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Effect of Hydroxyapatite Coating in Combination with Physical Modifications on Microshear Bond Strength of Zirconia to Resin Cement. Int J Dent 2023; 2023:9523683. [PMID: 36660317 PMCID: PMC9845054 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9523683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Zirconia has been used as a reliable core material in dental restorations for years; however, its bonding to resin cement is a matter of challenge. Physical, chemical, and combinations of these techniques have been investigated to boost the properties of zirconia surface bonding. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of hydroxyapatite coating as a chemical therapy in combination with physical modifications on the microshear bond strength of the resin cement over zirconia. Methods In the present research, 60 sintered zirconia blocks (4 × 4 × 4 mm) were randomized into four groups of 15, including Al2O3 particle abrasion (group 1), HA coating (group 2), Al2O3 particle abrasion + HA coating (group 3), and Er, Cr: YSGG laser irradiation + HA coating (group 4). The microshear bond strength was determined by bonding the blocks to the resin cement. Results The bond strengths (mean ± standard deviation) of modified zirconia surfaces were 16.93 ± 4.94 MPa, 16.14 ± 5.4 MPa, 19.4 ± 5.27 MPa, and 16.21 ± 3.7 MPa in groups 1-4, respectively. Test results of the ANOVA test revealed no significant difference regarding the bond strength values of zirconia surfaces to the resin cement between the studied preparation modalities (p > 0.05). Conclusion Observations from the present study showed that HA coating can be as effective as the air-borne particle abrasion technique in improving bond strength to zirconia surfaces. Moreover, sandblasting by an aluminum oxide or Er, Cr: YSGG laser irradiation prior to HA coating of zirconia showed no significant effect on the reinforcement of bond strength values when compared to HA coating alone. The clinic hydroxyapatite coating alone or in combination with physical treatments improves the bond strength of zirconia to resin cement.
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Alammar A, Blatz MB. The resin bond to high‐translucent zirconia—A systematic review. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2022; 34:117-135. [DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amirah Alammar
- Sijam Medical Center, Private Practice Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Markus B. Blatz
- School of Dental Medicine, Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
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Sun C, Xu D, Hou C, Zhang H, Li Y, Zhang Q, Wang H, Zhu M. Core-shell structured SiO 2@ZrO 2@SiO 2 filler for radiopacity and ultra-low shrinkage dental composite resins. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 121:104593. [PMID: 34090118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
To overcome the interfacial problem between X-ray radiopaque ZrO2 fillers and polymer resin in dental composites, monodispersed SiO2@ZrO2@SiO2 (SZS) microspheres with narrow size distribution were prepared by a controlled sol-gel method. In the presence of SiO2 coating layer over SiO2@ZrO2 (SZ) microspheres, they were easily silanized same as SiO2 microspheres. Ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate (EBPADMA) with a higher molecular weight and a lower viscosity was used as base resin monomer mixed with a low amount of diluent triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA). Additionally, the addition of a small amount of pore agent acetone dicarboxylic acid (ADCA) produced some voids, thereby effectively reducing the polymerization shrinkage of the resin. The prepared dental composites combining 52 wt% monodispersed silica microsphere, 20 wt% SZS microspheres, exhibited significantly enhanced capacity in radiopacity (higher than tooth enamel) and very low shrinkage (<0.1%). It also has better mechanical properties than resin composites filled with SiO2 microspheres, and its strength can meet practical applications. The properties of the radiopaque dental composite were to be further tuned by varying the amount of SZS microspheres contents, and the radiopaque resin has an advantage over the commercial one in that it is clinically nondestructive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanyue Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China
| | - Dongyu Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China
| | - Chengyi Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China.
| | - Yaogang Li
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Glasses Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China
| | - Qinghong Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Glasses Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China.
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China
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4
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Ayre WN, Scully N, Elford C, Evans BA, Rowe W, Rowlands J, Mitha R, Malpas P, Manti P, Holt C, Morgan-Jones R, Birchall JC, Denyer SP, Evans SL. Alternative radiopacifiers for polymethyl methacrylate bone cements: Silane-treated anatase titanium dioxide and yttria-stabilised zirconium dioxide. J Biomater Appl 2021; 35:1235-1252. [PMID: 33573445 PMCID: PMC8058833 DOI: 10.1177/0885328220983797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement is widely used for anchoring joint arthroplasties. In cement brands approved for these procedures, micron-sized particles (usually barium sulphate, BaSO4) act as the radiopacifier. It has been postulated that these particles act as sites for crack initiation and subsequently cement fatigue. This study investigated whether alternative radiopacifiers, anatase titanium dioxide (TiO2) and yttria-stabilised zirconium dioxide (ZrO2), could improve the in vitro mechanical, fatigue crack propagation and biological properties of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement and whether their coating with a silane could further enhance cement performance. Cement samples containing 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25%w/w TiO2 or ZrO2 and 10%w/w silane-treated TiO2 or ZrO2 were prepared and characterised in vitro in terms of radiopacity, compressive and bending strength, bending modulus, fatigue crack propagation, hydroxyapatite forming ability and MC3T3-E1 cell attachment and viability. Cement samples with greater than 10%w/w TiO2 and ZrO2 had a similar radiopacity to the control 10%w/w BaSO4 cement and commercial products. The addition of TiO2 and ZrO2 to bone cement reduced the bending strength and fracture toughness and increased fatigue crack propagation due to the formation of agglomerations and voids. Silane treating TiO2 reversed this effect, enhancing the dispersion and adhesion of particles to the PMMA matrix and resulted in improved mechanical properties and fatigue crack propagation resistance. Silane-treated TiO2 cements had increased nucleation of hydroxyapatite and MC3T3-E1 cell attachment in vitro, without significantly compromising cell viability. This research has demonstrated that 10%w/w silane-treated anatase TiO2 is a promising alternative radiopacifier for PMMA bone cement offering additional benefits over conventional BaSO4 radiopacifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wendy Rowe
- School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jeff Rowlands
- School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ravi Mitha
- School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Paul Malpas
- School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Cathy Holt
- School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Rhidian Morgan-Jones
- Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, Cardiff & Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | - James C Birchall
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Stephen P Denyer
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - Sam L Evans
- School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Li R, Wang C, Ma SQ, Liu ZH, Zang CC, Zhang WY, Sun YC. High bonding strength between zirconia and composite resin based on combined surface treatment for dental restorations. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2020; 18:2280800020928655. [PMID: 33147097 DOI: 10.1177/2280800020928655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Zirconia is the preferred material for dental restorations; however, dental restorations are usually affected by zirconia fractures due to chipping and delamination of the veneer ceramic. One effective solution for repairing chemically inert zirconia frameworks is to strongly chemically bond them with the composite resin via surface modification. Thus, the bonding strength between the zirconia and composite resin determines the performance of dental restoration. Herein, we investigate the shear bond strength between zirconia ceramic and two ceramic repair systems before and after thermal cycling based on different surface pretreatments, including air-abrasion and a novel silane coupling agent. When treated with combined sandblasting, novel silane and 10-methacryloyloxydecyl hydrogen phosphate act as a bonding agent for the zirconia surface, and the maximum shear bond strength achieves 27.5 MPa, as measured by a universal testing machine through the average of 16 separate measurements. The results show that the combined treatment resists the interface damage caused by expansion and contraction during thermal cycling. The long-term bond durability is due to the micro-mechanical bond force formed by resin and ceramic, and the chemical bonds of Zr-O-Si at the interface. Results indicate that selective pretreating the surface results in high bond strength between the zirconia and the composite resin, which is meaningful to optimize dental restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shi Qing Ma
- Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zi Hao Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Cheng Cheng Zang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen Yi Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Chun Sun
- Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Uno S, Okada M, Taketa H, Torii Y, Matsumoto T. Toughening of highly translucent zirconia by monoclinic ZrO 2 and SiO 2 particle coating. Dent Mater J 2020; 39:295-301. [PMID: 31827055 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2018-415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of highly translucent partially stabilized zirconia (PSZ) need to be improved; however, improvement of mechanical properties often decreases translucency. To overcome this problem, a monoclinic ZrO2 (mZrO2)/SiO2 dispersion was prepared and applied as a coating material for PSZ. The influence of surface treatment by the mZrO2/SiO2 dispersion on the surface topography, crystallography, and mechanical properties of highly translucent PSZ was investigated in this study. Following the treatment, the mechanical strength of highly translucent PSZ improved by 170% compared with control, for the best mZrO2/SiO2 dispersion ratio and heating temperature condition, while maintaining its translucency. The proposed coating is promising for improving the mechanical properties of highly translucent PSZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Uno
- Department of Biomaterials, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University.,Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
| | - Masahiro Okada
- Department of Biomaterials, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
| | - Hiroaki Taketa
- Department of Biomaterials, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University.,Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
| | - Yasuhiro Torii
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
| | - Takuya Matsumoto
- Department of Biomaterials, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
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Okada M, Taketa H, Hara ES, Torii Y, Irie M, Matsumoto T. Improvement of mechanical properties of Y-TZP by thermal annealing with monoclinic zirconia nanoparticle coating. Dent Mater 2019; 35:970-978. [PMID: 31006551 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether a thermal annealing with a monoclinic zirconia (mZrO2) nanoparticle coating can improve the reliability of sandblasted yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (Y-TZP) and maintain its mechanical strength. METHODS Commercially available Y-TZP (Lava Frame, 3M Dental Products) disks were sintered and surface-treated as follows: AS (as sintered, with no treatment); SB (sandblasting); SB-TA (sandblasting followed by thermal annealing at 1000 °C); and SB-mZr-TA (sandblasting followed by thermal annealing at 1000 °C with the mZrO2 nanoparticle coating). The mZrO2 nanoparticles of 21 nm in size were prepared by a hydrothermal method, and coated onto Y-TZP sintered disks as a 5 g/L ethanol dispersion. Biaxial flexural strength (S) was measured using the piston-on-three-ball test, and reliability was evaluated by the Weibull modulus (m). RESULTS Biaxial flexural tests showed a significant increase in the strength of Group SB (SSB = 1445 ± 191 MPa) compared with Group AS (SAS = 1071 ± 112 MPa). The thermal annealing improved the reliabilities of the sandblasted Y-TZP (mSB-TA = 20.14 and mSB-mZr-TA = 21.33), as compared with Group SB (mSB = 7.77). However, the conventional thermal annealing without the mZrO2 coating caused a significant decrease in the strength of sandblasted Y-TZP (SSB-TA = 1273 ± 65 MPa). Importantly, the mZrO2 coating prevented the decrease in the strength caused by conventional thermal annealing (SSB-mZr-TA = 1379 ± 65 MPa). SIGNIFICANCE The thermal annealing with the mZrO2 nanoparticle coating can improve the reliability of sandblasted Y-TZP and maintain its mechanical strength, which would otherwise be decreased by the conventional annealing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Okada
- Department of Biomaterials, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Taketa
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Emilio Satoshi Hara
- Department of Biomaterials, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Torii
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Masao Irie
- Department of Biomaterials, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takuya Matsumoto
- Department of Biomaterials, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
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Okada M, Taketa H, Torii Y, Irie M, Matsumoto T. Optimal sandblasting conditions for conventional-type yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals. Dent Mater 2019; 35:169-175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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9
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Kimura H, Sakamoto T, Yamada B. Novel primer composed of a silane coupling agent and multi-thiol for adhesion of versatile dental materials. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Kimura
- 2833 Yamakita Kagami-cho; Konan-shi Kochi 781-5453 Japan
| | - T. Sakamoto
- 2833 Yamakita Kagami-cho; Konan-shi Kochi 781-5453 Japan
| | - B. Yamada
- 2833 Yamakita Kagami-cho; Konan-shi Kochi 781-5453 Japan
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Dimitriadi M, Panagiotopoulou A, Pelecanou M, Yannakopoulou K, Eliades G. Stability and reactivity of γ-ΜPTMS silane in some commercial primer and adhesive formulations. Dent Mater 2018; 34:1089-1101. [PMID: 29784461 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the stability and reactivity of γ-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (MPTMS) in commercially available primers and adhesives. METHODS Four representative primer formulations [Calibra Silane Coupling Agent/Dentsply (CLB), G-Multi Primer/GC (GMP), Kerr Silane Primer/Kerr (KSP), Monobond Plus/Ivoclar Vivadent (MBP)] and a universal adhesive [Scotchbond Universal/3M ESPE (SBU)] containing MPTMS were analyzed spectroscopically. For the stability study, the silanol content was evaluated in bulk solutions as received (reference-RE) and after aging (AG, 48°C/1month) by 1H, 13C, 31P NMR and in fresh films by transmission FTIR analysis (TIR, films applied on Ge windows after solvent evaporation). The reactivity, as expressed by the siloxane formation capacity of the RE products, was evaluated by micro-multiple internal reflectance FTIR analysis (MIR, films applied on Ge crystals) after drying and ethanol rinsing (t0) and following 1 (t1) and 24h (t24) storage (air/37°C). RESULTS NMR and TIR showed ∼60% MPTMS silanol groups in RE-CLB, with the other (∼40%) groups being methylated or ethoxylated. In AG-CLB, the silanol peaks further decreased, while ethoxylation and siloxane derivatization increased. In all other products and aging conditions no silanols were traced and formation of small- and large-size MPTMS derivatives was evident. Apart from the 10-MDP molecule, phosphorous impurities were identified in all RE specimens (2-5%), which after AG reached a maximum value of 15% (MBP). MIR analysis showed siloxane formation in all products, regardless the presence of free silanols (t1), which further increased at t24 especially in CLB, GMP and MBP. SIGNIFICANCE MPTMS silanols are very sensitive to mild thermal aging. Incorporation of MPTMS in the same vials with adhesive and conventional methacrylate monomers, results in derivatization with no detectable silanols, even in fresh materials. The condensates formed may induce additional siloxane formation due to residual activity, which greatly varies among the materials tested. These may have a detrimental effect on MPTMS silanol chemisorption and bonding capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dimitriadi
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Angeliki Panagiotopoulou
- Institutes of Biosciences & Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Pelecanou
- Institutes of Biosciences & Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantina Yannakopoulou
- Institutes of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - George Eliades
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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