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Kwon HS, Koh SH. Impact of Apolipoprotein E ε4 in Alzheimer's Disease: Insights From a Meta-Analysis. J Clin Neurol 2024; 20:467-468. [PMID: 39227328 PMCID: PMC11372208 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2024.0353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk Sung Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Koh
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
- Department of Translational Medicine, Hanyang University Graduate School of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Seoul, Korea.
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2
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Hroudová J, Fišar Z. Alzheimer's disease approaches - Focusing on pathology, biomarkers and clinical trial candidates. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 134:111069. [PMID: 38917881 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The strategy for the development of new drugs for Alzheimer's disease (AD) recognizes that an effective therapy requires early therapeutic intervention and a multifactorial approach that considers the individual initiators of AD development. Current knowledge of AD includes the understanding of pathophysiology, risk factors, biomarkers, and the evolving patterns of biomarker abnormalities. This knowledge is essential in identifying potential molecular targets for new drug development. This review summarizes promising AD drug candidates, many of which are currently in phase 2 or 3 clinical trials. New agents are classified according to the Common Alzheimer's Disease Research Ontology (CADRO). The main targets of new drugs for AD are processes related to amyloid beta and tau neurotoxicity, neurotransmission, inflammation, metabolism and bioenergetics, synaptic plasticity, and oxidative stress. These interventions are aimed at preventing disease onset and slowing or eliminating disease progression. The efficacy of pharmacotherapy may be enhanced by combining these drugs with other treatments, antioxidants, and dietary supplements. Ongoing research into AD pathophysiology, risk factors, biomarkers, and the dynamics of biomarker abnormalities may contribute to the understanding of AD and offer hope for effective therapeutic strategies in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Hroudová
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Zdeněk Fišar
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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3
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Kwon HS, Koh SH. Monitoring Patients With Dementia: Insight Into Global Trends, Innovations, and Future Directions. J Clin Neurol 2024; 20:239-240. [PMID: 38713074 PMCID: PMC11076197 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2024.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk Sung Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Koh
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Translational Medicine, Hanyang University Graduate School of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Seoul, Korea.
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4
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Noda K, Lim Y, Goto R, Sengoku S, Kodama K. Cost-effectiveness comparison between blood biomarkers and conventional tests in Alzheimer's disease diagnosis. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103911. [PMID: 38311028 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.103911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Dementia management has evolved with drugs such as lecanemab, shifting management from palliative care to early diagnosis and intervention. However, the administration of these drugs presents challenges owing to the invasiveness, high cost and limited availability of amyloid-PET and cerebrospinal fluid tests for guiding drug administration. Our manuscript explores the potential of less invasive blood biomarkers as a diagnostic method, with a cost-effectiveness analysis and a comparison with traditional tests. Our findings suggest that blood biomarkers are a cost-effective alternative, but with lower accuracy, indicating the need for multiple specific biomarkers for precision. This underscores the importance of future research on new blood biomarkers and their clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Noda
- Graduate School of Design and Architecture, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 464-0083, Japan
| | | | - Rei Goto
- Graduate School of Health Management, Keio University, Fujisawa 252-0883, Kanagawa, Japan; Graduate School of Business Administration, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8526, Japan
| | - Shintaro Sengoku
- School of Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 108-0023, Japan
| | - Kota Kodama
- Graduate School of Design and Architecture, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 464-0083, Japan; Ritsumeikan University, Osaka 567-8570, Japan; Faculty of Data Science, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8501, Japan; Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, The Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
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Colmant L, Boyer E, Gerard T, Sleegers K, Lhommel R, Ivanoiu A, Lefèvre P, Kienlen-Campard P, Hanseeuw B. Definition of a Threshold for the Plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 Ratio Measured by Single-Molecule Array to Predict the Amyloid Status of Individuals without Dementia. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1173. [PMID: 38256246 PMCID: PMC10816992 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau in the brain. Aβ plaques precede cognitive impairments and can be detected through amyloid-positron emission tomography (PET) or in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Assessing the plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio seems promising for non-invasive and cost-effective detection of brain Aβ accumulation. This approach involves some challenges, including the accuracy of blood-based biomarker measurements and the establishment of clear, standardized thresholds to categorize the risk of developing brain amyloid pathology. Plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio was measured in 277 volunteers without dementia, 70 AD patients and 18 non-AD patients using single-molecule array. Patients (n = 88) and some volunteers (n = 66) were subject to evaluation of amyloid status by CSF Aβ quantification or PET analysis. Thresholds of plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio were determined based on a Gaussian mixture model, a decision tree, and the Youden's index. The 0.0472 threshold, the one with the highest sensitivity, was retained for general population without dementia screening, and the 0.0450 threshold was retained for research and clinical trials recruitment, aiming to minimize the need for CSF or PET analyses to identify amyloid-positive individuals. These findings offer a promising step towards a cost-effective method for identifying individuals at risk of developing AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Colmant
- Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (L.C.); (E.B.); (T.G.); (P.L.); (P.K.-C.)
- Neurology Department, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
- Institute of Information and Communication Technologies, Electronics and Applied Mathematics, UCLouvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Emilien Boyer
- Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (L.C.); (E.B.); (T.G.); (P.L.); (P.K.-C.)
- Neurology Department, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Thomas Gerard
- Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (L.C.); (E.B.); (T.G.); (P.L.); (P.K.-C.)
- Neurology Department, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Kristel Sleegers
- Complex Genetics of Alzheimer’s Disease Group, VIB-UAntwerp Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium;
| | - Renaud Lhommel
- Neurology Department, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Adrian Ivanoiu
- Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (L.C.); (E.B.); (T.G.); (P.L.); (P.K.-C.)
- Neurology Department, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Philippe Lefèvre
- Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (L.C.); (E.B.); (T.G.); (P.L.); (P.K.-C.)
- Institute of Information and Communication Technologies, Electronics and Applied Mathematics, UCLouvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Pascal Kienlen-Campard
- Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (L.C.); (E.B.); (T.G.); (P.L.); (P.K.-C.)
| | - Bernard Hanseeuw
- Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (L.C.); (E.B.); (T.G.); (P.L.); (P.K.-C.)
- Neurology Department, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
- WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Avenue Pasteur, 6, 1300 Wavre, Belgium
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Etekochay MO, Amaravadhi AR, González GV, Atanasov AG, Matin M, Mofatteh M, Steinbusch HW, Tesfaye T, Praticò D. Unveiling New Strategies Facilitating the Implementation of Artificial Intelligence in Neuroimaging for the Early Detection of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 99:1-20. [PMID: 38640152 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder with a global impact. The past few decades have witnessed significant strides in comprehending the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and developing diagnostic methodologies for AD, such as neuroimaging approaches. Neuroimaging techniques, including positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, have revolutionized the field by providing valuable insights into the structural and functional alterations in the brains of individuals with AD. These imaging modalities enable the detection of early biomarkers such as amyloid-β plaques and tau protein tangles, facilitating early and precise diagnosis. Furthermore, the emerging technologies encompassing blood-based biomarkers and neurochemical profiling exhibit promising results in the identification of specific molecular signatures for AD. The integration of machine learning algorithms and artificial intelligence has enhanced the predictive capacity of these diagnostic tools when analyzing complex datasets. In this review article, we will highlight not only some of the most used diagnostic imaging approaches in neurodegeneration research but focus much more on new tools like artificial intelligence, emphasizing their application in the realm of AD. These advancements hold immense potential for early detection and intervention, thereby paving the way for personalized therapeutic strategies and ultimately augmenting the quality of life for individuals affected by AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amoolya Rao Amaravadhi
- Internal Medicine, Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences, Jeedimetla, Hyderabad, India
| | - Gabriel Villarrubia González
- Expert Systems and Applications Laboratory (ESALAB), Faculty of Science, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Department of Biotechnology and Nutrigenomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maima Matin
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mohammad Mofatteh
- School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Harry Wilhelm Steinbusch
- Department of Cellular and Translational Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Netherlands
| | - Tadele Tesfaye
- CareHealth Medical Practice, Jimma Road, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Domenico Praticò
- Alzheimer's Center at Temple, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Elghanam Y, Purja S, Kim EY. Biomarkers as Endpoints in Clinical Trials for Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 99:693-703. [PMID: 38669547 DOI: 10.3233/jad-240008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that imposes economic and societal burden. Biomarkers have played a crucial role in the recent approval of aducanumab and lecanemab as disease-modifying therapies which marked a significant milestone for the treatment of AD. The inclusion of biomarkers in AD trials facilitates precise diagnosis, monitors safety, demonstrates target engagement, and supports disease modification. Objective This study analyzed the utilization state and trends of biomarkers as endpoints in AD trials. Methods In this retrospective study, trials were collected by searching clinicaltrials.gov using the term "Alzheimer". Primary and secondary outcomes were analyzed separately for each phase. Results Among the 1,048 analyzed trials, 313 (29.87%) adopted biomarkers as primary endpoints and 364 (34.73%) as secondary endpoints, mainly in phases 1 and 2. The top three biomarkers adopted as primary endpoints in phases 1, 2, and 3 were amyloid-PET, tau-PET, and MRI. The top three biomarkers adopted as secondary endpoints, in phase 1, were cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid-β (Aβ), blood Aβ and amyloid-PET; in phase 2, they were MRI, CSF Aβ, and CSF phospho-tau; and in phase 3, they were amyloid PET, MRI, and blood Aβ. There was a statistically significant increase in the adoption of biomarkers as primary endpoints in phase 2 trials (p = 0.001) and secondary endpoints in phase 3 trials (p = 0.001). Conclusions The growing recognition of the importance of biomarkers in AD trial' design and drug development is evident by the significant steady increase in biomarkers' utilization in phases 2 and 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yomna Elghanam
- Department of Health, Evidence-Based and Clinical Research Laboratory, Social, and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sujata Purja
- Department of Health, Evidence-Based and Clinical Research Laboratory, Social, and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Young Kim
- Department of Health, Evidence-Based and Clinical Research Laboratory, Social, and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
- The Graduate School for Pharmaceutical Industry Management, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
- The Department of Pharmaceutical Regulatory Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
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Kwon HS, Lee E, Kim H, Park S, Park H, Jeong JH, Koh S, Choi SH, Lee J. Predicting amyloid PET positivity using plasma p-tau181 and other blood-based biomarkers. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 15:e12502. [PMID: 38026758 PMCID: PMC10654468 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to determine the efficacy of combining plasma phosphorylated tau (p-tau)181, amyloid beta (Aβ)42/Aβ40, neurofilament light (NfL), and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotypes for detecting positive amyloid positron emission tomography (PET), which is little known in the Asian population, in two independent cohorts. Methods Biomarkers were measured using a single-molecule array (Simoa) in a cohort study (Asan). All participants underwent amyloid PET. Significant changes in the area under the curve (AUC) and Akaike Information Criterion values were considered to determine the best model. The generalizability of this model was tested using another cohort (KBASE-V). Results In the Asan cohort, after adjusting for age and sex, p-tau181 (AUC = 0.854) or APOE ε4 status (AUC = 0.769) distinguished Aβ status with high accuracy. Combining them or adding NfL and Aβ42/40 improved model fitness. The best-fit model included the plasma p-tau181, APOE ε4, NfL and Aβ42/40. The models established from the Asan cohort were tested in the KBASE-V cohort. Additionally, in the KBASE-V cohort, these three biomarker models had similar AUC in cognitively unimpaired (AUC = 0.768) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (AUC = 0.997) participants. Conclusions Plasma p-tau181 showed a high performance in determining Aβ-PET positivity. Adding plasma NfL and APOE ε4 status improved the model fit without significant improvement in AUC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk Sung Kwon
- Department of NeurologyHanyang University Guri HospitalHanyang University College of MedicineGuriSouth Korea
| | - Eun‐Hye Lee
- Department of NeurologyHanyang University Guri HospitalHanyang University College of MedicineGuriSouth Korea
| | - Hyung‐Ji Kim
- Department of NeurologyUijeongbu Eulji Medical CenterEulji UniversityUijeongbuSouth Korea
| | - So‐Hee Park
- Department of NeurologyBobath Memorial HospitalSeongnamSouth Korea
| | - Hyun‐Hee Park
- Department of NeurologyHanyang University Guri HospitalHanyang University College of MedicineGuriSouth Korea
| | - Jee Hyang Jeong
- Department of NeurologyEwha Womans University School of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Seong‐Ho Koh
- Department of NeurologyHanyang University Guri HospitalHanyang University College of MedicineGuriSouth Korea
- Department of Translational MedicineHanyang University Graduate School of Biomedical Science & EngineeringSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Seong Hye Choi
- Department of NeurologyInha University College of MedicineIncheonSouth Korea
| | - Jae‐Hong Lee
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineAsan Medical CenterSeoulSouth Korea
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Kwon HS, Kim JY, Koh SH, Choi SH, Lee EH, Jeong JH, Jang JW, Park KW, Kim EJ, Hong JY, Yoon SJ, Yoon B, Park HH, Han MH. Predicting cognitive stage transition using p-tau181, Centiloid, and other measures. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:4641-4650. [PMID: 36988152 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A combination of plasma phospho-tau (p-tau), amyloid beta (Aβ)-positron emission tomography (PET), brain magnetic resonance imaging, cognitive function tests, and other biomarkers might predict future cognitive decline. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of combining these biomarkers in predicting future cognitive stage transitions within 3 years. METHODS Among the participants in the Korean Brain Aging Study for the Early Diagnosis and Prediction of Alzheimer's Disease (KBASE-V) study, 49 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 113 cognitively unimpaired (CU) participants with Aβ-PET and brain imaging data were analyzed. RESULTS Older age, increased plasma p-tau181, Aβ-PET positivity, and decreased semantic fluency were independently associated with cognitive stage transitions. Combining age, p-tau181, the Centiloid scale, semantic fluency, and hippocampal volume produced high predictive value in predicting future cognitive stage transition (area under the curve = 0.879). CONCLUSIONS Plasma p-tau181 and Centiloid scale alone or in combination with other biomarkers, might predict future cognitive stage transition in non-dementia patients. HIGHLIGHTS -Plasma p-tau181 and Centiloid scale might predict future cognitive stage transition. -Combining them or adding other biomarkers increased the predictive value. -Factors that independently associated with cognitive stage transition were demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk Sung Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Koh
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hye Choi
- Department of Neurology, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hye Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Hyang Jeong
- Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Won Jang
- Department of Neurology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Won Park
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A Medical Center, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Joo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yong Hong
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jin Yoon
- Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bora Yoon
- Department of Neurology, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Hee Park
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Hoon Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Republic of Korea
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O’Connor LM, O’Connor BA, Zeng J, Lo CH. Data Mining of Microarray Datasets in Translational Neuroscience. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1318. [PMID: 37759919 PMCID: PMC10527016 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13091318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Data mining involves the computational analysis of a plethora of publicly available datasets to generate new hypotheses that can be further validated by experiments for the improved understanding of the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Although the number of sequencing datasets is on the rise, microarray analysis conducted on diverse biological samples represent a large collection of datasets with multiple web-based programs that enable efficient and convenient data analysis. In this review, we first discuss the selection of biological samples associated with neurological disorders, and the possibility of a combination of datasets, from various types of samples, to conduct an integrated analysis in order to achieve a holistic understanding of the alterations in the examined biological system. We then summarize key approaches and studies that have made use of the data mining of microarray datasets to obtain insights into translational neuroscience applications, including biomarker discovery, therapeutic development, and the elucidation of the pathogenic mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases. We further discuss the gap to be bridged between microarray and sequencing studies to improve the utilization and combination of different types of datasets, together with experimental validation, for more comprehensive analyses. We conclude by providing future perspectives on integrating multi-omics, to advance precision phenotyping and personalized medicine for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance M. O’Connor
- College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Blake A. O’Connor
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA;
| | - Jialiu Zeng
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore;
| | - Chih Hung Lo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore;
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11
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Taymans JM, Fell M, Greenamyre T, Hirst WD, Mamais A, Padmanabhan S, Peter I, Rideout H, Thaler A. Perspective on the current state of the LRRK2 field. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:104. [PMID: 37393318 PMCID: PMC10314919 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00544-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Almost 2 decades after linking LRRK2 to Parkinson's disease, a vibrant research field has developed around the study of this gene and its protein product. Recent studies have begun to elucidate molecular structures of LRRK2 and its complexes, and our understanding of LRRK2 has continued to grow, affirming decisions made years ago to therapeutically target this enzyme for PD. Markers of LRRK2 activity, with potential to monitor disease progression or treatment efficacy, are also under development. Interestingly, there is a growing understanding of the role of LRRK2 outside of the central nervous system in peripheral tissues such as gut and immune cells that may also contribute to LRRK2 mediated pathology. In this perspective, our goal is to take stock of LRRK2 research by discussing the current state of knowledge and critical open questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Taymans
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-LilNCog-Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, F-59000, Lille, France.
| | - Matt Fell
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Tim Greenamyre
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Suite 7039, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Warren D Hirst
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, Biogen, 115 Broadway, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Adamantios Mamais
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Shalini Padmanabhan
- The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, Grand Central Station, P.O. Box 4777, New York, NY, 10120, USA
| | - Inga Peter
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Ave, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Hardy Rideout
- Centre for Clinical, Experimental Surgery, and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Avner Thaler
- Movement Disorders Unit and Laboratory of Early Markers of Neurodegeneration, Neurological Institute, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Faculty of medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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12
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Kwon HS, Lee H, Kim YS, Choi H, Lee KY, Lee YJ, Lee EH, Hwang M, Park H, Koh SH. Comparing Neurofilament Light Chain Levels in Serum and Plasma. Dement Neurocogn Disord 2023; 22:109-111. [PMID: 37545865 PMCID: PMC10400347 DOI: 10.12779/dnd.2023.22.3.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk Sung Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
| | - Hyesun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
| | - Young Seo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hojin Choi
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
| | - Kyu-Yong Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
| | - Young Joo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
| | - Eun-Hye Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
| | - Mina Hwang
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
| | - Hyunhee Park
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Koh
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
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Krueger KR, Desai P, Beck T, Wilson RS, Evans D, Rajan KB. Cognitive Activity Is Associated with Cognitive Function over Time in a Diverse Group of Older Adults, Independent of Baseline Biomarkers. Neuroepidemiology 2023; 57:229-237. [PMID: 37263261 PMCID: PMC10997141 DOI: 10.1159/000531208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND More frequent engagement in cognitive activity is associated with better cognitive function in older adults, but the mechanism of action is not fully understood. Debate remains whether increased cognitive activity provides a meaningful benefit for cognitive health or if decreased cognitive activity represents a prodrome of cognitive impairment. Neurological biomarkers provide a novel way to examine this relationship in the context of cognitive aging. METHODS We examined the association of self-reported cognitive activity, cognitive function, and concentrations of three biomarkers in community-dwelling participants of a longitudinal, population-based study. Cognitive activity was measured at baseline by asking participants to rate the frequency of 7 activities: (1) viewing television, (2) listening to the radio, (3) visiting a museum, (4) playing games, such as cards, checkers, crosswords, or other puzzles or games, (5) reading books, (6) reading magazines, and (7) reading newspapers. Cognitive function was measured with a battery of four tests (Mini-Mental State Examination, Digit Symbol Test, and the immediate and delayed recall of the East Boston Test) averaged into a composite score. At baseline, we evaluated the concentration of total tau (tau), neurofilament light (NfL), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). RESULTS The study sample comprised 1,168 older participants, primarily non-Hispanic Blacks (60%) and women (63%). At baseline, they were an average of 77 years old with 12.6 years of education. Mixed-effects models showed that cognitive activity was associated with better cognitive functioning at baseline and over time. These relationships remained after each biomarker was added to the model. Over an average of 6.4 years of follow-up, cognitive activity was associated with cognitive decline in the model with tau (estimate = 0.0123; p value = 0.03) and was mildly attenuated in the models with NfL (estimate = 0.0110; p value = 0.06) and GFAP (estimate = 0.0111; p value = 0.06). Biomarkers did not modify the association between cognitive activity and cognitive function over time. CONCLUSION The benefits of cognitive activity on cognition appear to be independent of biomarkers: tau, NfL, and GFAP, measured at baseline. More frequent cognitive activity may benefit the cognitive health of older adults with a wide range of potential disease risk and presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin R. Krueger
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, (IL) 60612, United States of America
| | - Pankaja Desai
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, (IL) 60612, United States of America
| | - Todd Beck
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, (IL) 60612, United States of America
| | - Robert S. Wilson
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, (IL) 60612, United States of America
| | - Denis Evans
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, (IL) 60612, United States of America
| | - Kumar B. Rajan
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, (IL) 60612, United States of America
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Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Data Model: Quality Evaluation and Improvements. COMPUTERS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/computers12020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Recently, datasets with various factors and indicators of cognitive diseases have been available for clinical research. Although the transformation of information to a particular data model is straightforward, many challenges arise if data from different repositories have to be integrated. Since each data source keeps entities with different names and relationships at different levels of granularity and format, the information can be partially lost or not properly presented. It is therefore important to have a common data model that provides a unified description of different factors and indicators related to cognitive diseases. Thus, in our previous work, we proposed a hierarchical cognitive impairment and dementia data model that keeps the semantics of the data in a human-readable format and accelerates the interoperability of clinical datasets. It defines data entities, their attributes and relationships related to diagnosis and treatment. This paper extends our previous work by evaluating and improving the data model by adapting the methodology proposed by D. Moody and G. Shanks. The completeness, simplicity, correctness and integrity of the data model are assessed and based on the results a new, improved version of the model is generated. The understandability of the improved model is evaluated using an online questionnaire. Simplicity and integrity are also considered as well as the factors that may influence the flexibility of the data model.
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Rostgaard N, Olsen MH, Ottenheijm M, Drici L, Simonsen AH, Plomgaard P, Gredal H, Poulsen HH, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Hasselbalch SG, MacAulay N, Juhler M. Differential proteomic profile of lumbar and ventricular cerebrospinal fluid. Fluids Barriers CNS 2023; 20:6. [PMID: 36670437 PMCID: PMC9863210 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-022-00405-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathological cerebral conditions may manifest in altered composition of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Although diagnostic CSF analysis seeks to establish pathological disturbances in the brain proper, CSF is generally sampled from the lumbar compartment for reasons of technical ease and ethical considerations. We here aimed to compare the molecular composition of CSF obtained from the ventricular versus the lumbar CSF compartments to establish a relevance for employing lumbar CSF as a proxy for the CSF bathing the brain tissue. METHODS CSF was collected from 46 patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) patients during their diagnostic workup (lumbar samples) and in connection with their subsequent CSF diversion shunt surgery (ventricular samples). The mass-spectrometry-based proteomic profile was determined in these samples and in addition, selected biomarkers were quantified with ELISA (S100B, neurofilament light (NfL), amyloid-β (Aβ40, Aβ42), and total tau (T-tau) and phosphorylated tau (P-tau) forms). The latter analysis was extended to include paired porcine samples obtained from the lumbar compartment and the cerebromedullary cistern closely related to the ventricles. RESULTS In total 1231 proteins were detected in the human CSF. Of these, 216 distributed equally in the two CSF compartments, whereas 22 were preferentially (or solely) present in the ventricular CSF and four in the lumbar CSF. The selected biomarkers of neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's disease displayed differential distribution, some with higher (S100B, T-tau, and P-tau) and some with lower (NfL, Aβ40, Aβ42) levels in the ventricular compartment. In the porcine samples, all biomarkers were most abundant in the lumbar CSF. CONCLUSIONS The overall proteomic profile differs between the ventricular and the lumbar CSF compartments, and so does the distribution of clinically employed biomarkers. However, for a range of CSF proteins and biomarkers, one can reliably employ lumbar CSF as a proxy for ventricular CSF if or a lumbar/cranial index for the particular molecule has been established. It is therefore important to verify the compartmental preference of the proteins or biomarkers of interest prior to extrapolating from lumbar CSF to that of the ventricular fluid bordering the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Rostgaard
- grid.475435.4Department of Neurosurgery, The Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Markus Harboe Olsen
- grid.475435.4Department of Neuroanaesthesiology, The Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maud Ottenheijm
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XNNF Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark ,grid.475435.4Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lylia Drici
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XNNF Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark ,grid.475435.4Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anja Hviid Simonsen
- grid.475435.4Danish Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Plomgaard
- grid.475435.4Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne Gredal
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helle Harding Poulsen
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Gothenburg, Sweden ,grid.1649.a000000009445082XClinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Gothenburg, Sweden ,grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK ,grid.83440.3b0000000121901201UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK ,grid.24515.370000 0004 1937 1450Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kaj Blennow
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Gothenburg, Sweden ,grid.1649.a000000009445082XClinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Steen Gregers Hasselbalch
- grid.475435.4Danish Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark ,grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nanna MacAulay
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marianne Juhler
- grid.475435.4Department of Neurosurgery, The Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark ,grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Barrett-Young A. An Eye on Clinical Translation-Considerations for Research Into Ocular Biomarkers of Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias. JAMA Ophthalmol 2023; 141:91-92. [PMID: 36394847 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2022.4959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh Barrett-Young
- Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health & Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Fišar Z. Linking the Amyloid, Tau, and Mitochondrial Hypotheses of Alzheimer's Disease and Identifying Promising Drug Targets. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1676. [PMID: 36421690 PMCID: PMC9687482 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Damage or loss of brain cells and impaired neurochemistry, neurogenesis, and synaptic and nonsynaptic plasticity of the brain lead to dementia in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Injury to synapses and neurons and accumulation of extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles are considered the main morphological and neuropathological features of AD. Age, genetic and epigenetic factors, environmental stressors, and lifestyle contribute to the risk of AD onset and progression. These risk factors are associated with structural and functional changes in the brain, leading to cognitive decline. Biomarkers of AD reflect or cause specific changes in brain function, especially changes in pathways associated with neurotransmission, neuroinflammation, bioenergetics, apoptosis, and oxidative and nitrosative stress. Even in the initial stages, AD is associated with Aβ neurotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and tau neurotoxicity. The integrative amyloid-tau-mitochondrial hypothesis assumes that the primary cause of AD is the neurotoxicity of Aβ oligomers and tau oligomers, mitochondrial dysfunction, and their mutual synergy. For the development of new efficient AD drugs, targeting the elimination of neurotoxicity, mutual potentiation of effects, and unwanted protein interactions of risk factors and biomarkers (mainly Aβ oligomers, tau oligomers, and mitochondrial dysfunction) in the early stage of the disease seems promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Fišar
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic
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De Plano LM, Calabrese G, Conoci S, Guglielmino SPP, Oddo S, Caccamo A. Applications of CRISPR-Cas9 in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158714. [PMID: 35955847 PMCID: PMC9368966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington’s disease represent some of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders afflicting millions of people worldwide. Unfortunately, there is a lack of efficacious treatments to cure or stop the progression of these disorders. While the causes of such a lack of therapies can be attributed to various reasons, the disappointing results of recent clinical trials suggest the need for novel and innovative approaches. Since its discovery, there has been a growing excitement around the potential for CRISPR-Cas9 mediated gene editing to identify novel mechanistic insights into disease pathogenesis and to mediate accurate gene therapy. To this end, the literature is rich with experiments aimed at generating novel models of these disorders and offering proof-of-concept studies in preclinical animal models validating the great potential and versatility of this gene-editing system. In this review, we provide an overview of how the CRISPR-Cas9 systems have been used in these neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. De Plano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 31, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanna Calabrese
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 31, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Sabrina Conoci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 31, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore P. P. Guglielmino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 31, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Oddo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 31, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonella Caccamo
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Need for an Update for the Guideline for the Management of Mild Cognitive Impairment. Dement Neurocogn Disord 2022; 21:107-116. [DOI: 10.12779/dnd.2022.21.4.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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