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Heyder M, Kranz S, Beck J, Wettemann M, Hennig CL, Schulze-Späte U, Sigusch BW, Reise M. Influence of Layer Thickness and Shade on the Transmission of Light through Contemporary Resin Composites. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1554. [PMID: 38612069 PMCID: PMC11012366 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Material-dependent parameters have an important impact on the efficiency of light polymerization. The present in vitro study aimed to investigate the influence of the increment thickness and shade of nano- and nanohybrid resin composites on the transmission of curing light. METHODS Three contemporary resin composites were evaluated: Tetric EvoCeram® (TEC); Venus Diamond® (VD); and Filtek Supreme XTE® (FS XTE). Light transmission (LT) was recorded in accordance with the sample thickness (0.5 to 2.7 mm) and the shade. Polymerized samples were irradiated for 10 s each using the high-power LED curing light Celalux 2 (1900 mW/cm2). LT was simultaneously recorded using the MARC Patient Simulator (MARC-PS). RESULTS LT was strongly influenced by the composite layer thickness. For 0.5 mm-thick samples, a mean power density of 735 mW/cm2 was recorded at the bottom side. For the 2.7 mm samples, a mean power density of 107 mW/cm2 was measured. Only LT was markedly reduced in the case of darker shades. From A1 to A4, LT decreased by 39.3% for FS XTE and 50.8% for TEC. Dentin shades of FS XTE and TEC (A2, A4) showed the lowest LT. CONCLUSIONS The thickness and shade of resin composite increments strongly influences the transmission of curing light. More precise information about these parameters should be included in the manufacture manual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Heyder
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center of Dental Medicine, Jena University Hospitals, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.H.); (J.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Stefan Kranz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center of Dental Medicine, Jena University Hospitals, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.H.); (J.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Julius Beck
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center of Dental Medicine, Jena University Hospitals, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.H.); (J.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Marlene Wettemann
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center of Dental Medicine, Jena University Hospitals, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.H.); (J.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Christoph-Ludwig Hennig
- Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dental Medicine, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Ulrike Schulze-Späte
- Section of Geriodontics, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center of Dental Medicine, Jena University Hospitals, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Bernd W. Sigusch
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center of Dental Medicine, Jena University Hospitals, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.H.); (J.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Markus Reise
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center of Dental Medicine, Jena University Hospitals, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.H.); (J.B.); (M.R.)
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Dunavári EK, Kőházy A, Vecsernyés M, Szalma J, Lovász BV, Berta G, Lempel E. Does Preheating Influence the Cytotoxic Potential of Dental Resin Composites? Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:174. [PMID: 38256973 PMCID: PMC10820920 DOI: 10.3390/polym16020174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Resin-based dental composites (RBC) release cytotoxic components, however the extent of the elution from preheated RBCs is barely investigated. The aim was therefore to determine the cytotoxic effect of preheated conventional, bulk, and thermoviscous RBCs of clinically relevant sizes using different cell viability methods in a contact-free model. Samples (6 × 4 mm) were prepared from conventional [Estelite Sigma Quick (ESQ), Filtek Z250 (FZ)] and bulk-filled [Filtek One BulkFill Restorative (FOB), SDR Plus Bulk Flow (SDR), VisCalor Bulk (VCB)] RBCs. The pre-polymerization temperature was set to room temperature (RT) and 55/65 °C. Pulp cells were cultured, followed by a 2-day exposure to monomers released from solid RBC specimens suspended in the culture medium. Cytotoxicity was assessed using a WST-1, MTT, and LDH colorimetric viability assays. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Tukey's post hoc test, multivariate analysis, and independent t-test. The effect size (ƞp2) of material and temperature factors was also assessed. All the RBCs demonstrated cytotoxic effect upon exposure to pulp cells, but to a varying extent (ESQ >> VCB > FZ = FOB = SDR). The effect of pre-polymerization temperature was insignificant (ƞp2 < 0.03), except for the thermoviscous RBC, which showed inconsistent findings when subjected to distinct viability tests. Cell viability was predominantly dependent on the type of material used (p < 0.001) which showed a large effect size (ƞp2 > 0.90). Irrespective of the pre-polymerization temperature, RBC samples in a clinically relevant size can release monomers to such an extent, which can substantially decrease the cytocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Katalin Dunavári
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Pécs Medical School, Tüzér Street 1, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (E.K.D.); (A.K.)
| | - Anna Kőházy
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Pécs Medical School, Tüzér Street 1, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (E.K.D.); (A.K.)
| | - Mónika Vecsernyés
- Department of Medical Biology and Central Electron Microscope Laboratory, University of Pécs Medical School, Szigeti Street 12, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (M.V.); (G.B.)
| | - József Szalma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Pécs Medical School, Tüzér Street 1, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Bálint Viktor Lovász
- Oral and Maxillofacial Department, Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester Royal Infirmary Hospital, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9WL, UK;
| | - Gergely Berta
- Department of Medical Biology and Central Electron Microscope Laboratory, University of Pécs Medical School, Szigeti Street 12, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (M.V.); (G.B.)
| | - Edina Lempel
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Pécs Medical School, Tüzér Street 1, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (E.K.D.); (A.K.)
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Leung BAY, Joe W, Mofarah SS, Sorrell CC, Abbasi R, Azadeh M, Arsecularatne JA, Koshy P. Unveiling the mechanisms behind surface degradation of dental resin composites in simulated oral environments. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:7707-7720. [PMID: 37465918 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00756a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Dental resin composites are widely used as restorative materials due to their natural aesthetic and versatile properties. However, there has been limited research on the degradation mechanisms of these composites in gastric acid environments, which would be common in patients with gastroesophageal reflux. This study aims to investigate the degradation behavior of dental composites immersed in simulated oral environments, including acid, saliva, and water. Mechanical and morphological properties of the composites, upon immersion in the simulated environments, were thoroughly examined using hardness testing and SEM imaging. Qualitative analyses of the ions leached from the polymer matrix and fillers were conducted using XPS and ICP-MS. In addition, the thermodynamic stability of the inorganic fillers of the composites in aqueous solutions across a wide range of pH values was theoretically studied through construction of Pourbaix diagrams. This study proposed a mechanism for composite leaching involving interactions between the matrix's hydrophilic groups and the aqueous immersion media, leading to swelling and chemical degradation of the composites. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that filler leaching was followed by ion exchange with Ca and P, resulting in the formation of hard calcified layers on the composite surface. The current findings provide valuable insights into the development of new composite materials with improved durability and resistance to degradation, especially for patients suffering from gastroesophageal reflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Ah-Yan Leung
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - William Joe
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Sajjad S Mofarah
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Charles C Sorrell
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Roozbeh Abbasi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Mohsen Azadeh
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Pramod Koshy
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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Influence of postwashing process on the elution of residual monomers, degree of conversion, and mechanical properties of a 3D printed crown and bridge materials. Dent Mater 2022; 38:1812-1825. [PMID: 36192277 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the effects of the postwashing method and time on the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of three-dimensional (3D) printed crown and bridge resin. METHODS DLP (digital light processing)-printed specimens produced from Nextdent crown & bridge (C&B) resins were washed separately using an ultrasonic bath and rotary washer with TPM (tripropylene glycol monomethyl ether) for 3 min, 6 min, 10 min, 20 min, and 1 h. Postcuring was applied for 30 min to each specimen after the washing process. The flexural strength, Vickers hardness, water sorption and solubility, degree of conversion (DC), elution of residual monomers, and biocompatibility of the specimens were evaluated. RESULTS The ultrasonic bath showed greater washing efficacy by reducing the residual HEMA (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) from 2.0634 ppm to 0.1456 ppm and reducing the residual TEGDMA (triethylene glycol dimethacrylate) from 1.4862 ppm to 0.1484 ppm. With prolonged washing, the flexural strength significantly decreased from 129.67 ± 6.66 MPa (mean±standard deviation) to 103.17 ± 7.20 MPa, while the Vickers hardness increased slightly for the first 6 min and then decreased thereafter significantly. The DC was 87.78 ± 1.34% after 3 min and then gradually decreased with extended washing time. The cytotoxicity significantly decreases with the increment of the washing time. SIGNIFICANCE The washing effect on the elution of residual monomers was better for an ultrasonic bath than for a rotary washer. Extending the washing time reduces the mechanical properties and cytotoxicity of the Nextdent C&B resin.
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Bisphenol A Release from Dental Composites and Resin-Modified Glass Ionomers under Two Polymerization Conditions. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 14:polym14010046. [PMID: 35012066 PMCID: PMC8747459 DOI: 10.3390/polym14010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA)-based monomers are commonly contained in dental resin-based materials. As BPA is an endocrine disruptor, its long-term release from restorative composites and resin-modified glass ionomers (RM-GICs) under two polymerization conditions was measured in this study. Specimens of two conventional composites containing BPA-based monomers, two “BPA-free” composites, and two RM-GICs were polymerized from one side for 20 s at 1300 mW/cm2 or for 5 s at 3000 mW/cm2. The amounts of BPA released in artificial saliva and methanol after 1, 4, 9, 16, 35, 65, 130, and 260 days were measured using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The highest amounts of BPA were released from conventional composites, followed by RM-GICs, while the least was released from “BPA-free” composites. Amounts of released BPA were significantly higher in methanol and decreased gradually after the first day. Fast polymerization (5 s at 3000 mW/cm2) resulted in a significantly higher release of BPA after 1 day, but the effect of polymerization conditions was not significant overall. In conclusion, fast polymerization increased the initial release of BPA, but the released amounts were significantly lower than the current tolerable daily intake (4 μg/kg body weight/day) even in methanol, representing the worst-case scenario of BPA release.
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Boonen I, De Nys S, Vervliet P, Covaci A, Van Landuyt KL, Duca RC, Godderis L, Denison MS, Elskens M. Assessing the estrogenic activity of chemicals present in resin based dental composites and in leachates of commercially available composites using the ERα-CALUX bioassay. Dent Mater 2021; 37:1834-1844. [PMID: 34579959 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The biocompatibility of resin based dental composites has not yet been fully characterized even though certain monomers used in these composites are synthesized from Bisphenol A (BPA), a well-known estrogenic endocrine disruptor. As a result, they show structural relationship to BPA and can contain it as an impurity. Therefore, the estrogenic activity of 9 monomers, 2 photoinitiators, one photostabilizer and leachates of 4 commercially available composites was determined. METHODS The ERα-CALUX bioassay was used to determine both agonistic and antagonistic estrogenic activities of the pure compounds (BPA, BisDMA, BisGMA, BisEMA(3), BisEMA(6), BisEMA(10), TEGDMA, TCD-DI-HEA, BADGE, UDMA, HMBP, DMPA, CQ) and the leachates of cured composite disks. The leachates of 4 commercially available composites (Solitaire 2, Ceram.x Spectra ST, G-ænial Posterior and Filtek Supreme XTE) in water and 0.1 M NaOH (pH = 13, 'worst-case scenario') were tested for estrogenic activity (pooled leachates from 10 cured composite disks). RESULTS Agonistic estrogenic activity was found for the monomer BisDMA, the photostabilizer HMBP and photoinitiator DMPA. All leachates from the 4 tested composites showed significant agonistic estrogenic activity higher than the DMSO control, and the highest activity (potency and efficacy) was found for Solitaire 2, followed by Ceram.x Spectra ST. Furthermore, antagonistic estrogenic activity was found in the leachates from G-ænial Posterior. SIGNIFICANCE These results show that significant estrogenic activity was found in all leachates of the cured composite disks, and that this estrogenicity is most likely due to a mixture effect of multiple estrogenic compounds (including BPA, HMBP and DMPA). This indicates that further research into the endocrine activity of all the compounds that are present in these composites (even at low quantities) and their possible mixture effect is warranted to guarantee their safe use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imke Boonen
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Brussels, 1050, Belgium.
| | - Siemon De Nys
- KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oral Health Sciences, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | | | - Adrian Covaci
- University of Antwerp, Toxicological Centre, Antwerp, 2000, Belgium
| | - Kirsten L Van Landuyt
- KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oral Health Sciences, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Radu Corneliu Duca
- KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Environment and Health, Leuven, 3000, Belgium; National Health Laboratory (LNS), Department of Health Protection, Environmental Hygiene and Human Biological Monitoring, Dudelange, L-3555, Luxembourg
| | - Lode Godderis
- KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Environment and Health, Leuven, 3000, Belgium; IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, Interleuvenlaan 58, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Michael S Denison
- University of California at Davis, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Davis, 95616, USA
| | - Marc Elskens
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
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7
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Gul P, Alp HH, Özcan M. Monomer release from bulk-fill composite resins in different curing protocols. J Oral Sci 2020; 62:288-292. [PMID: 32475863 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.19-0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the depth of cure and the type and amount of monomers released from bulk-fill composites in different curing protocols. Five different composite resins Filtek Bulk-Fill Posterior, Filtek Bulk-Fill Flowable, SureFil SDR, X-tra Fil, and X-tra base, were used. A light-emitting diode (LED) device was used in 3 different modes (standard, high power, and extra power mode), and a halogen light device was also used as a control. Surface hardness was measured and the depth of cure was calculated. Monomer analysis was performed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The data were analyzed using Tamhane's T2 post-hoc test (α = 0.05). The cure depth for all materials except for Filtek Bulk-Fill Posterior (extra power mode) and Filtek Bulk-Fill Flowable (high power and extra power modes) was over 80%. Under the conditions of this study, the amount of monomer released from composite resins changed according to the type of composite resin and the light mode used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Gul
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University
| | - Hamit H Alp
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Yüzüncü Yıl University
| | - Mutlu Özcan
- University of Zurich, Dental Materials Unit, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, Clinic for Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics and Dental Materials Science
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Vouzara T, Roussou K, Nikolaidis AK, Tolidis K, Koulaouzidou EA. Organic Eluates Derived from Intermediate Restorative Dental Materials. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071593. [PMID: 32235641 PMCID: PMC7180687 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A great number of different types of materials have been used in dentistry as intermediate restoratives. Among them, new resin-based bases have been released in the dental market. The present study focuses on the identification of the organic eluates released from such materials and the study of their surface microstructure in combination with their corresponding elemental composition. For this purpose, the following materials were used:ACTIVA™BioACTIVE-BASE/LINER™, Ketac™Bond Glass Ionomer, SDR™ and Vitrebond™Light Cure Glass Ionomer Liner/Base. Methanolic leachates derived from polymerized materials were analyzed by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) was used for the surface monitoring of suitably prepared specimens. The GC-MS analysis revealed the elution of twenty different substances from the three resin-based materials, while none was eluted from the glass ionomer base. The SEM analysis for Vitrebond™ presented small pits, the one for Ketac™Bond presented elongated cracks, while no voids were present for ACTIVA™BioACTIVE-BASE/LINER™ and SDR™. Moreover, the resin matrix of some dental materials may inhibit elements' accumulation on the surface layers. Particularly, the detected organic eluents may be related to potential toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triantafyllia Vouzara
- Division of Dental Tissues’ Pathology and Therapeutics (Basic Dental Sciences, Endodontology and Operative Dentistry), School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (T.V.); (K.R.); (A.K.N.); (K.T.)
| | - Konstantina Roussou
- Division of Dental Tissues’ Pathology and Therapeutics (Basic Dental Sciences, Endodontology and Operative Dentistry), School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (T.V.); (K.R.); (A.K.N.); (K.T.)
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 541 24, Greece
| | - Alexandros K. Nikolaidis
- Division of Dental Tissues’ Pathology and Therapeutics (Basic Dental Sciences, Endodontology and Operative Dentistry), School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (T.V.); (K.R.); (A.K.N.); (K.T.)
| | - Kosmas Tolidis
- Division of Dental Tissues’ Pathology and Therapeutics (Basic Dental Sciences, Endodontology and Operative Dentistry), School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (T.V.); (K.R.); (A.K.N.); (K.T.)
| | - Elisabeth A. Koulaouzidou
- Division of Dental Tissues’ Pathology and Therapeutics (Basic Dental Sciences, Endodontology and Operative Dentistry), School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (T.V.); (K.R.); (A.K.N.); (K.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2310-999-616
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Xu Q, A S, Venet M, Gao Y, Zhou D, Wang W, Zeng M, Rotella C, Li X, Wang X, Lyu J, Rodriguez BJ, Wang W. Bacteria‐Resistant Single Chain Cyclized/Knotted Polymer Coatings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xu
- Charles Institute of DermatologySchool of MedicineUniversity College Dublin Ireland
| | - Sigen A
- Charles Institute of DermatologySchool of MedicineUniversity College Dublin Ireland
| | - Manon Venet
- Charles Institute of DermatologySchool of MedicineUniversity College Dublin Ireland
| | - Yongsheng Gao
- Charles Institute of DermatologySchool of MedicineUniversity College Dublin Ireland
| | - Dezhong Zhou
- Charles Institute of DermatologySchool of MedicineUniversity College Dublin Ireland
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology (SCET)Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringTianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional MaterialsTianjin University Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Ming Zeng
- Charles Institute of DermatologySchool of MedicineUniversity College Dublin Ireland
| | - Chiara Rotella
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical ResearchUniversity College Dublin Ireland
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Charles Institute of DermatologySchool of MedicineUniversity College Dublin Ireland
| | - Xi Wang
- Charles Institute of DermatologySchool of MedicineUniversity College Dublin Ireland
| | - Jing Lyu
- Charles Institute of DermatologySchool of MedicineUniversity College Dublin Ireland
| | - Brian J. Rodriguez
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical ResearchUniversity College Dublin Ireland
| | - Wenxin Wang
- Charles Institute of DermatologySchool of MedicineUniversity College Dublin Ireland
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and FunctionalizationDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang University 310027 Hangzhou China
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Xu Q, A S, Venet M, Gao Y, Zhou D, Wang W, Zeng M, Rotella C, Li X, Wang X, Lyu J, Rodriguez BJ, Wang W. Bacteria‐Resistant Single Chain Cyclized/Knotted Polymer Coatings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:10616-10620. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xu
- Charles Institute of DermatologySchool of MedicineUniversity College Dublin Ireland
| | - Sigen A
- Charles Institute of DermatologySchool of MedicineUniversity College Dublin Ireland
| | - Manon Venet
- Charles Institute of DermatologySchool of MedicineUniversity College Dublin Ireland
| | - Yongsheng Gao
- Charles Institute of DermatologySchool of MedicineUniversity College Dublin Ireland
| | - Dezhong Zhou
- Charles Institute of DermatologySchool of MedicineUniversity College Dublin Ireland
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology (SCET)Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringTianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional MaterialsTianjin University Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Ming Zeng
- Charles Institute of DermatologySchool of MedicineUniversity College Dublin Ireland
| | - Chiara Rotella
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical ResearchUniversity College Dublin Ireland
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Charles Institute of DermatologySchool of MedicineUniversity College Dublin Ireland
| | - Xi Wang
- Charles Institute of DermatologySchool of MedicineUniversity College Dublin Ireland
| | - Jing Lyu
- Charles Institute of DermatologySchool of MedicineUniversity College Dublin Ireland
| | - Brian J. Rodriguez
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical ResearchUniversity College Dublin Ireland
| | - Wenxin Wang
- Charles Institute of DermatologySchool of MedicineUniversity College Dublin Ireland
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and FunctionalizationDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang University 310027 Hangzhou China
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Abstract
From the conception of resin-enamel adhesion to today's contemporary dental adhesive systems, clinicians are no longer afraid of exploring the many advantages brought by adhesive restorative concepts. To maximize the performance of adhesive-based restorative procedures, practitioners must be familiar with the mechanism of adhesion, clinical indications, proper handling, the inherent limitations of the materials and the biological challenges. This review provides an overview of the current status of restorative dental adhesives, their mechanism of adhesion, mechanisms of degradation of dental adhesive interfaces, how to maximize performance, and future trends in adhesive dentistry.
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