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Ling Y, Duan M, Lyu W, Yang J, Liu Y, Ren S, Wu W. Electrospun L-Lysine/Amorphous Calcium Phosphate Loaded Core-Sheath Nanofibers for Managing Oral Biofilm Infections and Promoting Periodontal Tissue Repairment. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:2917-2938. [PMID: 38525010 PMCID: PMC10961091 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s453702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease prevalent worldwide, is primarily treated through GTR for tissue regeneration. The efficacy of GTR, however, remains uncertain due to potential infections and the intricate microenvironment of periodontal tissue. Herein, We developed a novel core-shell structure multifunctional membrane using a dual-drug-loaded coaxial electrospinning technique (Lys/ACP-CNF), contains L-lysine in the outer layer to aid in controlling biofilms after GTR regenerative surgery, and ACP in the inner layer to enhance osteogenic performance for accelerating alveolar bone repair. Methods The biocompatibility and cell adhesion were evaluated through CCK-8 and fluorescence imaging, respectively. The antibacterial activity was assessed using a plate counting assay. ALP, ARS, and RT-qPCR were used to examine osteogenic differentiation. Additionally, an in vivo experiment was conducted on a rat model with acute periodontal defect and infection. Micro-CT and histological analysis were utilized to analyze the in vivo alveolar bone regeneration. Results Structural and physicochemical characterization confirmed the successful construction of the core-shell fibrous structure. Additionally, the Lys/ACP-CNF showed strong antibacterial coaggregation effects and induced osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs in vitro. The in vivo experiment confirmed that Lys/ACP-CNF promotes new bone formation. Conclusion Lys/ACP-CNF rapidly exhibited excellent antibacterial activity, protected PDLSCs from infection, and was conducive to osteogenesis, demonstrating its potential application for clinical periodontal GTR surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Ling
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Menglu Duan
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen Lyu
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Yang
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Periodontology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Senior Specialist, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuangshuang Ren
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenlei Wu
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Senior Specialist, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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Amato M, Santonocito S, Viglianisi G, Tatullo M, Isola G. Impact of Oral Mesenchymal Stem Cells Applications as a Promising Therapeutic Target in the Therapy of Periodontal Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113419. [PMID: 36362206 PMCID: PMC9658889 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting about 20–50% of people, worldwide, and manifesting clinically through the detection of gingival inflammation, clinical attachment loss, radiographically assessed resorption of alveolar bone, gingival bleeding upon probing, teeth mobility and their potential loss at advanced stages. It is characterized by a multifactorial etiology, including an imbalance of the oral microbiota, mechanical stress and systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus. The current standard treatments for periodontitis include eliminating the microbial pathogens and applying biomaterials to treat the bone defects. However, periodontal tissue regeneration via a process consistent with the natural tissue formation process has not yet been achieved. Developmental biology studies state that periodontal tissue is composed of neural crest-derived ectomesenchyme. The aim of this review is to discuss the clinical utility of stem cells in periodontal regeneration by reviewing the relevant literature that assesses the periodontal-regenerative potential of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariacristina Amato
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Simona Santonocito
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (G.I.); Tel.: +39-0953782638 (S.S. & G.I.)
| | - Gaia Viglianisi
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Tatullo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, 70122 Bari, Italy
| | - Gaetano Isola
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (G.I.); Tel.: +39-0953782638 (S.S. & G.I.)
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Potential donor-dependent regulative effects of endogenous sclerostin expression and mineralization potential in primary human PDL cells in vitro. Ann Anat 2022; 244:151980. [PMID: 35787444 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2022.151980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The glycoprotein sclerostin is mostly expressed in osteocytes and plays a central role in human bone metabolism. However, sclerostin and the corresponding SOST gene have been found in periodontal ligament cells under mineralizing conditions as well. The present study aimed to investigate, whether there was a correlation between endogenous SOST expression, the corresponding gene, and mineralization potential in human periodontal ligament cells and to identify different sclerostin expression and secretion patterns in cells derived from individual donors. MATERIAL AND METHODS Primary human periodontal ligament cells of three different donors were cultivated under control or mineralizing conditions for 6, 13, 15 and 18 days, respectively. Calcium deposits were stained with alizarin red and quantified afterwards. Quantitative expression analysis of the SOST gene encoding sclerostin was performed using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Additionally, intracellular sclerostin expression was analyzed using Western blotting and extracellular sclerostin secretion was quantified using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). RESULTS Alizarin red staining identified calcium deposits in periodontal ligament cells under mineralizing conditions beginning from day 13, relative SOST expression occurred on day 6. Whereas staining continued to increase in donor 1 on day 15, it remained stable in donors 2 and 3. Conversely, baseline SOST expression was significantly lower in donor 1 compared to donors 2 and 3. Western blotting and ELISA revealed increased intra- and extracellular sclerostin expression at day 13 under mineralizing conditions. Donor 3 exhibited the highest overall sclerostin levels. CONCLUSIONS Our data emphasize donor-specific characteristics in differentiation potential and sclerostin expression patterns in primary human periodontal ligament cells. Sclerostin might play a central role in modulating osteogenic differentiation in periodontal ligament cells as part of a negative feedback mechanism in avoiding excessive mineralization.
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Behrouz T, Behrooz S, Sarkhosh H, Nourany M. A novel multi‐functional model thermoset and
PDA
‐coated
PU
nanocomposite based on graphene and an amphiphilic block copolymer. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toktam Behrouz
- Polymer Engineering and Color Technology Amirkabir University of Technology Tehran Iran
| | - Shabnam Behrooz
- Polymer Engineering and Color Technology Amirkabir University of Technology Tehran Iran
| | - Hadi Sarkhosh
- Biomedical Engineering Amirkabir University of Technology Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad Nourany
- Polymer Engineering and Color Technology Amirkabir University of Technology Tehran Iran
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Knaup I, Symmank J, Bastian A, Neuss S, Pufe T, Jacobs C, Wolf M. Impact of FGF1 on human periodontal ligament fibroblast growth, osteogenic differentiation and inflammatory reaction in vitro. J Orofac Orthop 2021; 83:42-55. [PMID: 34874457 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-021-00363-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate in vitro the impact of fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) in comparison to ascorbic acid (AscA) on human periodontal ligament fibroblast (HPdLF) growth, their osteogenic differentiation, and modulation of their inflammatory reaction to mechanical stress. METHODS The influence of different concentrations of FGF1 (12.5-200 ng/mL) on growth and proliferation of HPdLF cells was analyzed over 20 days by counting cell numbers and the percentage of Ki67-positive cells. Quantitative expression analysis of genes encoding the osteogenic markers alkaline phosphatase (ALPL), Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), osteocalcin (OCN), and osteopontin (OSP), as well as the fibroblast markers vimentin (VIM) and fibroblast-specific protein 1 (FSP1), was performed after 2 and 20 days of cultivation. Metabolic activity was determined by MTT assay. For comparison with AscA, 50 ng/mL FGF1 was used for stimulation for 2 and 20 days. Cell number, percentage of Ki67-positive cells, and expression of osteoblast- and fibroblast-specific genes were examined. Alkaline phosphatase activity was visualized by NBT/BCIP and calcium deposits were stained with alizarin red. Cytokine (IL‑6, IL‑8, COX2/PGE2) expression and secretion were analyzed by qPCR and ELISA in 6 h mechanically compressed HPdLF cultured for 2 days with FGF1 or ascorbic acid. RESULTS Higher concentrations of FGF1 promoted cell proliferation upon short-term stimulation, whereas prolonged treatment induced the expression of osteogenic markers even with low concentrations. AscA promotes cell growth more markedly than FGF1 in short-term cultures, whereas FGF1 induced osteogenic cell fate more strongly in long-term culture. Both factors induced an increased inflammatory response of HPdLF to mechanical compression. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that FGF1 promotes an osteogenic phenotype of HPdLF and limits inflammatory response to mechanical forces compared to AscA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Knaup
- Department of Orthodontics, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Judit Symmank
- Department of Orthodontics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Asisa Bastian
- Department of Orthodontics, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sabine Neuss
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, BioInterface Group, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Collin Jacobs
- Department of Orthodontics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Wolf
- Department of Orthodontics, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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Potential of Bone-Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Maxillofacial and Periodontal Regeneration: A Narrative Review. Int J Dent 2021; 2021:4759492. [PMID: 34795761 PMCID: PMC8594991 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4759492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are one of the most widely studied postnatal stem cell populations and are considered to utilize more frequently in cell-based therapy and cancer. These types of stem cells can undergo multilineage differentiation including blood cells, cardiac cells, and osteogenic cells differentiation, thus providing an alternative source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for tissue engineering and personalized medicine. Despite the ability to reprogram human adult somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in culture which provided a great opportunity and opened the new door for establishing the in vitro disease modeling and generating an unlimited source for cell base therapy, using MSCs for regeneration purposes still have a great chance to cure diseases. In this review, we discuss the important issues in MSCs biology including the origin and functions of MSCs and their application for craniofacial and periodontal tissue regeneration, discuss the potential and clinical applications of this type of stem cells in differentiation to maxillofacial bone and cartilage in vitro, and address important future hopes and challenges in this field.
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Seubbuk S, Surarit R, Stephens D, Hasturk H, Van Dyke TE, Kantarci A. TLR2 and TLR4 Differentially Regulate the Osteogenic Capacity of Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts. JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ACADEMY OF PERIODONTOLOGY 2021; 23:3-10. [PMID: 33512337 PMCID: PMC8142849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To test that the osteogenic capacity of periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts can be mediated by TLR2 and TLR4 activation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human PDL fibroblasts were cultured in osteogenic medium and treated with TLR2 and TLR4 agonists (Pam3CSK4 and monophosphoryl Lipid A (MPLA), respectively). Cell proliferation was measured by MTT and BrdU incorporation. Osteogenic differentiation was measured by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Nodule formation was measured for osteoblast function. The expression of markers of potential signaling pathways (RUNX2, OCN, BSP and Osterix) was evaluated by quantitative PCR. RESULTS PDL fibroblasts grew at the same rate during the first 5 days in response to both Pam3CSK5 and MPLA. On day 7, cells cultured in the presence of Pam3CSK4 had a significantly higher rate of DNA replication, while cells in MPLA group had a significantly lower DNA replication rate (one-third) compared to the control (p less than 0.05). Pam3CSK4 induced significantly higher ALP activity and larger calcified nodules. TLR4 activation significantly reduced the expression of RUNX2 and osterix and enhanced OCN. Neither TLR2 nor TLR4 affected BSP expression. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the activation of TLR2 and TLR4 differentially and perhaps antagonistically modulate osteogenesis by human PDL fibroblasts and have a direct role of TLR-mediated PDL function during periodontal regeneration as a potential target for therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujiwan Seubbuk
- Molecular Medicine Program, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Ratchthewi, Bangkok Thailand; Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA; and Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Ratchthewi, Bangkok Thailand
| | - Rudee Surarit
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Ratchthewi, Bangkok Thailand
| | - Danielle Stephens
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hatice Hasturk
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Thomas E Van Dyke
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alpdogan Kantarci
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA. E-mail address:
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Matichescu A, Ardelean LC, Rusu LC, Craciun D, Bratu EA, Babucea M, Leretter M. Advanced Biomaterials and Techniques for Oral Tissue Engineering and Regeneration-A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E5303. [PMID: 33238625 PMCID: PMC7700200 DOI: 10.3390/ma13225303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The reconstruction or repair of oral and maxillofacial functionalities and aesthetics is a priority for patients affected by tooth loss, congenital defects, trauma deformities, or various dental diseases. Therefore, in dental medicine, tissue reconstruction represents a major interest in oral and maxillofacial surgery, periodontics, orthodontics, endodontics, and even daily clinical practice. The current clinical approaches involve a vast array of techniques ranging from the traditional use of tissue grafts to the most innovative regenerative procedures, such as tissue engineering. In recent decades, a wide range of both artificial and natural biomaterials and scaffolds, genes, stem cells isolated from the mouth area (dental follicle, deciduous teeth, periodontal ligament, dental pulp, salivary glands, and adipose tissue), and various growth factors have been tested in tissue engineering approaches in dentistry, with many being proven successful. However, to fully eliminate the problems of traditional bone and tissue reconstruction in dentistry, continuous research is needed. Based on a recent literature review, this paper creates a picture of current innovative strategies applying dental stem cells for tissue regeneration in different dental fields and maxillofacial surgery, and offers detailed information regarding the available scientific data and practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamaria Matichescu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Community and Oral Health, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Lavinia Cosmina Ardelean
- Department of Technology of Materials and Devices in Dental Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Laura-Cristina Rusu
- Department of Oral Pathology, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (L.-C.R.); (D.C.); (M.B.)
| | - Dragos Craciun
- Department of Oral Pathology, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (L.-C.R.); (D.C.); (M.B.)
| | - Emanuel Adrian Bratu
- Department of Implant Supported Restorations, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Marius Babucea
- Department of Oral Pathology, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (L.-C.R.); (D.C.); (M.B.)
| | - Marius Leretter
- Department of Prosthodontics, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
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Aghamohamadi Z, Kadkhodazadeh M, Torshabi M, Tabatabaei F. A compound of concentrated growth factor and periodontal ligament stem cell-derived conditioned medium. Tissue Cell 2020; 65:101373. [PMID: 32746991 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2020.101373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro effect of a compound of concentrated growth factor (CGF) and periodontal ligament stem cell-derived conditioned medium (PDLSCs-CM) as a potential product for future applications in periodontal tissue regeneration. Isolated PDLSCs were characterized using flow cytometry and differentiation into osteoblasts and adipocytes cells. PDLSCs-CM and CGF were prepared and lyophilized. To determine the optimal concentration of the CGF-CM compound, the proliferation of PDLSCs after exposure to a wide range of different concentrations of CGF, CM, or their combination (CGF + CM) was investigated by methyl thiazol tetrazolium assay. Successful isolation of PDLSCs was confirmed by high expression of mesenchymal surface markers and differentiation into osteoblasts and adipocytes. PDLSCs showed higher proliferation in the 6.25 mg/mL concentration of CM and 94 μg/mL concentration of CGF. High concentrations of CGF and CM markedly inhibited the proliferation of PDLCs (p < 0.05). The exposure of PDLSCs to the compound of 10% CM + 90% CGF significantly increased the cell proliferation (p < 0.05). The results showed that CGF, CM, or their combination exert a proliferative effect on cells at a certain concentration. Further investigation on the synergistic effect of this compound may approve its application for periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Aghamohamadi
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Kadkhodazadeh
- Periodontics Department, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Torshabi
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - F Tabatabaei
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 signaling contributes to osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells. J Mol Histol 2020; 51:125-135. [PMID: 32124153 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-020-09863-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinase-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) is a type I transmembrane protein located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The PERK-eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α)-activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) pathway has been proved to be involved in osteoblast differentiation, but the involvement of the PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 signaling pathway in osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) has remained unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the role of PERK in osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs and to assess whether PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 contributes to the process of osteogenic differentiation in hPDLSCs. In our study, we constructed PERK-overexpressed and PERK-silenced hPDLSCs by lentiviral transduction. Furthermore, lentivirus-transfected cells were induced to differentiate into osteoblast cells for different days. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and Alizarin Red staining were used to evaluate the mineralization capacity, and the expression levels of related genes-ATF4, ALP, bone sialoprotein, runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), and osteocalcin were measured to evaluate the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs. The results showed that over-expression of PERK greatly increased ALP activity and the expression levels of related osteogenic genes, which displayed the strongest osteogenesis capacity. However, suppression of PERK caused decreased ALP activity and the weakest osteogenesis capacity, and the levels of ATF4 and p-eIF2α in PERK-silenced hPDLSCs were also decreased. Our results indicated that the PERK gene plays an important role in the differentiation of hPDLSCs to osteoblast-like cells. The PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 signaling pathway contributes to osteoblast differentiation of hPDLSCs.
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Romagnoli C, Zonefrati R, Galli G, Aldinucci A, Nuti N, Martelli FS, Tonelli P, Tanini A, Brandi ML. The effect of strontium chloride on human periodontal ligament stem cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 14:283-293. [PMID: 29354155 DOI: 10.11138/ccmbm/2017.14.3.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The complete repair of periodontal structures remains an exciting challenge that prompts researchers to develop new treatments to restore the periodontium. Recent research has suggested strontium ion to be an attractive candidate to improve osteogenic activity. In this study, we have isolated a clonal finite cell line derived from human periodontal ligament (PDL) in order to assess whether and in which way different doses of SrCl2 (from 0.5 to 500 μg/ml) can influence both the proliferation and the mineralization process, for future application in oral diseases. PDL cells were cloned by dilution plating technique and characterized by FACS. Cell proliferation analysis and mineralization were performed by [3H]-thymidine incorporation and spectrofluorometric assay. Results have evidenced that the higher SrCl2 concentrations tested, from 25 to 500 μg/ml, have increased the proliferation activity after only 24 h of treatment. Interestingly, the same higher concentrations have decreased the mineralization, which was conversely increased by the lower ones, from 0.5 to 10 μg/ml. Our findings suggest the possible use of SrCl2 in appropriate delivery systems that release, at different time points, the specific dose, depending on the biological response that we want to induce on periodontal ligament stem cells, providing a more efficient periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Romagnoli
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Roberto Zonefrati
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gianna Galli
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Niccolò Nuti
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Tonelli
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Annalisa Tanini
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Avinash K, Malaippan S, Dooraiswamy JN. Methods of Isolation and Characterization of Stem Cells from Different Regions of Oral Cavity Using Markers: A Systematic Review. Int J Stem Cells 2017; 10:12-20. [PMID: 28531913 PMCID: PMC5488772 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc17010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontitis is a destructive inflammatory disorder of the periodontium caused by the destruction of periodontal tissues namely the PDL, cementum, alveolar bone, and gingiva. Once these tissues are lost, the foremost goal of periodontal therapy is to regenerate the diseased tissues if possible to their original form, architecture, and function. Various regenerative procedures were employed and still a gap was found in achieving the goal. As stem cells are characterized by their ability to self-renew and differentiate to produce specialized cells, there could be a possibility of using them for regenerative therapy. Recently, dental tissues such as the PDL, the dental pulp and the tooth follicle have been recognized as readily available sources of adult stem cells. Aim The aim was to identify the various sources and methodologies in isolation of stem cells from human oral cavity and its differentiation into various lineages using markers. Materials and Methods The electronic databases PUBMED, GOOGLE SCHOLAR, SCIENCE DIRECT, COCHRANE LIBRARY along with a complimentary manual search of all periodontics journal till the year 2016. Thirteen articles were selected on the basis of the inclusion criteria. Isolation of stem cells from oral cavity through various methods has been evaluated and similarly characterization to different lineages were tabulated as variables of interest. They included human in-vitro and ex-vivo studies. Results The results showed that PDLSC’s and pulpal stem cells are the most common source from where stem cells were isolated. Each source has used different methodology in isolating the stem cells and it was found that STRO-1 was the commonly used marker in all the studies mentioned. Conclusions The studies showed that there is no standard protocol existed in isolating the stem cells from different sources of oral cavity. Moreover, there was no standard marker or methodology used in characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sankari Malaippan
- Department of Periodontology, Saveetha Dental College, Chennai, India
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Seubbuk S, Sritanaudomchai H, Kasetsuwan J, Surarit R. High glucose promotes the osteogenic differentiation capability of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:2788-2794. [PMID: 28447734 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs) are important cells, which are involved in maintaining tooth integrity. Diabetes has been found to be associated with periodontal disease in a bidirectional manner. The aim of the present study was to investigate the stemness properties of human PDLFs (HPDLFs) in high glucose conditions. HPDLFs were analyzed for their osteogenic differentiation capacity by inducing the cells with osteogenic medium in various glucose concentrations. The gene expression was then examined using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, and examinations of alkaline phosphatase activity and nodule formation were performed. The results of the gene expression analysis revealed that high glucose media induced the expression of NANOG, octamer-binding transcription factor 4, (sex determining region Y)‑box 2, cluster of differentiation 166 (CD166), PERIOSTIN and β‑CATENIN following culture of the cells for 3 days. Alkaline phosphatase activity increased following 14 days in the high glucose condition. In addition, higher numbers of calcified nodules were formed on day 28 in the group cultured with high glucose. The results showed that high glucose induced bone formation by elevating the expression of stem cell markers, particularly CD166, and this induction may be regulated through β-CATENIN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujiwan Seubbuk
- Molecular Medicine Program, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Ratchthewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Hathaitip Sritanaudomchai
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Ratchthewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Julalux Kasetsuwan
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Ratchthewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Rudee Surarit
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Ratchthewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Ding DC, Chang YH, Shyu WC, Lin SZ. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells: a new era for stem cell therapy. Cell Transplant 2015; 24:339-47. [PMID: 25622293 DOI: 10.3727/096368915x686841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The human umbilical cord is a promising source of mesenchymal stem cells (HUCMSCs). Unlike bone marrow stem cells, HUCMSCs have a painless collection procedure and faster self-renewal properties. Different derivation protocols may provide different amounts and populations of stem cells. Stem cell populations have also been reported in other compartments of the umbilical cord, such as the cord lining, perivascular tissue, and Wharton's jelly. HUCMSCs are noncontroversial sources compared to embryonic stem cells. They can differentiate into the three germ layers that promote tissue repair and modulate immune responses and anticancer properties. Thus, they are attractive autologous or allogenic agents for the treatment of malignant and nonmalignant solid and soft cancers. HUCMCs also can be the feeder layer for embryonic stem cells or other pluripotent stem cells. Regarding their therapeutic value, storage banking system and protocols should be established immediately. This review critically evaluates their therapeutic value, challenges, and future directions for their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dah-Ching Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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Systemic treatment with strontium ranelate accelerates the filling of a bone defect and improves the material level properties of the healing bone. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:549785. [PMID: 25243150 PMCID: PMC4163478 DOI: 10.1155/2014/549785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Rapid bone defect filling with normal bone is a challenge in orthopaedics and dentistry. Strontium ranelate (SrRan) has been shown to in vitro decrease bone resorption and increase bone formation, and represents a potential agent with the capacity to accelerate bone defect filling. In this study, bone tibial defects of 2.5 mm in diameter were created in 6-month-old female rats orally fed SrRan (625 mg/kg/d; 5/7 days) or vehicle for 4, 8, or 12 weeks (10 rats per group per time point) from the time of surgery. Tibias were removed. Micro-architecture was determined by micro-computed tomography (µCT) and material level properties by nanoindentation analysis. µCT analysis showed that SrRan administration significantly improved microarchitecture of trabecular bone growing into the defect after 8 and 12 weeks of treatment compared to vehicle. SrRan treatment also accelerated the growth of cortical bone over the defect, but with different kinetics compared to trabecular bone, as the effects were already significant after 4 weeks. Nanoindentation analysis demonstrated that SrRan treatment significantly increased material level properties of both trabecular bone and cortical bone filling the defect compared to vehicle. SrRan accelerates the filling of bone defect by improving cortical and trabecular bone microarchitecture both quantitatively and qualitatively.
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El Omar R, Beroud J, Stoltz JF, Menu P, Velot E, Decot V. Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells: the new gold standard for mesenchymal stem cell-based therapies? TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2014; 20:523-44. [PMID: 24552279 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2013.0664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Due to their self-renewal capacity, multilineage differentiation potential, paracrine effects, and immunosuppressive properties, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are an attractive and promising tool for regenerative medicine. MSCs can be isolated from various tissues but despite their common immunophenotypic characteristics and functional properties, source-dependent differences in MSCs properties have recently emerged and lead to different clinical applications. Considered for a long time as a medical waste, umbilical cord appears these days as a promising source of MSCs. Several reports have shown that umbilical cord-derived MSCs are more primitive, proliferative, and immunosuppressive than their adult counterparts. In this review, we aim at synthesizing the differences between umbilical cord MSCs and MSCs from other sources (bone marrow, adipose tissue, periodontal ligament, dental pulp,…) with regard to their proliferation capacity, proteic and transcriptomic profiles, and their secretome involved in their regenerative, homing, and immunomodulatory capacities. Although umbilical cord MSCs are until now not particularly used as an MSC source in clinical practice, accumulating evidence shows that they may have a therapeutic advantage to treat several diseases, especially autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reine El Omar
- 1 CNRS UMR UL 7365 , Bâtiment Biopôle, Faculté de médecine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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GRAD NICOLAEOVIDIU, EMOKE PALL, MIRONIUC IONAUREL. Isolation, culture and detection of mesenchymal stem cells in tissues from critical limb ischemia model in rat. CLUJUL MEDICAL (1957) 2013; 86:65-8. [PMID: 26527919 PMCID: PMC4462486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a small portion of the cells in the stromal compartment of bone marrow and have the potential to differentiate into new blood vessel and other tissues. MSCs transplantation in tissues from critical limb ischemia model in rat may represent a therapeutic applications of vascular regeneration. AIM The aim of this study was to isolate with a simple method the rat bone marrow stromal cells. Then the adherent cells were labeled with 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU, Sigma) and injected in the gastrocnemius and adductor muscle of ischemic hind limbs in order to demonstrate their presence in the critical limb ischemia model in rat. MATERIAL AND METHODS MSCs were isolated from Wistar rats, 8 weeks of age. The MSCs were labeled in vitro for later identification by adding 10 μg/mL 5-bromo-2 -deoxyuridine (BrdU, Sigma). RESULTS Small colonies of fibroblast-like cells were seen after several days of primary culture. These colonies increased in size and were subcultured after 15-18 days. CONCLUSION The MSCs obtained in this study presented a stable undifferentiated phenotype under normal culture conditions. MSCs are easy to isolate, culture, and detect in in vivo culture. These cells are characterized by high plasticity and could have an important role in angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- NICOLAE-OVIDIU GRAD
- Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania 2nd Surgical Clinic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania,Adress for correspondence:
| | - PALL EMOKE
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - ION-AUREL MIRONIUC
- Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania 2nd Surgical Clinic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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