.5%, an encouraging safety profile, and significant antitumor efficacy in in vivo xenograft models. DBPR112 is currently undergoing phase 1 clinical trial in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yu Lin
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research , National Health Research Institutes , 35 Keyan Road , Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053 , Taiwan , ROC
| | - Yung Chang Hsu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research , National Health Research Institutes , 35 Keyan Road , Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053 , Taiwan , ROC
| | - Yi-Hui Peng
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research , National Health Research Institutes , 35 Keyan Road , Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053 , Taiwan , ROC
| | - Yi-Yu Ke
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research , National Health Research Institutes , 35 Keyan Road , Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053 , Taiwan , ROC
| | - Wen-Hsing Lin
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research , National Health Research Institutes , 35 Keyan Road , Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053 , Taiwan , ROC
| | - Hsu-Yi Sun
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research , National Health Research Institutes , 35 Keyan Road , Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053 , Taiwan , ROC
| | - Hui-Yi Shiao
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research , National Health Research Institutes , 35 Keyan Road , Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053 , Taiwan , ROC
| | - Fu-Ming Kuo
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research , National Health Research Institutes , 35 Keyan Road , Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053 , Taiwan , ROC
| | - Pei-Yi Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research , National Health Research Institutes , 35 Keyan Road , Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053 , Taiwan , ROC
| | - Tzu-Wen Lien
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research , National Health Research Institutes , 35 Keyan Road , Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053 , Taiwan , ROC
| | - Chun-Hwa Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research , National Health Research Institutes , 35 Keyan Road , Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053 , Taiwan , ROC
| | - Chang-Ying Chu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research , National Health Research Institutes , 35 Keyan Road , Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053 , Taiwan , ROC
| | - Sing-Yi Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research , National Health Research Institutes , 35 Keyan Road , Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053 , Taiwan , ROC
| | - Kai-Chia Yeh
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research , National Health Research Institutes , 35 Keyan Road , Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053 , Taiwan , ROC
| | - Ching-Ping Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research , National Health Research Institutes , 35 Keyan Road , Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053 , Taiwan , ROC
| | - Tsu-An Hsu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research , National Health Research Institutes , 35 Keyan Road , Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053 , Taiwan , ROC
| | - Su-Ying Wu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research , National Health Research Institutes , 35 Keyan Road , Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053 , Taiwan , ROC
| | - Teng-Kuang Yeh
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research , National Health Research Institutes , 35 Keyan Road , Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053 , Taiwan , ROC
| | - Chiung-Tong Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research , National Health Research Institutes , 35 Keyan Road , Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053 , Taiwan , ROC
| | - Hsing-Pang Hsieh
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research , National Health Research Institutes , 35 Keyan Road , Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053 , Taiwan , ROC.,Department of Chemistry , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan , ROC
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21
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Govind KB, Koppaka D, Dasappa L, Jacob LA, C. Babu SM, Lokesh NK, Haleshappa RA, Rajeev LK, Saldanha SC, Abhishek A, Asati V, Chethan R, Ramprasad VL. Detection of clinically relevant epidermal growth factor receptor pathway mutations in circulating cell-free tumor DNA using next generation sequencing in squamous cell carcinoma lung. South Asian J Cancer 2019; 8:247-249. [PMID: 31807490 PMCID: PMC6852636 DOI: 10.4103/sajc.sajc_281_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited repertoires of targets are available in the management of squamous cell carcinoma lung. In this study, we analyzed epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), RAS, BRAF mutations in lung cancer patients of squamous cell histology using next-generation sequencing (NGS) on the circulating cell-free DNA (cf-DNA). MATERIALS AND METHODS In this prospective observational study, patients with squamous cell carcinoma lung, either newly diagnosed or having a progressive disease on prior therapy were eligible. Cf-DNA was extracted from peripheral blood and analyzed for EGFR, KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF mutations using NGS. RESULTS Sixteen patients were enrolled over a period of 1 month. The mean cf-DNA quantity extracted from the plasma was 96.5 ng (range, 15-200 ng). Eight clinically relevant mutations in the EGFR pathway were identified. These include Exon 21 mutations in 4 patients, Exon 20 mutation in onepatient, complex mutations with coexisting Exon 21 and Exon18 in one patient and KRAS Exon 2 mutations in two patients. CONCLUSION cf-DNA is a minimally invasive technique for detection of clinically relevant mutations in lung cancer patients. The use of novel advanced techniques such as NGS may help in detecting EGFR pathway mutations in patients with squamous cell carcinoma lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanakasetty Babu Govind
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Deepak Koppaka
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Lokanatha Dasappa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Linu Abraham Jacob
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Suresh M. C. Babu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - N. Kadabur Lokesh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - L. K. Rajeev
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Smitha Carol Saldanha
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Anand Abhishek
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Vikas Asati
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - R. Chethan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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22
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Hirashima T, Satouchi M, Hida T, Nishio M, Kato T, Sakai H, Imamura F, Kiura K, Okamoto I, Kasahara K, Uchida H, Vowler SL, Mitsudomi T. Osimertinib for Japanese patients with T790M-positive advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: A pooled subgroup analysis. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:2884-2893. [PMID: 31265163 PMCID: PMC6726692 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are the standard of care for non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients harboring EGFR mutations. However, almost all patients develop resistance after approximately 1 y of treatment, with >50% of cases due to the T790M secondary mutation of the EGFR gene. A large global Phase III study (AURA3) demonstrated that osimertinib significantly prolonged progression‐free survival (PFS) over platinum‐doublet chemotherapy in patients with T790M‐positive NSCLC who had progressed on previous EGFR‐TKI therapy. However, it is not clear whether efficacy or safety of osimertinib in Japanese patients is similar to the overall population. We report a pre‐planned subgroup analysis of pooled Phase II data from the AURA Extension and AURA2 trials to investigate the efficacy and safety of osimertinib in Japanese patients. This study included 81 Japanese patients. Patients were administered 80 mg osimertinib orally once daily until disease progression. The main endpoints were objective response rate (ORR), PFS, and safety. The ORR was 63.6% and median PFS was 13.8 mo. Overall survival rate at 36 mo was 54.0%. The most common all‐cause adverse events (AEs) were rash (grouped term; 65.4%), diarrhea (51.9%), paronychia (grouped term; 49.4%), and dry skin (grouped term; 39.5%). Most AEs were grade 1‐2. Five patients (6.2%) developed interstitial lung disease, resulting in two deaths (2.5%). Osimertinib demonstrated favorable ORR and PFS in Japanese patients, similar to the overall population. Additionally, osimertinib has good efficacy and a manageable safety profile in Japanese patients with NSCLC who had acquired resistance due to the T790M mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Hirashima
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka Habikino Medical Center, Habikino-city, Osaka, Japan
| | - Miyako Satouchi
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Hida
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Makoto Nishio
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Terufumi Kato
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sakai
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Ina, Kita-adachi-gun, Saitama, Japan
| | - Fumio Imamura
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Chuo-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Kiura
- Department of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Isamu Okamoto
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kasahara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa University Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Uchida
- Research and Development, AstraZeneca K.K., Kita-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sarah L Vowler
- Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tetsuya Mitsudomi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
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23
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Tan KT, Chen PW, Li S, Ke TM, Lin SH, Yang CC. Pterostilbene inhibits lung squamous cell carcinoma growth in vitro and in vivo by inducing S phase arrest and apoptosis. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:1631-1640. [PMID: 31423230 PMCID: PMC6607121 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural dietary components have become the subject of an increasing amount of interest due to the side effects of anticancer treatment. Pterostilbene, an analog of resveratrol, is primarily found in grapes, and has been suggested to exert antioxidant and anticancer effects in different tumor types. The present study aimed to investigate the antitumor effects and molecular mechanisms of pterostilbene in the human lung squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) cell line, H520. The results of the present study indicate that pterostilbene significantly reduced cell viability and induced S phase arrest, and that treatment with pterostilbene was associated with the downregulation of cyclin A and cyclin E, as with the upregulation of p21 and p27 expression in H520 cells. In the apoptosis analysis, pterostilbene induced S phase accumulation and the activation of caspase-3, −8 and −9 in H520 cells, potentially through the activation of extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways. Additionally, the in vivo study demonstrated that pterostilbene effectively inhibited lung SqCC growth in a H520 ×enograft model. Given the in vitro and in vivo antitumor effects of pterostilbene demonstrated in the present study, pterostilbene may serve a novel and effective therapeutic agent to for patients with SqCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kok-Tong Tan
- Department of Surgery, Tungs' Taichung Metro Harbor Hospital, Taichung 433, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Institute of Biomedical Science, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ping-Wen Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shiming Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, Hubei 438000, P.R. China
| | - Te-Min Ke
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Sheng-Hao Lin
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ching-Chieh Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Pharmacy, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan, R.O.C
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24
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Kaur S, Nag A, Gangenahalli G, Sharma K. Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor Gamma Sensitizes Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma to Gamma Irradiation Induced Apoptosis. Front Genet 2019; 10:554. [PMID: 31263479 PMCID: PMC6585470 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear receptors known as peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARG) are lipid-activated transcription factors that have emerged as key regulators of inflammation. PPARG ligands have been shown to have an anti-proliferative effect on a variety of cancers. These ligands can induce apoptosis via TP53 (Tumor protein p53) or ERK1/2 (Extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2) (EPHB2) pathways. However, the exact mechanism is not known. PPAR, a type II nuclear hormone receptor deserves attention as a selective target for radiotherapy. Our study examines the potential of selective agonism of PPARG for radiation therapy in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). We found that the overexpression of PPARG protein as well as its induction using the agonist, rosiglitazone was able to stimulate radiation-induced cell death in otherwise radio resistant NSCLC A549 cell line. This cell death was apoptotic and was found to be BAX (BCL2 associated X) mediated. The treatment also inhibited radiation-induced AKT (Protein Kinase B) phosphorylation. Interestingly, the ionising radiation (IR) induced apoptosis was found to be inversely related to TP53 levels. A relatively significant increase in the levels of radiation induced apoptosis was observed in H1299 cells (TP53 null) under PPARG overexpression condition further supporting the inverse relationship between apoptosis and TP53 levels. The combination of PPARG agonist and radiation was able to induce apoptosis at a radiation dose at which A549 and H1299 are radioresistant, thus confirming the potential of the combinatorial strategy. Taken together, PPARG agonism was found to invigorate the radiosensitising effect and hence its use in combination with radiotherapy is expected to enhance sensitivity in otherwise resistant cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simran Kaur
- Division of Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Alo Nag
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Gurudutta Gangenahalli
- Division of Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kulbhushan Sharma
- Division of Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India
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25
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Dhieb D, Belguith I, Capelli L, Chiadini E, Canale M, Bravaccini S, Yangui I, Boudawara O, Jlidi R, Boudawara T, Calistri D, Keskes LA, Ulivi P. Analysis of Genetic Alterations in Tunisian Patients with Lung Adenocarcinoma. Cells 2019; 8:E514. [PMID: 31141932 PMCID: PMC6627075 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of the mutations that drive lung cancer have furnished new targets for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and led to the development of targeted therapies such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors that are used to combat the molecular changes promoting cancer progression. Furthermore, biomarkers identified from gene analysis can be used to detect early lung cancer, determine patient prognosis, and monitor response to therapy. In the present study we analyzed the molecular profile of seventy-three Tunisian patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LAD). Mutational analyses for EGFR and KRAS were performed using direct sequencing, immunohistochemistry or MassARRAY. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement was evaluated by immunohistochemistry using the D5F3 clone, and p53 expression was also assessed. The median age of patients at diagnosis was 61 years (range 23-82 years). Using different methodologies, EGFR mutations were found in 5.47% of patients and only exon 19 deletions "E746-A750 del" were detected. KRAS mutations were present in 9.58% of cases, while only one patient was ALK-positive. Moreover, abnormal immunostaining of p53 was detected in 56.16% of patients. In conclusion, the detected rates of EGFR and KRAS mutation and ALK rearrangement were lower than those found in European and Asian countries, whereas, abnormal p53 expression was slightly more frequent. Furthermore, given the small sample size of this study, a more comprehensive analysis of this patient set is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhoha Dhieb
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola 47014, Italy.
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia.
| | - Imen Belguith
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia.
| | - Laura Capelli
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola 47014, Italy.
| | - Elisa Chiadini
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola 47014, Italy.
| | - Matteo Canale
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola 47014, Italy.
| | - Sara Bravaccini
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola 47014, Italy.
| | - Ilhem Yangui
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Diseases, CHU Hedi Chaker, Sfax 3029, Tunisia.
| | - Ons Boudawara
- Department of Pathology, CHU Habib Bourguiba, Sfax 3029, Tunisia.
| | - Rachid Jlidi
- Laboratory of Anatomic Pathology, Sfax 3000, Tunisia.
| | - Tahya Boudawara
- Department of Pathology, CHU Habib Bourguiba, Sfax 3029, Tunisia.
| | - Daniele Calistri
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola 47014, Italy.
| | - Leila Ammar Keskes
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia.
| | - Paola Ulivi
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola 47014, Italy.
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26
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Yang Y, Kannisto E, Yu G, Reid ME, Patnaik SK, Wu Y. An Immuno-Biochip Selectively Captures Tumor-Derived Exosomes and Detects Exosomal RNAs for Cancer Diagnosis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:43375-43386. [PMID: 30451486 PMCID: PMC8628516 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b13971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs) play instrumental roles in tumor growth, angiogenesis, immune modulation, metastasis, and drug resistance. TEX RNAs are a new class of noninvasive biomarkers for cancer. Neither current techniques, such as quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and next-generation sequencing, nor new ones, such as electrochemical or surface plasmon resonance-based biosensors, are able to selectively capture and separate TEXs from normal cell-derived exosomes, making TEX RNAs potentially less sensitive biomarkers. We developed an immuno-biochip that selectively captures TEXs using antibodies against tumor-associated proteins and quantifies in situ TEX RNAs using cationic lipoplexes containing molecular beacons. We used the immuno-biochip to measure the expression of miR-21 microRNA and TTF-1 mRNA in EGFR- or PD-L1-bearing exosomes from human sera and achieved absolute sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing normal controls from non-small cell lung cancer patients. Our results demonstrated that the effective separation of TEXs from other exosomes greatly improved the detection sensitivity and specificity. Compared with the traditional immunomagnetic separation-RNA isolation-qRT-PCR workflow, the immuno-biochip showed superior lung cancer diagnostic performance, consumed less samples (∼30 μL), and shortened assay time from ∼24 to 4 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchen Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 332 Bonner Hall, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Eric Kannisto
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Street, Buffalo, New York 14263, United States
| | - Guan Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 710 Kimball Tower, Buffalo, New York 14214, United States
| | - Mary E. Reid
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Street, Buffalo, New York 14263, United States
| | - Santosh K. Patnaik
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Street, Buffalo, New York 14263, United States
- Corresponding Authors: . Phone: (716) 845-8364. Fax: (716) 845-8922 (S.K.P.). . Phone: (716) 645-8498. Fax: (716) 645-2207 (Y.W.)
| | - Yun Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 332 Bonner Hall, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
- Corresponding Authors: . Phone: (716) 845-8364. Fax: (716) 845-8922 (S.K.P.). . Phone: (716) 645-8498. Fax: (716) 645-2207 (Y.W.)
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27
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Mraihi Z, Ben Amar J, Bouacha H, Rammeh S, Hila L. EGFR mutation status in Tunisian non-small-cell lung cancer patients evaluated by mutation-specific immunohistochemistry. BMC Pulm Med 2018; 18:132. [PMID: 30092812 PMCID: PMC6085720 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-018-0706-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Screening mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) to analyze non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) profile is the criterion to choose the best therapeutic strategy. New Oncology guidelines recommend EGFR mutation analysis before prescribing tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) treatment. Majority of lung cancer patients are diagnosed at advanced stages and generally only small biopsies materials are available for diagnostic and molecular characterization. The aim of this first work is to screen EGFR mutation status in Tunisian NSCLC by mutation-specific immunohistochemistry (IHC) and molecular biology, to estimate the relevance of proposing TKIs as a new therapeutic line. Methods E746-A750 deletion and L858R mutations were screened in 50 unselected NSCLC formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples. Mutation expression by IHC was evaluated by intensity and percentage of staining and correlated to patients’ data. DNA was extracted and EGFR mutations were analyzed by Sanger sequencing. Positive and negative controls were included for EGFR mutations in order to support the results. Results Among our patients (48 men and 2 women) all adenocarcinoma (confirmed by histology and IHC with TTF1/Napsin A), 94% were smokers exceeding the tobacco risk threshold (at least 25 pack-years) and the women were none. 44% had EGFR mutation by IHC: 26% had simple mutation and 18% had concurrent mutation. All mutated cases were smokers except a woman who was none. Concurrent mutations patients exceeded 40 pack-years. 91.4% of IHC results were validated by molecular analysis (100% of negative and 85% of positive cases) showing either T > G (exon 21) or 2235–2249 del (exon 19). Conclusions These preliminary results confirm the usefulness of IHC to detect EGFR mutations but the frequency of concurrent mutations doesn’t appear in favor of EGFR TKIs treatment. In fact, literature reports a significantly worse response compared to those with single mutation when treated by TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohra Mraihi
- Genetic Department, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Jihen Ben Amar
- Pulmonary Department, EPS Charles Nicolle, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hend Bouacha
- Pulmonary Department, EPS Charles Nicolle, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Soumaya Rammeh
- Pathological Anatomy and Cytology Department, EPS Charles Nicolle, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Lamia Hila
- Genetic Department, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
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28
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Mangogna A, Belmonte B, Agostinis C, Ricci G, Gulino A, Ferrara I, Zanconati F, Tripodo C, Romano F, Kishore U, Bulla R. Pathological Significance and Prognostic Value of Surfactant Protein D in Cancer. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1748. [PMID: 30127783 PMCID: PMC6088209 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is a pattern recognition molecule belonging to the Collectin (collagen-containing C-type lectin) family that has pulmonary as well as extra-pulmonary existence. In the lungs, it is a well-established opsonin that can agglutinate a range of microbes, and enhance their clearance via phagocytosis and super-oxidative burst. It can interfere with allergen–IgE interaction and suppress basophil and mast cell activation. However, it is now becoming evident that SP-D is likely to be an innate immune surveillance molecule against tumor development. SP-D has been shown to induce apoptosis in sensitized eosinophils derived from allergic patients and a leukemic cell line via p53 pathway. Recently, SP-D has been shown to suppress lung cancer progression via interference with the epidermal growth factor signaling. In addition, a truncated form of recombinant human SP-D has been reported to induce apoptosis in pancreatic adenocarcinoma via Fas-mediated pathway in a p53-independent manner. To further establish a correlation between SP-D presence/levels and normal and cancer tissues, we performed a bioinformatics analysis, using Oncomine dataset and the survival analysis platforms Kaplan–Meier plotter, to assess if SP-D can serve as a potential prognostic marker for human lung cancer, in addition to human gastric, breast, and ovarian cancers. We also analyzed immunohistochemically the presence of SP-D in normal and tumor human tissues. We conclude that (1) in the lung, gastric, and breast cancers, there is a lower expression of SP-D than normal tissues; (2) in ovarian cancer, there is a higher expression of SP-D than normal tissue; and (3) in lung cancer, the presence of SP-D could be associated with a favorable prognosis. On the contrary, at non-pulmonary sites such as gastric, breast, and ovarian cancers, the presence of SP-D could be associated with unfavorable prognosis. Correlation between the levels of SP-D and overall survival requires further investigation. Our analysis involves a large number of dataset; therefore, any trend observed is reliable. Despite apparent complexity within the results, it is evident that cancer tissues that produce less levels of SP-D compared to their normal tissue counterparts are probably less susceptible to SP-D-mediated immune surveillance mechanisms via infiltrating immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beatrice Belmonte
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Human Pathology Section, University of Palermo, Palermo, Sicily, Italy
| | - Chiara Agostinis
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ricci
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gulino
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Human Pathology Section, University of Palermo, Palermo, Sicily, Italy
| | - Ines Ferrara
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Human Pathology Section, University of Palermo, Palermo, Sicily, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Zanconati
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Claudio Tripodo
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Human Pathology Section, University of Palermo, Palermo, Sicily, Italy
| | - Federico Romano
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Uday Kishore
- Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Roberta Bulla
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Human Pathology Section, University of Palermo, Palermo, Sicily, Italy
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Activatable fluorescence detection of epidermal growth factor receptor positive mediastinal lymph nodes in murine lung cancer model. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198224. [PMID: 29856819 PMCID: PMC5983456 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It is important to detect mediastinal lymph node metastases in patients with lung cancer to improve outcomes, and it is possible that activatable fluorescence imaging with indocyanine green (ICG) can help visualize metastatic lymph nodes. Therefore, we investigated the feasibility of applying this method to mediastinal lymph node metastases in an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-positive squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. Tumors were formed by injecting H226 (EGFR-positive) and H520 (EGFR-negative) cell lines directly in the lung parenchyma of five mice each. When computed tomography revealed tumors exceeding 8 mm at their longest or atelectasis that occupied more than half of lateral lung fields, a panitumumab (Pan)-ICG conjugate was injected in the tail vein (50 μg/100 μL). The mice were then sacrificed 48 hours after injection and their chests were opened for fluorescent imaging acquisition. Lymph node metastases with the five highest fluorescent signal intensities per mouse were chosen for statistical analysis of the average signal ratios against the liver. Regarding the quenching capacity, the Pan-ICG conjugate had almost no fluorescence in phosphate-buffered saline, but there was an approximate 61.8-fold increase in vitro after treatment with 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate. Both the fluorescent microscopy and the flow cytometry showed specific binding between the conjugate and H226, but almost no specific binding with H520. The EGFR-positive mediastinal lymph node metastases showed significantly higher average fluorescence signal ratios than the EGFR-negative ones (n = 25 per group) 48 hours after conjugate administration (70.1% ± 4.5% vs. 13.3% ± 1.8%; p < 0.05). Thus, activatable fluorescence imaging using the Pan-ICG conjugate detected EGFR-positive mediastinal lymph node metastases with high specificity.
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Rodriguez-Lara V, Hernandez-Martinez JM, Arrieta O. Influence of estrogen in non-small cell lung cancer and its clinical implications. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:482-497. [PMID: 29600083 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2017.12.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer death in men worldwide and has significantly increased in women. Differences in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) behavior, prognosis, and response to treatment have been reported by sex and hormonal status, with premenopausal women presenting the worst prognosis compared to postmenopausal women and men. Additionally, the use of hormonal replacement therapy significantly increases NSCLC mortality; supporting the role of estrogen signaling in the pathogenesis of LC. The mechanisms by which estrogen promotes lung carcinogenesis have not been fully elucidated. Estrogen, through its receptor, can stimulate LC cell proliferation, death resistance, angiogenesis, migration and metastasis. Estrogen also induces expression of pro-inflammatory proteins and ligands that promote tumor evasion, suggesting that estrogen might modify the microenvironment and anti-tumor immune response. Recent reports have shown an interaction between the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway and estrogen signaling in lung adenocarcinoma, whence, combined treatment based on tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and antiestrogen therapy is beginning to be evaluated. This review focuses on the differences in NSCLC behavior by sex and hormonal status, highlighting the role of estrogen and its receptors in lung carcinogenesis and LC prognosis. Due to the importance of estrogen in NSCLC development and progression we finally discuss the potential of antiestrogen therapy in LC treatment and show the results from preclinical and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vianey Rodriguez-Lara
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan-Manuel Hernandez-Martinez
- CONACYT-Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico.,Functional Unit of Thoracic Oncology and Laboratory of Personalized Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Oscar Arrieta
- Functional Unit of Thoracic Oncology and Laboratory of Personalized Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
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31
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Banisadr A, Safdari Y, Kianmehr A, Pourafshar M. Production of a germline-humanized cetuximab scFv and evaluation of its activity in recognizing EGFR- overexpressing cancer cells. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 14:856-863. [PMID: 29185855 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1407482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to produce a humanized single chain antibody (scFv) as a potential improved product design to target EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor) overexpressing cancer cells. To this end, CDR loops of cetuximab (an FDA-approved anti-EGFR antibody) were grafted on framework regions derived from type 3 (VH3 and VL3 kappa) human germline sequences to obtain recombinant VH and VL domainslinked together with a flexible linker [(Gly4Ser)3] to form a scFv. Codon optimized synthetic gene encoding the scFv (with NH2-VH-linker-VL-COOH orientation) was expressed in E. coli Origami™ 2(DE3) cells and the resultant scFv purified by using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. The scFv, called cet.Hum scFv, was evaluated in ELISA and immunoblot to determine whether it can recognize EGFR. The scFv was able to recognize EGFR over-expressing cancer cells (A-431) but failed to detect cancer cells with low levels of EGFR (MCF-7 cells). Although the affinity of the scFv forA-431 cells was 9 fold lower than that of cetuximab, it was strong enough to recognize these cells. Considering its ability to bind EGFR molecules, the scFv may exhibit a potential application for the detection of EGFR-overexpressing cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsham Banisadr
- a Department of Medical Biotechnology , School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences , Gorgan , Iran
| | - Yaghoub Safdari
- b Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology & Hepatology (GRCGH), Golestan University of Medical Sciences , Gorgan , Iran
| | - Anvarsadat Kianmehr
- c Cancer Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences , Gorgan , Iran
| | - Mahdieh Pourafshar
- a Department of Medical Biotechnology , School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences , Gorgan , Iran
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32
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Chae YK, Arya A, Chiec L, Shah H, Rosenberg A, Patel S, Raparia K, Choi J, Wainwright DA, Villaflor V, Cristofanilli M, Giles F. Challenges and future of biomarker tests in the era of precision oncology: Can we rely on immunohistochemistry (IHC) or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to select the optimal patients for matched therapy? Oncotarget 2017; 8:100863-100898. [PMID: 29246028 PMCID: PMC5725070 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular techniques have improved our understanding of the pathogenesis of cancer development. These techniques have also fueled the rational development of targeted drugs for patient populations stratified by their genetic characteristics. These novel methods have changed the classic paradigm of diagnostic pathology; among them are IHC, FISH, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and microarray technology. IHC and FISH detection methods for human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) were recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as routine clinical practice for cancer patients. Here, we discuss general challenges related to the predictive power of these molecular biomarkers for targeted therapy in cancer medicine. We will also discuss the prospects of utilizing new biomarkers for fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) and hepatocyte growth factor receptor (cMET/MET) targeted therapies for developing new and robust predictive biomarkers in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Kwang Chae
- Developmental Therapeutics Program of the Division of Hematology Oncology, Chicago, IL, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ayush Arya
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lauren Chiec
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hiral Shah
- Developmental Therapeutics Program of the Division of Hematology Oncology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ari Rosenberg
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sandip Patel
- University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kirtee Raparia
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jaehyuk Choi
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Derek A Wainwright
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Victoria Villaflor
- Developmental Therapeutics Program of the Division of Hematology Oncology, Chicago, IL, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Massimo Cristofanilli
- Developmental Therapeutics Program of the Division of Hematology Oncology, Chicago, IL, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Francis Giles
- Developmental Therapeutics Program of the Division of Hematology Oncology, Chicago, IL, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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33
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Donovan MJ, Cordon-Cardo C. Implementation of a Precision Pathology Program Focused on Oncology-Based Prognostic and Predictive Outcomes. Mol Diagn Ther 2017; 21:115-123. [PMID: 28000172 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-016-0249-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Personalized or precision medicine as a diagnostic and therapeutic paradigm was introduced some 10-15 years ago, with the advent of biomarker discovery as a mechanism for identifying prognostic and predictive attributes associated with treatment indication and outcome. While the concept is not new, the successful development and implementation of novel 'companion diagnostics', especially in oncology, continues to represent a significant challenge and is currently at the forefront of smart trial design and therapeutic choice. The ability to determine patient selection for a specific therapy has broad implications including better chances for a positive outcome, limited exposure to potentially toxic drugs and improved health economics. Importantly, a significant step in this paradigm is the role of predictive pathology or the accurate assessment of morphology at the microscopic level. In breast cancer, this has been most useful where histologic attributes such as the classification of tubular and cribriform carcinoma dictates surgery while neoadjuvant studies suggest that patients with lobular carcinoma are not likely to benefit from chemotherapy. The next level of 'personalized pathology' at the tissue-cellular level is the use of 'protein biomarker panels' to classify the disease process and ultimately drive tumor characterization and treatment. The following review article will focus on the evolution of predictive pathology from a subjective, 'opinion-based' approach to a quantitative science. In addition, we will discuss the individual components of the precise pathology platform including advanced image analysis, biomarker quantitation with mathematical modeling and the integration with fluid-based (i.e. blood, urine) analytics as drivers of next generation precise patient phenotyping.
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Wang B, Jiang H, Wang L, Chen X, Wu K, Zhang S, Ma S, Xia B. Increased MIR31HG lncRNA expression increases gefitinib resistance in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines through the EGFR/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:3494-3500. [PMID: 28529576 PMCID: PMC5431660 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to gain insight into the molecular mechanism of gefitinib resistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and demonstrate whether long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) expression signatures differ between gefitinib-sensitive PC9 and gefitinib-resistant PC9 (PC9-R) cell lines. PC9 and PC9-R cells were treated with gefitinib and, after 48 h, proliferation and apoptosis were analyzed using a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and flow cytometry. Microarray expression profiling of lncRNAs was undertaken in both PC9 and PC9-R cells, and the expression profiles were verified by reverse transcription quantitative-polymerase chain reaction. The EGFR/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and mitochondrial apoptosis protein expression levels were assessed by western blot analysis. The PC9 cell line treated with gefitinib had a more significant effect on cell viability and apoptosis than the PC9-R cell line (P<0.05). Expression of various lncRNAs differed significantly between the two cell lines, and MIR31HG expression in particular was significantly higher in PC9-R cells. As expected, MIR31HG lncRNA knockdown sensitized PC9-R cells to gefitinib, and further experiments revealed that turning off the EGFR/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway activated expression of p53 in PC9-R cells transfected with si-MIR31HG. Furthermore, PC9-R cells transfected with si-MIR31HG induced cell apoptosis through the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, and arrested the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase. The results of the current study suggest that MIR31HG lncRNA levels in PC9-R cells are higher than in PC9 cells. Furthermore, overexpression of MIR31HG lncRNAs may contribute to gefitinib resistance in PC9-R cells through the EGFR/PI3K/AKT pathway, which impacts on cell proliferation, apoptosis and the cell cycle. MIR31HG lncRNA may therefore be a novel candidate biomarker for future therapeutic strategies involving EGFR-TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, P.R. China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, P.R. China
| | - Limin Wang
- Department of Respiration, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, P.R. China
| | - Xueqin Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, P.R. China
| | - Kan Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, P.R. China
| | - Shirong Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, P.R. China
| | - Shenglin Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, P.R. China
| | - Bing Xia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, P.R. China
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35
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Liu TC, Jin X, Wang Y, Wang K. Role of epidermal growth factor receptor in lung cancer and targeted therapies. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:187-202. [PMID: 28337370 PMCID: PMC5336495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the foremost cause of cancer-related deaths world-wide. Both, the major forms of lung cancer, Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and Small cell lung cancers (SCLC), have responded effectively to chemo-, radiation and adjuvant-therapies. Tumor removal through surgery also appeared as a good therapeutic strategy. However, these therapies demonstrated unfavourable side-effects, and hence novel drugs targeting lung cancer emerged essential. Activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinases is a key reason for lung cancer progression. Two important strategies that have attenuated lung cancers were through treatments with EGFR-tyrosine kinase-inhibitors, erlotinib and gefitinib, or EGFR-neutralizing antibodies, cetuximab and bevacizumab. A major advantage with erlotinib and gefitinib was their role in second and third-line treatments following chemotherapies. Phase II/III clinical trials showed that combinatorial treatment of tyrosine kinase (TK)-inhibitors with chemotherapeutics, such as docetaxel and pemetrexed, caused significant improvements in progression-free survival and overall survival.Phase I and II clinical studies also revealed that combination of tyrosine kinase-inhibitors with the EGFR-targeted antibodies was an effective approach for treating lung cancer. However, patients having T790M-mutations within EGFR gene were resistant to erlotinib and gefitinib. Alternatively, another second-generation EGFR-tyrosine kinase-inhibitor, afatinib, that could circumvent the problem of drug resistance has been developed as lung cancer therapy. The current review focuses on the role of EGFR in lung cancer progression and apprises about the EGFR-targeted therapies. The review also informs on the adverse side-effects of these therapies and enlightens the need for safer therapeutic regimens to eradicate this dreaded disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tie-Cheng Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, China
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36
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Ochiai S, Nomoto Y, Watanabe Y, Yamashita Y, Toyomasu Y, Kawamura T, Takada A, Noriko, Sakuma H. The impact of epidermal growth factor receptor mutations on patterns of disease recurrence after chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a literature review and pooled analysis. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2016; 57:449-459. [PMID: 27534790 PMCID: PMC5045087 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrw075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this review was to evaluate the impact of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status on disease recurrence in patients treated with chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A literature search was conducted and a total of three studies were analyzed. There was no significant difference in the objective response rate between the EGFR mutation group and the EGFR wild-type group (odds ratios [OR] 1.46, 95% CI, 0.79-2.70, P = 0.228), and there was no significant difference in the incidence of disease recurrence (OR 1.37, 95% CI, 0.68-2.75, P = 0.379) between the two groups. There were significant difference in the incidence of local/locoregional progression (LP) (OR 0.35, 95% CI, 0.18-0.71, P = 0.003) and distant progression (DP) (OR 2.97, 95% CI, 1.59-5.54, P < 0.001). Brain metastasis (BM) was one of the main recurrence patterns of DP, and the incidence was significantly higher in the EGFR mutant group (OR 2.75, 95% CI, 1.43-5.31, P = 0.003). There were no statistically significant heterogeneities in these pooled analyses. The patterns of recurrence after CRT for locally advanced NSCLC were different according to EGFR mutation status. LP after CRT in patients with EGFR mutation was less frequent, but the high incidence of DP, especially BM, continued to be the major problem. On the other hand, LP continued to be the major problem in EGFR wild-type patients. In multimodality treatment for inoperable locally advanced NSCLC, we may need to consider different treatment strategies according to EGFR mutation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Ochiai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Matsusaka Central Hospital, 102 Kobou Kawai-machi, Matsusaka, Mie 515-8566, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Nomoto
- Department of Radiology, Mie University School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yui Watanabe
- Department of Radiology, Mie University School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Yamashita
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Matsusaka Central Hospital, 102 Kobou Kawai-machi, Matsusaka, Mie 515-8566, Japan
| | - Yutaka Toyomasu
- Department of Radiology, Mie University School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kawamura
- Department of Radiology, Mie University School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Akinori Takada
- Department of Radiology, Mie University School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Noriko
- Department of Radiology, Mie University School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Hajime Sakuma
- Department of Radiology, Mie University School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
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