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Zhang W, Wang P, Zhang X, Wang R, Wang T, Liu Z, Zhang Z. Synthesis of
2
H
‐benzo[
g
]furo/thieno/pyrrolo[2,3‐
e
]indazoles
via
Intramolecular Dehydrogenation Photocyclization. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Basic Experimental Teaching Center, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an Shaanxi 710062 China
| | - Ping Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Basic Experimental Teaching Center, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an Shaanxi 710062 China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Basic Experimental Teaching Center, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an Shaanxi 710062 China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Basic Experimental Teaching Center, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an Shaanxi 710062 China
| | - Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Basic Experimental Teaching Center, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an Shaanxi 710062 China
| | - Zhicun Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Basic Experimental Teaching Center, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an Shaanxi 710062 China
| | - Zunting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Basic Experimental Teaching Center, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an Shaanxi 710062 China
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Kowalczyk A, Utecht-Jarzyńska G, Mlostoń G, Jasiński M. A straightforward access to 3-trifluoromethyl-1H-indazoles via (3+2)-cycloaddition of arynes with nitrile imines derived from trifluoroacetonitrile. J Fluor Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2020.109691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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3
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EL-Atawy MA, Formenti D, Ferretti F, Ragaini F. Synthesis of 3,6-Dihydro-2H-[1, 2]-Oxazines from Nitroarenes and Conjugated Dienes, Catalyzed by Palladium/Phenanthroline Complexes and Employing Phenyl Formate as a CO Surrogate. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201801223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. EL-Atawy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Taibah University; Yanbu 46423 Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Alexandria University; P.O. 426 Ibrahemia Alexandria 21321 Egypt
| | - Dario Formenti
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Milano Via Golgi 19; 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Francesco Ferretti
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Milano Via Golgi 19; 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Fabio Ragaini
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Milano Via Golgi 19; 20133 Milano Italy
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Rubio-Presa R, Suárez-Pantiga S, Pedrosa MR, Sanz R. Molybdenum-Catalyzed Sustainable Friedländer Synthesis of Quinolines. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201800278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Rubio-Presa
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Burgos; Pza. Misael Bañuelos, s/n 09001 Burgos Spain
| | - Samuel Suárez-Pantiga
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Burgos; Pza. Misael Bañuelos, s/n 09001 Burgos Spain
| | - María R. Pedrosa
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Burgos; Pza. Misael Bañuelos, s/n 09001 Burgos Spain
| | - Roberto Sanz
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Burgos; Pza. Misael Bañuelos, s/n 09001 Burgos Spain
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6
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EL-Atawy MA, Ferretti F, Ragaini F. A Synthetic Methodology for Pyrroles from Nitrodienes. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. EL-Atawy
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Golgi 19 20133 Milano Italy
- Chemistry Department; Faculty of Science; Alexandria University; P.O. 426 Ibrahemia 21321 Alexandria Egypt
| | - Francesco Ferretti
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Golgi 19 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Fabio Ragaini
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Golgi 19 20133 Milano Italy
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Funabiki K, Hayakawa A, Inuzuka T. Convenient, functional group-tolerant, transition metal-free synthesis of aryl and heteroaryl trifluoromethyl ketones with the use of methyl trifluoroacetate. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:913-918. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02862h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new convenient, functional group-tolerant, transition metal-free route to aryl trifluoromethyl ketones under mild conditions is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumasa Funabiki
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science
- Gifu University
- Gifu 501-1193
- Japan
| | - Ayaka Hayakawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science
- Gifu University
- Gifu 501-1193
- Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Inuzuka
- Division of Instrumental Analysis
- Life Science Research Center
- Gifu University
- Gifu 501-1193
- Japan
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8
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Indazoles: Synthesis and Bond-Forming Heterocyclization. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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9
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Wiethan C, Lavoie CM, Borzenko A, Clark JSK, Bonacorso HG, Stradiotto M. Ni and Cu-catalyzed one pot synthesis of unsymmetrical 1,3-di(hetero)aryl-1H-indazoles from hydrazine, o-chloro (hetero)benzophenones, and (hetero)aryl bromides. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:5062-5069. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00841d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new nickel-catalyzed cyclization of ortho-chlorobenzophenone hydrazones, to afford 3-aryl-1H-indazoles, is applied in a one-pot synthesis of 1,3-diaryl-1H-indazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carson Wiethan
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
- 97105-900 Santa Maria
- Brazil
| | | | - Andrey Borzenko
- Department of Chemistry
- Dalhousie University
- Halifax
- B3H 4R2 Canada
| | | | - Helio G. Bonacorso
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
- 97105-900 Santa Maria
- Brazil
| | - Mark Stradiotto
- Department of Chemistry
- Dalhousie University
- Halifax
- B3H 4R2 Canada
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Sun L, Nie J, Zheng Y, Ma JA. [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of arynes with CF 3 CHN 2 : Access to 3-trifluoromethyl-1 H -indazoles. J Fluor Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Kashiwa M, Sonoda M, Tanimori S. Facile Access to 1H-Indazoles through Iodobenzene-Catalyzed C-H Amination under Mild, Transition-Metal-Free Conditions. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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12
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Paul S, Panda S, Manna D. Mild method for the synthesis of 1H-indazoles through oxime-phosphonium ion intermediate. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Thomé I, Besson C, Kleine T, Bolm C. Base-catalyzed synthesis of substituted indazoles under mild, transition-metal-free conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:7509-13. [PMID: 23740864 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201300917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Back to basics: A transition-metal-free method developed for the synthesis of indazoles involves an inexpensive catalytic system composed of a diamine and K2CO3. Various (Z)-2-bromoacetophenone tosylhydrazones were converted into indazoles at room temperature in excellent yields (see example; Ts = p-toluenesulfonyl). The yield was improved by photoisomerization with UV light when E/Z isomeric mixtures of the starting material were used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Thomé
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056 Aachen, Germany
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Thomé I, Besson C, Kleine T, Bolm C. Base-Catalyzed Synthesis of Substituted Indazoles under Mild, Transition-Metal-Free Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201300917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Evans LE, Cheeseman MD, Jones K. N-N bond-forming cyclization for the one-pot synthesis of N-aryl[3,4-d]pyrazolopyrimidines. Org Lett 2012; 14:3546-9. [PMID: 22734502 PMCID: PMC3390909 DOI: 10.1021/ol301561a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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An efficient one-pot synthesis of N-aryl[3,4-d]pyrazolopyrimidines in good yield and under mild reaction conditions is described. By exploiting electron-deficient hydroxylamines, the substituted oxime products were formed with very high E-diastereoselectivity. The key step utilizes a cyclization reaction upon an oxime derived from hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid to form the N–N bond of the product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay E Evans
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
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Silva VLM, Silva AMS, Pinto DCGA, Elguero J, Cavaleiro JAS. Synthesis of New 1H-Indazoles through Diels-Alder Transformations of 4-Styrylpyrazoles under Microwave Irradiation Conditions. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200900513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Penoni A, Palmisano G, Zhao YL, Houk KN, Volkman J, Nicholas KM. On the mechanism of nitrosoarene-alkyne cycloaddition. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:653-61. [PMID: 19093864 DOI: 10.1021/ja806715u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The thermal reaction between nitrosoarenes and alkynes produces N-hydroxyindoles as the major products. The mechanism of these novel reactions has been probed using a combination of experimental and computational methods. The reaction of nitrosobenzene (NB) with an excess of phenyl acetylene (PA) is determined to be first order in each reactant in benzene at 75 degrees C. The reaction rates have been determined for reactions between phenyl acetylene with a set of p-substituted nitrosoarenes, 4-X-C(6)H(4)NO, and of 4-O(2)N-C(6)H(4)NO with a set of p-substituted arylalkynes, 4-Y-C(6)H(4)C[triple bond]CH. The former reactions are accelerated by electron-withdrawing X groups (rho = +0.4), while the latter are faster with electron-donating Y groups (rho = -0.9). The kinetic isotope effect for the reaction of C(6)H(5)NO/C(6)D(5)NO with PhC[triple bond]CH is found to be 1.1 (+/-0.1) while that between PhC[triple bond]CH/PhC[triple bond]CD with PhNO is also 1.1 (+/-0.1). The reaction between nitrosobenzene and the radical clock probe cyclopropylacetylene affords 3-cyclopropyl indole in low yield. In addition to 3-carbomethoxy-N-hydroxyindole, the reaction between PA and o-carbomethoxy-nitrosobenzene also affords a tricyclic indole derivative, 3, likely derived from trapping of an intermediate indoline nitrone with PA and subsequent rearrangement. Computational studies of the reaction mechanism were carried out with density functional theory at the (U)B3LYP/6-31+G(d) level. The lowest energy pathway of the reaction of PhNO with alkynes was found to be stepwise; the N-C bond between nitrosoarene and acetylene is formed first, the resulting vinyl diradical undergoes cis-trans isomerization, and then the C-C bond forms. Conjugating substituents Z on the alkyne, Z-C[triple bond]CH, lower the calculated (and observed) activation barrier, Z = -H (19 kcal/mol), -Ph (15.8 kcal/mol), and -C(O)H (13 kcal/mol). The regioselectivity of the reaction, with formation of the 3-substituted indole, was reproduced by the calculations of PhNO + PhC[triple bond]CH; the rate-limiting step for formation of the 2-substituted indole is higher in energy by 11.6 kcal/mol. The effects of -NO(2), -CN, -Cl, -Br, -Me, and -OMe substituents were computed for the reactions of p-X-C(6)H(4)NO with PhC[triple bond]CH and of PhNO and/or p-NO(2)-C(6)H(4)NO with p-Y-C(6)H(4)C[triple bond]CH. The activation energies for the set of p-X-C(6)H(4)NO vary by 4.3 kcal/mol and follow the trend found experimentally, with electron-withdrawing X groups accelerating the reactions. The range of barriers for the p-Y-C(6)H(4)C[triple bond]CH reactions is smaller, about 1.5 and 1.8 kcal/mol in the cases of PhNO and p-NO(2)-PhNO, respectively. In agreement with the experiments, electron-donating Y groups on the alkyne accelerate the reactions with p-NO(2)-C(6)H(4)NO, while both ED and EW groups are predicted to facilitate the reaction. The calculated kinetic isotope effect for the reaction of C(6)H(5)NO/C(6)D(5)NO with PhC[triple bond]CH is negligible (as found experimentally) while that for PhC[triple bond]CH/PhC[triple bond]CD with PhNO (0.7) differs somewhat from the experiment (1.1). Taken together the experimental and computational results point to the operation of a stepwise diradical cycloaddition, with rate-limiting N-C bond formation and rapid C-C connection to form a bicyclic cyclohexadienyl-N-oxyl diradical, followed by fast tautomerization to the N-hydroxyindole product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Penoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche ed Ambientali, Universita degli Studi dell'Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100, Como, Italy
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schmidt
- Clausthal University of Technology, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leibnizstrasse 6, 38678 Clausthal‐Zellerfeld, Germany, Fax: +49‐5323‐722858
| | - Ariane Beutler
- Clausthal University of Technology, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leibnizstrasse 6, 38678 Clausthal‐Zellerfeld, Germany, Fax: +49‐5323‐722858
| | - Bohdan Snovydovych
- Clausthal University of Technology, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leibnizstrasse 6, 38678 Clausthal‐Zellerfeld, Germany, Fax: +49‐5323‐722858
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Counceller CM, Eichman CC, Wray BC, Stambuli JP. A Practical, Metal-Free Synthesis of 1H-Indazoles. Org Lett 2008; 10:1021-3. [PMID: 18229936 DOI: 10.1021/ol800053f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carla M. Counceller
- Evans Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Chad C. Eichman
- Evans Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Brenda C. Wray
- Evans Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - James P. Stambuli
- Evans Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210
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M. El-Abadelah M, A. Zahra J, A. Abu Thaher B, Laufer S, Boese R. Facile Synthesis of Model Indazolo[2,1-c][1,3,4]benzotriazepine-5,13-diones. HETEROCYCLES 2008. [DOI: 10.3987/com-08-11464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Inamoto K, Katsuno M, Yoshino T, Arai Y, Hiroya K, Sakamoto T. Synthesis of 3-substituted indazoles and benzoisoxazoles via Pd-catalyzed cyclization reactions: application to the synthesis of nigellicine. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Teichert J, Oulié P, Jacob K, Vendier L, Etienne M, Claramunt RM, López C, Pérez Medina C, Alkorta I, Elguero J. The structure of fluorinated indazoles: the effect of the replacement of a H by a F atom on the supramolecular structure of NH-indazoles. NEW J CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.1039/b617988f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Five-membered ring systems: with more than one N atom. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-6380(05)80330-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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