1
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Babu SA, A A, Mohan M, Paul N, Mathew J, John J. Tandem Reactions of Electrophilic Indoles toward Indolizines and Their Subsequent Transformations through Pd(II)-Mediated C-H Functionalization to Access Polyring-Fused N-Heterocycles. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:16196-16206. [PMID: 38617644 PMCID: PMC11007710 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
A simple and efficient synthetic approach for generating a library of structurally novel indolizines has been developed via sequential 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition-ring opening processes. Using this methodology, a series of indolizines bearing different substituents were made in moderate to good yields. The presence of two functionalizable C-H bonds in these indolizine motifs makes them attractive for accessing fused indolizine scaffolds. In this line, we have introduced palladium-mediated site-selective C-H functionalizations, where the N-center and the two C-H centers of the indolizine moiety can be readily functionalized to generate fused N-heterocycles. Utilizing a Pd-mediated dual C-H activation of 5-benzoyl-substituted indolizine afforded 6H-indeno-indolizine, and a tetracene, viz., indolizino[2,1-b]indoles, was produced in the same substrate by the Pd-catalyzed selective C-H amination in the presence of oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheba Ann Babu
- Chemical
Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National
Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Aparna A
- Chemical
Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National
Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
| | - Malavika Mohan
- Chemical
Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National
Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
| | - Namitha Paul
- Chemical
Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National
Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
| | - Jomon Mathew
- Research
and Post-Graduate Department of Chemistry, St. Joseph’s College, Devagiri, Calicut 673008, India
| | - Jubi John
- Chemical
Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National
Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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2
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Sun Q, Eitzinger A, Esken R, Antoni PW, Mayer RJ, Ofial AR, Hansmann MM. Pyridinium-Derived Mesoionic N-Heterocyclic Olefins (py-mNHOs). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318283. [PMID: 38153170 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Mesoionic polarization allows access to electron-rich olefins that have found application as organocatalysts, ligands, or nucleophiles. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of a series of 3-methylpyridinium-derived mesoionic olefins (py-mNHOs). We used a DFT-supported design concept, which showed that the introduction of aryl groups in the 1-, 2-, 4-, and 6-positions of the heterocyclic core allowed the kinetic stabilization of the novel mesoionic compounds. Tolman electronic parameters indicate that py-mNHOs are remarkably strong σ-donor ligands toward transition metals and main group Lewis acids. Additionally, they are among the strongest nucleophiles on the Mayr reactivity scale. In reactions of py-mNHOs with electron-poor π-systems, a gradual transition from the formation of zwitterionic adducts via stepwise to concerted 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions was observed experimentally and analyzed by quantum-chemical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Sun
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andreas Eitzinger
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13 (Haus F), 81377, München, Germany
| | - Robin Esken
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Patrick W Antoni
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Robert J Mayer
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), CNRS UMR 7006, Université de Strasbourg, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Armin R Ofial
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13 (Haus F), 81377, München, Germany
| | - Max M Hansmann
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
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3
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Escolano M, Gaviña D, Alzuet-Piña G, Díaz-Oltra S, Sánchez-Roselló M, Pozo CD. Recent Strategies in the Nucleophilic Dearomatization of Pyridines, Quinolines, and Isoquinolines. Chem Rev 2024; 124:1122-1246. [PMID: 38166390 PMCID: PMC10902862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Dearomatization reactions have become fundamental chemical transformations in organic synthesis since they allow for the generation of three-dimensional complexity from two-dimensional precursors, bridging arene feedstocks with alicyclic structures. When those processes are applied to pyridines, quinolines, and isoquinolines, partially or fully saturated nitrogen heterocycles are formed, which are among the most significant structural components of pharmaceuticals and natural products. The inherent challenge of those transformations lies in the low reactivity of heteroaromatic substrates, which makes the dearomatization process thermodynamically unfavorable. Usually, connecting the dearomatization event to the irreversible formation of a strong C-C, C-H, or C-heteroatom bond compensates the energy required to disrupt the aromaticity. This aromaticity breakup normally results in a 1,2- or 1,4-functionalization of the heterocycle. Moreover, the combination of these dearomatization processes with subsequent transformations in tandem or stepwise protocols allows for multiple heterocycle functionalizations, giving access to complex molecular skeletons. The aim of this review, which covers the period from 2016 to 2022, is to update the state of the art of nucleophilic dearomatizations of pyridines, quinolines, and isoquinolines, showing the extraordinary ability of the dearomative methodology in organic synthesis and indicating their limitations and future trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Escolano
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniel Gaviña
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gloria Alzuet-Piña
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Santiago Díaz-Oltra
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Sánchez-Roselló
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Del Pozo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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4
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Ban K, Imai K, Oyama S, Tokunaga J, Ikeda Y, Uchiyama H, Kadota K, Tozuka Y, Akai S, Sawama Y. Sulfonium Salt Reagents for the Introduction of Deuterated Alkyl Groups in Drug Discovery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311058. [PMID: 37726202 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of pharmaceutical drugs can be improved by replacing C-H bonds with the more stable C-D bonds at the α-position to heteroatoms, which is a typical metabolic site for cytochrome P450 enzymes. However, the application of deuterated synthons is limited. Herein, we established a novel concept for preparing deuterated reagents for the successful synthesis of complex drug skeletons with deuterium atoms at the α-position to heteroatoms. (dn -Alkyl)diphenylsulfonium salts prepared from the corresponding nondeuterated forms using inexpensive and abundant D2 O as the deuterium source with a base, were used as electrophilic alkylating reagents. Additionally, these deuterated sulfonium salts were efficiently transformed into dn -alkyl halides and a dn -alkyl azide as coupling reagents and a dn -alkyl amine as a nucleophile. Furthermore, liver microsomal metabolism studies revealed deuterium kinetic isotope effects (KIE) in 7-(d2 -ethoxy)flavone. The present concept for the synthesis of deuterated reagents and the first demonstration of a KIE in a d2 -ethoxy group will contribute to drug discovery research based on deuterium chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuho Ban
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Keisuke Imai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shuki Oyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jin Tokunaga
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yui Ikeda
- Department of Formulation Design and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Uchiyama
- Department of Formulation Design and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kadota
- Department of Formulation Design and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan
| | - Yuichi Tozuka
- Department of Formulation Design and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan
| | - Shuji Akai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Sawama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Deuterium Science Research Unit, Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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5
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He XL, Wen YW, Li H, Qian S, He M, Song Q, Wang Z. Diastereoselective Synthesis of Dihydrobenzofuran-Fused Spiroindolizidines via Double-Dearomative [3 + 2] Cycloadditions. J Org Chem 2023; 88:493-503. [PMID: 36550408 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Spiroindolizidine oxindoles represent a kind of privileged scaffold in many biologically active natural alkaloids. 2,3-Dihydrobenzofuran derivatives exhibit significant bioactivities in a variety of pharmaceuticals. Herein, we assembled these two privileged fragments into a small molecule via double-dearomative [3 + 2] cycloadditions with pyridinium ylides and 2-nitrobenzofurans. This protocol features remarkable advantages including wide substrate scope, mild condition, high level of diastereoselectivities and yields. Thus, a collection of spiroindolizidine-fused dihydrobenzofurans/indolines were facilely produced efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Long He
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, P. R. China.,Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiral Technology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Research and Application of Small Organic Chiral Molecules Key Laboratory of Yibin City, Department of Chemistry, Xihua University, Yibin 644004, China
| | - You-Wu Wen
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, P. R. China
| | - Hechen Li
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, P. R. China
| | - Shan Qian
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, P. R. China.,Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiral Technology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Research and Application of Small Organic Chiral Molecules Key Laboratory of Yibin City, Department of Chemistry, Xihua University, Yibin 644004, China
| | - Mengyang He
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Qiao Song
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, P. R. China
| | - Zhouyu Wang
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, P. R. China.,Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiral Technology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Research and Application of Small Organic Chiral Molecules Key Laboratory of Yibin City, Department of Chemistry, Xihua University, Yibin 644004, China
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6
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Săcărescu L, Dascălu M, Chibac-Scutaru AL, Roman G. Synthesis, structural characterization, photophysical study and investigation as fluorescent sensor towards metal ions of 1,2,3-triazole–azaindene hybrids. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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7
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Alizadeh A, Rostampoor A. A Convenient Synthesis of Polysubstituted Coumarin‐pyrrolo[2,1‐
a
]isoquinoline‐1‐carbaldehydes from Isoquinoline, 2‐Bromoacetophenones and Coumarin‐β‐chlorovinyl Aldehydes. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdolali Alizadeh
- Department of Chemistry Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175 Tehran Iran
| | - Azar Rostampoor
- Department of Chemistry Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175 Tehran Iran
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8
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Sar S, Guha S, Prabakar T, Maiti D, Sen S. Blue Light-Emitting Diode-Mediated In Situ Generation of Pyridinium and Isoquinolinium Ylides from Aryl Diazoesters: Their Application in the Synthesis of Diverse Dihydroindolizine. J Org Chem 2021; 86:11736-11747. [PMID: 34369766 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Blue light-emitting diode-mediated environmentally sustainable three component reactions among pyridine/isoquinoline 1/2, aryl diazoesters 3, and acrylic ester/3-alkenyl oxindoles 5/6 provide various dihydroindolizines 7 to 9 in excellent yield. The principle of the strategy is photolytic generation of nitrogen ylides from N-heteroarenes and aryl diazoesters and their subsequent [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction with dipolarophiles. Detailed mechanistic analysis of the transformation through control experiments establishes this strategy as the foundation for the photolytic multicomponent reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saibal Sar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University Dadri, Chithera, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Souvik Guha
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University Dadri, Chithera, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Tejas Prabakar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University Dadri, Chithera, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Debajit Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University Dadri, Chithera, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Subhabrata Sen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University Dadri, Chithera, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
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9
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Photocatalyst-controlled and visible light-enabled selective oxidation of pyridinium salts. Sci China Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-020-9958-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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10
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Zhang JQ, Hu D, Song J, Ren H. [3 + 2]-Annulation of gem-Difluoroalkenes and Pyridinium Ylides: Access to Functionalized 2-Fluoroindolizines. J Org Chem 2021; 86:4646-4660. [PMID: 33683121 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c03041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A [3 + 2]-annulation of gem-difluoroalkenes and pyridinium ylides was developed employing ambient air as the sole oxidant in an open-vessel manner, affording a series of multifunctionalized 2-fluoroindolizines in moderate to good yields. In this reaction, gem-difluoroalkene acts as a C2 synthon and entirely avoids the competitive addition-elimination process, which provides facile access to 2-fluoroindolizines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Qi Zhang
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Taizhou 318000, P.R. China
| | - Dandan Hu
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Taizhou 318000, P.R. China
| | - Jinyu Song
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Taizhou 318000, P.R. China
| | - Hongjun Ren
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Taizhou 318000, P.R. China
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11
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Babu SA, A R R, P R N, Omanakuttan VK, P R, Varughese S, John J. Unprecedented access to functionalized pyrrolo[2,1- a]isoquinolines from the domino reaction of isoquinolinium ylides and electrophilic benzannulated heterocycles. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:1807-1817. [PMID: 33565537 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00005e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have come across an unexpected reaction between electrophilic indoles and isoquinolinium methylides for accessing functionalized pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines. The reaction was found in general to yield the products in good yields. We also observed the formation of S-S-bridged bis-pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines from the reaction of 3-nitro benzothiophene and isoquinolinium methylides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheba Ann Babu
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Rajalekshmi A R
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India.
| | - Nitha P R
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Vishnu K Omanakuttan
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Rahul P
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Sunil Varughese
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Jubi John
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
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12
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Mayer RJ, Allihn PWA, Hampel N, Mayer P, Sieber SA, Ofial AR. Electrophilic reactivities of cyclic enones and α,β-unsaturated lactones. Chem Sci 2021; 12:4850-4865. [PMID: 34163736 PMCID: PMC8179571 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06628a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The reactivities of cyclic enones and α,β-unsaturated lactones were characterized by following the kinetics of their reactions with colored carbon-centered reference nucleophiles in DMSO at 20 °C. The experimentally determined second-order rate constants k2 were analyzed with the Mayr–Patz equation, lg k = sN(N + E), to furnish the electrophilicity descriptors E for the Michael acceptors. Cyclic enones and lactones show different reactivity trends than their acyclic analogs. While cyclization reduces the reactivity of enones slightly, α,β-unsaturated lactones are significantly more reactive Michael acceptors than analogously substituted open-chain esters. The observed reactivity trends were rationalized through quantum-chemically calculated Gibbs energy profiles (at the SMD(DMSO)/M06-2X/6-31+G(d,p) level of theory) and distortion interaction analysis for the reactions of the cyclic Michael acceptors with a sulfonium ylide. The electrophilicities of simplified electrophilic fragments reflect the general reactivity pattern of structurally more complex terpene-derived cyclic enones and sesquiterpene lactones, such as parthenolide. Different reactivity trends for cyclic and acyclic Michael acceptors were found within the framework of Mayr's experimental reactivity scales and analyzed through quantum-chemical studies.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Mayer
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Patrick W A Allihn
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Nathalie Hampel
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Peter Mayer
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Stephan A Sieber
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Armin R Ofial
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 München Germany
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13
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Jin S, Wang L, Han H, Liu X, Bu Z, Wang Q. Assembly of functionalized π-extended indolizine polycycles through dearomative [3+2] cycloaddition/oxidative decarbonylation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:359-362. [PMID: 33319883 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07116a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Reported herein is an unexpected construction of functionalized π-extended indolizine polycycles through a one-pot two-step cascade process comprising the base-promoted dearomative [3+2] cycloaddition of quinilinium salts and 3-alkenyl oxindoles, followed by a DDQ-mediated oxidative decarbonylation. Moreover, we could achieve the substrate-controlled diverse synthesis of structurally strained cyclopropane spirooxindole by using pyridinium salts as starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojing Jin
- Institute of Functional Organic Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
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14
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Xu FS, Yan C, Sun J, Yan CG. Efficient synthesis of tetra- and penta-substituted benzenes via a domino annulation reaction of a pyridinium ylide and chalcone o-enolate. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj03772b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A very simple and highly efficient protocol for synthesizing tetra- and penta-substituted benzene derivatives has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Shun Xu
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Chen Yan
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Chao-Guo Yan
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
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15
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He XL, Wang C, Wen YW, Zhao YB, Yang H, Qian S, Yang L, Wang Z. Highly stereoselective dearomative [3 + 2] cycloadditon of cyclic pyridinium ylides to access spiro-indolizidine scaffolds. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00886b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A novel type of pyridinium salt bearing a EWG on the pyridine was developed as an efficient pyridinium ylide precursor in the [3 + 2] cycloaddition with nitroolefins to construct various spiro-indolizidine scaffolds via a dearomative pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Long He
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - You-Wu Wen
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Yi-Bing Zhao
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Huan Yang
- The management commission of Yibin campus, Xihua University, Yibin 644000, China
| | - Shan Qian
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Lingling Yang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Zhouyu Wang
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
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16
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Regio- and diastereoselective synthesis of N-substituted 2-acyl-3-aryl-3,5-dihydrofuro[3,2-c]pyridin-4(2H)-ones. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-020-02832-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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17
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Im H, Choi W, Hong S. Photocatalytic Vicinal Aminopyridylation of Methyl Ketones by a Double Umpolung Strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:17511-17516. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Honggu Im
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjun Choi
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
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18
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Im H, Choi W, Hong S. Photocatalytic Vicinal Aminopyridylation of Methyl Ketones by a Double Umpolung Strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Honggu Im
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjun Choi
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
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19
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Funt LD, Novikov MS, Khlebnikov AF. New applications of pyridinium ylides toward heterocyclic synthesis. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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20
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Dong S, Fu X, Xu X. [3+2]‐Cycloaddition of Catalytically Generated Pyridinium Ylide: A General Access to Indolizine Derivatives. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shanliang Dong
- College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Xiang Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug DiscoverySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesSun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Xinfang Xu
- College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow University Suzhou 215123 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug DiscoverySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesSun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
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21
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Quan BX, Zhuo JR, Zhao JQ, Zhang ML, Zhou MQ, Zhang XM, Yuan WC. [4 + 1] annulation reaction of cyclic pyridinium ylides with in situ generated azoalkenes for the construction of spirocyclic skeletons. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:1886-1891. [PMID: 32104832 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02733e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Two new types of cyclic pyridinium ylides were designed and further used in reactions with azoalkenes to access structurally diverse spirocyclic compounds. A range of spiropyrazoline oxindoles could be smoothly obtained in up to 99% yield via a [4 + 1] annulation process with oxindole 3-pyridinium ylides as C1 synthons. Similarly, a series of spiropyrazoline indanones could be prepared with indanone 2-pyridinium ylides as C1 synthons. This work represents the first example of cyclic pyridinium ylides as C1 synthons for the efficient construction of spirocyclic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Xue Quan
- National Engineering Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jun-Rui Zhuo
- National Engineering Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Zhao
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China.
| | - Ming-Liang Zhang
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, 476000, China
| | - Ming-Qiang Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Xiao-Mei Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Wei-Cheng Yuan
- National Engineering Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China. and Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China.
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22
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Zhou K, Bao M, Huang J, Kang Z, Xu X, Hu W, Qian Y. Iron-catalyzed [3 + 2]-cycloaddition of in situ generated N-ylides with alkynes or olefins: access to multi-substituted/polycyclic pyrrole derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:409-414. [PMID: 31894231 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02571e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
An iron-catalyzed one-pot three-component reaction of 1-substituted benzimidazoles with diazoacetates and electron-deficient alkynes or alkenes has been reported. Mechanistically, the reaction goes through a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of catalytically generated benzimidazolium N-ylides with various activated alkynes or alkenes, leading to multi-substituted and polycyclic fused pyrrole derivatives, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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23
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Lee J, Ko D, Park H, Yoo EJ. Direct cyclopropanation of activated N-heteroarenes via site- and stereoselective dearomative reactions. Chem Sci 2020; 11:1672-1676. [PMID: 32206287 PMCID: PMC7069384 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc06369b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A divergent cyclopropanation reaction has been accomplished via the dearomative addition of sulfur ylides to activated N-heteroarenes.
A divergent cyclopropanation reaction has been accomplished via the dearomative addition of sulfur ylides to activated N-heteroarenes. A series of biologically significant molecular skeletons was obtained by the direct cyclopropanation of quinolinium zwitterions. Furthermore, a straightforward synthetic route to optically enriched cyclopropane-fused heterocycles was developed using sulfur ylides as chiral nucleophiles in the 1,4-dearomative reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoun Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry , Kyung Hee University , Yongin , 17104 , Republic of Korea .
| | - Donguk Ko
- Department of Applied Chemistry , Kyung Hee University , Yongin , 17104 , Republic of Korea .
| | - Hyunju Park
- Department of Applied Chemistry , Kyung Hee University , Yongin , 17104 , Republic of Korea .
| | - Eun Jeong Yoo
- Department of Applied Chemistry , Kyung Hee University , Yongin , 17104 , Republic of Korea .
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24
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Dong S, Huang J, Sha H, Qiu L, Hu W, Xu X. Copper-catalyzed formal [1 + 2 + 2]-annulation of alkyne-tethered diazoacetates and pyridines: access to polycyclic indolizines. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:1926-1932. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00222d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A copper-catalyzed formal [1 + 2 + 2]-annulation of alkyne-tethered diazo compounds with pyridines, which affords polycyclic fused indolizine derivatives with broad substrate generality, has been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanliang Dong
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
- China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Hongkai Sha
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Lihua Qiu
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
- China
| | - Wenhao Hu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Xinfang Xu
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
- China
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25
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Sun J, Zhang Y, Shi RG, Yan CG. Selective synthesis of spirooxindoles via a two-step reaction of N-phenacylpyridinium bromide, 1,3-indanedione and N-alkylisations. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:3978-3983. [PMID: 30942811 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00166b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The three-component reaction of 1,3-indanedione and N-alkylisatins with two molecular N-phenacylpyridinium salts in dry acetonitrile in the presence of triethylamine resulted in unique functionalized spiro[indoline-3,4'-naphtho[1,2-b]furan] derivatives in good yields, which were successfully converted to spiro[indoline-3,2'-naphthalen]-4'-yl acetate derivatives by acylation with acetyl chloride in methylene dichloride and alkoxy-substituted spiro[benzo[h]chromene-5,3'-indolines] by acid-catalyzed etherification reaction in alcohol. The reaction mechanism involved the sequential cycloaddition of the in situ-generated pyridinium ylide to dipolarophilic enone, ring-opening of 1,3-indanedione, and selective annulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China.
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26
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Liu D, Sun J, Zhang Y, Yan CG. Diastereoselective synthesis of spirocyclic isoxazolo[5,4-c]pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines via cascade double [3 + 2]cycloadditions. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:8008-8013. [PMID: 31414109 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01474h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The one-pot base-promoted cascade double [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of N-cyanomethylisoquinolinium chloride with (E)-3-arylideneindolin-2-ones and (E)-N-hydroxybenzimidoyl chloride afforded novel polycyclic spiro[indoline-3,8'-isoxazolo[5,4-c]pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines] in good yields and with high diastereoselectivity. When 4-arylidenepyrazol-3-ones, 2-arylidene-1,3-indanediones and arylidenemalononitriles were employed in the reaction, the corresponding spiro[isoxazolo[5,4-c]pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline-8,4'-pyrazole], spiro[indene-2,8'-isoxazolo[5,4-c]pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline], and isoxazolo[5,4-c]pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline derivatives were also prepared in good yields and with high diastereoselectivty. The relative configurations of the polycyclic spiro compounds were clearly elucidated by determination of fifteen single crystal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China.
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27
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Zhang YF, Duan WD, Chen J, Hu Y. Base-Promoted Cascade Reactions of 3-(1-Alkynyl)chromones with Pyridinium Ylides to Chromeno[2,3-d]azepine Derivatives. J Org Chem 2019; 84:4467-4472. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b03210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wen-Di Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Youhong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
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28
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Sun J, Jiang W, Yan CG. Convenient construction of dibenzo[b,d]furanes and 2,6-diaryl-4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)pyridines via domino reaction of pyridinium ylides with 2-aryl-3-nitrochromenes. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00079h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The DBU promoted domino annulation reaction of 2-aryl-3-nitrochromenes with two molecular 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)-1-phenacylpyridinium bromides in DMF resulted in unprecedented 1-benzoyl-2,4-diaryldibenzo[b,d]furane derivatives in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225002
- China
| | - Wang Jiang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225002
- China
| | - Chao-Guo Yan
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225002
- China
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29
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Abstract
Amongst nitrogen heterocycles of different ring sizes and oxidation statuses, dihydropyridines (DHP) occupy a prominent role due to their synthetic versatility and occurrence in medicinally relevant compounds. One of the most straightforward synthetic approaches to polysubstituted DHP derivatives is provided by nucleophilic dearomatization of readily assembled pyridines. In this article, we collect and summarize nucleophilic dearomatization reactions of - pyridines reported in the literature between 2010 and mid-2018, complementing and updating previous reviews published in the early 2010s dedicated to various aspects of pyridine chemistry. Since functionalization of the pyridine nitrogen, rendering a (transient) pyridinium ion, is usually required to render the pyridine nucleus sufficiently electrophilic to suffer the attack of a nucleophile, the material is organized according to the type of N-functionalization. A variety of nucleophilic species (organometallic reagents, enolates, heteroaromatics, umpoled aldehydes) can be productively engaged in pyridine dearomatization reactions, including catalytic asymmetric implementations, providing useful and efficient synthetic platforms to (enantioenriched) DHPs. Conversely, pyridine nitrogen functionalization can also lead to pyridinium ylides. These dipolar species can undergo a variety of dipolar cycloaddition reactions with electron-poor dipolarophiles, affording polycyclic frameworks and embedding a DHP moiety in their structures.
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30
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Synthesis and antimycobacterial activity of pyridinium compounds with sulfonylacetamide substituent in N-alkyl chain. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-018-2362-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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31
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Zhang D, Lin L, Yang J, Liu X, Feng X. Asymmetric Synthesis of Tetrahydroindolizines by Bimetallic Relay Catalyzed Cycloaddition of Pyridinium Ylides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201806630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology; Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Lili Lin
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology; Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Jian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology; Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology; Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology; Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064 China
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32
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Zhang D, Lin L, Yang J, Liu X, Feng X. Asymmetric Synthesis of Tetrahydroindolizines by Bimetallic Relay Catalyzed Cycloaddition of Pyridinium Ylides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:12323-12327. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology; Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Lili Lin
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology; Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Jian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology; Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology; Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology; Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064 China
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33
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Koronatov AN, Rostovskii NV, Khlebnikov AF, Novikov MS. Rh(II)-Catalyzed Ring Expansion of Pyrazoles with Diazocarbonyl Compounds as a Method for the Preparation of 1,2-Dihydropyrimidines. J Org Chem 2018; 83:9210-9219. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N. Koronatov
- St. Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Nikolai V. Rostovskii
- St. Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Alexander F. Khlebnikov
- St. Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Mikhail S. Novikov
- St. Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
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34
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New quinoline- and isoquinoline-based multicomponent methods for the synthesis of 1,1(3,3)-dicyanotetrahydrobenzoindolizines. Russ Chem Bull 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-018-2073-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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35
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Abstract
The use of readily accessible ammonium ylides for (asymmetric) transformations, especially cyclization reactions, has received considerable attention over the past two decades. A variety of highly enantioselective protocols to facilitate annulation reactions have recently been introduced as an alternative to other common methods including S-ylide-mediated strategies. It is the intention of this short review to provide an introduction to this field by highlighting the potential of ammonium ylides for (asymmetric) cyclization reactions as well as to present the limitations and challenges of these methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Roiser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenbergerstr. 69 4040 Linz (Austria)
| | - Katharina Zielke
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenbergerstr. 69 4040 Linz (Austria)
| | - Mario Waser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenbergerstr. 69 4040 Linz (Austria)
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36
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Shi RG, Sun J, Yan CG. Tandem Double [3 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions at Both C-1 and C-3 Atoms of N-Cyanomethylisoquinolinium Ylide. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:7820-7830. [PMID: 31457339 PMCID: PMC6645381 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The base-promoted cycloaddition reaction of N-cyanomethylisoquinolinium chloride with 2-arylidene-1,3-indanediones in dry tetrahydrofuran resulted in the expected spiro[indene-2,1'-pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline] derivatives. However, the triethylamine-promoted three-component reaction of N-cyanomethylisoquinolinium chloride, aromatic aldehydes, and two molecules of 1,3-indanediones in acetonitrile afforded unique spiro[benzo[f]imidazo[5,1,2-cd]indolizine-4,2'-indene] derivatives in satisfactory yields through tandem double [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions.
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37
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Allgäuer DS, Jangra H, Asahara H, Li Z, Chen Q, Zipse H, Ofial AR, Mayr H. Quantification and Theoretical Analysis of the Electrophilicities of Michael Acceptors. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:13318-13329. [PMID: 28921959 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b05106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In order to quantify the electrophilic reactivities of common Michael acceptors, we measured the kinetics of the reactions of monoacceptor-substituted ethylenes (H2C═CH-Acc, 1) and styrenes (PhCH═CH-Acc, 2) with pyridinium ylides 3, sulfonium ylide 4, and sulfonyl-substituted chloromethyl anion 5. Substitution of the 57 measured second-order rate constants (log k) and the previously reported nucleophile-specific parameters N and sN for 3-5 into the correlation log k = sN(E + N) allowed us to calculate 15 new empirical electrophilicity parameters E for Michael acceptors 1 and 2. The use of the same parameters sN, N, and E for these different types of reactions shows that all reactions proceed via a common rate-determining step, the nucleophilic attack of 3-5 at the Michael acceptors with formation of acyclic intermediates, which subsequently cyclize to give tetrahydroindolizines (stepwise 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions with 3) and cyclopropanes (with 4 and 5), respectively. The electrophilicity parameters E thus determined can be used to calculate the rates of the reactions of Michael acceptors 1 and 2 with any nucleophile of known N and sN. DFT calculations were performed to confirm the suggested reaction mechanisms and to elucidate the origin of the electrophilic reactivities. While electrophilicities E correlate poorly with the LUMO energies and with Parr's electrophilicity index ω, good correlations were found between the experimentally observed electrophilic reactivities of 44 Michael acceptors and their calculated methyl anion affinities, particularly when solvation by dimethyl sulfoxide was taken into account by applying the SMD continuum solvation model. Because of the large structural variety of Michael acceptors considered for these correlations, which cover a reactivity range of 17 orders of magnitude, we consider the calculation of methyl anion affinities to be the method of choice for a rapid estimate of electrophilic reactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik S Allgäuer
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Harish Jangra
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Haruyasu Asahara
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Zhen Li
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Quan Chen
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Hendrik Zipse
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Armin R Ofial
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Herbert Mayr
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
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38
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Chen R, Zhao Y, Sun H, Shao Y, Xu Y, Ma M, Ma L, Wan X. In Situ Generation of Quinolinium Ylides from Diazo Compounds: Copper-Catalyzed Synthesis of Indolizine. J Org Chem 2017; 82:9291-9304. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rongxiang Chen
- Key
Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry,
Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yanwei Zhao
- Key
Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry,
Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Hongmei Sun
- Key
Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry,
Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Ying Shao
- Key
Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry,
Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced
catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
| | - Yudong Xu
- Key
Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry,
Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Meihua Ma
- Key
Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry,
Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Liang Ma
- Key
Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry,
Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobing Wan
- Key
Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry,
Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
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39
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Liu R, Shi RG, Sun J, Yan CG. A [3 + 2]–[4 + 2]–[3 + 2] cycloaddition sequence of isoquinolinium ylide. Org Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6qo00615a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A unique [3 + 2]–[4 + 2]–[3 + 2] cycloaddition sequence of isoquinolinium ylide is investigated to afford polycyclic compounds with ten stereogenic centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruzhang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225002
- China
| | - Rong-Guo Shi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225002
- China
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225002
- China
| | - Chao-Guo Yan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225002
- China
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40
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Shen GL, Sun J, Yan CG. Construction of dispirocyclohexyl-3,3′-bisoxindole and dispirocyclopentyl-3,3′-bisoxindole via domino cycloaddition reactions of N-benzylbenzimidazolium salts with 2-(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)acetates. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra13760d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Two kinds of spirocyclic oxindoles were selectively synthesized from cycloaddition of N-benzyl-N-phenacylbenzimidazolium salts with two molecules of 2-(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)acetates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Liang Shen
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225002
- China
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225002
- China
| | - Chao-Guo Yan
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225002
- China
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41
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Pan X, Wang H, Xia HG, Wu J. An unexpected three-component reaction of 2-alkylenecyclobutanone and N′-(2-alkynylbenzylidene)hydrazide with water. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra17787a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A silver(i)-catalyzed three-component reaction of 2-alkylenecyclobutanone, N′-(2-alkynylbenzylidene)hydrazide with water gives rise to 3-(pyrazolo[5,1-a]isoquinolin-1-yl)propanoic acids in good yields through 6-endo cyclization, [3 + 2] cycloaddition, and rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Pan
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
| | - He Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
| | - Hong-Guang Xia
- Department of Cell Biology
- Harvard Medical School
- Boston
- USA
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
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42
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43
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Khlebnikov AF, Tomashenko OA, Funt LD, Novikov MS. A simple approach to pyrrolylimidazole derivatives by azirine ring expansion with imidazolium ylides. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:6598-609. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00865k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Versatile synthesis of 1-(1H-pyrrol-3-yl)-1H-imidazole derivatives by a domino reaction of 2H-azirines with 1-alkyl-3-phenacyl-1H-imidazolium bromides is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olesya A. Tomashenko
- Institute of Chemistry
- Saint Petersburg State University
- 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Liya D. Funt
- Institute of Chemistry
- Saint Petersburg State University
- 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mikhail S. Novikov
- Institute of Chemistry
- Saint Petersburg State University
- 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
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44
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Allgäuer DS, Mayer P, Mayr H. Nucleophilicity parameters of pyridinium ylides and their use in mechanistic analyses. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:15216-24. [PMID: 24020381 DOI: 10.1021/ja407885h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Kinetics of the reactions of pyridinium, isoquinolinium, and quinolinium ylides with diarylcarbenium ions, quinone methides, and arylidene malonates (reference electrophiles) have been studied in dimethylsulfoxide solution by UV-vis spectroscopy. The second-order rate constants (log k2) were found to correlate linearly with the electrophilicities E of the reference electrophiles, as required by the linear free-energy relationship log k(20°C) = sN(N + E) (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 9500), which allowed us to derive the nucleophile-specific parameters N and sN for these ylides. Pyridinium substitution is found to have a similar effect on the reactivity of carbanionic reaction centers as alkoxycarbonyl substitution. Agreement between the rate constants measured for the 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of pyridinium, isoquinolinium, and quinolinium ylides with acceptor substituted dipolarophiles (arylidenemalononitrile and substituted chalcone) and those calculated from E, N, and sN shows that the above correlation can also be employed for predicting absolute rate constants of stepwise or highly unsymmetrical concerted cycloadditions. Deviations between calculated and experimental rate constants by a factor of 10(6) were demonstrated to indicate a change of reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik S Allgäuer
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
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45
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One-Pot Two-Step Synthesis of 1-(Ethoxycarbonyl)indolizines via Pyridinium Ylides. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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46
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Dinica RM, Furdui B, Ghinea IO, Bahrim G, Bonte S, Demeunynck M. Novel one-pot green synthesis of indolizines biocatalysed by Candida antarctica Lipases. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:431-9. [PMID: 23389089 PMCID: PMC3640390 DOI: 10.3390/md11020431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine microorganisms are of considerable interest as a promising source of enzymes with unsuspected potentials as catalysts for chemical synthesis. We describe here an efficient method for one-pot indolizine synthesis that has been developed using lipase A and lipase B from Candida antarctica as biocatalysts. As showed by HPLC/MS analysis, the yield in indolizines was higher in the presence of the biocatalyst than in absence of enzyme. Lipase A, from Candida antarctica, showed high catalytic activity and selectivity for the cycloaddition reactions. When the reactions were performed under ultrasound irradiation, the Candida antarctica lipase catalyzed reactions yielded pure indolozines, in good yields and in very short time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodica Mihaela Dinica
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environment, Faculty of Science and Environment, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 111 Domneasca Street, Galati 800201, Romania; E-Mail:
| | - Bianca Furdui
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environment, Faculty of Science and Environment, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 111 Domneasca Street, Galati 800201, Romania; E-Mail:
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (B.F.); (M.D.); Tel.: +40-336-130-251 (B.F.); Fax: +40-336-130-285 (B.F.); Tel.: +33-476-635-314 (M.D.); Fax: +33-476-635-298 (M.D.)
| | - Ioana Otilia Ghinea
- Department of Food Science, Food Engineering and Applied Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 111 Domneasca Street, Galati 800201, Romania; E-Mails: (I.O.G.); (G.B.)
| | - Gabriela Bahrim
- Department of Food Science, Food Engineering and Applied Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 111 Domneasca Street, Galati 800201, Romania; E-Mails: (I.O.G.); (G.B.)
| | - Simon Bonte
- Département Pharmacochimie Moléculaire, UMR 5063 & FR 2607, CNRS/Université de Grenoble, 38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France; E-Mail:
| | - Martine Demeunynck
- Département Pharmacochimie Moléculaire, UMR 5063 & FR 2607, CNRS/Université de Grenoble, 38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France; E-Mail:
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (B.F.); (M.D.); Tel.: +40-336-130-251 (B.F.); Fax: +40-336-130-285 (B.F.); Tel.: +33-476-635-314 (M.D.); Fax: +33-476-635-298 (M.D.)
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