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Grubova IY, Surmenev RA, Neyts EC, Koptyug AV, Volkova AP, Surmeneva MA. Combined First-Principles and Experimental Study on the Microstructure and Mechanical Characteristics of the Multicomponent Additive-Manufactured Ti-35Nb-7Zr-5Ta Alloy. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:27519-27533. [PMID: 37546645 PMCID: PMC10399164 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
New β-stabilized Ti-based alloys are highly promising for bone implants, thanks in part to their low elasticity. The nature of this elasticity, however, is as yet unknown. We here present combined first-principles DFT calculations and experiments on the microstructure, structural stability, mechanical characteristics, and electronic structure to elucidate this origin. Our results suggest that the studied β Ti-35Nb-7Zr-5Ta wt % (TNZT) alloy manufactured by the electron-beam powder bed fusion (E-PBF) method has homogeneous mechanical properties (H = 2.01 ± 0.22 GPa and E = 69.48 ± 0.03 GPa) along the building direction, which is dictated by the crystallographic texture and microstructure morphologies. The analysis of the structural and electronic properties, as the main factors dominating the chemical bonding mechanism, indicates that TNZT has a mixture of strong metallic and weak covalent bonding. Our calculations demonstrate that the softening in the Cauchy pressure (C' = 98.00 GPa) and elastic constant C̅44 = 23.84 GPa is the origin of the low elasticity of TNZT. Moreover, the nature of this softening phenomenon can be related to the weakness of the second and third neighbor bonds in comparison with the first neighbor bonds in the TNZT. Thus, the obtained results indicate that a carefully designed TNZT alloy can be an excellent candidate for the manufacturing of orthopedic internal fixation devices. In addition, the current findings can be used as guidance not only for predicting the mechanical properties but also the nature of elastic characteristics of the newly developed alloys with yet unknown properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Yu. Grubova
- Physical
Materials Science and Composite Materials Centre, Research School
of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Lenina Avenue, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Roman A. Surmenev
- Physical
Materials Science and Composite Materials Centre, Research School
of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Lenina Avenue, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Erik C. Neyts
- Department
of Chemistry, PLASMANT Research Group, NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Andrey V. Koptyug
- Sports
Tech Research Centre, Mid Sweden University, Akademigatan 1, SE-831 25 Östersund, Sweden
| | - Anastasia P. Volkova
- Physical
Materials Science and Composite Materials Centre, Research School
of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Lenina Avenue, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Maria A. Surmeneva
- Physical
Materials Science and Composite Materials Centre, Research School
of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Lenina Avenue, Tomsk 634050, Russia
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Heat Treatments of Metastable β Titanium Alloy Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn Processed by Laser Powder Bed Fusion. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15113774. [PMID: 35683075 PMCID: PMC9181302 DOI: 10.3390/ma15113774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Titanium alloys, especially β alloys, are favorable as implant materials due to their promising combination of low Young's modulus, high strength, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. In particular, the low Young's moduli reduce the risk of stress shielding and implant loosening. The processing of Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn through laser powder bed fusion is presented. The specimens were heat-treated, and the microstructure was investigated using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The mechanical properties were determined by hardness and tensile tests. The microstructures reveal a mainly β microstructure with α″ formation for high cooling rates and α precipitates after moderate cooling rates or aging. The as-built and α″ phase containing conditions exhibit a hardness around 225 HV5, yield strengths (YS) from 340 to 490 MPa, ultimate tensile strengths (UTS) around 706 MPa, fracture elongations around 20%, and Young's moduli about 50 GPa. The α precipitates containing conditions reveal a hardness around 297 HV5, YS around 812 MPa, UTS from 871 to 931 MPa, fracture elongations around 12%, and Young's moduli about 75 GPa. Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn exhibits, depending on the heat treatment, promising properties regarding the material behavior and the opportunity to tailor the mechanical performance as a low modulus, high strength implant material.
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Abstract
β-type titanium (Ti) alloys have attracted a lot of attention as novel biomedical materials in the past decades due to their low elastic moduli and good biocompatibility. This article provides a broad and extensive review of β-type Ti alloys in terms of alloy design, preparation methods, mechanical properties, corrosion behavior, and biocompatibility. After briefly introducing the development of Ti and Ti alloys for biomedical applications, this article reviews the design of β-type Ti alloys from the perspective of the molybdenum equivalency (Moeq) method and DV-Xα molecular orbital method. Based on these methods, a considerable number of β-type Ti alloys are developed. Although β-type Ti alloys have lower elastic moduli compared with other types of Ti alloys, they still possess higher elastic moduli than human bones. Therefore, porous β-type Ti alloys with declined elastic modulus have been developed by some preparation methods, such as powder metallurgy, additive manufacture and so on. As reviewed, β-type Ti alloys have comparable or even better mechanical properties, corrosion behavior, and biocompatibility compared with other types of Ti alloys. Hence, β-type Ti alloys are the more suitable materials used as implant materials. However, there are still some problems with β-type Ti alloys, such as biological inertness. As such, summarizing the findings from the current literature, suggestions forβ-type Ti alloys with bioactive coatings are proposed for the future development.
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Animal Origin Bioactive Hydroxyapatite Thin Films Synthesized by RF-Magnetron Sputtering on 3D Printed Cranial Implants. METALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/met9121332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ti6Al4V cranial prostheses in the form of patterned meshes were 3D printed by selective laser melting in an argon environment; using a CO2 laser source and micron-sized Ti6Al4V powder as the starting material. The size and shape of prostheses were chosen based on actual computer tomography images of patient skull fractures supplied in the framework of a collaboration with a neurosurgery clinic. After optimizations of scanning speed and laser parameters, the printed material was defect-free (as shown by metallographic analyses) and chemically homogeneous, without elemental segregation or depletion. The prostheses were coated by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering (RF-MS) with a bioactive thin layer of hydroxyapatite using a bioceramic powder derived from biogenic resources (Bio-HA). Initially amorphous, the films were converted to fully-crystalline form by applying a post-deposition thermal-treatment at 500 °C/1 h in air. The X-ray diffraction structural investigations indicated the phase purity of the deposited films composed solely of a hexagonal hydroxyapatite-like compound. On the other hand, the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic investigations revealed that the biological carbonatation of the bone mineral phase was well-replicated in the case of crystallized Bio-HA RF-MS implant coatings. The in vitro acellular assays, performed in both the fully inorganic Kokubo’s simulated body fluid and the biomimetic organic–inorganic McCoy’s 5A cell culture medium up to 21 days, emphasized both the good resistance to degradation and the biomineralization capacity of the films. Further in vitro tests conducted in SaOs-2 osteoblast-like cells showed a positive proliferation rate on the Bio-HA RF-MS coating along with a good adhesion developed on the biomaterial surface by elongated membrane protrusions.
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Qin P, Chen Y, Liu YJ, Zhang J, Chen LY, Li Y, Zhang X, Cao C, Sun H, Zhang LC. Resemblance in Corrosion Behavior of Selective Laser Melted and Traditional Monolithic β Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn Alloy. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 5:1141-1149. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Qin
- School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Perth, Western Australia 6027, Australia
| | - Yang Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Material Protection and Advanced Material in Electric Power, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Yu-Jing Liu
- School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Perth, Western Australia 6027, Australia
| | - Junxi Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Material Protection and Advanced Material in Electric Power, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Liang-Yu Chen
- School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Perth, Western Australia 6027, Australia
- School of Science, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003, China
| | - Yuhua Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Xuhui Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Chongde Cao
- Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Hongqi Sun
- School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Perth, Western Australia 6027, Australia
| | - Lai-Chang Zhang
- School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Perth, Western Australia 6027, Australia
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Gao C, Wang C, Jin H, Wang Z, Li Z, Shi C, Leng Y, Yang F, Liu H, Wang J. Additive manufacturing technique-designed metallic porous implants for clinical application in orthopedics. RSC Adv 2018; 8:25210-25227. [PMID: 35542139 PMCID: PMC9082573 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04815k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional metallic scaffold prostheses, as vastly applied implants in clinical orthopedic operations, have achieved great success in rebuilding limb function. However, mismatch of bone defects and additional coating requirements limit the long-term survival of traditional prostheses. Recently, additive manufacturing (AM) has opened up unprecedented possibilities for producing complicated structures in prosthesis shapes and microporous surface designs of customized prostheses, which can solve the drawback of traditional prostheses mentioned above. This review presents the most commonly used metallic additive manufacturing techniques, the microporous structure design of metallic scaffolds, and novel applications of customized prostheses in the orthopedic field. Challenges and future perspectives on AM fabricated scaffolds are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohua Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun 130041 P. R. China
| | - Chenyu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun 130041 P. R. China
- Hallym University 1 Hallymdaehak-gil Chuncheon Gangwon-do 200-702 Korea
| | - Hui Jin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun 130041 P. R. China
| | - Zhonghan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun 130041 P. R. China
| | - Zuhao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun 130041 P. R. China
| | - Chenyu Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun 130041 P. R. China
- School of Nursing, Jilin University Changchun 130041 P. R. China
| | - Yi Leng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun 130041 P. R. China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun 130041 P. R. China
| | - He Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun 130041 P. R. China
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun 130041 P. R. China
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Qin P, Liu Y, Sercombe TB, Li Y, Zhang C, Cao C, Sun H, Zhang LC. Improved Corrosion Resistance on Selective Laser Melting Produced Ti-5Cu Alloy after Heat Treatment. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:2633-2642. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Qin
- School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Perth, Western Australia 6027, Australia
| | - Yujing Liu
- School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Timothy B. Sercombe
- School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Yuhua Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Chuanwei Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Chongde Cao
- Research & Development Institute in Shenzhen and Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Hongqi Sun
- School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Perth, Western Australia 6027, Australia
| | - Lai-Chang Zhang
- School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Perth, Western Australia 6027, Australia
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