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Sharma N, Shekhar P, Kumar V, Kaur H, Jayasena V. Microbial pigments: Sources, current status, future challenges in cosmetics and therapeutic applications. J Basic Microbiol 2024; 64:4-21. [PMID: 37861279 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202300214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Color serves as the initial attraction and offers a pleasing aspect. While synthetic colorants have been popular for many years, their adverse environmental and health effects cannot be overlooked. This necessitates the search for natural colorants, especially microbial colorants, which have proven and more effective. Pigment-producing microorganisms offer substantial benefits. Natural colors improve product marketability and bestow additional benefits, including antioxidant, antiaging, anticancer, antiviral, antimicrobial, and antitumor properties. This review covers the various types of microbial pigments, the methods to enhance their production, and their cosmetic and therapeutic applications. We also address the challenges faced during the commercial production of microbial pigments and propose potential solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Sharma
- Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Landran, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | | | - Vikas Kumar
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Landran, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Vijay Jayasena
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
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Sim WJ, Kim J, Baek KS, Lim W, Lim TG. Porcine Placenta Peptide Inhibits UVB-Induced Skin Wrinkle Formation and Dehydration: Insights into MAPK Signaling Pathways from In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:83. [PMID: 38203253 PMCID: PMC10778591 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight accelerates skin aging, leading to various clinical manifestations such as wrinkles, dryness, and loss of elasticity. This study investigated the protective effects of porcine placenta peptide (PPP) against UVB-induced skin photoaging. Female hairless SKH-1 mice were orally administered PPP for 12 weeks, followed by UVB irradiation. PPP significantly reduced wrinkle formation, improved skin moisture levels, and prevented collagen degradation. Mechanistically, PPP inhibited the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and upregulated collagen production. Moreover, PPP elevated hyaluronic acid levels, contributing to enhanced skin hydration. Additionally, PPP demonstrated antioxidant properties by increasing the expression of the antioxidant enzyme GPx-1, thereby reducing UVB-induced inflammation. Further molecular analysis revealed that PPP suppressed the activation of p38 MAP kinase and JNK signaling pathways, crucial mediators of UV-induced skin damage. These findings highlight the potential of porcine placental peptides as a natural and effective intervention against UVB-induced skin photoaging. The study provides valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of PPP, emphasizing its potential applications in skincare and anti-aging formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Jin Sim
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jinhak Kim
- R&D Division, Daehan Chemtech Co., Ltd., Gwacheon-si 13840, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (K.-S.B.)
| | - Kwang-Soo Baek
- R&D Division, Daehan Chemtech Co., Ltd., Gwacheon-si 13840, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (K.-S.B.)
| | - Wonchul Lim
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea;
- Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Gyu Lim
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea;
- Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
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Kim HJ, Lee MS, Jeong SK, Lee SJ. Transcriptomic analysis of the antimicrobial activity of prodigiosin against Cutibacterium acnes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17412. [PMID: 37833344 PMCID: PMC10576067 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44612-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Prodigiosin, a red pigment produced by Hahella chejuensis, a marine-derived microorganism, has several biological functions, including antimicrobial activity and inflammatory relief. In this study, the antibacterial activity of prodigiosin against skin microorganisms was explored. Paper disc assay on skin bacterial cells revealed that Cutibacterium acnes related to acne vulgaris highly susceptible to prodigiosin. MIC (Minimal Inhibitory Concentration) and MBC (Minimal Bactericidal Concentration) were determined on Cutibacterium species. The RNA-seq analysis of prodigiosin-treated C. acnes cells was performed to understand the antibacterial mechanism of prodigiosin. Among changes in the expression of hundreds of genes, the expression of a stress-responsive sigma factor encoded by sigB increased. Conversely, the gene expression of cell wall biosynthesis and energy metabolism was inhibited by prodigiosin. Specifically, the expression of genes related to the metabolism of porphyrin, a pro-inflammatory metabolite, was significantly reduced. Therefore, prodigiosin could be used to control C. acnes. Our study provided new insights into the antimicrobial mechanism of prodigiosin against C. acnes strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ju Kim
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, and Institute of Microbiomics, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Seung Lee
- Environmental Diseases Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Kyoo Jeong
- Research Division, Incospharm Corp., Daejeon, 34036, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jun Lee
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, and Institute of Microbiomics, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea.
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Jeong YJ, Kim HJ, Kim S, Park SY, Kim H, Jeong S, Lee SJ, Lee MS. Enhanced Large-Scale Production of Hahella chejuensis-Derived Prodigiosin and Evaluation of Its Bioactivity. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:1624-1631. [PMID: 34675142 PMCID: PMC9705908 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2109.09039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Prodigiosin as a high-valued compound, which is a microbial secondary metabolite, has the potential for antioxidant and anticancer effects. However, the large-scale production of functionally active Hahella chejuensis-derived prodigiosin by fermentation in a cost-effective manner has yet to be achieved. In the present study, we established carbon source-optimized medium conditions, as well as a procedure for producing prodigiosin by fermentation by culturing H. chejuensis using 10 L and 200 L bioreactors. Our results showed that prodigiosin productivity using 250 ml flasks was higher in the presence of glucose than other carbon sources, including mannose, sucrose, galactose, and fructose, and could be scaled up to 10 L and 200 L batches. Productivity in the glucose (2.5 g/l) culture while maintaining the medium at pH 6.89 during 10 days of cultivation in the 200 L bioreactor was measured and increased more than productivity in the basal culture medium in the absence of glucose. Prodigiosin production from 10 L and 200 L fermentation cultures of H. chejuensis was confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses for more accurate identification. Finally, the anticancer activity of crude extracted prodigiosin against human cancerous leukemia THP-1 cells was evaluated and confirmed at various concentrations. Conclusively, we demonstrate that culture conditions for H. chejuensis using a bioreactor with various parameters and ethanol-based extraction procedures were optimized to mass-produce the marine bacterium-derived high purity prodigiosin associated with anti-cancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-jin Jeong
- Environmental Diseases Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Kim
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Suran Kim
- Environmental Diseases Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Young Park
- Environmental Diseases Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - HyeRan Kim
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sekyoo Jeong
- Research Division, Incospharm Corp., Daejeon 34036, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jun Lee
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea,
S.J. Lee Phone: +82-31-670-3356 E-mail:
| | - Moo-Seung Lee
- Environmental Diseases Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea,Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authors M.S. Lee Phone: +82-42-879-8292 E-mail:
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Comparative study of the photo‑protective and anti‑melanogenic properties of gomisin D, J and O. Mol Med Rep 2021; 25:8. [PMID: 34751410 PMCID: PMC8600414 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer is the most common human malignancy worldwide and solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation is known to serve an important role in its pathogenesis. Natural candidate compounds with antioxidant, photoprotective and anti-melanogenic effects were investigated against the background of skin photoprotective and anti-melanogenic properties. Gomisin D, J and O are dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans present in Kadsura medicinal plants and possess several pharmacological activities. In this study, the functions and mechanisms underlying the effects of gomisin D, J and O in UVA-and UVB-irradiated keratinocytes and α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-stimulated melanocytes were explored. Following UVA and UVB irradiation, keratinocytes were treated with gomisin D, J and O, and keratinocyte viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis were examined. The results demonstrated that gomisin D and J improved keratinocyte viability and reduced LDH release under UVA and UVB irradiation. Intracellular ROS production induced by UVA and UVB irradiation was suppressed by gomisin D and J. In addition, Annexin V and TUNEL staining analysis indicated that gomisin D and J have significant anti-apoptotic effects on UVA-and UVB-irradiated keratinocytes. After α-MSH stimulation, melanocytes were treated with gomisin D, J and O, and the changes in melanocyte viability, intracellular melanin content, intracellular tyrosinase activity, and mechanisms underlying these changes were examined. Gomisin D markedly inhibited the α-MSH-induced increase in intracellular melanin content and tyrosinase activity. Mechanistically, gomisin D reduced the protein and mRNA expression levels of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1 and TRP-2 in α-MSH-stimulated melanocytes. In addition, gomisin D markedly downregulated α-MSH-induced phosphorylation of protein kinase A and cAMP response element binding protein, which are known to be present upstream of the MITF, tyrosinase, TRP-1 and TRP-2 genes. Overall, gomisin D has photoprotective and anti-melanogenic effects; these findings provide a basis for the production of potential brightening and photoprotective agents using natural compounds such as gomisin D.
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