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Nagata N, Suzuki T, Takenouchi S, Kobayashi K, Murata T. Alleviation of allergic conjunctivitis by (±)5(6)-dihydroxy-8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosatetraenoic acid in mice. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1217397. [PMID: 37822881 PMCID: PMC10562701 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1217397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Allergic conjunctivitis (AC) is a common ophthalmologic disorder that causes symptoms that often reduces a patient's quality of life (QOL). We investigated the effects of the eicosapentaenoic acid metabolite (±)5(6)-dihydroxy-8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosatetraenoic acid ((±)5(6)-DiHETE) on AC using a mouse model. Methods: BALB/c mice were sensitized with two injections of short ragweed pollen in alum, challenged fifth with pollen in eyedrops. The clinical signs and tear volume were evaluated at 15 min after the final challenge. Histamine-induced ocular inflammation model was prepared by instilling histamine onto the surface of the eye. Fifteen minutes after histamine application, tear volume was measured using the Schirmer tear test. Miles assay was performed to investigate vascular permeability. To cause scratching behavior 10 μg of serotonin was injected in the cheek. Results: Repeated topical application of pollen induced conjunctivitis, accompanied by eyelid edema and tearing in mice. Pollen application typically degranulates mast cells and recruits eosinophils to the conjunctiva. Intraperitoneal administration of 300 μg/kg of (±)5(6)-DiHETE significantly inhibited pollen-induced symptoms. The administration of (±)5(6)-DiHETE also attenuated mast cell degranulation and eosinophil infiltration into the conjunctiva. To assess the effects of (±)5(6)-DiHETE on the downstream pathway of mast cell activation in AC, we used a histamine-induced ocular inflammation model. Topical application of 4 μg/eye histamine caused eyelid edema and tearing and increased vascular permeability, as indicated by Evans blue dye extravasation. Intraperitoneal administration of 300 μg/kg or topical administration of 1 μg/eye (±)5(6)-DiHETE inhibited histamine-induced manifestations. Finally, we assessed the effects of (±)5(6)-DiHETE on itching. An intradermal injection of 10 μg serotonin in the cheek caused scratching behavior in mice. Intraperitoneal administration of 300 μg/kg (±)5(6)-DiHETE significantly inhibited serotonin-induced scratching. Conclusion: Thus, (±)5(6)-DiHETE treatment broadly suppressed AC pathology and could be a novel treatment option for AC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanae Nagata
- Animal Radiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoka Suzuki
- Animal Radiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Takenouchi
- Animal Radiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Kobayashi
- Food and Animal Systemics, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahisa Murata
- Animal Radiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Food and Animal Systemics, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Veterinary Pharmacology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Semaphorin 3A: A potential target for prevention and treatment of nickel allergy. Commun Biol 2022; 5:671. [PMID: 35798870 PMCID: PMC9262932 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03641-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal allergy is one of the typical immune disorders encountered during the application of dental/medical materials and has a highly complex pathogenic mechanism. Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A), a member of the semaphorin family, is reported to be involved in various immune disorders. However, its role in metal allergy has not been clarified yet. Herein, we show that Sema3A expression was upregulated in nickel (Ni) allergy-induced mouse ear tissue and in NiCl2-stimulated mouse keratinocytes. Moreover, Sema3A regulated tumor necrosis factor-alpha production and mitogen-activated protein kinase activation in keratinocytes. The specific deletion of Sema3A in keratinocytes did not affect immune cell infiltration but reduced edema and ear swelling; it also impeded Th1 responses to cause a slight alleviation in Ni allergy in mice. Our results demonstrate that Sema3A promotes the development of metal allergy and should be explored as a potential target for the prevention and treatment of metal allergy. Semaphorin 3A is upregulated in keratinocytes upon nickel exposure, subsequently promoting Th1 cytokine responses and driving nickel allergic reactions.
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Semaphorin-3 Promotes Specific Immunotherapy Effects on Experimental Food Allergy. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:5414993. [PMID: 35769512 PMCID: PMC9234049 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5414993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustaining higher frequency of mast cells in the allergic lesion site has been recognized. Factors causing high numbers of mast cells in the local tissues are not fully understood yet. RAS signaling plays a role in sustaining certain cell activities. This study is aimed at elucidating the role of RAS activation in the apoptosis resistance induction in mast cells and at employing semaphorin 3A to regulate RAS activities in sensitized mast cells and alleviating the allergic response in the intestine. A food allergy (FA) mouse model was developed. Mast cells were isolated from FA mouse intestinal tissues by flow cytometry. Mast cell apoptosis was assessed by staining with annexin V and propidium iodide. We found that aberrantly higher p21-activated kinase-1 (Pak1) expression in FA mast cells was associated with mast cell aggregation in the intestine. Sensitization increased Pak1 expression and apoptosis resistance in intestinal mast cells. RAS and Pak1 mutually potentiated each other in sensitized mast cells. Semaphorin 3A (sema3A) suppressed the Pak1 expression and RAS activation in mast cells. sema3A restored the apoptosis sensitivity in sensitized mast cells. Administration of sema3A potentiated allergen-specific immunotherapy in experimental FA. In conclusion, mast cells of FA mice showed higher Pak1 expression and high RAS activation status that contributed to apoptosis resistance in mast cells. Administration of sema3A restored the sensitivity to apoptosis inducers and promoted the therapeutic effects of specific immunotherapy on experimental FA.
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Chen Y, Lai L, Mo Z, Li X, Su X, Li Y, Leng E, Zhang Y, Li W. Mulberry Leaf Extract Alleviates Staphylococcus aureus-Induced Conjunctivitis in Rabbits via Downregulation of NLRP3 Inflammasome and Upregulation of the Nrf2 System and Suppression of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines. Pharmacology 2022; 107:250-262. [PMID: 35417907 DOI: 10.1159/000523786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves are widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-obesity, antidiabetic, antiatherosclerotic, and anticancer properties. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of mulberry leaf extract (MLE) on Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)-induced conjunctivitis (5 × 109 colony-forming units, 0.5 mL/eye) in a rabbit model. METHODS Rabbits were treated with MLE (5 mL/kg·d-1 and 10 mL/kg·d-1), 0.9% saline, pearl bright eye (PBE) drops, or erythromycin eye ointment (EEO) group for 5 days. The ocular infection symptoms, bacterial negative conversion rate, and conjunctival histopathological changes of rabbits in each group were observed. The expression of caspase-1, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain, NOD-like receptor leucine-rich pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3), interleukin (IL)-18, IL-6, IL-1β, TNFα, Keap1, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in conjunctival tissue of rabbits were detected by quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR and/or Western blot analysis. RESULTS The results showed that MLE treatment significantly reduced the clinical sign scores of conjunctivitis, alleviated clinical signs, and decreased bacterial load, and histological damage in a time- and dose-dependent manner was compared to that in the control group. The antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities of MLE (10 mL/kg·d-1) were similar to those of the positive control drug PBE and EEO. In addition, MLE significantly decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, downregulated the NLRP3 inflammasome, and upregulated the Nrf2 system. CONCLUSIONS MLE is effective in alleviating S. aureus-induced conjunctivitis in rabbits, and this mechanism is associated with the inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome and activation of the Nrf2 system to regulate pro-inflammatory signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Zhuhai Campus, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China,
| | - Linglin Lai
- Zhuhai Campus, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China.,Department of Drug Clinical Trials, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhentao Mo
- Zhuhai Campus, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xu Li
- Zhuhai Campus, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xiaotong Su
- Zhuhai Campus, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yiqi Li
- Zhuhai Campus, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Ennian Leng
- Zhuhai Campus, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yueyue Zhang
- Zhuhai Campus, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Wenna Li
- Zhuhai Campus, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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Lotfi R, Zamanimehr N. Semaphorin-3A: a promising therapeutic tool in allergic rhinitis. Immunol Res 2022; 70:135-142. [PMID: 35031951 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-022-09264-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Semaphorin-3A (Sema-3A), a secreted member of the semaphorin family, is well known for playing regulatory functions at all stages of the immune response. Sema-3A transduces signals by binding to its cognate receptors, namely, class A plexins (Plxns A1 to A4) and neuropilin-1 (Nrp-1). The downstream diverse signaling pathways induced by connecting Sema-3A to its receptors were found to be involved in the pathogenesis of different immunological disorders, ranging from cancer to autoimmunity and allergies. Recent studies have demonstrated that Sema-3A expression is diminished in the murine models and patients with allergic rhinitis (AR; a chronic inflammatory disorder of the nasal mucosa), suggesting the involvement of Sema-3A in AR pathogenesis. Investigations also revealed that treatment of these mice with exogenous Sema-3A protein alleviates the clinical symptom scores of AR, thereby compensating for the reduced expression of Sema-3A in AR. Indeed, Sema-3A treatment could suppress allergic responses in AR via inhibiting Th2/Th17 responses and boosting Th1/Treg responses. Also, Sema-3A could diminish dendritic cell (DC) maturation and T cell proliferation. Since it is implicated in the pathogenesis of AR; thus, Sema-3A turns to be a promising tool of therapy to be studied and utilized in this disease. This review intends to highlight the recent evidence on the role of Sema-3A in AR pathogenesis and summarizes the recent findings regarding the expression status of Sema-3A, as well as its therapeutic potential for treating this disease. HIGHLIGHTS: Sema-3A plays regulatory functions at all stages of the immune response. Sema-3A receptors are the class A plexins (A1-A4) and neuropilin-1 (Nrp-1). Sema-3A expression is reduced in murine models and patients with allergic rhinitis. Connecting Sema-3A to Nrp-1 increases Foxp3 expression in Treg cells. Injecting Sema-3A protein exerts therapeutic effects in mouse models of allergic diseases. Sema-3A shows promise as a therapeutic tool for the treatment of allergic rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Lotfi
- Clinical Research Development Center, Tohid Hospital, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran. .,Lung Diseases and Allergy Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, 6617713446, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Nahid Zamanimehr
- Clinical Research Development Center, Tohid Hospital, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.,Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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Interplay between sympathetic nervous system and inflammation in aseptic loosening of hip joint replacement. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16044. [PMID: 30375409 PMCID: PMC6207762 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33360-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a common symptom in joint disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis (OA) and implant aseptic loosening (AL). The sympathetic nervous system is well known to play a critical role in regulating inflammatory conditions, and imbalanced sympathetic activity has been observed in rheumatoid arthritis. In AL it is not clear whether the sympathetic nervous system is altered. In this study we evaluated the systemic and local profile of neuroimmune molecules involved in the interplay between the sympathetic nervous system and the periprosthetic inflammation in hip AL. Our results showed that periprosthetic inflammation does not trigger a systemic response of the sympathetic nervous system, but is mirrored rather by the impairment of the sympathetic activity locally in the hip joint. Moreover, macrophages were identified as key players in the local regulation of inflammation by the sympathetic nervous system in a process that is implant debris-dependent and entails the reduction of both adrenergic and Neuropetide Y (NPY)-ergic activity. Additionally, our results showed a downregulation of semaphorin 3A (SEMA3A) that may be part of the mechanism sustaining the periprosthetic inflammation. Overall, the local sympathetic nervous system emerges as a putative target to mitigate the inflammatory response to debris release and extending the lifespan of orthopedic implants.
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Huang B, Zhang Q, Yuan Y, Xin N, He K, Huang Y, Tang H, Gong P. Sema3a inhibits the differentiation of Raw264.7 cells to osteoclasts under 2Gy radiation by reducing inflammation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200000. [PMID: 29975739 PMCID: PMC6033434 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Astronauts and cancer patients receive different types of radiation, and radiation decreases bone strength and leads to radiation-induced osteoporosis. This effect is attributed to the activation of osteoclasts. Our aim was to study the effect of Sema3a on the differentiation of the murine macrophage cell line Raw264.7 into osteoclasts upon irradiation. Raw264.7 cells were divided into four groups: A, receiving no radiation; B, receiving no radiation + 50ngng/ml Sema3a; C, receiving 2Gy radiation; and D, receiving 2Gy radiation +50ngng/ml Sema3a. After treatment, cells were subjected to a proliferation assay, migration assay, live and apoptosis assay, and an ROS assay, along with analyses of bone resorption activity, TRAP staining and RT-PCR to assess the effect of Sema3a on Raw264.7 cells under 2Gy radiation. Sema3a inhibited the proliferation of Raw264.7 cells and showed statistical significance at a concentration of 100ngng/ml (P<0.05). Under 2Gy radiation, cell migration was reduced (P<0.05). In addition, 2Gy radiation resulted in more apoptotic cells, a higher level of ROS, larger bone resorption lacunae and more Trap-positive cells (p<0.05), and radiation increased CSTK, NFAT, TRAP-5b, Rankl/OPG, IL-1, IL-6, TNFa and P53 gene expression (P<0.05). Sema3a had an inhibitory effect on the differentiation of Raw264.7 cells and the migration and activity of osteoclasts upon irradiation but did not affect ROS. Sema3a also decreased the expression of CSTK, NFAT, TRAP-5b, Rankl/OPG, IL-1, IL-6 and TNFa on the 3rd and 7th days after irradiation (p<0.05), whereas P53 expression was increased (P<0.05). Sema3a reduced the inflammation induced by radiation and negatively regulated osteoclast differentiation. Sema3a promoted Raw264.7 cell apoptosis after irradiation, indicating that Sema3a could be a potential therapeutic target for radiation-induced osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
- Dental Implant Center, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Qin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
- Dental Implant Center, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Ying Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
- Dental Implant Center, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Na Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
- Dental Implant Center, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Kun He
- Dental Implant Center, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
- OMFS-IMPATH Research Group, Oral Imaging Center, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Biomedical Sciences Group, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hua Tang
- Dental Implant Center, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
- * E-mail: (HT); (PG)
| | - Ping Gong
- Dental Implant Center, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
- * E-mail: (HT); (PG)
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Podojil JR, Chiang MY, Ifergan I, Copeland R, Liu LN, Maloveste S, Langermann S, Liebenson D, Balabanov R, Chi H, Chen L, Vignali DAA, Miller SD. B7-H4 Modulates Regulatory CD4 + T Cell Induction and Function via Ligation of a Semaphorin 3a/Plexin A4/Neuropilin-1 Complex. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:897-907. [PMID: 29898965 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The potent immune regulatory function of an agonistic B7-H4-Ig fusion protein (B7-H4Ig) has been demonstrated in multiple experimental autoimmune models; however, the identity of a functional B7-H4 receptor remained unknown. The biological activity of B7-H4 is associated with decreased inflammatory CD4+ T cell responses as supported by a correlation between B7-H4-expressing tumor-associated macrophages and Foxp3+ T cells within the tumor microenvironment. Recent data indicate that members of the semaphorin (Sema)/plexin/neuropilin (Nrp) family of proteins both positively and negatively modulate immune cell function. In this study, we show that B7-H4 binds the soluble Sema family member Sema3a. Additionally, B7-H4Ig-induced inhibition of inflammatory CD4+ T cell responses is lost in both Sema3a functional mutant mice and mice lacking Nrp-1 expression in Foxp3+ T cells. These findings indicate that B7-H4Ig binds to Sema3a, which acts as a functional bridge to stimulate an Nrp-1/Plexin A4 heterodimer to form a functional immunoregulatory receptor complex resulting in increased levels of phosphorylated PTEN and enhanced regulatory CD4+ T cell number and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Podojil
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Ming-Yi Chiang
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Igal Ifergan
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hongbo Chi
- Immunology Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | - Lieping Chen
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Dario A A Vignali
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15262; and.,Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15232
| | - Stephen D Miller
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611;
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Vadasz Z, Toubi E. Semaphorin3A: A potential therapeutic tool in immune-mediated diseases. Eur J Rheumatol 2017; 5:58-61. [PMID: 29657877 DOI: 10.5152/eurjrheum.2017.17076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The significance of semaphorin3A (sema3A) in regulating immune-mediated inflammation is widely reported. There are multiple mechanisms involved in the process of sema3A-mediated regulation. One of them is the ability of sema3A to maintain a sufficient regulation of both T-cell and B-cell activation. Because it is involved in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune, infectious, and malignant diseases, sema3A turns to be a promising therapeutic tool to be studied and applied in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahava Vadasz
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Elias Toubi
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
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Chen Y, Hong X. Effects of carvedilol reduce conjunctivitis through changes in inflammation, NGF and VEGF levels in a rat model. Exp Ther Med 2016; 11:1987-1992. [PMID: 27168839 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carvedilol is a novel third generation β-blocker that acts as an antagonist of β and α adrenergic receptors, and is able to regulate various cell factors. In addition, it possesses antioxidant activity, is capable of reversing cardiac remodeling effects and has anti-arrhythmic effects. The present study aimed to investigate whether the effects of carvedilol were able to reduce conjunctivitis clinical scores. Initially, 24 Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three equal groups as follows: Control group, model group and carvedilol group. The model and carvedilol group adult SD rats were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce conjunctivitis. In the carvedilol group, the eight SD rats with LPS-induced conjunctivitis also received 50 mg/kg/day of carvedilol for 4 weeks. Next, the effects carvedilol were assessed utilizing a system of clinical sign scores, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the expression levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Finally, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), nerve growth factor (NGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were analyzed by western blotting. Carvedilol was observed to significantly reduce clinical sign scores in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.01), and reduce IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α expression levels (P<0.01) in the LPS-induced rat model of conjunctivitis. Carvedilol was also able to significantly reduce the protein expression levels of NF-κB, and induce the protein expression levels of NGF and VEGF in the LPS-induced rat model of conjunctivitis (P<0.01). In conclusion, the effects of carvedilol may reduce conjunctivitis clinical scores through inflammation, NGF and VEGF in LPS-induced rat models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jinhua Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, P.R. China
| | - Xianfei Hong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jinhua Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, P.R. China
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