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Jamtsho T, Loukas A, Wangchuk P. Pharmaceutical Potential of Remedial Plants and Helminths for Treating Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:819. [PMID: 39065669 PMCID: PMC11279646 DOI: 10.3390/ph17070819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Research is increasingly revealing that inflammation significantly contributes to various diseases, particularly inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). IBD is a major medical challenge due to its chronic nature, affecting at least one in a thousand individuals in many Western countries, with rising incidence in developing nations. Historically, indigenous people have used natural products to treat ailments, including IBD. Ethnobotanically guided studies have shown that plant-derived extracts and compounds effectively modulate immune responses and reduce inflammation. Similarly, helminths and their products offer unique mechanisms to modulate host immunity and alleviate inflammatory responses. This review explored the pharmaceutical potential of Aboriginal remedial plants and helminths for treating IBD, emphasizing recent advances in discovering anti-inflammatory small-molecule drug leads. The literature from Scopus, MEDLINE Ovid, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science was retrieved using keywords such as natural product, small molecule, cytokines, remedial plants, and helminths. This review identified 55 important Aboriginal medicinal plants and 9 helminth species that have been studied for their anti-inflammatory properties using animal models and in vitro cell assays. For example, curcumin, berberine, and triptolide, which have been isolated from plants; and the excretory-secretory products and their protein, which have been collected from helminths, have demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity with lower toxicity and fewer side effects. High-throughput screening, molecular docking, artificial intelligence, and machine learning have been engaged in compound identification, while clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) gene editing and RNA sequencing have been employed to understand molecular interactions and regulations. While there is potential for pharmaceutical application of Aboriginal medicinal plants and gastrointestinal parasites in treating IBD, there is an urgent need to qualify these plant and helminth therapies through reproducible clinical and mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tenzin Jamtsho
- College of Public Health, Medical, and Veterinary Sciences (CPHMVS), Cairns Campus, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), Cairns Campus, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia;
| | - Alex Loukas
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), Cairns Campus, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia;
| | - Phurpa Wangchuk
- College of Public Health, Medical, and Veterinary Sciences (CPHMVS), Cairns Campus, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), Cairns Campus, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia;
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Dong K, Zhao YL, Jin XL, Liu Q. Indole-Fused Benzoxepine Synthesis via Visible-Light-Driven Aerobic Dehydrogenative [5 + 2] Annulation. Org Lett 2023; 25:8258-8262. [PMID: 37955358 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
A photocatalyzed oxidative dehydrogenative annulation between 2-(1H-indol-2-yl)phenols and alkenylphenols is presented. Various indole-fused benzoxepines can be obtained at room temperature using atom-efficient strategies. This method not only avoids the use of stoichiometric amounts of oxidants but also exhibits excellent atom economy by generating H2O as the only theoretical byproduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yi-Lin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Fan M, Zou L, Tian K, Chen G, Cheng K, Li Y. Chemistry, bioactivity, biosynthesis, and total synthesis of stemmadenine alkaloids. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:1022-1044. [PMID: 36728407 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00052k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Covering: up to July 2022Stemmadenine alkaloids are a restrictive sub-group of monoterpene indole alkaloids, represented by two congeners: stemmadenine and vallesamine. Their skeleton is defined by the cleavage of the C-3-C-7 bond of the Strychnos group's pentacyclic scaffold in monoterpene indole alkaloids. The parent alkaloid stemmadenine acts as a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of several major monoterpene indole alkaloid families, including regular Strychnos alkaloids, Aspidosperma alkaloids, and Iboga alkaloids. In this review, a complete coverage of the stemmadenine alkaloids, from the early reports till the present day at 2022, are presented, and their diverse biological activities are briefly described. Moreover, the biosynthetic proposal for stemmadenine and the proposed biogenetic conversion of stemmadenine-type alkaloids into vallesamine-type congeners are discussed in detail. Moreover, the successful synthetic strategies to access the strained stemmadenine scaffolds are fully reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Fan
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liangbang Zou
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kaidi Tian
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guoqing Chen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kai Cheng
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong Li
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, People's Republic of China.
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Yeshi K, Turpin G, Jamtsho T, Wangchuk P. Indigenous Uses, Phytochemical Analysis, and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Australian Tropical Medicinal Plants. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123849. [PMID: 35744969 PMCID: PMC9231311 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Australian tropical plants have been a rich source of food (bush food) and medicine to the first Australians (Aboriginal people), who are believed to have lived for more than 50,000 years. Plants such as spreading sneezeweed (Centipeda minima), goat’s foot (Ipomoea pes-caprae), and hop bush (Dodonaea viscosa and D. polyandra) are a few popular Aboriginal medicinal plants. Thus far, more than 900 medicinal plants have been recorded in the tropical region alone, and many of them are associated with diverse ethnomedicinal uses that belong to the traditional owners of Aboriginal people. In our effort to find anti-inflammatory lead compounds in collaboration with Aboriginal communities from their medicinal plants, we reviewed 78 medicinal plants used against various inflammation and inflammatory-related conditions by Aboriginal people. Out of those 78 species, we have included only 45 species whose crude extracts or isolated pure compounds showed anti-inflammatory properties. Upon investigating compounds isolated from 40 species (for five species, only crude extracts were studied), 83 compounds were associated with various anti-inflammatory properties. Alphitolic acid, Betulinic acid, Malabaric acid, and Hispidulin reduced proinflammatory cytokines and cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1 and 2) with IC50 values ranging from 11.5 to 46.9 uM. Other promising anti-inflammatory compounds are Brevilin A (from Centipeda minima), Eupalestin, and 5′-methoxy nobiletin (from Ageratum conyzoides), Calophyllolide (from Calophyllum inophyllum), and Brusatol (from Brucea javanica). D. polyandra is one example of an Aboriginal medicinal plant from which a novel anti-inflammatory benzoyl ester clerodane diterpenoid compound was obtained (compound name not disclosed), and it is in the development of topical medicines for inflammatory skin diseases. Medicinal plants in the tropics and those associated with indigenous knowledge of Aboriginal people could be a potential alternative source of novel anti-inflammatory therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karma Yeshi
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Building E4, McGregor Rd, Smithfield, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Gerry Turpin
- Tropical Herbarium of Australia, James Cook University, Building E1, McGregor Rd, Smithfield, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia;
| | - Tenzin Jamtsho
- Yangchenphug High School, Ministry of Education, Thimphu 11001, Bhutan;
| | - Phurpa Wangchuk
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Building E4, McGregor Rd, Smithfield, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia;
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Li YJ, Li J, Xie L, Zhou JY, Li QX, Yang RY, Liu YP, Fu YH. Monoterpenoid indole alkaloids with potential neuroprotective activities from the stems and leaves of Melodinus cochinchinensis. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:5181-5188. [PMID: 33960216 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1922406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A chemical study on the stems and leaves of Melodinus cochinchinensis resulted in the isolation and identification of a new monoterpenoid indole alkaloid, melodicochine A (1), together with seven known monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (2-8). The chemical structure of 1 was elucidated on the basis of extensive spectral data analyses and the known compounds were identified by comparing their experimental spectral data with the reported data in the literature. All isolated indole alkaloids were evaluated for their neuroprotective effects against 6-hydroxydopamine induced cell death in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells in vitro. Monoterpenoid indole alkaloids 1-8 exhibited notable neuroprotective effects with EC50 values in range of 0.72 ± 0.06 to 17.89 ± 0.16 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, P. R. China.,College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center for Industrialization of Southern Medicinal Plants Resources of Hainan Province, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Plants Resources of Haikou City, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Tropical Fruit and Vegetable of Haikou City, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, P. R. China
| | - Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center for Industrialization of Southern Medicinal Plants Resources of Hainan Province, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Plants Resources of Haikou City, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Tropical Fruit and Vegetable of Haikou City, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, P. R. China
| | - Lan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center for Industrialization of Southern Medicinal Plants Resources of Hainan Province, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Plants Resources of Haikou City, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Tropical Fruit and Vegetable of Haikou City, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Yu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center for Industrialization of Southern Medicinal Plants Resources of Hainan Province, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Plants Resources of Haikou City, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Tropical Fruit and Vegetable of Haikou City, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, P. R. China
| | - Qiu-Xuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center for Industrialization of Southern Medicinal Plants Resources of Hainan Province, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Plants Resources of Haikou City, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Tropical Fruit and Vegetable of Haikou City, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, P. R. China
| | - Rui-Yuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center for Industrialization of Southern Medicinal Plants Resources of Hainan Province, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Plants Resources of Haikou City, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Tropical Fruit and Vegetable of Haikou City, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Ping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center for Industrialization of Southern Medicinal Plants Resources of Hainan Province, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Plants Resources of Haikou City, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Tropical Fruit and Vegetable of Haikou City, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Hui Fu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, P. R. China.,College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center for Industrialization of Southern Medicinal Plants Resources of Hainan Province, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Plants Resources of Haikou City, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Tropical Fruit and Vegetable of Haikou City, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, P. R. China
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Discovery of natural anti-inflammatory alkaloids: Potential leads for the drug discovery for the treatment of inflammation. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 213:113165. [PMID: 33454546 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is an adaptive response of the immune system to tissue malfunction or homeostatic imbalance. Corticosteroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are frequently applied to treat varieties of inflammatory diseases but are associated with gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and kidney side effects. Developing more effective and less toxic agents remain a challenge for pharmaceutical chemist due to the complexity of the different inflammatory processes. Alkaloids are widely distributed in plants with diverse anti-inflammatory activities, providing various potential lead compounds or candidates for the design and discovery of new anti-inflammatory drug candidates. Therefore, re-examining the anti-inflammatory alkaloid natural products is advisable, bringing more opportunities. In this review, we summarized and described the recent advances of natural alkaloids with anti-inflammatory activities and possible mechanisms in the period from 2009 to 2020. It is hoped that this review of anti-inflammatory alkaloids can provide new ideas for researchers engaged in the related fields and potential lead compounds for the discovery of anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Hua LP, Zhang YQ, Ye M, Xu W, Wang XY, Fu YH, Xu W. A new polyoxygenated abietane diterpenoid from the rattans of Bauhinia championii (Benth.) Benth. Nat Prod Res 2018; 32:2577-2582. [PMID: 29350072 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1428594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A new polyoxygenated abietane diterpenoid, bauchampine A (1), together with seven known compounds (2-8), were isolated from the rattans of Bauhinia championii (Benth.) Benth. The structure of 1 was elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods and the known compounds were identified by comparison with the data reported in the literature. New compound 1 was evaluated for its anti-rheumatoid arthritis activity via examining its anti-proliferative effect on synoviocytes in vitro. Compound 1 exhibited inhibitory effect on the proliferation of synoviocytes with IC50 value comparable to that of methotrexate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Hua
- a College of Pharmacy , Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Fuzhou , P. R. China
| | - Yu-Qin Zhang
- a College of Pharmacy , Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Fuzhou , P. R. China
| | - Miao Ye
- a College of Pharmacy , Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Fuzhou , P. R. China
| | - Wen Xu
- a College of Pharmacy , Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Fuzhou , P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ying Wang
- a College of Pharmacy , Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Fuzhou , P. R. China
| | - Yan-Hui Fu
- a College of Pharmacy , Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Fuzhou , P. R. China.,b Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Ministry of Education , Hainan Normal University , Haikou , P. R. China.,c Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Plants Resources of Haikou City , Hainan Normal University , Haikou , P. R. China
| | - Wei Xu
- a College of Pharmacy , Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Fuzhou , P. R. China
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