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Nie H, Zhang Y, Li M, Wang W, Wang Z, Zheng J. Expression of microbial lipase in filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger: a review. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:172. [PMID: 38841267 PMCID: PMC11147998 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-03998-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipase has high economic importance and is widely used in biodiesel, food, detergents, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. The rapid development of synthetic biology and system biology has not only paved the way for comprehensively understanding the efficient operation mechanism of Aspergillus niger cell factories but also introduced a new technological system for creating and optimizing high-efficiency A. niger cell factories. In this review, all relevant data on microbial lipase enzyme sources and general properties are gathered and updated. The relationship between A. niger strain morphology and protein production is discussed. The safety of A. niger strain is investigated to ensure product safety. The biotechnologies and factors influencing lipase expression in A. niger are summarized. This review focuses on various strategies to improve lipase expression in A. niger. The summary of these methods and the application of the gene editing technology CRISPR/Cas9 system can further improve the efficiency of constructing the engineered lipase-producing A. niger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Nie
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 China
| | - Yueting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 China
| | - Mengjiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 China
| | - Weili Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 China
| | - Jianyong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 China
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Li Y, Li C, Fu Y, Zhang Q, Ma J, Zhou J, Li J, Du G, Liu S. A CRISPR/Cas9-based visual toolkit enabling multiplex integration at specific genomic loci in Aspergillus niger. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2024; 9:209-216. [PMID: 38385153 PMCID: PMC10876486 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2024.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus niger is a highly versatile fungal strain utilized in industrial production. The expression levels of recombinant genes in A. niger can be enhanced by increasing the copy number. Nevertheless, given the prolonged gene editing cycle of A. niger, a "one-step" strategy facilitating the simultaneous integration of recombinant genes into multiple genomic loci would provide a definitive advantage. In our previous study, a visual multigene editing system (VMS) was designed to knock out five genes, employing a tRNA-sgRNA array that includes the pigment gene albA and the target genes. Building upon this system, hybrid donor DNAs (dDNAs) were introduced to establish a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based multiplex integration toolkit. Firstly, a CRISPR-Cas9 homology-directed repair (CRISPR-HDR) system was constructed in A. niger by co-transforming the CRISPR-Cas9 plasmid (with a highly efficient sgRNA) and the dDNA, resulting in precise integration of recombinant xylanase gene xynA into the target loci (the β-glucosidase gene bgl, the amylase gene amyA, and the acid amylase gene ammA). Subsequently, the length of homology arms in the dDNA was optimized to achieve 100% editing efficiency at each of the three gene loci. To achieve efficient multiplex integration in A. niger, the CRISPR plasmid pLM2 carrying a sgRNA-tRNA array was employed for concurrent double-strand breaks at multiple loci (bgl, amyA, ammA, and albA). Hybrid dDNAs were then employed for repair, including dDNA1-3 (containing xynA expression cassettes without selection markers) and dDNAalbA (for albA knockout). Among the obtained white colonies (RLM2'), 23.5% exhibited concurrent replacement of the bgl, amyA, and ammA genes with xynA (three copies). Notably, the xynA activity obtained by simultaneous insertion into three loci was 48.6% higher compared to that obtained by insertion into only the bgl locus. Furthermore, this multiple integration toolkit successfully enhanced the expression of endogenous pectinase pelA and Candida antarctica lipase CALB. Hence, the combined application of VMS and the CRISPR-HDR system enabled the simultaneous application of multiple selection markers, facilitating the rapid generation in the A. niger cell factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Cen Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yishan Fu
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Dalian Research Institute of Petroleum and Petrochemicals, SINOPEC, Dalian, 116000, China
| | - Jianing Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116000, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Jianghua Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Guocheng Du
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Song Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, China
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Ji W, Xu L, Sun X, Xu X, Zhang H, Luo H, Yao B, Zhang W, Su X, Huang H. Exploiting Systematic Engineering of the Expression Cassette as a Powerful Tool to Enhance Heterologous Gene Expression in Trichoderma reesei. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:5307-5317. [PMID: 38426871 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Many endeavors in expressing a heterologous gene in microbial hosts rely on simply placing the gene of interest between a selected pair of promoters and terminator. However, although the expression efficiency could be improved by engineering the host cell, how modifying the expression cassette itself systematically would affect heterologous gene expression remains largely unknown. As the promoter and terminator bear plentiful cis-elements, herein using the Aspergillus niger mannanase with high application value in animal feeds and the eukaryotic filamentous fungus workhorse Trichoderma reesei as a model gene/host, systematic engineering of an expression cassette was investigated to decipher the effect of its mutagenesis on heterologous gene expression. Modifying the promoter, signal peptide, the eukaryotic-specific Kozak sequence, and the 3'-UTR could stepwise improve extracellular mannanase production from 17 U/mL to an ultimate 471 U/mL, representing a 27.7-fold increase in expression. The strategies can be generally applied in improving the production of heterologous proteins in eukaryotic microbial hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangli Ji
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xianhua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xinxin Xu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Honglian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huiying Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoyun Su
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huoqing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
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Li K, Zheng J, Yu L, Wang B, Pan L. Exploration of the Strategy for Improving the Expression of Heterologous Sweet Protein Monellin in Aspergillus niger. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9050528. [PMID: 37233239 DOI: 10.3390/jof9050528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus niger is a primary cell factory for food-grade protein (enzyme) production due to its strong protein secretion capacity and unique safety characteristics. The bottleneck issue for the current A. niger expression system is the difference in expression yield of heterologous proteins of non-fungal origin compared to those of fungal origin, which is about three orders of magnitude. The sweet protein monellin, derived from West African plants, has the potential to become a food-grade sweetener due to its high sweetness and the benefit of not containing sugar itself, but it is extremely difficult to establish a research model for heterologous expression in A. niger, owing to extremely low expression, a small molecular weight, and being undetectable with conventional protein electrophoresis. HiBiT-Tag was fused with low-expressing monellin in this work to create a research model for heterologous protein expression in A. niger at ultra-low levels. We increased monellin expression by increasing the monellin copy number, fusing monellin with the endogenous highly expressed glycosylase glaA, and eliminating extracellular protease degradation, among other strategies. In addition, we investigated the effects of overexpression of molecular chaperones, inhibiting the ERAD pathway, and enhancing the synthesis of phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylcholine, and diglycerides in the biomembrane system. Using medium optimization, we finally obtained 0.284 mg/L of monellin in the supernatant of the shake flask. This is the first time recombinant monellin has been expressed in A. niger, with the goal of investigating ways to improve the secretory expression of heterologous proteins at ultra-low levels, which can serve as a model for the expression of other heterologous proteins in A. niger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Junwei Zheng
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Leyi Yu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bin Wang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Li Pan
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Yan S, Xu Y, Tao XM, Yu XW. Alleviating vacuolar transport improves cellulase production in Trichoderma reesei. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:2483-2499. [PMID: 36917273 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12478-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Increasing cellulase production in cellulolytic fungus Trichoderma reesei is of interest for biofuels and biorefineries. Previous studies indicated that secreted protein was occasionally accumulated in vacuoles; this phenomenon has also been reported in T. reesei. Therefore, alleviating vacuolar transport seems to be a promising strategy for improving cellulase production in T. reesei. Herein, we found that knockout of vps10, vps13, and vps21, among 11 vacuolar protein sorting factors, improved cellulase production in T. reesei. The filter paper activity in Δvps10, Δvps13, and Δvps21 increased by 1.28-, 2.45-, and 2.11-fold than that of the parent strain. Moreover, the β-glucosidase activity in Δvps13 and Δvps21 increased by 3.22- and 3.56-fold after 6 days of fermentation. Furthermore, we also found that the vacuolar trafficking towards vacuoles was partially impaired in three knockout mutants, and disruption of vps13 alleviated the autophagy process. These results indicated that alleviated transport and degradation towards vacuole in Δvps10, Δvps13, and Δvps21 might improve cellulase production. Of note, the expression of cellulase genes in Δvps13 and Δvps21 was dramatically increased in the late induction phase compared to the parent. These results suggested that Vps13 and Vps21 might influence the cellulase production at transcription level. And further transcriptome analysis indicated that increased cellulase gene expression might be attributed to the differential expression of sugar transporters. Our study unravels the effect of alleviating vacuolar transport through knockout vps10, vps13, and vps21 for efficient cellulase secretion, providing new clues for higher cellulase production in T. reesei. KEY POINTS: • Disruption of vps10, vps13 or vps21 improves cellulase production • Vacuolar transport is impaired in three vps KO mutants • Deletion of vps13 or vps21 increases the transcript of cellulase genes in late stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Yan
- Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiu-Mei Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Yu
- Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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Gao J, Liu H, Zhang Z, Liang Z. Establishment, optimization, and application of genetic technology in Aspergillus spp. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1141869. [PMID: 37025635 PMCID: PMC10071863 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1141869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus is widely distributed in nature and occupies a crucial ecological niche, which has complex and diverse metabolic pathways and can produce a variety of metabolites. With the deepening of genomics exploration, more Aspergillus genomic informations have been elucidated, which not only help us understand the basic mechanism of various life activities, but also further realize the ideal functional transformation. Available genetic engineering tools include homologous recombinant systems, specific nuclease based systems, and RNA techniques, combined with transformation methods, and screening based on selective labeling. Precise editing of target genes can not only prevent and control the production of mycotoxin pollutants, but also realize the construction of economical and efficient fungal cell factories. This paper reviewed the establishment and optimization process of genome technologies, hoping to provide the theoretical basis of experiments, and summarized the recent progress and application in genetic technology, analyzes the challenges and the possibility of future development with regard to Aspergillus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Huiqing Liu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihong Liang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- The Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhihong Liang,
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Lu B, Xian L, Zhu J, Wei Y, Yang C, Cheng Z. A Novel Endo-Polygalacturonase from Penicillium oxalicum: Gene Cloning, Heterologous Expression and Its Use in Acidic Fruit Juice Extraction. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:464-472. [PMID: 35001012 PMCID: PMC9628815 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2112.12023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
An endo-polygalacturonase (endo-PGase) exhibiting excellent performance during acidic fruit juice production would be highly attractive to the fruit juice industry. However, candidate endo-PGases for this purpose have rarely been reported. In this study, we expressed a gene from Penicillium oxalicum in Pichia pastoris. The recombinant enzyme PoxaEnPG28C had an optimal enzyme activity at pH 4.5 and 45°C and was stable at pH 3.0-6.5 and < 45°C. The enzyme had a specific activity of 4,377.65 ± 55.37 U/mg towards polygalacturonic acid, and the Km and Vmax values of PoxaEnPG28C were calculated as 1.64 g/l and 6127.45 U/mg, respectively. PoxaEnPG28C increased the light transmittance of orange, lemon, strawberry and hawthorn juice by 13.9 ± 0.3%, 29.4 ± 3.8%, 95.7 ± 10.2% and 79.8 ± 1.7%, respectively; it reduced the viscosity of the same juices by 25.7 ± 1.6%, 52.0 ± 4.5%, 48.2 ± 0.7% and 80.5 ± 2.3%, respectively, and it increased the yield of the juices by 24.5 ± 0.7%, 12.7 ± 2.2%, 48.5 ± 4.2% and 104.5 ± 6.4%, respectively. Thus, PoxaEnPG28C could be considered an excellent candidate enzyme for acidic fruit juice production. Remarkably, fruit juice production using hawthorn as an material was reported for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Lu
- National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, 98 Daling Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, P.R. China
| | - Liang Xian
- National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, 98 Daling Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Nanning University, 8 Longting Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, P.R. China
| | - Yunyi Wei
- Nanning University, 8 Longting Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, P.R. China
| | - Chengwei Yang
- Nanning University, 8 Longting Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, P.R. China
| | - Zhong Cheng
- Nanning University, 8 Longting Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, P.R. China,Corresponding author Phone: +86-771-5900891 Fax: +86-771-5900885 E-mail:
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Li Q, Lu J, Zhang G, Liu S, Zhou J, Du G, Chen J. Recent advances in the development of Aspergillus for protein production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 348:126768. [PMID: 35091037 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus had been widely used in the industrial production of recombinant proteins. In addition to the safety and broad substrate utilization spectrum, its efficient post-translational modification and strong protein secretion capacity have significant advantages for developing an excellent protein-producing cell factory in industrial production. However, the difficulties in genetic manipulation of Aspergillus and varying expression levels of different heterologous proteins hampered its further development and application. Recently, the development of CRISPR genome editing and high-throughput screening platforms has facilitated the Aspergillus development of a wide range of modifications and applications. Meanwhile, multi-omics analysis and multiplexed genetic engineering have promoted effective knowledge mining. This paper provides a comprehensive and updated review of these advances, including high-throughput screening, genome editing, protein expression modules, and fermentation optimization. It also highlights and discusses the latest significant progress, aiming to provide a practical guide for implementing Aspergillus as an efficient protein-producing cell factory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Li
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jinchang Lu
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhang
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Song Liu
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Guocheng Du
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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Yan S, Xu Y, Yu XW. Rational engineering of xylanase hyper-producing system in Trichoderma reesei for efficient biomass degradation. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:90. [PMID: 33832521 PMCID: PMC8033665 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-01943-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei has been widely used as a workhorse for cellulase and xylanase productions. Xylanase has been reported as the crucial accessory enzyme in the degradation of lignocellulose for higher accessibility of cellulase. In addition, the efficient hydrolysis of xylan needs the co-work of multiple xylanolytic enzymes, which rise an increasing demand for the high yield of xylanase for efficient biomass degradation. RESULTS In this study, a xylanase hyper-producing system in T. reesei was established by tailoring two transcription factors, XYR1 and ACE1, and homologous overexpression of the major endo-xylanase XYNII. The expressed xylanase cocktail contained 5256 U/mL xylanase activity and 9.25 U/mL β-xylosidase (pNPXase) activity. Meanwhile, the transcription level of the xylanolytic genes in the strain with XYR1 overexpressed was upregulated, which was well correlated with the amount of XYR1-binding sites. In addition, the higher expression of associated xylanolytic enzymes would result in more efficient xylan hydrolysis. Besides, 2310-3085 U/mL of xylanase activities were achieved using soluble carbon source, which was more efficient and economical than the traditional strategy of xylan induction. Unexpectedly, deletion of ace1 in C30OExyr1 did not give any improvement, which might be the result of the disturbed function of the complex formed between ACE1 and XYR1. The enzymatic hydrolysis of alkali pretreated corn stover using the crude xylanase cocktails as accessory enzymes resulted in a 36.64% increase in saccharification efficiency with the ratio of xylanase activity vs FPase activity at 500, compared to that using cellulase alone. CONCLUSIONS An efficient and economical xylanase hyper-producing platform was developed in T. reesei RUT-C30. The novel platform with outstanding ability for crude xylanase cocktail production would greatly fit in biomass degradation and give a new perspective of further engineering in T. reesei for industrial purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Yan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Wei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.
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Adina SR, Suwanto A, Meryandini A, Puspitasari E. Expression of novel acidic lipase from Micrococcus luteus in Pichia pastoris and its application in transesterification. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2021; 19:55. [PMID: 33826047 PMCID: PMC8026790 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-021-00155-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Background Lipases are promising biocatalysts for industrial applications and attract attention to be explored. A novel acidic lipase has been isolated from the lipolytic bacteria Micrococcus luteus EMP48-D (LipEMP48-D) screened from tempeh. The lipase gene had previously been overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21, but the expression level obtained was relatively low. Here, to improve the expression level, the lipase gene was cloned to Pichia pastoris. We eliminated the native signal sequence of M. luteus and replaced it with α-mating factor (α-MF) signal sequence. We also optimized and synthesized the lipase gene based on codon preference in P. pastoris. Results LipEMP48-D lipase was expressed as an extracellular protein. Codon optimization has been conducted for 20 codons, with the codon adaption index reaching 0.995. The highest extracellular lipase activity obtained reached 145.4 ± 4.8 U/mg under AOX1 promoter in P. pastoris KM71 strain, which was 9.7-fold higher than the previous activity in E. coli. LipEMP48-D showed the highest specific activity at pH 5.0 and stable within the pH range 3.0–5.0 at 40 °C. LipEMP48-D also has the capability of hydrolyzing various long-chain triglycerides, particularly olive oil (100%) followed by sunflower oil (88.5%). LipEMP48-D exhibited high tolerance for various polar organic solvents with low log P, such as isopropanol (115.7%) and butanol (114.6%). The metal ions (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn+) decreased enzyme activity up to 43.1%, while Fe2+ increased relative activity of enzymes up to 200%. The conversion of free fatty acid (FFA) into fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) was low around 2.95%. Conclusions This study was the first to report overexpression of Micrococcus lipase in yeast. The extracellular expression of this acidic lipase could be potential for biocatalyst in industrial fields, especially organic synthesis, food industry, and production of biodiesel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selfela Restu Adina
- Graduate School of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, IPB University, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
| | - Antonius Suwanto
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, IPB University, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia.
| | - Anja Meryandini
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, IPB University, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
| | - Esti Puspitasari
- Department of Biotechnology Research and Development, PT Wilmar Benih Indonesia, Bekasi, 17530, Indonesia
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Son YE, Park HS. Genetic Manipulation and Transformation Methods for Aspergillus spp. MYCOBIOLOGY 2020; 49:95-104. [PMID: 37970179 PMCID: PMC10635212 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2020.1838115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Species of the genus Aspergillus have a variety of effects on humans and have been considered industrial cell factories due to their prominent ability for manufacturing several products such as heterologous proteins, secondary metabolites, and organic acids. Scientists are trying to improve fungal strains and re-design metabolic processes through advanced genetic manipulation techniques and gene delivery systems to enhance their industrial efficiency and utility. In this review, we describe the current status of the genetic manipulation techniques and transformation methods for species of the genus Aspergillus. The host strains, selective markers, and experimental materials required for the genetic manipulation and fungal transformation are described in detail. Furthermore, the advantages and disadvantages of these techniques are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Eun Son
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Soo Park
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrative Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Li C, Zhou J, Du G, Chen J, Takahashi S, Liu S. Developing Aspergillus niger as a cell factory for food enzyme production. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 44:107630. [PMID: 32919011 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus niger has become one of the most important hosts for food enzyme production due to its unique food safety characteristics and excellent protein secretion systems. A series of food enzymes such as glucoamylase have been commercially produced by A. niger strains, making this species a suitable platform for the engineered of strains with improved enzyme production. However, difficulties in genetic manipulations and shortage of expression strategies limit the progress in this regard. Moreover, several mycotoxins have recently been detected in some A. niger strains, which raises the necessity for a regulatory approval process for food enzyme production. With robust strains, processing engineering strategies are also needed for producing the enzymes on a large scale, which is also challenging for A. niger, since its culture is aerobic, and non-Newtonian fluid properties are developed during submerged culture, making mixing and aeration very energy-intensive. In this article, the progress and challenges of developing A. niger for the production of food enzymes are reviewed, including its genetic manipulations, strategies for more efficient production of food enzymes, and elimination of mycotoxins for product safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cen Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Guocheng Du
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Jian Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Shunji Takahashi
- Natural Product Biosynthesis Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Song Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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Advances in Recombinant Lipases: Production, Engineering, Immobilization and Application in the Pharmaceutical Industry. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10091032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipases are one of the most used enzymes in the pharmaceutical industry due to their efficiency in organic syntheses, mainly in the production of enantiopure drugs. From an industrial viewpoint, the selection of an efficient expression system and host for recombinant lipase production is highly important. The most used hosts are Escherichia coli and Komagataella phaffii (previously known as Pichia pastoris) and less often reported Bacillus and Aspergillus strains. The use of efficient expression systems to overproduce homologous or heterologous lipases often require the use of strong promoters and the co-expression of chaperones. Protein engineering techniques, including rational design and directed evolution, are the most reported strategies for improving lipase characteristics. Additionally, lipases can be immobilized in different supports that enable improved properties and enzyme reuse. Here, we review approaches for strain and protein engineering, immobilization and the application of lipases in the pharmaceutical industry.
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