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Sen A, Ansari A, Swain A, Pandey B, Rajaraman G. Probing the Origins of Puzzling Reactivity in Fe/Mn-Oxo/Hydroxo Species toward C-H Bonds: A DFT and Ab Initio Perspective. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:14931-14941. [PMID: 37650771 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Activation of C-H bonds using an earth-abundant metal catalyst is one of the top challenges of chemistry, where high-valent Mn/Fe-oxo(hydroxo) biomimic species play an important role. There are several open questions related to the comparative oxidative abilities of these species, and a unifying concept that could accommodate various factors influencing reactivity is lacking. To shed light on these open questions, here, we have used a combination of density functional theory (DFT) (B3LYP-D3/def2-TZVP) and ab initio (CASSCF/NEVPT2) calculations to study a series of high-valent metal-oxo species [Mn+H3buea(O/OH)] (M = Mn and Fe, n = II to V; H3buea = tris[(N'-tert-butylureaylato)-N-ethylene)]aminato towards the activation of dihydroanthracene (DHA). The H-bonding network in the ligand architecture influences the ground state-excited state gap and brings several excited states of the same spin multiplicity closer in energy, which triggers reactivity via one of those excited states, reducing the kinetic barriers for the C-H bond activation and rationalizing several puzzling reactivity trends observed in various high-valent Mn/Fe-oxo(hydroxo) species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Sen
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai400076, India
| | - Azaj Ansari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai400076, India
| | - Abinash Swain
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai400076, India
| | - Bhawana Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai400076, India
| | - Gopalan Rajaraman
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai400076, India
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2
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Tripodi G, Roithová J. Unmasking the Iron-Oxo Bond of the [(Ligand)Fe-OIAr] 2+/+ Complexes. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:1636-1643. [PMID: 35920859 PMCID: PMC9460779 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ArIO (ArI = 2-(tBuSO2)C6H4I) is an oxidant used to oxidize FeII species to their FeIV-oxo state, enabling hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT) and oxygen-atom transfer (OAT) reactions at low energy barriers. ArIO, as a ligand, generates masked Fen═O species of the type Fe(n-2)-OIAr. Herein, we used gas-phase ion-molecule reactions and DFT calculations to explore the properties of masked iron-oxo species and to understand their unmasking mechanisms. The theory shows that the I-O bond cleavage in [(TPA)FeIVO(ArIO)]2+ (12+, TPA = tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine)) is highly endothermic; therefore, it can be achieved only in collision-induced dissociation of 12+ leading to the unmasked iron(VI) dioxo complex. The reduction of 12+ by HAT leads to [(TPA)FeIIIOH(ArIO)]2+ with a reduced energy demand for the I-O bond cleavage but is, however, still endothermic. The exothermic unmasking of the Fe═O bond is predicted after one-electron reduction of 12+ or after OAT reactivity. The latter leads to the 4e- oxidation of unsaturated hydrocarbons: The initial OAT from [(TPA)FeIVO(ArIO)]2+ leads to the epoxidation of an alkene and triggers the unmasking of the second Fe═O bond still within one collisional complex. The second oxidation step starts with HAT from a C-H bond and follows with the rebound of the C-radical and the OH group. The process starting with the one-electron reduction could be studied with [(TQA)FeIVO(ArIO)]2+ (22+, TQA = tris(2-quinolylmethyl)amine)) because it has a sufficient electron affinity for electron transfer with alkenes. Accordingly, the reaction of 22+ with 2-carene leads to [(TQA)FeIIIO(ArIO)]2+ that exothermically eliminates ArI and unmasks the reactive FeV-dioxo species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme
L. Tripodi
- Department of spectroscopy
and Catalysis, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jana Roithová
- Department of spectroscopy
and Catalysis, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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3
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Simons MC, Prinslow SD, Babucci M, Hoffman AS, Hong J, Vitillo JG, Bare SR, Gates BC, Lu CC, Gagliardi L, Bhan A. Beyond Radical Rebound: Methane Oxidation to Methanol Catalyzed by Iron Species in Metal-Organic Framework Nodes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:12165-12174. [PMID: 34314584 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent work has exploited the ability of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) to isolate Fe sites that mimic the structures of sites in enzymes that catalyze selective oxidations at low temperatures, opening new pathways for the valorization of underutilized feedstocks such as methane. Questions remain as to whether the radical-rebound mechanism commonly invoked in enzymatic and homogeneous systems also applies in these rigid-framework materials, in which resisting the overoxidation of desired products is a major challenge. We demonstrate that MOFs bearing Fe(II) sites within Fe3-μ3-oxo nodes active for conversion of CH4 + N2O mixtures (368-408 K) require steps beyond the radical-rebound mechanism to protect the desired CH3OH product. Infrared spectra and density functional theory show that CH3OH(g) is stabilized as Fe(III)-OCH3 groups on the MOF via hydrogen atom transfer with Fe(III)-OH groups, eliminating water. Consequently, upon addition of a protonic zeolite in inter- and intrapellet mixtures with the MOF, we observed increases in CH3OH selectivity with increasing ratio and proximity of zeolitic H+ to MOF-based Fe(II) sites, as methanol is protected within the zeolite. We infer from the data that CH3OH(g) is formed via the radical-rebound mechanism on Fe(II) sites but that subsequent transport and dehydration steps are required to protect CH3OH(g) from overoxidation. The results demonstrate that the radical-rebound mechanism commonly invoked in this chemistry is insufficient to explain the reactivity of these systems, that the selectivity-controlling steps involve both chemical and physical rate phenomena, as well as offering a strategy to mitigate overoxidation in these and similar systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Simons
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Steven D Prinslow
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Melike Babucci
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Adam S Hoffman
- SSRL, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Jiyun Hong
- SSRL, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Jenny G Vitillo
- Department of Science and High Technology and INSTM, University of Insubria, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Simon R Bare
- SSRL, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Bruce C Gates
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Connie C Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Laura Gagliardi
- Department of Chemistry, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The James Franck Institute and Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Aditya Bhan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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4
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Tripodi GL, Dekker MMJ, Roithová J, Que L. Tuning the H-Atom Transfer Reactivity of Iron(IV)-Oxo Complexes as Probed by Infrared Photodissociation Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:7126-7131. [PMID: 33393186 PMCID: PMC8048595 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Reactivities of non-heme iron(IV)-oxo complexes are mostly controlled by the ligands. Complexes with tetradentate ligands such as [(TPA)FeO]2+ (TPA=tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine) belong to the most reactive ones. Here, we show a fine-tuning of the reactivity of [(TPA)FeO]2+ by an additional ligand X (X=CH3 CN, CF3 SO3- , ArI, and ArIO; ArI=2-(t BuSO2 )C6 H4 I) attached in solution and reveal a thus far unknown role of the ArIO oxidant. The HAT reactivity of [(TPA)FeO(X)]+/2+ decreases in the order of X: ArIO > MeCN > ArI ≈ TfO- . Hence, ArIO is not just a mere oxidant of the iron(II) complex, but it can also increase the reactivity of the iron(IV)-oxo complex as a labile ligand. The detected HAT reactivities of the [(TPA)FeO(X)]+/2+ complexes correlate with the Fe=O and FeO-H stretching vibrations of the reactants and the respective products as determined by infrared photodissociation spectroscopy. Hence, the most reactive [(TPA)FeO(ArIO)]2+ adduct in the series has the weakest Fe=O bond and forms the strongest FeO-H bond in the HAT reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme L. Tripodi
- Department of spectroscopy and CatalysisInstitute for Molecules and MaterialsRadboud University NijmegenHeyendaalseweg 1356525AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Magda M. J. Dekker
- Department of spectroscopy and CatalysisInstitute for Molecules and MaterialsRadboud University NijmegenHeyendaalseweg 1356525AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Jana Roithová
- Department of spectroscopy and CatalysisInstitute for Molecules and MaterialsRadboud University NijmegenHeyendaalseweg 1356525AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Lawrence Que
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisTwin Cities 207 Pleasant Street SE55455MNUSA
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5
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Tripodi GL, Dekker MMJ, Roithová J, Que L. Tuning the H‐Atom Transfer Reactivity of Iron(IV)‐Oxo Complexes as Probed by Infrared Photodissociation Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme L. Tripodi
- Department of spectroscopy and Catalysis Institute for Molecules and Materials Radboud University Nijmegen Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Magda M. J. Dekker
- Department of spectroscopy and Catalysis Institute for Molecules and Materials Radboud University Nijmegen Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Jana Roithová
- Department of spectroscopy and Catalysis Institute for Molecules and Materials Radboud University Nijmegen Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Lawrence Que
- Department of Chemistry University of Minnesota Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant Street SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
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6
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Kass D, Corona T, Warm K, Braun-Cula B, Kuhlmann U, Bill E, Mebs S, Swart M, Dau H, Haumann M, Hildebrandt P, Ray K. Stoichiometric Formation of an Oxoiron(IV) Complex by a Soluble Methane Monooxygenase Type Activation of O 2 at an Iron(II)-Cyclam Center. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:5924-5928. [PMID: 32168447 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b13756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In soluble methane monooxygenase enzymes (sMMO), dioxygen (O2) is activated at a diiron(II) center to form an oxodiiron(IV) intermediate Q that performs the challenging oxidation of methane to methanol. An analogous mechanism of O2 activation at mono- or dinuclear iron centers is rare in the synthetic chemistry. Herein, we report a mononuclear non-heme iron(II)-cyclam complex, 1-trans, that activates O2 to form the corresponding iron(IV)-oxo complex, 2-trans, via a mechanism reminiscent of the O2 activation process in sMMO. The conversion of 1-trans to 2-trans proceeds via the intermediate formation of an iron(III)-superoxide species 3, which could be trapped and spectroscopically characterized at -50 °C. Surprisingly, 3 is a stronger oxygen atom transfer (OAT) agent than 2-trans; 3 performs OAT to 1-trans or PPh3 to yield 2-trans quantitatively. Furthermore, 2-trans oxidizes the aromatic C-H bonds of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, which, together with the strong OAT ability of 3, represents new domains of oxoiron(IV) and superoxoiron(III) reactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin Kass
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Teresa Corona
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Warm
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Beatrice Braun-Cula
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Kuhlmann
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Straβe des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Eckhard Bill
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Stefan Mebs
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arminallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcel Swart
- ICREA, Lluis Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain.,IQCC, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Holger Dau
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arminallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Haumann
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arminallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Hildebrandt
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Straβe des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kallol Ray
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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7
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Maldonado-Domínguez M, Bím D, Fučík R, Čurík R, Srnec M. Reactive mode composition factor analysis of transition states: the case of coupled electron-proton transfers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:24912-24918. [PMID: 31690920 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05131g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A simple method for the evaluation of the kinetic energy distribution within the reactive mode of a transition state (TS), denoted as the Reactive Mode Composition Factor (RMCF), is presented. It allows one to directly map the barrier properties onto the atomic-motion components of the reaction coordinate at the TS, which has potential to shed light onto some mechanistic features of a chemical process. To demonstrate the applicability of RMCF to reactivity, we link the kinetic energy distribution within a reactive mode with the asynchronicity (η) in C-H bond activation, as they both evolve in a series of coupled proton-electron transfer (CPET) reactions between FeIVO oxidants and 1,4-cyclohexadiene. RMCF shows how the earliness or lateness of a process manifests as a redistribution of kinetic energy in the reactive mode as a function of the free energy of reaction (ΔG0) and η. Finally, the title analysis can be applied to predict H-atom tunneling contributions and kinetic isotope effects in a set of reactions, yielding a transparent rationalization based on the kinetic energy distributions in the reactive mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Maldonado-Domínguez
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, Prague 8, 18223, Czech Republic.
| | - Daniel Bím
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, Prague 8, 18223, Czech Republic. and Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, 16610, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Fučík
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Trojanova 13, 12000 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Čurík
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, Prague 8, 18223, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Srnec
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, Prague 8, 18223, Czech Republic.
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8
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Barbieri A, Lanzalunga O, Lapi A, Di Stefano S. N-Hydroxyphthalimide: A Hydrogen Atom Transfer Mediator in Hydrocarbon Oxidations Promoted by Nonheme Iron(IV)-Oxo Complexes. J Org Chem 2019; 84:13549-13556. [PMID: 31532207 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The oxidation of a series of hydrocarbons by the nonheme iron(IV)-oxo complex [(N4Py)FeIV═O]2+ is efficiently mediated by N-hydroxyphthalimide. The increase of reactivity is associated to the oxidation of the mediator to the phthalimide N-oxyl radical, which efficiently abstracts a hydrogen atom from the substrates, regenerating the mediator in its reduced form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Barbieri
- Dipartimento di Chimica , Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Istituto CNR per i Sistemi Biologici (ISB-CNR), Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione , P.le A. Moro , 5 I-00185 Rome , Italy
| | - Osvaldo Lanzalunga
- Dipartimento di Chimica , Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Istituto CNR per i Sistemi Biologici (ISB-CNR), Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione , P.le A. Moro , 5 I-00185 Rome , Italy
| | - Andrea Lapi
- Dipartimento di Chimica , Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Istituto CNR per i Sistemi Biologici (ISB-CNR), Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione , P.le A. Moro , 5 I-00185 Rome , Italy
| | - Stefano Di Stefano
- Dipartimento di Chimica , Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Istituto CNR per i Sistemi Biologici (ISB-CNR), Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione , P.le A. Moro , 5 I-00185 Rome , Italy
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Mukherjee A, Pattanayak S, Sen Gupta S, Vanka K. What drives the H-abstraction reaction in bio-mimetic oxoiron-bTAML complexes? A computational investigation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:13845-13850. [PMID: 29717729 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01333k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Monomeric iron-oxo units have been confirmed as intermediates involved in the C-H bond activation in various metallo-enzymes. Biomimetic oxoiron complexes of the biuret modified tetra-amido macrocyclic ligand (bTAML) have been demonstrated to oxidize a wide variety of unactivated C-H bonds. In the current work, density functional theory (DFT) has been employed to investigate the hydrogen abstraction (HAT) reactivity differences across a series of bTAML complexes. The cause for the differences in the HAT energy barriers has been found to be the relative changes in the energy of the frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) induced by electronic perturbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anagh Mukherjee
- Physical and Material Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune-411008, India.
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10
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Bernasconi L, Kazaryan A, Belanzoni P, Baerends EJ. Catalytic Oxidation of Water with High-Spin Iron(IV)–Oxo Species: Role of the Water Solvent. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Bernasconi
- STFC
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Andranik Kazaryan
- Theoretical
Chemistry Section, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paola Belanzoni
- Department
of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia and Institute of Molecular Science and Technologies (ISTM-CNR), Via Elce
di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Evert Jan Baerends
- Theoretical
Chemistry Section, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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