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Kushwaha A, Goswami L, Kim BS, Lee SS, Pandey SK, Kim KH. Constructed wetlands for the removal of organic micropollutants from wastewater: Current status, progress, and challenges. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 360:142364. [PMID: 38768790 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
In this work, the practical utility of constructed wetlands (CWs) is described as a promising treatment option for micropollutants (MPs) in wastewater with the aid of their eco-friendly, low-energy, economically feasible, and ecologically sustainable nature. This paper offers a comprehensive review on CW technology with respect to the key strategies for MP removal such as phytoremediation, substrate adsorption, and microbial degradation. It explores the important factors controlling the performance of CWs (e.g., in terms of configurations, substrates, plant-microbe interactions, temperature, pH, oxygen levels, hydraulic loading rate, and retention time) along with the discussions on the pivotal role of microbial populations in CWs and plant-microbe cooperative remediation dynamics, particularly in relation to diverse organic MP patterns in CWs. As such, this review aims to provide valuable insights into the key strategies for optimizing MP treatment and for enhancing the efficacy of CW systems. In addition, the process-based models of constructed wetlands along with the numerical simulations based on the artificial neural network (ANN) method are also described in association with the data exploratory techniques. This work is thus expected to help open up new possibilities for the application of plant-microbe cooperative remediation approaches against diverse patterns of organic MPs present in CWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Kushwaha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Lalit Goswami
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Soo Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Soo Lee
- Department of Environmental & Energy Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Sudhir Kumar Pandey
- Department of Botany, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (a central University) Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, 495009, India
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
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Tuli A, Suresh G, Halder N, Velpandian T. Analysis and remediation of phthalates in aquatic matrices: current perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:23408-23434. [PMID: 38456985 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32670-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are high production volume chemicals used extensively as plasticizers, to increase the flexibility of the main polymer. They are reported to leach into their surroundings from plastic products and are now a ubiquitous environmental contaminant. Phthalate levels have been determined in several environmental matrices, especially in water. These levels serve as an indicator of plasticizer abuse and plastic pollution, and also serve as a route of exposure to different species including humans. Reports published on effects of different PAEs on experimental models demonstrate their carcinogenic, teratogenic, reproductive, and endocrine disruptive effects. Therefore, regular monitoring and remediation of environmental water samples is essential to ascertain their hazard quotient and daily exposure levels. This review summarises the extraction and detection techniques available for phthalate analysis in water samples such as chromatography, biosensors, immunoassays, and spectroscopy. Current remediation strategies for phthalate removal such as adsorption, advanced oxidation, and microbial degradation have also been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anannya Tuli
- High Precision Bio-Analytical Facility (DST-FIST Sponsored), Ocular Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Gayatri Suresh
- High Precision Bio-Analytical Facility (DST-FIST Sponsored), Ocular Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Nabanita Halder
- High Precision Bio-Analytical Facility (DST-FIST Sponsored), Ocular Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Thirumurthy Velpandian
- High Precision Bio-Analytical Facility (DST-FIST Sponsored), Ocular Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
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Munir R, Muneer A, Younas F, Sayed M, Sardar MF, Albasher G, Noreen S. Actas Pink-2B dye removal in biochar nanocomposites augmented vertical flow constructed wetland (VF-CWs). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2024; 26:1392-1409. [PMID: 38441053 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2024.2324360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Industries generate hazardous dye wastewater, posing significant threats to public health and the environment. Removing dyes before discharge is crucial. The ongoing study primarily focused on synthesizing, applying, and understanding the mechanism of green nano-biochar composites. These composites, including zinc oxide/biochar, copper oxide/biochar, magnesium oxide/biochar, and manganese oxide/biochar, are designed to effectively remove Actas Pink-2B (Direct Red-31) in conjunction with constructed wetlands. Constructed wetland maintained pH 6.0-7.9. At the 10th week, the copper oxide/biochar treatment demonstrated the highest removal efficiency of total suspended solids (72%), dissolved oxygen (7.2 mg/L), and total dissolved solids (79.90%), followed by other biochar composites. The maximum removal efficiency for chemical oxygen demand (COD) and color was observed at a retention time of 60 days. The electrical conductivity also followed the same order, with a decrease observed up to the 8th week before becoming constant. A comprehensive statistical analysis was conducted, encompassing various techniques including variance analysis, regression analysis, correlation analysis, and principal component analysis. The rate of color and COD removal followed a second-order and first-order kinetics, respectively. A significant negative relationship was observed between dissolved oxygen and COD. The study indicates that employing biochar composites in constructed wetlands improves textile dye removal efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruba Munir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Amna Muneer
- Department of Physics, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Fazila Younas
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Murtaza Sayed
- National Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Fahad Sardar
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Ecological Protection and Restoration, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Gadah Albasher
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saima Noreen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Fahim R, Cheng L, Mishra S. Structural and functional perspectives of carbon filter media in constructed wetlands for pollutants abatement from wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 345:140514. [PMID: 37879377 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands (CWs) represent the most viable artificial wastewater treatment system that works on the principles of natural wetlands. Filter media are integrally linked to CWs and have substantial impacts on their performance for pollutant removal. Carbon-derived substrates have been in the spotlight for decades due to their abundance, sustainability, reusability, and potential to treat complex contaminants. However, the efficiency and feasibility of carbon substrates have not been fully explored, and there are only a few studies that have rigorously analyzed their performance for wastewater treatment. This critical synthesis of the literature review offers comprehensive insights into the utilization of carbon-derived substrates in the context of pollutant removal, intending to enhance the efficiency and sustainability of CWs. It also compares several carbon-based substrates with non-carbon substrates with respect to physiochemical properties, pollutant removal efficiency, and cost-benefit analysis. Furthermore, it addresses the concerns and possible remedies about carbon filtration materials such as configuration, clogging minimization, modification, and reusability to improve the efficacy of substrates and CWs. Recommendations made to address these challenges include pretreatment of wastewater, use of a substrate with smaller pore size, incorporation of multiple filter media, the introduction of earthworms, and cultivation of plants. A current scientific scenario has been presented for identifying the research gaps to investigate the functional mechanisms of modified carbon substrates and their interaction with other CW components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raana Fahim
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Liu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Saurabh Mishra
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
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Wang H, Sheng L, Zang S. Study on H 2SO 4-modified corn straw biochar as substrate material of constructed wetland. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:115556-115570. [PMID: 37884719 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30569-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The high value resource utilization of corn straw is a long-term problem at present and in the future. Biochar preparation is an important utilization way of corn straw. The research on city tail water treated by constructed wetland (CW) with biochar was carried out to further increase the wastewater treatment capacity of the CW. Surface characterization, structural characteristics, and adsorption of straw biochar modified by different acids were measured. The study found that the ability of H2SO4 to remove ash from biochar was stronger than other acids and H2SO4-biochar was easy to be cleaned without H2SO4 residue. The performance of biochar modified by H2SO4 was obviously better than other acids, and the biochar adsorption was enhanced. The modification of biochar substrate modified by H2SO4 in CW reduced the change of electrical conductivity (EC) and promoted denitrification. H2SO4-modified biochar promoted the absorption of N and P by Iris pseudacorus L. The compound modification effect of straw biochar was obvious. The results revealed the acid modification characteristics of straw biochar, which were beneficial for increasing the wastewater treatment rate by CW. This study will promote the sustainable development of CW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxi Wang
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Geographical Environment Monitoring and Spatial Information Service in Cold Regions, Heilongjiang Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Cold Region Ecological Safety, School of Geographical Sciences, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China.
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Jingyue Street 2555, Changchun, 130017, China.
| | - Lianxi Sheng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Jingyue Street 2555, Changchun, 130017, China
| | - Shuying Zang
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Geographical Environment Monitoring and Spatial Information Service in Cold Regions, Heilongjiang Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Cold Region Ecological Safety, School of Geographical Sciences, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
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Wang H, Zang S, Xu J, Sheng L. Dynamic simulation analysis of city tail water treatment by constructed wetland with biochar substrate. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:108582-108595. [PMID: 37752393 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30002-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Constructed wetland (CW) is an important method of ecological water treatment, and CW has obvious advantage in treating low-pollution water. In order to improve the treatment efficiency of CW, the first-order and second-order kinetics simulations of pollutant removal in CW were carried out to optimize operating conditions. The experimental study of city tail water treatment under unmodified biochar (different additions) or different modified biochar conditions showed that the first-order kinetic equation relatively accurately reflect the removal of pollutants by substrate. The relatively optimal range of biochar addition (2.21-3.79%) in the first-order kinetic analysis covered the relatively optimal mass ratio (2.95%). The first-order kinetic equation fitting showed that the half-life of ammonia nitrogen removal by NaOH (0.1 mol·L-1)-modified biochar was reduced by about 10% without plant. The half-life of total phosphorus removal by KMnO4 (0.1 mol·L-1) modified biochar was reduced by about 50%. The half-life of chemical oxygen demand removal by H2SO4 (0.75 mol·L-1) + 8 freeze-thaw cycles modified biochar was reduced by about 9.0%. When the half-life was small, the pollutant removal rate was high. The results of this study further confirmed the effectiveness of the simulation results of pollutant removal in CW with biochar by the first-order kinetic equation. This study further optimized the CW operating conditions and improved the treatment efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus in the CW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxi Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, China Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Jingyue Street 2555, Changchun, 130017, China
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Geographical Environment Monitoring and Spatial Information Service in Cold Regions, Heilongjiang Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Cold Region Ecological Safety, School of Geographical Sciences, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Shuying Zang
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Geographical Environment Monitoring and Spatial Information Service in Cold Regions, Heilongjiang Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Cold Region Ecological Safety, School of Geographical Sciences, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Jianling Xu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, China Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Jingyue Street 2555, Changchun, 130017, China.
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China.
| | - Lianxi Sheng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, China Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Jingyue Street 2555, Changchun, 130017, China
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Wang H, Zang S, Teng H, Wang X, Xu J, Sheng L. Characteristic of KMnO 4-modified corn straw biochar and its application in constructed wetland to treat city tail water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:49948-49962. [PMID: 36787063 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25856-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Biochar prepared from straw as constructed wetland (CW) substrate reduces straw pollution and simultaneously promotes the wastewater treatment efficiency of CW. In order to further analyze the pollutant removal mechanism of KMnO4-modified biochar substrate, the KMnO4-modified biochar was characterized. The experiment on city tail water treatment by CW with biochar was analyzed. The research showed that the surface property improvement on KMnO4 (0.1 mol/L)-modified biochar was the most obvious. The biochar modified by 0.1 mol/L KMnO4 increased the SSA and the number of oxygen functional groups and alcohol hydroxyl. KMnO4-modified biochar improved the removal efficiency of NO3--N in CW. KMnO4-modified biochar substrate with plants improved the TP removal efficiency (about 45%). KMnO4 as modifier reduced the influence of biochar on electrical conductivity tracing experiment. This study will improve the utilization value of straw and the removal efficiency of CW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxi Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Jingyue Street 2555, Changchun, 130017, China.,Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Geographical Environment Monitoring and Spatial Information Service in Cold Regions, Heilongjiang Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Cold Region Ecological Safety, School of Geographical Sciences, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Shuying Zang
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Geographical Environment Monitoring and Spatial Information Service in Cold Regions, Heilongjiang Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Cold Region Ecological Safety, School of Geographical Sciences, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Haowen Teng
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Geographical Environment Monitoring and Spatial Information Service in Cold Regions, Heilongjiang Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Cold Region Ecological Safety, School of Geographical Sciences, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Jingyue Street 2555, Changchun, 130017, China
| | - Jianling Xu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Jingyue Street 2555, Changchun, 130017, China.
| | - Lianxi Sheng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Jingyue Street 2555, Changchun, 130017, China
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Cui E, Zhou Z, Gao F, Chen H, Li J. Roles of substrates in removing antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in constructed wetlands: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160257. [PMID: 36402338 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics and corresponding antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are emerging pollutants in wastewater that pose a significant threat to the environment and human health. Constructed wetlands (CWs) are a cost-effective technology for eliminating these pollutants through substrates, plants, and microorganisms. Detailed reviews of the roles of CW substrates on antibiotic and ARG removal and recent progress in the field are lacking. This paper reviews the mechanisms influencing antibiotic and ARG (intracellular and extracellular) removal in CWs, and natural, biomass, chemical, modified, industrial, novel, and combined substrates on their removal efficiencies. Generally, substrates remove antibiotics and ARGs mainly through adsorption, biodegradation, chemical oxidation, and filtration. Other mechanisms, such as photolysis, may also contribute to removal. Natural substrates (e.g., gravel, zeolite) are more frequently employed than other types of substrates. The removal performance of antibiotics and intracellular ARGs by zeolite was better than that of gravel through enhanced substrate adsorption, filtration, and biodegradation processes. Moreover, Mn ore showed promising high capability to remove high concentration of antibiotics through various removal pathways. In addition, combined substrates of soil/sand/gravel and other substrates further facilitate antibiotic removal. Future research is suggested to explore the mechanisms of competitive adsorption and redox-controlled biodegradation, investigate the effect of Fe/Mn oxides on the removal of antibiotics and ARGs via chemical oxidation, evaluate the removal of extracellular ARGs by CWs with different substrates, and investigate the effect of substrates on removal of antibiotics and ARGs in full-scale CWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erping Cui
- Institute of Farmland Irrigation of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhenchao Zhou
- Institute of Environmental Technology, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Institute of Farmland Irrigation of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Institute of Environmental Technology, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianan Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China.
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Adebayo AA, Faleye TOC, Adeosun OM, Alhaji IA, Egbe NE. Plant growth promoting potentials of novel phosphate-solubilizing bacteria isolated from rumen content of White Fulani cattle, indigenous to Nigeria. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01227-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Potential of Canna indica in Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment: A Review. CONSERVATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/conservation2030034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews investigations in which Canna indica was utilized in constructed wetlands (CW) for wastewater treatment of a variety types. It is strongly urged that ornamental flowering plants be used in CWs as monoculture or mixed species to improve the appearance of CWs whilst still treating wastewater. Plants play important roles in CWs by giving the conditions for physical filtration of wastewater, a large specific surface area for microbial growth, and a source of carbohydrates for bacteria. They absorb nutrients and integrate them into plant tissues. They release oxygen into the substrate, establishing a zone in which aerobic microorganisms can thrive and chemical oxidation can occur. They also provide wildlife habitat and make wastewater treatment system more visually attractive. The selection of plant species for CW is an important aspect during the CW design process. Canna indica’s effectiveness in CWs has shown encouraging results for eliminating contaminants from wastewater. There is still a scarcity of information on the mechanisms involved in removal of specific contaminants such as pharmaceuticals, personal care products, hormones, pesticides and steroids and their potential toxicity to the plants. Therefore, this paper reviews some published information about the performance of Canna indica in wastewater treatment, as well as potential areas for future research.
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Wang H, Wang X, Teng H, Xu J, Sheng L. Purification mechanism of city tail water by constructed wetland substrate with NaOH-modified corn straw biochar. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 238:113597. [PMID: 35533448 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The pollution of corn straw to the environment had attracted much attention. The preparation and alkali modification of corn straw biochar as the constructed wetland (CW) substrate was conducive to solving the environment pollution caused by straw and improving the purification effect of CW. The NaOH modification mechanism of corn straw biochar was analyzed by measuring the surface morphology, element content, specific surface area (SSA), pore volume, crystal structure, surface functional groups and CO2 adsorption. Biochar prepared under relatively optimal NaOH-modified conditions was used as the vertical flow CW substrate to treat city tail water. The results showed that controlling the modification condition of NaOH (< 1.0 mol·L-1, ≤ 24 h) was conducive to prevent the biochar structure destruction and C element reduction. The SSA and pore volume of NaOH (0.1 mol·L-1) modified biochar are 360 m2·g-1 and 0.109 cm3·g-1, respectively. The biochar adsorption for CO2 conformed to the Langmuir and Freundlich isothermal adsorption theoretical model (R2 > 0.9). The maximum adsorption capacity of CO2 by modified biochar with NaOH (0.1 mol·L-1) was 64.516 cm3·g-1 and increased by 10.3%. The city tail water treated by CW with plants showed that the removal rates of ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen reached about 90%. The research results improved the utilization value of straw, realized straw carbon sequestration and promoted the progress of CW technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxi Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Jingyue Street 2555, Changchun 130017, China; Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Geographical Environment Monitoring and Spatial Information Service in Cold Regions, Heilongjiang Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Cold Region Ecological Safety, School of Geographical Sciences, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China.
| | - Xinyu Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Jingyue Street 2555, Changchun 130017, China.
| | - Haowen Teng
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Geographical Environment Monitoring and Spatial Information Service in Cold Regions, Heilongjiang Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Cold Region Ecological Safety, School of Geographical Sciences, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China.
| | - Jianling Xu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Jingyue Street 2555, Changchun 130017, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Renmin Street 5268, Changchun, 130024 Jilin, China; Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China.
| | - Lianxi Sheng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Jingyue Street 2555, Changchun 130017, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Renmin Street 5268, Changchun, 130024 Jilin, China.
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Wang H, Teng H, Wang X, Xu J, Sheng L. Physicochemical modification of corn straw biochar to improve performance and its application of constructed wetland substrate to treat city tail water. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 310:114758. [PMID: 35255381 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Corn straw is rich in resources, and the preparation of biochar as the constructed wetland (CW) substrate is an effective measure to realize high-value resource utilization. The objective of this paper was to improve the treatment effect of CW on city tail water, the freeze-thaw cycles (FTCs) modification and chemical modification (KMnO4, NaOH and H2SO4) of straw biochar and the utilization of modified straw biochar in CW were studied. The modification characteristics of straw biochar were discussed through scanning electron microscope, element determination, pore structure determination, X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier transform infrared reflection analysis, CO2 adsorption and desorption experiment and application experiment of CW (no plants and plants). The results show that under the influence of strong oxidation of KMnO4, the combination of KMnO4 and FTCs modification is easy to cause the destruction of biochar structure, and the content of carbon element is reduced. Except for the combined modification of NaOH and FTCs, other composite modifications have little effect on the crystal structure and functional groups of straw biochar. The adsorption capacity of CO2 by FTCs modified biochar increased by 20.4%, and the adsorption capacity of CO2 by H2SO4 and FTCs composite modified biochar increased by 23.0%. The effect of H2SO4 modification of straw biochar based on FTCs modification is obviously better than that of NaOH and KMnO4. The research results are of great significance to improve the material structure of biochar and the purification effect of CW on city tail water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxi Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Jingyue Street 2555, Changchun, 130017, China; Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Geographical Environment Monitoring and Spatial Information Service in Cold Regions, Heilongjiang Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Cold Region Ecological Safety, School of Geographical Sciences, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Haowen Teng
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Geographical Environment Monitoring and Spatial Information Service in Cold Regions, Heilongjiang Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Cold Region Ecological Safety, School of Geographical Sciences, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Jingyue Street 2555, Changchun, 130017, China
| | - Jianling Xu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Jingyue Street 2555, Changchun, 130017, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, China; Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China.
| | - Lianxi Sheng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Jingyue Street 2555, Changchun, 130017, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, China.
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13
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Potential Use of Constructed Wetland Systems for Rural Sanitation and Wastewater Reuse in Agriculture in the Moroccan Context. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en15010156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Located in a semi-arid to arid region, Morocco is confronting increasing water scarcity challenges. In the circular economy paradigm, the reuse of treated wastewater in agriculture is currently considered a possible solution to mitigate water shortage and pollution problems. In recent years, Morocco has made significative progress in urban wastewater treatment under the National Wastewater Program (PNA). However, rural sanitation has undergone significant delays. Therefore, an alternative technology for wastewater treatment and reuse in rural areas is investigated in this review, considering the region’s economic, social, and regulatory characteristics. Constructed wetlands (CWs) are a simple, sustainable, and cost-effective technology that has yet to be fully explored in Morocco. CWs, indeed, appear to be suitable for the treatment and reuse of wastewater in remote rural areas if they can produce effluent that meets the standards of agricultural irrigation. In this review, 29 studies covering 16 countries and different types of wastewater were collected and studied to assess the treatment efficiency of different types of CWs under different design and operational parameters, as well as their potential application in agricultural reuse. The results demonstrated that the removal efficiency of conventional contamination such as organic matter and suspended solids is generally high. CWs also demonstrated a remarkable capacity to remove heavy metals and emerging contaminants such as pharmaceuticals, care products, etc. The removal of microbial contamination, on the other hand, is challenging, and does not satisfy the standards all the time. However, it can be improved using hybrid constructed wetlands or by adding polishing treatment. In addition, several studies reported that CWs managed to produce effluent that met the requirements of wastewater reuse in agriculture of different countries or organisations including Morocco.
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Xu J, Liu J, Hu J, Wang H, Sheng L, Dong X, Jiang X. Nitrogen and phosphorus removal in simulated wastewater by two aquatic plants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:63237-63249. [PMID: 34227002 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15206-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Water pollution control is the focus of environmental pollution control. Ecological water treatment is widely used because of its low cost and landscape effect, and has no pollution. Aquatic plants have attracted wide attention because of their low cost and high level of resource utilization. In order to study the effects of emergent and submerged plants on the removal of different concentrations of wastewater, and the effect of pollutants on plant growth, two common aquatic plants found in Northeast China (Iris ensata Thunb. and Potamogeton malaianus Miq.) were selected. Under static conditions, the removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater with different concentrations by two kinds of plants was studied. The results showed that the removal rate of total nitrogen (TN) in medium- and high-pollutant concentration water samples and total phosphorus (TP) in medium- and low-pollutant concentration water with I. ensata reached more than 75%. The removal rate of TN in the medium-pollutant concentration water with P. malaianus reached 71.4%, while the removal efficiency of TN and TP in the low-pollutant concentration water was higher than 80%. In the Nanhu Park Lake samples, I. ensata had the highest removal rates of TN (80.38%) and TP (85.62%). This study shows that both I. ensata and P. malaianus can be used as aquatic plants to restore the water quality of urban lakes. This research provides an important basis for the phytoremediation and treatment of urban domestic wastewater and urban surface water bodies in Northern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianling Xu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration / School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Jingyue Street 2555, Changchun, 130017, China.
| | - Jiao Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration / School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Jingyue Street 2555, Changchun, 130017, China
| | - Jiaqi Hu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration / School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Jingyue Street 2555, Changchun, 130017, China
| | - Hanxi Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration / School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Jingyue Street 2555, Changchun, 130017, China.
| | - Lianxi Sheng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration / School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Jingyue Street 2555, Changchun, 130017, China
| | - Xiaoliang Dong
- , Nanhu Park, Gongnong Road 2715, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xiaodan Jiang
- , Nanhu Park, Gongnong Road 2715, Changchun, 130021, China
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15
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El Ghadraoui A, Ouazzani N, Saf C, Ahmali A, Hejjaj A, Aziz F, Del Bubba M, Mandi L. Behaviour of physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of vertical flow constructed wetland substrate after treating a mixture of urban and olive mill wastewaters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:55433-55445. [PMID: 34132964 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14874-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the current work is to evaluate the effect of a mixture of olive mill wastewater (OMWW) and urban wastewater (UW) on constructed wetland (CW) substrate physicochemical parameters, and to study the abundance and behaviour of microbial community at different depths. In this regard, substrate samples were investigated at three depth levels (0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm) inside a pilot scale CW treating the mixture. In order to compare the obtained results with the conventional case, a control (CW pilot plant treating only UW) was implemented. Result shows that an increase in electrical conductivity (from 0.134 to 0.222 mS/cm in 0-10 cm and from 0.131 to 0.283 mS/cm in 10-20 cm), total dissolved salts (from 65.45 to 108.67 mg/kg in 0-10cm and from 64.33 to 135.3 mg/kg in 10-20 cm), total organic carbon (from 0.86 to 6.84%), total nitrogen (from 0.1 mg/kg to 0.45, 0.43 and 0.41 mg/kg, in 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm respectively) and C/N ratio take place in the substrate after the treatment of the mixture. As for the microbiological parameters, treating the mixture in a CW results in an increase in the yeast and fungi which may optimize the biodegradation of compounds such as polyphenols that are non-easily degraded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoub El Ghadraoui
- Laboratory of Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, University Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Morocco
- National Centre for Studies and Research on Water and Energy (CNEREE), University Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Morocco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Naaila Ouazzani
- Laboratory of Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, University Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Morocco
- National Centre for Studies and Research on Water and Energy (CNEREE), University Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Chaima Saf
- Laboratory of Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, University Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Morocco
- National Centre for Studies and Research on Water and Energy (CNEREE), University Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Abdelaali Ahmali
- Laboratory of Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, University Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Morocco
- National Centre for Studies and Research on Water and Energy (CNEREE), University Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Abdessamed Hejjaj
- National Centre for Studies and Research on Water and Energy (CNEREE), University Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Faissal Aziz
- Laboratory of Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, University Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Morocco
- National Centre for Studies and Research on Water and Energy (CNEREE), University Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Massimo Del Bubba
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Laila Mandi
- Laboratory of Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, University Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Morocco.
- National Centre for Studies and Research on Water and Energy (CNEREE), University Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Morocco.
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16
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Wang H, Sun J, Xu J, Sheng L. Study on clogging mechanisms of constructed wetlands from the perspective of wastewater electrical conductivity change under different substrate conditions. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 292:112813. [PMID: 34030018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Constructed wetland (CW) has obvious advantages in wastewater treatment of medium and small towns. However, there is a lack of health monitoring research on CW system clogging. The electrical conductivity (EC) of wastewater purified by CW is related to the concentration of pollutants, which can reflect the CW clogging. The objectives of this study are to reveal the mechanisms of CWs substrate clogging from the perspective of wastewater EC changes, and provide an important reference for the health evaluation of CWs. The EC changes of nine CWs substrates (quartz sand, zeolite, gravel, coarse sand, straw biochar, sludge biochar, clay ceramsite, fly ash ceramsite and shale ceramsite) under different conditions (purified water, wastewater and wastewater + NaCl) were tested, and comparative analysis was used to reveal the influence of different substrate materials on the change of wastewater EC. The results show that the adsorption ability of substrate material isn't the main factor affecting the EC of wastewater, and the soluble component in the material is the important factor to cause the difference of EC increment. Under the condition of 0.4-1.0 g L-1 NaCl concentration, the adsorption of substrate materials had little effect on the EC of wastewater, and the effect of NaCl used in CW tracer experiment was good. Quartz sand, coarse sand, gravel and sludge biochar have little influence on the change of wastewater EC. Other materials that have great influence on the change of wastewater EC can be treated by modifying or controlling the mixing ratio. The results are of great significance to reveal the clogging state of CW system and to carry out health assessment research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxi Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration/School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Jingyue Street 2555, Changchun, 130017, China
| | - Jitian Sun
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration/School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Jingyue Street 2555, Changchun, 130017, China
| | - Jianling Xu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration/School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Jingyue Street 2555, Changchun, 130017, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Renmin Street 5268, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, China.
| | - Lianxi Sheng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration/School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Jingyue Street 2555, Changchun, 130017, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Renmin Street 5268, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, China.
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17
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Wang H, Xu J, Liu Y, Sheng L. Preparation of ceramsite from municipal sludge and its application in water treatment: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 287:112374. [PMID: 33765522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Municipal sludge is a solid waste material, and resource utilization is the optimal way to dispose of this material. The amount of municipal sludge produced in China is large, and it can be used in the preparation of ceramsite. The content of Al2O3 in drinking water treatment sludge is significantly higher than that in wastewater treatment sludge, while the content of K2O, Na2O and MgO in the two kinds of sludge is similar. When sludge is used to prepare ceramsite, the amount of sludge in most raw materials for ceramsite is less than 50%. The bulk density of the prepared sludge ceramsite is less than 1000 kg m-3, and the highest water absorption rate is close to 40%. The leaching content of heavy metals in municipal sludge-based ceramsite is within the standard health safety limit, and heavy metals are better stabilized. The fitting effect of the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation of the dynamic adsorption of sludge ceramsite is obviously better than that of the pseudo-first-order kinetic equation. Sludge ceramsite used in bio-filter media and constructed wetland (CW) substrates is good able to purify wastewater. In the future, the preparation method of municipal sludge ceramsite and purification research of CW substrates based on sludge ceramsite need to be further improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxi Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration / School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Jingyue Street 2555, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China.
| | - Jianling Xu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration / School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Jingyue Street 2555, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China.
| | - Yunqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pollutant Chemistry and Environmental Treatment, College of Chemistry &; Environmental Sciences, Yili Normal University, Jiefang West Road 448, Yining, 835000, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Lianxi Sheng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration / School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Jingyue Street 2555, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China.
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18
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The Use of Constructed Wetland for Mitigating Nitrogen and Phosphorus from Agricultural Runoff: A Review. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13040476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The loss of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers in agricultural runoff is a global environmental problem, attracting worldwide attention. In the last decades, the constructed wetland has been increasingly used for mitigating the loss of nitrogen and phosphate from agricultural runoff, while the substrate, plants, and wetland structure design remain far from clearly understood. In this paper, the optimum substrates and plant species were identified by reviewing their treatment capacity from the related studies. Specifically, the top three suitable substrates are gravel, zeolite, and slag. In terms of the plant species, emergent plants are the most widely used in the constructed wetlands. Eleocharis dulcis, Typha orientalis, and Scirpus validus are the top three optimum emergent plant species. Submerged plants (Hydrilla verticillata, Ceratophyllum demersum, and Vallisneria natans), free-floating plants (Eichhornia crassipes and Lemna minor), and floating-leaved plants (Nymphaea tetragona and Trapa bispinosa) are also promoted. Moreover, the site selection methods for constructed wetland were put forward. Because the existing research results have not reached an agreement on the controversial issue, more studies are still needed to draw a clear conclusion of effective structure design of constructed wetlands. This review has provided some recommendations for substrate, plant species, and site selections for the constructed wetlands to reduce nutrients from agricultural runoff.
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Cao Q, Li Y, Kang Y, Guo Z. Enhanced Benzofluoranthrene Removal in Surface Flow Constructed Wetlands with the Addition of Carbon. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:2865-2872. [PMID: 33553904 PMCID: PMC7860057 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), as hazardous pollutants, could be removed by constructed wetlands (CWs). While the traditional substrate of CWs has a weak adsorption capacity for PAHs, in this study, the carbonous fillers-activated carbon (AC) and biochar-were added into the substrate of surface flow CWs to improve the removal performance of benzofluoranthrene (BbFA), a typical PAH. The results showed that the BbFA removal efficiencies in CWs with the addition of AC and biochar were 11.8 and 1.2% higher than those in the Control group, respectively. Simultaneously, the removal efficiencies of NO3 --N were 42.8 and 68.4% in these two CWs, while the BbFA content in the substrate and plants with the addition of carbon was lower than that in the Control group. The addition of carbonous filler reduced the absorption of PAHs by plants in CWs and enhanced microbial degradation. The microbial community results showed that the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, especially γ-proteobacteria, was higher with the addition of fillers, which related to PAH degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Cao
- School
of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shandong
Jianzhu University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yan Li
- College
of Education Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yan Kang
- College
of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao
University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Zizhang Guo
- Shandong
Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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20
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Chen S, Chu Z, Zhou Y, Li Q, Wang T. Screening optimal substrates from Erhai lakeside for Ottelia acuminata (Gagnep.) Dandy, an endangered submerged macrophyte in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:19887-19897. [PMID: 29740764 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2200-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Because of the unstable hydrodynamic conditions in the wild, the endangered aquatic plant should be cultivated first in constructed wetlands for the protection and expansion of germplasm resources. Ottelia acuminata (Gagnep.) Dandy has become extinct in Erhai Lake, Yunnan province, China. In order to optimize substrates for this species to artificial cultivation, the native substrate (sandy soils) and the other three representative ones (red paddy soils, alluvial paddy soils, and purple paddy soils) collected from Erhai lakeside were applied to cultivate O. acuminata for 50 days. Multi indicators, such as antioxidant enzymes activity, malondialdehyde and chlorophyll-α concentration, and relative growth rate of O. acuminata, were discussed and statistically analyzed to classify the substrates. The results suggested that even disregarding the physiology significance of these indicators, hierarchical clustering analysis had high efficiency on optimizing substrates. Although various single indexes suggested different optimal substrates for macrophyte growth, red paddy soil was never excluded out the optimal substrate classes. Further study is needed to assess the substrates optimization functionalities of these indicators. This study offers amounts of physiology data and an effective method to optimize substrates of O. acuminata. It is helpful for environmental scientists and ecological engineers to conduct the similar study on endangered species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- College of Resource and Environment, Anqing Normal University, Anhui, 246011, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhaosheng Chu
- China Research Academy of Environment and Science, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yunqiao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qifeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tieyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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