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Rahnemai-Azar AA, Cloyd JM, Weber SM, Dillhoff M, Schmidt C, Winslow ER, Pawlik TM. Update on Liver Failure Following Hepatic Resection: Strategies for Prediction and Avoidance of Post-operative Liver Insufficiency. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2018; 6:97-104. [PMID: 29577036 PMCID: PMC5863005 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2017.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver resection is increasingly used for a variety of benign and malignant conditions. Despite advances in preoperative selection, surgical technique and perioperative management, posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) is still a leading cause of morbidity and mortality following liver resection. Given the devastating physiological consequences of PHLF and the lack of effective treatment options, identifying risk factors and preventative strategies for PHLF is paramount. In the past, a major limitation to conducting high quality research on risk factors and prevention strategies for PHLF has been the absence of a standardized definition. In this article, we describe relevant definitions for PHLF, discuss risk factors and prediction models, and review advances in liver assessment tools and PHLF prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir A. Rahnemai-Azar
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Wisconsin Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jordan M. Cloyd
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sharon M. Weber
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Wisconsin Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mary Dillhoff
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Carl Schmidt
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Emily R. Winslow
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Wisconsin Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Timothy M. Pawlik
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- *Correspondence to: Timothy M. Pawlik, The Urban Meyer III and Shelley Meyer Chair for Cancer Research, Department of Surgery, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, 395 W. 12 Ave., Suite 670, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. Tel: +1-614 293 8701, Fax: +1-614 293 4063, E-mail:
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Nakamura I, Iimuro Y, Hai S, Kondo Y, Hatano E, Fujimoto J. Impaired Value of 99m Tc-GSA Scintigraphy as an Independent Risk Factor for Posthepatectomy Liver Failure in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Eur Surg Res 2018; 59:12-22. [PMID: 29332090 DOI: 10.1159/000484044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) was recently defined with the corresponding recommendations as follows: grade A, no change in clinical management; grade B, clinical management with noninvasive treatment; and grade C, clinical management with invasive treatment. In this study, we identified the risk factors for grade B and C PHLF in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS Of 339 HCC patients who underwent curative hepatic resection, 218 were included for analysis. The LHL15 index (uptake ratio of the liver to that of the liver and heart at 15 min) was measured by 99m Tc-GSA (99m technetium-labelled galactosyl human serum albumin); remnant LHL15 was calculated as LHL15 × [1 - (resected liver weight - tumor volume)/whole liver volume without tumor]. RESULTS A total of 163 patients were classified as having no PHLF, whereas 17, 37, and 1 patient had PHLF grade A, B, and C, respectively. There were significant differences in indocyanine green R15, serum albumin, prothrombin time, Child-Pugh classification, LHL15 and remnant LHL15 between patients with grades B/C PHLF and patients with grade A or no PHLF. Only remnant LHL15 was identified as an independent risk factor for grades B/C PHLF (p = 0.023), with a cut-off value of 0.755. CONCLUSIONS Remnant LHL15 was an independent risk factor for grades B/C PHLF. Patients with impaired remnant LHL15 value of <0.755 should be carefully monitored for PHLF.
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Chiba N, Shimazu M, Takano K, Oshima G, Tomita K, Sano T, Okihara M, Ozawa Y, Hikita K, Gunji T, Abe Y, Koizumi K, Kawachi S. Predicting hepatic failure with a new diagnostic technique by preoperative liver scintigraphy and computed tomography: a pilot study in 123 patients undergoing liver resection. Patient Saf Surg 2017; 11:29. [PMID: 29270223 PMCID: PMC5735932 DOI: 10.1186/s13037-017-0143-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A novel index, total liver LU15, has been identified as a surrogate marker for liver function. We evaluated the ability of preoperative remnant liver LU15 values to predict postoperative hepatic failure. Methods Preoperative risk factors for postoperative hepatic failure and remnant liver LU15 were evaluated in 123 patients undergoing liver resection for several diseases from September 1st, 2007 to December 1st, 2016. We calculated the remnant liver LU15 value from the total liver LU15 value and the functional remnant liver ratio. Risk factors for postoperative hepatic failure was determined by univariate and multivariate analysis. Results Hepatic failure grade B/C developed postoperatively in six patients of seven patients within Makuuchi criteria / without criteria for remnant liver LU15. Operative time (p = 0.0242) and criteria for remnant liver LU15 (p = 0.0001) were prognostic factors for hepatic failure according to the univariate analysis. And criteria for remnant liver LU15 (p = 0.0009) was only prognostic factor by multivariate analysis. Conclusion Based on the findings form this pilot study, it appears that patients with a remnant liver LU15 value of 13 or less may have a high risk of postoperative hepatic failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naokazu Chiba
- Department of Digestive and Transplantation Surgery, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.,1163 Tatemachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 193-0998 Japan
| | | | - Kiminori Takano
- Department of Digestive and Transplantation Surgery, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Go Oshima
- Department of Digestive and Transplantation Surgery, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Tomita
- Department of Digestive and Transplantation Surgery, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Sano
- Department of Digestive and Transplantation Surgery, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Okihara
- Department of Digestive and Transplantation Surgery, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Ozawa
- Department of Digestive and Transplantation Surgery, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Hikita
- Department of Digestive and Transplantation Surgery, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Gunji
- Department of Digestive and Transplantation Surgery, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Abe
- Department of Surgery, Keio University school of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Koizumi
- Department of Radiology, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Kawachi
- Department of Digestive and Transplantation Surgery, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
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Honmyo N, Kuroda S, Kobayashi T, Ishiyama K, Ide K, Tahara H, Ohira M, Ohdan H. Stepwise approach to curative surgery using percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage and portal vein embolization for severe bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a case report. Surg Case Rep 2016; 2:27. [PMID: 26989053 PMCID: PMC4798688 DOI: 10.1186/s40792-016-0154-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has been recently adapted to acute cholecystitis. Major bile duct injury during LC, especially Strasberg-Bismuth classification type E, can be a critical problem sometimes requiring hepatectomy. Safety and definitive treatment without further morbidities, such as posthepatectomy liver failure, is required. Here, we report a case of severe bile duct injury treated with a stepwise approach using 99mTc-galactosyl human serum albumin (99mTc-GSA) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/CT fusion imaging to accurately estimate liver function. A 52-year-old woman diagnosed with acute cholecystitis underwent LC at another hospital and was transferred to our university hospital for persistent bile leakage on postoperative day 20. She had no jaundice or infection, although an intraperitoneal drainage tube discharged approximately 500 ml of bile per day. Recorded operation procedure showed removal of the gallbladder with a part of the common bile duct due to its misidentification, and each of the hepatic ducts and right hepatic artery was injured. Abdominal enhanced CT revealed obstructive jaundice of the left liver and arterial shunt through the hilar plate to the right liver. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography revealed type E4 or more advanced bile duct injury according to the Bismuth-Strasberg classification. We planned a stepwise approach using percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage (PTCD) and portal vein embolization (PVE) for secure right hemihepatectomy and biliary-jejunum reconstruction and employed 99mTc-GSA SPECT/CT fusion imaging to estimate future remnant liver function. The left liver function rate had changed from 26.2 % on admission to 26.3 % after PTCD and 54.5 % after PVE, while the left liver volume rate was 33.8, 33.3, and 49.6 %, respectively. The increase of liver function was higher than that of volume (28.3 vs. 15.8 %). On postoperative day 63, the curative operation, right hemihepatectomy and biliary-jejunum reconstruction, was performed, and posthepatectomy liver failure could be avoided. Careful consideration of treatment strategy for each case is necessary for severe bile duct injury with arterial injury requiring hepatectomy. The stepwise approach using PTCD and PVE could enable hemihepatectomy, and 99mTc-GSA SPECT/CT fusion imaging was useful to estimate heterogeneous liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naruhiko Honmyo
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kuroda
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
| | - Tsuyoshi Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Kohei Ishiyama
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ide
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tahara
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ohira
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Hideki Ohdan
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
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