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Ohno H, Suzuki M, Shinkai K. The Effect of Laser Irradiation to Surfaces of Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Fabrication Resin Blocks Coated with a Silane Coupling Agent on Bond Strength between the Resin Blocks and Composite Resin. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:290. [PMID: 38132428 PMCID: PMC10742938 DOI: 10.3390/dj11120290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of laser irradiation to computer-aided design/computer-aided fabrication (CAD/CAM) resin blocks coated with a silane coupling agent on the bond strength between resin blocks and composite resin. The CAD/CAM resin blocks used in this study were Cerasmart 300 (GC) and Vita Enamic (Vita); they were cut into plates and then subjected to a series of treatments. After processing with a silane coupling agent, treatment with a semiconductor laser was performed at 3.0, 5.0, and 7.0 W, followed by bonding procedures. The control group included those exposed to silane and bonded without laser application. After bonding, a mold with a simulated cavity was formed on the specimen and filled with flowable composite resin, and they were stored for 24 h or stressed by thermal cycling for subsequent testing that assessed the shear bond strength (n = 10). The results revealed that the bond strength was significantly enhanced by laser irradiation after applying a silane coupling agent (p < 0.03), whereas significant increase was not detected between the materials (p > 0.05). Particularly, 7 W laser irradiation had a significant increase on the bond strength between the composite resin and Cerasmart block after thermal cycling (p = 0.009). The SBS of the composite resin to CAD/CAM resin blocks was significantly enhanced by laser irradiation after silane coupling agent application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ohno
- Advanced Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, The Nippon Dental University, Niigata 951-8580, Japan;
| | - Masaya Suzuki
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, The Nippon Dental University, Niigata 951-8580, Japan;
| | - Koichi Shinkai
- Advanced Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, The Nippon Dental University, Niigata 951-8580, Japan;
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, The Nippon Dental University, Niigata 951-8580, Japan;
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Calheiros-Lobo MJ, Vieira T, Carbas R, da Silva LFM, Pinho T. Effectiveness of Self-Adhesive Resin Luting Cement in CAD-CAM Blocks-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2996. [PMID: 37109832 PMCID: PMC10140979 DOI: 10.3390/ma16082996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Self-adhesive resin cements (SARCs) are used because of their mechanical properties, ease of cementation protocols, and lack of requirements for acid conditioning or adhesive systems. SARCs are generally dual-cured, photoactivated, and self-cured, with a slight increase in acidic pH, allowing self-adhesiveness and increasing resistance to hydrolysis. This systematic review assessed the adhesive strength of SARC systems luted to different substrates and computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) ceramic blocks. The PubMed/MedLine and Science Direct databases were searched using the Boolean formula [((dental or tooth) AND (self-adhesive) AND (luting or cement) AND CAD-CAM) NOT (endodontics or implants)]. Of the 199 articles obtained, 31 were selected for the quality assessment. Lava Ultimate (resin matrix filled with nanoceramic) and Vita Enamic (polymer-infiltrated ceramic) blocks were the most tested. Rely X Unicem 2 was the most tested resin cement, followed by Rely X Unicem > Ultimate > U200, and μTBS was the test most used. The meta-analysis confirmed the substrate-dependent adhesive strength of SARCs, with significant differences between them and between SARCs and conventional resin-based adhesive cement (α < 0.05). SARCs are promising. However, one must be aware of the differences in the adhesive strengths. An appropriate combination of materials must be considered to improve the durability and stability of restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Calheiros-Lobo
- UNIPRO—Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- Conservative Dentistry, Department of Dental Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Tatiana Vieira
- UNIPRO—Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Carbas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- INEGI—Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Lucas F. M. da Silva
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- INEGI—Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Pinho
- UNIPRO—Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- IBMC—Instituto Biologia Molecular e Celular, i3S—Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), Institute of Innovation and Investigation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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Mizobuchi S, Kato T, Yamada B, Kan K, Ohtani M, Kobiro K. Influence of the nanostructural characteristics of inorganic fillers on the physical properties of resin cements. Dent Mater J 2023; 42:291-299. [PMID: 36624076 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2022-164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Light-curing resin cements, each comprising one of five different inorganic fillers (non-porous and porous spherical SiO2 particles, irregularly shaped glass and ZrO2 particles, and porous ZrO2 spheres), monomers, and polymerization initiators were prepared to determine the effect of filler morphology on the adhesive strength of the resin cement. The strength of adhesion to a computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) resin block was investigated mechanically by measuring the tensile bond strength, flexural strength, and elastic modulus. The resin cement containing sub-micron porous ZrO2 spheres had significantly higher tensile bond strength than the other resin cements. The resin cement containing the porous ZrO2 spheres had markedly lower flexural strength and elastic modulus values than the resin cements containing SiO2 and glass fillers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Mizobuchi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kochi University of Technology.,YAMAKIN Co., Ltd
| | | | | | - Kai Kan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kochi University of Technology.,Graduate School of Advanced Science and Technology, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
| | - Masataka Ohtani
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kochi University of Technology.,Center for Structural Nanochemistry, Research Institute of Kochi University of Technology
| | - Kazuya Kobiro
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kochi University of Technology.,Center for Structural Nanochemistry, Research Institute of Kochi University of Technology
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Adhesion to a CAD/CAM Composite: Causal Factors for a Reliable Long-Term Bond. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13040217. [PMID: 36412858 PMCID: PMC9680384 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13040217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Computer aided design/manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology has become an increasingly popular part of dentistry, which today also includes CAD/CAM resin-based composite (RBC) applications. Because CAD/CAM RBCs are much more difficult to bond, many methods and attachment materials are still being proposed, while the best application method is still a matter of debate. The present study therefore evaluates causal factors for a reliable long-term bond, which includes the surface preparation of the CAD/CAM RBC, aging and the type of luting material. The reliability of the bond was calculated, and supplemented by fractography to identify fracture mechanisms. Five categories of luting materials were used: (1) temporary zinc phosphate cement, (2) glass ionomer cement (GIC), (3) resin-modified GIC, (4) conventional adhesive resin cement (ARC), and (5) self-adhesive RC. Half of the CAD/CAM RBC surfaces (n = 200) were sandblasted (SB) with 50 µm aluminum oxide, while the other half remained untreated. Bond strength measurements of the 400 resulting specimens were carried out after 24 h (n = 200) or after additional aging (10,000 thermo-cycles between 5 and 55 °C) (n = 200). The data were statistically analyzed using one- and three-way ANOVA followed by Games-Howell post-hoc test (α = 0.05) and Weibull analysis. Aging resulted in a significant decrease in bond strength primarily for the conventional cements. The highest bond strengths and reliabilities were recorded for both ARCs. SB caused a significant increase in bond strength for most luting materials, but also caused microcracks in the CAD/CAM RBC. These microcracks might compromise the long-term reliability of the bond in vivo.
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Evaluation of the Fatigue Strength of a CAD-CAM Nanoceramic Resin Crown on Titanium and Zirconia-Titanium Abutments. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12031365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) resin block material for restoration of single-implant abutments can be milled and cemented on an optimized standard titanium abutment as a cheaper solution or, alternatively, individualization of the crown–abutment connection is required to fulfill the same mechanical requirements. The aim of this study was to evaluate how different structural and geometric configurations of the abutment influence the resistance of a nano ceramic resin crown (NCRC). During the test, 30 implants with an internal conical tapered configuration were considered. Each implant received a standard titanium abutment: in group 1, NCRCs were directly bonded to the titanium abutments; in group 2, NCRCs were cemented on a customized zirconia framework and then cemented on a standardized titanium abutment. Three crowns of each group were submitted to a static load test until failure. The remaining crowns were submitted to a fatigue test protocol with a dynamic load. The static and dynamic test showed earlier failure for group 1. In group 1, complete breaking of NCRCs was observed for all samples, with an almost total titanium abutment exposition. In the static tests, group 2 showed a mode of failure that involved only the crown, which partially debonded from the zirconia abutment. Within the limitations of the present preliminary study, it was possible to conclude that the shape of the abutment mainly influences the fatigue strength compared to the static tensile strength. The results of the performed test show that NCRC bonded to the customized zirconia abutments, and presented a 75% survival rate when compared to the same material bonded directly to a standard titanium abutment.
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Effects of Immediate and Delayed Cementations for CAD/CAM Resin Block after Alumina Air Abrasion on Adhesion to Newly Developed Resin Cement. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14227058. [PMID: 34832458 PMCID: PMC8620113 DOI: 10.3390/ma14227058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of one week of Computer-aided design/Computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) crown storage on the μTBS between resin cement and CAD/CAM resin composite blocks. The micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS) test groups were divided into 4 conditions. There are two types of CAD/CAM resin composite blocks, namely A block and P block (KATANA Avencia Block and KATANA Avencia P Block, Kuraray Noritake Dental, Tokyo, Japan) and two types of resin cements. Additionally, there are two curing methods (light cure and chemical cure) prior to the μTBS test—Immediate: cementation was performed immediately; Delay: cementation was conducted after one week of storage in air under laboratory conditions. The effect of Immediate and Delayed cementations were evaluated by a μTBS test, surface roughness measurements, light intensity measurements, water sorption measurements and Scanning electron microscope/Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM/EDS) analysis. From the results of the μTBS test, we found that Delayed cementation showed significantly lower bond strength than that of Immediate cementation for both resin cements and both curing methods using A block. There was no significant difference between the two types of resin cements or two curing methods. Furthermore, water sorption of A block was significantly higher than that of P block. Within the limitations of this study, alumina air abrasion of CAD/CAM resin composite restorations should be performed immediately before bonding at the chairside to minimize the effect of humidity on bonding.
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Zhang X, Zhang Q, Meng X, Ye Y, Feng D, Xue J, Wang H, Huang H, Wang M, Wang J. Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Resin-Based Materials Applied in Dental Restorations. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2975. [PMID: 34503014 PMCID: PMC8433687 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Resin-based materials have been prevalent for dental restorations over the past few decades and have been widely used for a variety of direct and indirect procedures. Typically, resin-based dental materials are required to be flowable or moldable before setting and can provide adequate mechanical strength after setting. The setting method may include, but is not limited to, light-curing, self-curing or heating. In this review, based on different indications of resin-based dental materials (e.g., dental filling composite, dental bonding agent, resin luting cement), their rheological and mechanical properties were reviewed. Viscous and flexible properties were focused on for materials before setting, while elastic properties and mechanical strength were focused on for materials after setting. At the same time, the factors that may affect their rheological and mechanical properties were discussed. It is anticipated that the insightful information and prospections of this study will be useful to the future development and fabrication of resin-based dental restorative materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 Xincun Rd., Zibo 255000, China; (X.Z.); (Q.Z.); (X.M.); (Y.Y.); (D.F.); (J.X.); (H.W.); (H.H.); (M.W.)
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Nagasawa Y, Eda Y, Shigeta H, Ferrari M, Nakajima H, Hibino Y. Effect of sandblasting and/or priming treatment on the shear bond strength of self-adhesive resin cement to CAD/CAM blocks. Odontology 2021; 110:70-80. [PMID: 34272634 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-021-00635-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two different priming agents and/or sandblasting on the shear bond strength of self-adhesive resin cement to the resin composite for core build-up to CAD/CAM blocks. A CAD/CAM ceramic block (GN I CERAMIC BLOCK, GC) and a CAD/CAM resin composite block (CERASMART 270, GC), a self-adhesive resin cement (G-CEM ONE, GC) and two different primers, i.e., a multipurpose primer (MP; G-Multi Primer, GC) and a ceramic primer (CP; Ceramic Primer II, GC), were examined. Five different surface treatments with priming and/or sandblasting and no surface treatment (control) were performed on the block. Disk specimens (6 mm in diameter and 4 mm in thickness) made from core composites were cemented to the blocks after the surface treatments. Then, the 24-h shear bond strength of the resin cement between the block and the resin composite core was determined (n = 15). Sandblasted specimens had greater bond strength than controls for both blocks (p < 0.05). Priming to both blocks significantly increased the bond strength of resin cement compared to that of controls (p < 0.05). Although Weibull moduli were not significantly changed among all surface treatments for both blocks, the strengths with 5% and 95% failure probability of sandblasted and/or primed blocks were estimated to be greater than those of controls. The combination of priming and sandblasting to the CAD/CAM composite and ceramic surface was effective in increasing the bond strength of the resin cement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Nagasawa
- Division of Dental Biomaterials Science, Department of Restorative and Biomaterials Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1, Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 350-0283, Japan.
| | - Yoshikazu Eda
- Division of Dental Biomaterials Science, Department of Restorative and Biomaterials Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1, Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 350-0283, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Shigeta
- Division of Dental Biomaterials Science, Department of Restorative and Biomaterials Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1, Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 350-0283, Japan
| | - Marco Ferrari
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Materials, School of Dental Medicine, University of Siena, Viale Mario Bracci, 16, Siena, Italy
| | - Hiroshi Nakajima
- Division of Dental Biomaterials Science, Department of Restorative and Biomaterials Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1, Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 350-0283, Japan
| | - Yasushi Hibino
- Division of Dental Biomaterials Science, Department of Restorative and Biomaterials Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1, Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 350-0283, Japan
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